Kuphulika kwa Chemical Pool: Kusakaniza Trichlor ndi Cal-Hypo kapena Acid ndi Chlorine Gas Release¶

M'nyumba zotetezedwa kuseri kwa nyumba, mawu awiri amayambitsa mawotchi ochulukirapo a mankhwala, kugonekedwa m'chipatala, komanso kuphulika kwamphamvu kwa pulasitiki kuposa ena aliwonse: "chlorine yam'madzi." Mamiliyoni a eni madziwe osambira ndi machubu otentha amatero chifukwa mapiritsi a chlorine amainchi atatu (Trichlor) ndi mapiritsi a chlorine othamanga kwambiri* Onse akuti "Chlorine Sanitizer" pa chidebecho, ndi mapiritsi ndi ufa wa mankhwala omwewo ndipo amatha kutsanuliridwa mu chidebe, skimmer basket, kapena automatic inline chlorinator chubu. Kwenikweni, Trichloroisocyanuric acid (Trichlor, pH 2.8 mpaka 3.0) ndi asidi wamphamvu wokhala ndi nayitrogeni womangidwa, pomwe ** Calcium Hypochlorite (Cal-Hypo, pH 10.8 mpaka 11.8)** ndi okosijeni wamphamvu wamchere. Mwininyumba nthawi yomweyo amagwetsa ma Cal-Hypo kugwedeza ma granules mu chodyetsa choyandama kapena silinda ya PVC chlorinator yomwe imasungabe mapiritsi onyowa a Trichlor (kapena kusakaniza mankhwala a chlorine ndi Muriatic Acid / hydrochloric acid), yachiwawa exothermic redox, chlorine redox yobiriwiraCl2)** ndi kupanga Nitrogen Trichloride yamadzimadzi (NCl3, agene), chophulika chachikulu chodzidzimutsa chodzidzimutsa mkati mwa chubu chapulasitiki chotsekedwa (dziwe losambira mankhwala ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi ndi bleach wothira ammonia kapena viniga).

Pakadutsa masekondi 5 mpaka 60 mutapotoza chivundikiro pa chlorinator yoipitsidwa kapena kuthira madzi mumtsuko wosakanizidwa, osakanizawo amanjenjemera, amatulutsa thovu lachikasu, ndipo amaphulika ndi mphamvu ya ndodo ya dynamite, ndikuphwanya mapaipi a Pulogalamu 40 a PVC kukhala lumo lakuthwa muzitsulo zopindika za acidic acid. maso a opareshoni (kuyaka kwambiri ndi kutulutsa mankhwala ndi kuvulala m'maso), ndikutulutsa mtambo wakupha wa chlorine ndi mpweya wa chloramine pabwalo ndi nyumba zoyandikana nazo. Ngati chidebe cha mankhwala cha dziwe chikulirakulira, chikuyaka mpweya wobiriwira, chikuphulika, kapena chaphulika, chotsani mphepo nthawi yomweyo ndikuimbira foni kwanuko. manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) kupempha yankho la Fire Department Hazardous Materials (HazMat). Bukuli limapereka njira zingapo zadzidzidzi kuti mupulumuke kuphulika kwa dziwe lamadzi kapena kuphulika kwa chlorinator, kutulutsa mphepo ndi kukwera mtunda kuchokera ku mpweya wolemera wa chlorine, kuyaka kwamadzi am'maso ndi pakhungu, ndikusunga bwino kusuta kapena ndowa zonyowa za sanitizer popanda kuyambitsanso kuphulika kwachiwiri.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

Ngati mwangosakaniza mwangozi mankhwala awiri amadzimadzi mumtsuko, skimmer, kapena chakudya chamkati, kapena ngati dziwe la chlorinator likulira, kuphulika, kutulutsa nthunzi wobiriwira wachikasu, kapena kuphulika, chitani izi zisanu ndi chimodzi nthawi yomweyo:

1. MUSAYANGE CHIVUNDIKWITSO PA CHLORINATOR KAPENA CHIDEWA, NDIPO OSAYANDIKIRA CHLORINATOR YOtsekedwa IMENE IKUSONYEZA KAPENA KUBUKULA: Ngati mwangothira magalasi olakwikawo mu chlorinator kapena ndowa yomwe ili pakati ndikuwona kunjenjemera kapena kununkhiza kwa klorini chakuthwa* nthawi yomweyo tulutsani utsiwo. Kukankhira pansi kumatchera misampha yomwe ikukulitsa msanga mpweya wa chlorine ndi kuphulika nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) mkati mwa silinda ya pulasitiki yophwanyika mpaka itaphulika ngati grenade yogawanika m'manja ndi kumaso.
2. Chotsani aliyense (kuphatikiza ziweto ndi anthu omwe ali m'dziwe losambira) UPWIND ndi UPHILL osachepera 30 mpaka 45 metres (100 mpaka 150 mapazi) kutali ndi zomwe anachita: Elemental **chlorine gas (Cl2) ndi kulemera kwa 2.5 kuposa mpweya ** (kuchuluka kwa nthunzi 2.48). Mosiyana ndi utsi umene umakwera kumwamba, mtambo wa mpweya wa chlorine umamira pansi, kukumbatira pansi pa dziwe la konkire ndi pamwamba pa madzi a dziwe losambira (pamene pali mitu ya osambira), ndipo umatsikira m’zipinda zapansi, zitsime za mazenera, ndi mayadi oyandikana nawo. Sunthani kuwoloka mphepo/kamphepo yamkuntho ndi mpaka pamalo okwera (kapena m'nyumba pamalo okwera ndi mazenera onse, zitseko, ndi zoziziritsira mpweya za HVAC zotsekedwa).
3. OSATI KUTHIRA kapu kapena payipi yamadzi mumtsuko wa mankhwala owuma kapena osuta: Ichi ndiye chidziwitso chowopsa kwambiri pachitetezo chamankhwala. Zotsutsira madzi m'madzi ndi zotulutsa madzi mokhazikika: kuthira madzi pang'ono pa Trichlor yosakanikirana ndi Cal-Hypo (kapena ngakhale mumtsuko wotentha wa Calcium Hypochlorite) kumathandizira kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera pa 20 digiri Celsius mpaka **kupitilira 180 digiri Celsius (356 degrees Fahrenheitway) mu mphindi imodzi moto. Siyani chidebe chosuta chokha kwa gulu la Fire Department HazMat.
4. Ngati chisakanizocho chinachitika mwangozi mkati mwa dengu losambira la OPEN pool skimmer ndipo SAKAYAMIDWA mu chotchingira chotsekeka chapakati, ZIMmitsa POOL PUMP BREAKER KUCHOKERA KUTI WOTETEZEKA ngati ungapezeke popanda kulowa mumtambo wa gasi: Ngati chophulitsa pampu chikuyenda bwino kuchoka pafusi, kutembenuzira pampuyo kuti isagwe** kunja kwa dziwe lotseguka la skimmer dengu ndikulipanikiza mkati mwa thanki yosindikizidwa yosindikizidwa kapena chotenthetsera chosiyanasiyana. (Ngati chosinthira magetsi chili pafupi ndi chlorinator yofukiza, OSATI kulowa mumtambo wa gasi kuti mufikire; isiyeni ndikutuluka.)
5. Ngati mankhwala amadzimadzi, ufa, kapena utsi wophulika ugunda MASO kapena CHIKHOPA cha munthu aliyense, vulani zovala zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ndipo muzitsuka mosalekeza ndi madzi apampopi ambiri aukhondo kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 zonse: Mukakhala ndi kamphepo kayeziyezi, gwiritsani ntchito payipi yapanja (osati kuthira madzi ngati ili pafupi ndi tsinde) kapena shawa lamkati ndi shawa lamkati kuti mutulutse. Gwirani zikope zanu motsegula ndi zala zanu pansi pa mtsinje wofewa wamadzi apampopi kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20; pamene kuika madzi pang'ono mu "chidebe" cha mankhwala kumayambitsa kuphulika, kusefukira kwa mankhwala pa khungu la munthu ndi malita 100 a madzi othamanga amasungunula ndikutsuka kutentha ndi oxidizer kutali.
6. Imbani 911 (kapena 112/999) kuchokera kumtunda ndikuwuza wotumizayo mayina awiri enieni amankhwala omwe ali pamalembawo (Trichloroisocyanuric Acid, Calcium Hypochlorite, Sodium Dichlor, kapena Muriatic Acid): Chenjezani nyumba zoyandikana ndi mphepo kuti zizikhala m’nyumba, kutseka mawindo, ndi kuzimitsa zoziziritsira mpweya. Aliyense amene adakoka mpweya wobiriwira wachikasu ndipo akutsokomola, akupumira, kapena akumva kupsinjika pachifuwa ayenera kutumizidwa ku dipatimenti yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chomwe chingathe kupha kuchedwa kuchedwa kwa non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (madzi a m'mapapo) akhoza kukhala maola 4 mpaka 24 zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwoneka bwino.

Mtengo wosankha: ngozi yosakanikirana ndi mankhwala, kutulutsa mpweya wa chlorine, ndikuwotcha¶

Gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wachigamulowu kuti muyankhe pamasekondi 60 oyambirira a pool chemical incompatibility reaction, kutulutsa mpweya, kapena kupasuka kwa chlorinator.

flowchart TD
    Start["Zadzidzidzi Zadzidzidzi: Kusakaniza Mwangozi, Chidebe Choyaka, kapena Kuphulika kwa Chlorinator"] --> SceneCheck{"1. Kodi chidebecho chinaphulika / kupopera munthu wina, kapena pakali pano chikusokosera?"}

    SceneCheck -->|"A. Kutentha Kwambiri, Kutulutsa thovu, Gasi Wachikasu Wobiriwira, kapena Wotulutsa Chlorinator"| EvacuateUpwind["KUTULUKA KWAMBIRI KWAMBIRI :; 1. OSATI kuphimba chidebe kapena kukhudza fuming chlorinator; 2. OSATI KUPOSA madzi mumtsuko wa mankhwala osuta; 3. Chotsani osambira onse, banja & ziweto UPWIND & UPHILL 30 mpaka 45 m (100-150 ft); 4. Imbani 911 / 112 / 999 ya Fire Dept HazMat & chenjezani oyandikana nawo omwe akugwa"]

    SceneCheck -->|"B. Munthu Wopoperedwa ndi Chemical Slurry kapena Mpweya wa Chlorine"| MedicalTriage["KUPULUMUTSA KWAMWAMBUYO & ZOTHANDIZA ZOYAMBA (Mu Air Upwind) :; 1. KUKOSA MOYO: Yendani ku mpweya wabwino, khazikitsani munthu kuti apumule (osayenda); 2. MASO: Gwirani zikope zotsegula pansi pa madzi apampopi oyenda bwino kwa mphindi 15-20; 3. KHUMBA: Chotsani zovala / nsapato zoipitsidwa & khungu lamadzi ndi madzi apampopi kwa mphindi 15; 4. Imbani 911 chifukwa cha kutentha kwa diso, chifuwa, stridor, kapena kupuma movutikira"]

    SceneCheck -->|"C. Mwangozi Wowuma Pang'ono Pang'ono Pansi pa Konkrete (OSATI Kutentha, OSATI Kunyowa)"| DryCleanup{"Kodi mankhwala awiri osiyana adasakanizidwa pamodzi mumadzi owuma?"}

    DryCleanup -->|"Inde: Trichlor + Cal-Hypo yosakaniza youma pamtunda"| DoNotSweep["MUSASESE PAMODZI KAPENA KUnyowetsa NDI payipi:; Chinyezi kapena kukangana kumatha kuyatsa zosakaniza zowuma zowuma; Khalani osasunthika, malo odzipatula & imbani Poison Control / Fire Dept osati zadzidzidzi kuti mutayidwe"]

    DryCleanup -->|"Ayi: Mankhwala owuma osasakanikirana atayikira"| SingleSweep["Sesani ma granules owuma osasakanizika ndi pulasitiki yoyera, yowuma m'mafupa (osati chitsulo/tsache lamafuta) ndi kusungunula pang'onopang'ono mu dziwe lalikulu losambira lokha."]

Kuthira pansi 1: Zomwe zimapangidwira mankhwala amadzimadzi amaphulika (Misanganizo 3 yakupha)¶

N'chifukwa chiyani mankhwala a pool kuseri kwa nyumba amachita ndi chiwawa cha mafakitale? Chifukwa zotsukira m'madzi zimakhazikika Makalasi 1, 2, kapena 3 Oxidizer (okhala ndi 55 mpaka 90 peresenti ya chlorine), pomwe zosintha za pH zimakhala ndi ma mineral acid ambiri. Nawa njira yeniyeni yamankhwala yomwe imayambitsa zochitika zitatu zomwe zafa kwambiri kumbuyo kwa nyumba:

Kuzama 2: Thandizo loyamba lachipatala la Chlorine Gasi (Cl2) / Nayitrogeni Trichloride pokoka mpweya ndi mankhwala diso amayaka¶

Pamene pool chemical reaction iphulika kuseri kwa nyumba, shedi ya zida, kapena chipinda chopopera, anthu ongoyimilira amakumana ndi mipweya yapoizoni ya halogen yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya** ndi **kuphulika kwamadzi/zolimba **:

   [WHY CHLORINE GAS SINKS AND TRAPS SWIMMERS AT WATER LEVEL]

      [Fresh Air Above 2 Meters (6.5 Feet) / Uphill]
   ---------------------------------------------------------
      [Dense Yellow-Green Chlorine Gas Cloud (2.5x Heavier Than Air)]
      ======> Flows DOWNHILL along pool deck & sits directly
              on top of pool water surface (Swimmer breathing zone)
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                   [Swimming Pool Water]

1. Chlorine & Chloramine Gas Inhalation Triage (Ndi Msampha Wamaola 24 Wochedwa Pulmonary Edema)¶

Mukakowetsedwa, mpweya wa chlorine (Cl2) imasungunuka m'mphuno yonyowa ya mphuno, mmero, trachea, ndi alveoli ya m'mapapo, imachita ndi madzi m'matumbo anu kupanga Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) ndi Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) mkati mwa mapapu anu: 1. Sungani Mphepo ndi Kukwera Pompopompo: Osakwawa ndi manja ndi mawondo kuti uthawe mpweya wa chlorine (mosiyana ndi utsi wotentha wapanyumba pomwe mpweya wabwino uli pafupi ndi pansi, **gasi wa chlorine ndi wolemera kwambiri pansi komanso pamwamba pamadzi **). Imani mowongoka, gwirani nsalu yonyowa pamphuno ndi pakamwa ngati ilipo, ndipo yendani mofulumira mmwamba ndi kukwera phiri. 2. Musungeni Munthu Wowonekera pa Mpumulo Wolimba Wathupi (Wokhala Mowongoka pa Madigiri 45 mpaka 90): - Ngakhale munthuyo atanena kuti "Ndangokhosomola kwambiri, ndikumva bwino tsopano," Musalole kuti aziyendayenda, kuchita khama, kapena kugona chagada. - Kulimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa pulmonary capillary ndikufulumizitsa kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kudutsa m'mapapo owonongeka a alveolar nembanemba m'mapapu. Akhazikitseni molunjika mumpweya wabwino ndikumasula makolala olimba. 3. Vulani Zovala Zothira Gasi: Mpweya wa klorini umatsekera mkati mwazovala zonyowa zosambira, matawulo, ndi malaya a thonje ndikupitiriza kutulutsa mpweya pansi pa chibwano cha wovulalayo. Chotsani zovala zakunja zoipitsidwa ndikutsuka khungu ndi madzi apampopi. 4. Kuwunika Kwazigawo Zadzidzidzi kwa "Kuchedwa kwa Pulmonary Edema": - Malinga ndi CDC / ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), kukhudzana ndi 15 mpaka 30 ppm ya klorini kumayambitsa kupweteka kwapakhosi nthawi yomweyo ndi kutsamwitsidwa, ndipo 40 mpaka 60 ppm ** kumayambitsa chifuwchachikulu cha mankhwala. - Chenjezo Lofunika Kwambiri lachipatal: Chifuwa champhamvu chikatha pakata mphindi 20 mumpweya wabwino, wovulalayo nthawi zambiri amalowa m'nyengo yachinyengo "nthawi yobisika" ya maola 2 mpaka 12 pomwe amamva ngati ali bwino, amangodzuka pakati pausiku akumira mu sputum yofiira ngati *non-carding pulmonary airspulmonary Aliyense amene anakumanapo ndi chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, chifuwa chomangika, mawu otukwana, kapena kupuma movutikira atalandira mankhwala a pool chemical reaction ayenera kuunika kuchipatala (komwe amapatsidwa mpweya wonyezimira, ma bronchodilator a nebulized, ndi kuonerera).

2. Kuthirira kwa Ocular ndi Dermal Chemical Burn (Lamulo la Madzi a Pampopi la Mphindi 20)¶

Ngati kuphulika kwa chlorinator kapena asidi akuwaza madzi opopera kapena matope onyowa pankhope kapena thupi la munthu: - Tsukani Ma Granules Owuma Choyamba, Kenako Sefukirani Ndi Madzi Othamanga: Ngati ufa woyera wa Calcium Hypochlorite utakhala pakhungu kapena zovala, tsukani ufa woumawo pang'onopang'ono ndi chopukutira chowuma kwa masekondi awiri, vulani zovalazo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mulowe mu shawa yodzaza madzi apompopompo kapena payipi yamunda kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20. - Alkaline Cal-Hypo Eye Splashes Ndi Mwamtheradi Ophthalmic Emergency: Calcium hypochlorite ili ndi pH yamphamvu yamchere ya 11.5. Mosiyana ndi ma acid (omwe amaunjikira mapuloteni apamwamba), ma alkalis amayambitsa liquefactive necrosis, kutulutsa ma cell membrane ndikuboola molunjika mu cornea ya munthu mkati mwa masekondi 60 kuti apangitse khungu losatha.simenti ndi maso a alkali amayaka). Chotsani magalasi olumikizirana nthawi yomweyo ngati atuluka mosavuta, gwirani zikope zakumtunda ndi zakumunsi zotseguka ndi chala chanu chachikulu ndi chala chakutsogolo, ndipo tsitsani madzi apampopi ofunda mosalekeza pamlatho wa mphuno kulowa m'diso lovulala (kutembenuza diso mbali zonse) kwa 20 mpaka 30 mphindi zosalekeza mpaka EMS itafika.

Kulowera pansi 3: Zoyenera kuchita mutathira mankhwala olakwika m'madzi a dziwe lokha (Safe vs. Dangerous Scenarios)¶

Eni dziwe nthawi zambiri amachita mantha atawonjezera mankhwala awiri mwachindunji ku **madzi osambira otseguka ** imodzi pambuyo pa imzake. Siyanitsani nthawi yomweyo pakati pa Kuchita Chingwe Chotsekeka (Chakufa) ndi Mawonekedwe a Open-Pool Dilution:

1. Nkhani A (ZOIPA): Munasakaniza Mankhwala Awiri Mkati Mwa Chidebe, Skimmer Basket, kapena Inline Feeder:
2. Mu chidebe cha 20-lita (5-gallon) kapena 4-lita (1-gallon) inline chlorinator chubu, mankhwalawa ali pa 100,000+ ppm concentration. Adzachita zachiwawa, kuwira, kutulutsa mpweya wa chlorine, kapena kuphulika. Chotsani mphepo ndikuyimba 911.
3. Nkhani B (ZOCHITIKA ZOSANGALALA NGATI ZOPHUNZITSIDWA): Munathira Muriatic Acid Kumapeto kwa Dawe la 75,000-Liter (20,000-Galoni), Ndipo Mphindi 5 Pambuyo pake Munathira Liquid Chlorine kapena Kugwedezeka Kumapeto Ena a Dziwe Lotseguka:
4. Katundu wina akamwazika mu 50,000 mpaka 100,000 malita (13,000 mpaka 26,000 malita) amadzi osambira pomwe pampu yozungulira ikuyenda, imachepetsedwa kukhala yopanda vuto 2 mpaka 10 magawo miliyoni (ppm).
5. Komabe, ngati mutathira Muriatic Acid ndi Liquid Chlorine pamalo omwewo a dziwe lomwe layima pomwe mpope wozimitsa, asidi wandiweyani ndi bulitchi yamadzimadzi yowundana imatha kumira pamodzi m'mbale yayikulu ngati chithaphwi chosasunthika ndikutulutsa kuwira komweko kwa mpweya wachikasu wobiriwira wa chlorine womwe umatuluka kumapeto kwenikweni.
6. Zoyenera kuchita: Sungani osambira onse kunja kwa dziwe, imirirani ndi phula lalitali la fiberglass pool brush, ndi sesa/kukanthani madzi akumapeto akuya kuchokera kumphepo yamkuntho pamene mukutembenuza mpope wozungulira dziwe ON kumwaza thumba la pansi lokhazikika mumadzi okwanira 75,000-lita. (Pokonza mtsogolo, dikirani nthawi zonse osachepera mphindi 30 mpaka 60 ndi mpope ikuyenda pakati pa kuwonjezera Muriatic Acid ndi kuwonjezera chinthu chilichonse cha Chlorine, ndipo musathire mankhwala aliwonse kuphatikiza ma puck okhazikika a Trichlor mu chodyera chodzipereka cha Trichlor.)

Kulowera pansi 4: Malamulo otetezedwa osungiramo dziwe kuti mupewe moto wanthawi zonse wamasiku amvula¶

Ngakhale palibe amene akukhudza mankhwalawo, malo osungiramo madzi ndi magalasi amawotcha chilimwe chilichonse pamvula yamkuntho kapena mafunde otentha chifukwa cha kusungidwa kosayenera: 1. Musasunge Madzi a Muriatic Acid ndi Chlorine Pafupi ndi Wina ndi Wina: Muriatic acid (HCl) nthawi zonse amapuma mpweya wa acidic kwambiri kudzera mu kapu yake yapulasitiki yotulutsa mpweya. Ngati mtsuko wa Muriatic Acid ukhala pa shelufu yofanana ndi chidebe cha Calcium Hypochlorite kapena Trichlor, denga lililonse likudontha, mtsuko wogubuduka, kapena botolo lapulasitiki logawanika limasakaniza pansi ndikudzaza garaja ndi mpweya wakupha wa chlorine. Sungani ma asidi ndi zotsekemera mu machubu a pulasitiki osiyana motalikirana osachepera mita 3 (mamita 10) pamashelefu apansi (osati pamashelefu apamwamba pomwe chidebe chingagwere pamutu panu). 2. Musagwiritse Ntchito Chitsulo, Chitsulo Chakale cha Coffee, kapena Chikho Choyezera Chonyowa mkati mwa Chidebe cha Chlorine: Dontho limodzi lamadzi lomwe latsala mkati mwa kapu yoyezera ya pulasitiki (kapena zotsalira za dzimbiri/khofi mkati mwa kapu ya khitchini yogwiritsidwanso ntchito) amagweranso mu ng'oma ya kilogalamu 25 (mapaundi 50) ya Calcium Hypochloride yotentha mkati mwake. maola mpaka ng'oma yonse kuphulika ndi 200-degree-Celsius (400-degree-Fahrenheit) wodzipangira okha oxidizing moto. Gwiritsani ntchito nkhokwe ya pulasitiki yodzipatulira, yowuma m'mafupa pa chidebe chilichonse chamankhwala ndipo musasinthane nkhokwe pakati pa ndowa. 3. Never Pre-Dissolve Trichlor kapena Cal-Hypo mu Chidebe Chaung'ono cha Madzi Ofunda M'nyumba: Ngati chizindikiro chikulangizani kuti musungunule kugwedezeka kwa granular, nthawi zonse zichitani panja pa dziwe lotseguka, nthawi zonse onjezani mankhwalawo pang'onopang'ono ku chidebe chodzaza malita 20 (5-gallon): OSATI onjezerani madzi ozizira chidebe "Add the Chemical TO the Water"), pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe choyera chomwe sichinakhalepo ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse.

Kulowera pansi 5: Kuyipitsa kuseri kwa nyumba ndikuchotsa zotsalira zotsalira pambuyo pa chilolezo cha HazMat¶

Gulu la Zida Zowopsa (HazMat) kapena ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi amdera lanu akakhazikitsa njira yamankhwala yakunja ndikukuchotsani kuti mulowenso kumbuyo kwa nyumba yanu, matope otsalira owononga, ma granules oxidizer osasungunuka, kapena madzi ochapira acidic amatha kukhala padziwe lanu la konkriti, mipando ya patio, kapena mipando ya lawn. Osakhudza zotsalira za mankhwala pambuyo pa ngozi ndi manja opanda kanthu kapena kuyesa kusesa phala losanganikirana la mankhwala mumtsuko wanyumba.

1. Zida Zodzitetezera Payekha (PPE) za Patio Washdown¶

• Musanayandikire malo osungira zida za dziwe pambuyo poti chinthucho chazirala ndikuchotsa mpweya, valani **magalasi opumira opangidwa ndi mankhwala osalunjika **, makina opumira ovomerezeka a NIOSH (kapena ayime mopanda mphepo panja), rabara ya butyl kutalika kwa chigongono kapena magolovu osamva mankhwala a nitrile, ndi mphira.
• Osavala nsapato za thonje, nsapato za canvas, kapena nsapato zogwirira ntchito zachikopa poyeretsa Calcium Hypochlorite kapena Trichlor phala yotayika: madzi amphamvu oxidizer oviikidwa mu chikopa kapena nsalu ya thonje adzauma mkati mwa ulusi wa nsapato ndipo akhoza ** kuyatsa modzidzimutsa ndi kukangana ** pamene mukuyenda kudutsa konkire masanawa.

2. Kusasokoneza High-Chlorine Slurry vs. Muriatic Acid Kutayikira pa Sinkire¶

• Kwa Residual Liquid Chlorine or Decomposed Sanitizer Washwater on the Deck:
• Akatswiri a dziwe ndi magulu a HazMat amachepetsa zotsalira za hypochlorite m'madabwi ochapira pogwiritsa ntchito Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) kapena Sodium Sulfite (yogulitsidwa m'sitolo iliyonse yamadziwe monga "Chlorine Neutralizer / Dechlorinator").
• Sungunulani makhiristo a sodium thiosulfate mu chidebe choyera chamadzi ozizira ndikutsanulira yankholo pa chithaphwi chosungunuka pa sitima ya konkire kuti muchepetse ayoni owononga a hypochlorite (OCl-) mu mchere wa chloride wopanda vuto (Cl-), kenaka tsitsani bwino simenti ya konkire ndi payipi yamunda kwa mphindi 10. (Chenjezo: Osayika makhiristo olimba a Sodium Thiosulfate molunjika pamachubu owuma a Chlorine, popeza kukhudzana kochepetsera-plus-oxidizer kumakhalanso kowopsa; ingoyikani neutralizer kumadzi ochapira osungunuka.)
• Kwa Muriatic Acid Yosasakaniza (HCl) Kutayira pa Konkire kapena Pavers:
• Ngati mtsuko wa 31.45% wa Muriatic Acid utapindika kapena kusweka pakhonde (popanda kukhudza klorini), nthawi yomweyo imaphulika ndikuyika phala la simenti ya calcium carbonate padenga lanu.
• Imirirani ndi kuwaza Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodium Baking Soda) kapena Sodium Carbonate (Dziwe pH Up / Soda Phulusa) mowolowa manja pamwamba pa asidi otayira kuchokera kunja kozungulira mkati. Soda wowotchayo amawomba mwamphamvu chifukwa amasokoneza hydrochloric acid kukhala madzi amchere opanda vuto (NaClndi carbon dioxide (CO2). Zonse zikayima pamene soda yowonjezera yowonjezera iwonjezeredwa, yambani slurry yosasunthika pamtunda ndi payipi ya dimba.

3. Kuyang'ana PVC Pool Plumbing, Matanki Osefera, ndi Mavavu Pambuyo pa Chochitika cha Chlorinator¶

Ngati zomwe zachitika mkati mwa mzere wa chlorinator kapena skimmer line, musamangomamatira chlorinator yatsopano mu chitoliro ndikuyatsanso mpope wa dziwe: - Yang'anani Chongani Valve ndi Chotenthetsera Chamutu: Mpweya wa chlorine wothamanga kwambiri komanso acidic NCl3 thovu wonjezerani chammbuyo (kumtunda) kuchokera ku chlorinator yolowera mkati molunjika mu chotenthetsera chamkuwa kapena chotenthetsera kapunickel ndi thanki yanu yopanikizidwa ya fiberglass mchenga/katiriji. - Muzithira Magazi Vavu Yothandizira Pathanki Yothandizira Mpweya Musanayambitse Pampu: Ngati matumba a mpweya wa chlorine asamukira pamwamba pa thanki yanu yayikulu ya dziwe, kuyambitsa makatani a pampu ya dziwe yamphamvu ya 2-horsepower yomwe inatsekera thumba la mpweya mkati mwa thanki yosefera ya fiberglass kufika 200 mpaka 350 kPa (30 mpaka 50), yomwe imatha kuphulitsa thanki ya PSI. Tsegulani vavu yopumira pamanja pamwamba pa fyuluta yayikulu ya dziwe, imirirani, ndikuyatsa mizere ya zida kuti. WASTE musanayambe kuyendayenda bwino.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Ngati madzi amadzimadzi amatulutsa mpweya wa chlorine, kuphulika, kapena kuyambitsa mpweya kapena kuvulala kwa maso:

• United States ndi Canada: Imbani 911 (onani manambala angozi) nthawi yomweyo ku Dipatimenti ya Moto ** HazMat ** yankho kapena zoyendera ambulansi. Kuti mupeze chiwongolero chosayika moyo mukakhala mumpweya watsopano, imbani Poison Control pa 1-800-222-1222 (US) kapena 1-844-POISON-X / 1-844-764-7669 (Canada). Kusungirako mankhwala a dziwe ndi magulu owopsa a oxidizer amayendetsedwa ndi NFPA 400 (Hazardous Materials Code - Oxidizers), CDC Healthy Swimming / Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC), ndi U.S. EPA/CPSC.
• United Kingdom: Imbani 999 ndikufunsani Fire and Rescue Service (HazMat) ndi Ambulance Service (kapena imbani NHS 111 kuti mupeze malangizo ang'onoang'ono pambuyo powonekera). Chitetezo cha mankhwala a m'madzi amalonda ndi apakhomo amatsatira Health and Safety Executive (HSE) HSG179 (Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools) ndi PWTAG (Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group) malangizo.
• European Union: Imbani 112 pamoto, HazMat, ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala. Chlorine sanitizers ndi biocides amalamulidwa ndi EU Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR 528/2012) ndi CLP Hazard Pictograms (GHS03 Oxidizing, GHS05 Corrosive, GHS06/09 Acute Toxicity).
• Australia ndi New Zealand: Imbani 000 ku Australia kapena 111 ku New Zealand kuti mupeze Moto & Rescue HazMat, kapena imbani Poisons Information Center pa 13 11 26 (Australia) / 0800 764 766 (NZ). Kusamalira mankhwala a pool kumatsatira Safe Work Australia ndi AS/NZS 3633 malangizo.
• India ndi Asia-Pacific: Imbani 112 ku India kapena 119 ku Japan ndi South Korea. Ku Japan, bungwe la Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) ndi Consumer Affairs Agency (CAA) akupereka zovomerezeka "Mazeluna Kiken" ("Danger: Do not Mix" - Chlorine Type + Acidic Type) machenjezo pa zotengera zonse za hypochlorite ndi asidi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Chifukwa chiyani pool chlorinator yanga yapakati idaphulika ndikayika mapiritsi a chlorine kapena kugwedezeka mkati mwake?¶

Ma chlorinators a m'mizere ndi oyandama amapangidwa kuti azisungunuka pang'onopang'ono 3-inch Trichloroisocyanuric Acid ("Trichlor") mapiritsi, omwe ali acidic kwambiri (pH 2.8) ndipo amakhala ndi nayitrogeni. Mwini nyumba akagwetsa mwangozi mapiritsi a Calcium Hypochlorite ("Cal-Hypo") kapena kugwedezeka kwa granular (omwe ali alkaline kwambiri, pH 11.5) mu chodyera cha Trichlor (ngakhale chomwe chikuwoneka chopanda kanthu kupatula pamadzi pang'ono pansi), acidic Trichlor zotsalira ndi zamchere zamchere Cal-Hy2 hydrochloride (Cl-Hy2) imatulutsa madzi nthawi yomweyo. Nitrogen Trichloride (NCl3). Nayitrojeni Trichloride ndi chophulika chosakhazikika, chosagwedezeka chokhudzana kwambiri ndi nitroglycerin; Pakadutsa masekondi pang'ono kutseka chivindikiro cha pulasitiki, kutentha kokwera ndi kupanikizika kumawononga NCl3 ndikuphwanya chlorinator ya PVC muzitsulo zapulasitiki zothamanga kwambiri.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji kusiyana pakati pa Trichlor, Dichlor, ndi Calcium Hypochlorite pa chotengera?¶

Osayang'ana dzina lalikulu lokha ("Pool Shock," "Super Chlorinator," kapena "Chlorine Tabs") kutsogolo kwa ndowa; nthawi zonse werengani bokosi la "Active Ingredient" lomwe lili patsamba lakumunsi lakutsogolo musanatsegule chivindikiro. 1) "Trichloroisocyanuric Acid" (yomwe imatchulidwanso kuti Trichloro-s-triazinetrione, nthawi zambiri 90% Available Chlorine) imagulitsidwa ngati mapiritsi oyera kapena timitengo tomwe timasungunuka pang'onopang'ono. 2) "Sodium Dichloro-s-triazinetrione" ("Dichlor", 56-62% Available Chlorine) imasungunula mwachangu ma granules okhazikika a maiwe ndi ma spas. 3) "Calcium Hypochlorite" ("Cal-Hypo", 65-73% Available Chlorine) ndi wosakhazikika-kusungunuka granular dziwe kugwedezeka kapena wapadera buluu / stamped Cal-Hypo mapiritsi. OSATI sakanizani ziwiri zilizonse za mankhwala atatuwa pamodzi mu ndowa, scoop, skimmer, kapena chlorinator.

Ngati chidebe cha dziwe la chlorine chikayamba kusuta kapena kuphulika pakhonde langa, bwanji ndisalipopera ndi payipi ya dimba?¶

Zotsutsira dziwe zowuma (makamaka Calcium Hypochlorite ndi Trichlor) zimachita modabwitsa ndi madzi ochepa. Ngati chidebe cha chlorine chowuma kapena choyipitsidwa chikusuta, kuombeza, kapena kubwebweta, kupopera payipi mumtsuko kumawonjezera madzi okwanira kunyowetsa ma kilogalamu 10 otsala a ufa wowuma nthawi imodzi, kupangitsa kutentha kwamkati kupitirira 180 digiri Celsius (356 degrees Fahrenheit) mumasekondi pang'ono ndi kuyera-kutentha kwambiri ndi nthunzi. self-oxidizing moto. M'malo mwake, siyani chidebecho chisanakhudzidwe, tulutsani aliyense mmwamba ndi kukwera mtunda osachepera 30 mpaka 45 mamita (100 mpaka 150 mapazi), ndipo muyimbire 911 kuti a Fire Department HazMat crew in Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) akhoza kuchepetsa ndi kusefukira pamtunda wotetezedwa.

Ndinapuma mpweya wa fume la chlorine ndikutsegula makina anga a klorini ndikutsokomola kwa mphindi zisanu, koma tsopano ndikumva bwino. Kodi ndikufunikabe kuwonana ndi dokotala?¶

Inde, aliyense amene adakoka mpweya wa chlorine kapena chloramine wokhazikika ndipo amatsokomola, kutsamwitsidwa, kupuma movutikira, kutentha pachifuwa, kapena kupuma movutikira akuyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi dokotala kapena Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 ku US) ngakhale kutsokomola kutakhala pansi pakatha mphindi 15 mumpweya wabwino. Mpweya wa klorini umapanga hydrochloric ndi hypochlorous acid pokhudzana ndi matumba a mpweya wonyowa (alveoli) mkati mwa mapapo anu; Kuvulala kwamankhwala kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa "gawo lobisika" la maola 2 mpaka 12 pomwe kupsa mtima kwapakhosi kumachepa pomwe madzi a m'magazi amalowa pang'onopang'ono m'mapapo, zomwe zimafika pachiwopsezo cha kuchedwa kwa pulmonary edema patatha maola angapo munthuyo akugona.

Kodi ndingatsuke chodyetsa changa chakale cha piritsi la Trichlor ndi madzi ndikuchigwiritsanso ntchito pamapiritsi a Calcium Hypochlorite?¶

Ayi, ayi. Aliyense wopanga zida zamadzi (Pentair, Hayward, Jandy) ndi CDC / EPA akunena kuti kamodzi pulasitiki yoyandama yotulutsa kapena inline PVC chlorinator yagwira mapiritsi a Trichloroisocyanuric Acid, zotsalira za nitrogenous cyanuric ndi makhiristo a trichlor amakhalabe ophatikizidwa mkati mwa makoma a PVC opindika, mavavu a O-ring ndi ma valve okhazikika. Ngakhale mutatsuka ndi payipi, kusintha chodyetsa cha Trichlor chogwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala mapiritsi a Calcium Hypochlorite kungayambitse kuphulika kwa Nitrogen Trichloride. Mukasintha ma sanitizer chemistries, muyenera kudula ndi kutaya zonse zakale za Trichlor feeder ndikuyika chodyetsa chovomerezeka cha NSF chopangidwira mankhwala amodziwo.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• dziwe losambira mankhwala ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi
• Bleach wothira ammonia kapena vinyo wosasa: chlorine wapoizoni ndi mpweya wa chloramine
• Kuwotcha kwambiri ndi kutulutsa mankhwala thandizo loyamba
• Simenti, konkire yonyowa, kuwotcha kwa mankhwala a alkali, komanso kuwonekera kwa maso
• Cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, ndi gasi wamakampani pokoka mpweya wothandizira woyamba

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) & Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Medical Management Guidelines for Chlorine Gas (Cl2) Exposure & CDC Healthy Swimming Pool Chemical Surveillance Reports.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Chenjezo la Chitetezo cha Mankhwala: Kusungirako Motetezedwa ndi Kusamalira Mankhwala a Posambira a Posambira (Kuteteza Kuphulika kwa Trichlor / Calcium Hypochlorite Nitrogen Trichloride).
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 400): Hazardous Materials Code - Kalasi 1, 2, ndi 3 Oxidizer Storage, Water-Reactivity Thermal Runaway Mechanics, ndi Kupatukana ndi Corrosive Acids.
• U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) & CPSC: Zochitika Zakuseri ndi Municipal Pool Chemical Mixing, Chlorinator Overpressure Ruptures, ndi Upwind Evacuation Protocols.
• UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) & Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group (PWTAG): HSG179 Managing Health and Safety in Swimming Pools - Zosagwirizana ndi Hypochlorite ndi Acid Dosing Safeguards.