Zosiyidwa Zomangamanga Squat kapena Bridge Underpass Structural Collapse, Kusefukira kwa Flash mu Tunnel-Drain Tunnels, ndi High-Water Escape¶

Kufunafuna pobisalira nyengo yoipa, kuzizira, kapena kuseseratu mumsewu mkati mwa msewu wapansi panthaka wa konkriti (flood-control box culvert, monga ngalande zapansi pa nthaka za ku Las Vegas, Phoenix, Los Angeles, San Antonio, Madrid, kapena Tokyo), mlatho wamtsinje wodutsa pafupi ndi concrete abutment shelf), kapena nyumba yomwe yawonongeka ndi moto kapena yowola ndi madzi (vacant factory, unreinforced masonry warehouse, or condemned house squat) imawulula anthu opanda nyumba, ofufuza m'matauni, ndi ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa anthu ku ngozi ziwiri zomwe zikuyenda mwachangu kwambiri m'malo omangidwa: (1) Kusefukira kwa Zero-Chenjezo Kunja kwa Madzi apansi pa nthaka (where a thunderstorm 25 kilometers / 15 miles away in the mountains sends a 2-meter / 6.5-foot wall of water racing through a bone-dry underground tunnel at 25 to 40 km/h / 15 to 25 mph under a clear blue sky), ndi (2) Pancake Mwadzidzidzi kapena V-Void Floor/Roof Collapse pamene zolumikiza matabwa zodzaza ndi madzi, zitsulo zokhala ndi dzimbiri, kapena makoma a njerwa osalimba ayamba kulowa.

Ngati muli mkati mwa mvula yamkuntho yapansi panthaka, mtsinje wa culvert, kapena kuchapa konkire kowuma pakali pano ndipo mukumva phokoso lamtunda wa sitima yonyamula katundu, kununkhiza mwadzidzidzi kwa ozoni / dziko lapansi, kapena kuwona kutsika kwamadzi pansi kusanduka matope ndikukwera ngakhale 2 centimita (3/4 inch), kugwetsa katundu yense wolemetsa ndikutuluka pamwamba kapena kukwera makwerero oyima pafupi pafupi mkati mwa masekondi 60. Imbani nambala yanu yazadzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 ku European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom, 000 ku Australia) kudzera manambala angozi, ndi kufunsa kusefukira kwamadzi, kupulumuka kopanda nyumba komanso kuyesa kwanyengo kwanthawi yayitali, kusesa kwa misasa, kulanda katundu, ndi ufulu wa pokhala,ndi kusowa pokhala mwadzidzidzi: maola 48 oyambirira ndi malo ogona mwadzidzidzi.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. *NGAMULI MKATI MNG'AWO YOTSATIRA MAKULU KAPENA CONCRETE NDIKUMVA KUCHEKERA KWAKUCHEKERA, MUKUMVA MPHEPO YOZIZIRA MWAMWADZI, KAPENA KUONA THWERE LABROWUNI/ZINYANJA ZIKUONEKA: Siyani Zida Zonse Nthawi yomweyo ndikuthamangira ku Manhole Ladder Yapafupi.
2. Osayimitsa kulongedza chikwama chogona, tenti, chikwama, kapena njinga m'kati mwa ngalande yamphepo yamkuntho. Ngalande za konkire zoletsa kusefukira kwa madzi amapangidwa kuti azikhala opanda ma hydraulic chutes: madzi othamanga akafika masentimita 15 (6 inches) chakuya pansi pa konkire yotidwa ndi ndere 3 to 5 meters per second (10 to 16 feet per second), mphamvu yokoka ya hydrodynamic (half of water density multiplied by velocity squared and area) amagwetsa mapazi a munthu wamkulu pansi pawo nthawi yomweyo ndikumangirira pansi pamadzi pazinyalala (bar screens).
3. Ngati simungathe kuthamanga madzi motalika mpaka kukamwa kwa ngalandeyo, KWErani Mmwamba nthawi yomweyo: yang'anani malata kapena makwerero achitsulo oponyedwa m'miyendo ya konkire yoyima ya m'miyendo yotalikirana 90 mpaka 150 mita iliyonse (300 to 500 feet)* padenga la denga, kukwera pamwamba pa chitoliro chachikulu, ndikumangirira nsapato zanu ndikubwerera ku shaft yoyima (or push the street manhole cover up with your legs/shoulders, not your hands).
4. ** NGATI ATAKIKIRIKA PA MLALA WA PANSI PA NKHANI (ABUTMENT SHELF) PAMENE Mtsinje Ukukwera Pansi Panu: Kwerani Kumsewu Wamsewu Madzi Asanafike Kumapazi (Never Wait Until Water Touches the Bridge Girders).**
5. Mtsinje ukasefukira pansi pa msewu waukulu kapena mlatho wa njanji, mitengo yoyandama ndi zinyalala zimagunda pamiyala ya mlatho ndikupanga ** strainer dam**, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi pansi pa mlathowo akwere pamwamba 1.5 metres (5 feet) mumphindi 5 pamene mukupanga chivundikiro chotsika chakufa (hydraulic boil) kuzungulira mizati ya konkire.
6. Pewani mtunda wa konkriti wa riprap (at the 45-degree corner wing-walls of the bridge) paphewa lamsewu wapamwamba nthawi yomweyo, gwedezani tochi yowala kapena nsalu yowoneka bwino pamagalimoto odutsa, ndikuyimba 911 / 112 / 999 ya ** Swiftwater / High-Angle Rope Rescue Team **.
7. ** NGATI MULI M'NYUMBA YOSIYAYIDWA NDIKUMVA KUKHALA KWAMBIRI/KUCHITIKA KWAMBIRI, ONA FUMBIRI LAKUTCHUKA KUCHOKERA KUCHOKERA KUCHOKERA KUCHOKERA KUCHOKERA PA NTCHITO, KAPENA KUMVA KUTI NTCHITO YAPANSI: Tulukani kudzera pa Perimeter Masonry Stairwell (Never the Center of the Floor).**
8. Zomangira zamatabwa zovunda ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi dzimbiri zapadenga zimalephera mu **pakati pa nthawi yoyamba **, kugwetsa pakati pa pansi molunjika m'chipinda chapansi (while the outer edges bolted into the thick exterior brick walls often remain hanging as triangular "Lean-To V-Voids").
9. Kukumbatirani ** njerwa zonyamula katundu zakunja kapena khoma la konkire ** (or an enclosed corner masonry stairwell) pamene mukutuluka; ngati zinyalala ziyamba kugwa musanafike pakhomo, dzimbirini pafupi ndi **mzati wolimba woyimirira wonyamula katundu, khoma la masitepe a konkire, kapena makina olemera a mafakitale ** (which creates a survivable void space) ndi kupindika kukhala mpira wolimba woteteza mutu ndi chifuwa (never lie flat on your stomach where collapsing beams crush your ribcage preventing chest expansion).
10. MUKASEKERERA M’MADZI osefukira WOSAVUTA MKATI M’NJIRA KAPENA MTSINJE: Ganizirani "Defensive Swiftwater Swimming Position" (On Your Back, Feet First Downstream, Toes Up, Sculling With Hands).
11. Musayese kuyimirira m'madzi osefukira ofika m'mawondo kapena m'chiuno: ngati buti yanu imalowa mkati mwa ngolo yomira pansi pamadzi, malo a konkire, kapena stub ("Foot Entrapment"), mphamvu ya panopo nthawi yomweyo ipinda thunthu lanu pansi pamadzi ndikukusungani pamenepo.
12. Yandani kumbuyo kwanu ndi mapazi akulozera kunsi kwa mtsinje (in front of you), mawondo opindika pang'ono, ndi zala zapamtunda** kotero kuti nsapato zanu zimadumphira pamatanthwe a konkriti ndi makoma ngati zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi kulola thupi lanu pa 45-degree angle yabwato kulowera ku banki ya konkire yapafupi kapena makwerero opulumutsira.

Mtengo wosankha: Njira yopulumutsira pompopompo kusefukira kwamadzi, kukwera kwapansi, ndi kugwa kwa squat¶

flowchart TD
    A["Zadzidzidzi Zadzidzidzi kapena Zachigumula mu Storm Drain, Bridge Underpass, kapena Squat Yosiyidwa"] --> B{"Kodi Muli Malo Ati Panopa?"}
    B -->|"1. Mphepo yamkuntho-Kukhetsa Tunnel, Box Culvert, kapena Konkire Kusamba"| C{"Kodi Madzi Akukwera Kapena Mukumva Mkokomo Wakutali / Mukumva Mphepo Yamphepo?"}
    C -->|"Inde: Kutuluka kwa Madzi / Kumveka Kumveka"| D["SIYANI ZONSE ZONSE NTHAWI YOMWEYO: OSAlongedza Tenti Kapena Matumba (Muli ndi <60 mpaka 120 Sekondi Zisanayende)"]
    D --> E{"Kodi Khoma Lotseguka / Khoma Lotsetsereka Mkati mwa 100m Kumtunda / Kumbali?"}
    E -->|"Inde"| F["Tsatirani Pakamwa pa Tunnel kapena Kwerani Khoma Lotsetsereka la Trapezoidal Channel Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mpanda Waunyolo / Malumikizidwe Okulitsa"]
    E -->|"Ayi (Mkati mwa Underground Box Culvert)"| G["KINANI VERTICAL MANHOLE CHIMNEY LADDER NTHAWI YOMWEYO: Kwerani Pamwamba Pa Korona wa Chitoliro, Brace Back Against Shaft, Pound pa Street Manhole Lid with Metal Object & Call 911/112"]
    B -->|"2. Mlatho wa Underpass Ledge / Msasa wa Riverbank"| H["Scrambled Escape kudzera pa 45-Degree Wing-Wall Riprap Slope kupita ku Upper Highway Shoulder Madzi Asanafike Mapazi; Imbani Swiftwater Rescue"]
    B -->|"3. Nyumba Yosiyidwa / Malo Osungiramo Malo Opanda Munthu"| I{"Kodi Pansi Pakugwa, Kuwerama Makoma, Kapena Kung'ambika Padenga?"}
    I -->|"Zizindikiro Zochenjeza Zisanagwe"| J["Tulukani Nthawi Yomweyo: Yendani Pakhoma Lakunja Lokhala ndi Katundu Wozungulira (Osadutsa Pakatikati Pa Pansi Pansi)"]
    I -->|"Kugwidwa M'kati mwa Kugwa Kwachangu / Kutsekeredwa mu Rubble"| K["Kudumphira Pafupi ndi Khoma Lonyamula Katundu Kapena Chigawo Cholemera Chachikulu ('Triangle / Lean-To Void'); Phimbani Pakamwa ndi Shirt Kulimbana ndi Fumbi la Silika / Asibesitosi; Dinani Chitoliro 3 Nthawi Zonse Masekondi 60 aliwonse"]

Chitsanzo 1: Kusefukira kwa madzi m'ngalande zapansi panthaka ndi ngalande zamadzi osefukira¶

M'mizinda kudutsa America Southwest (Las Vegas's 1,000 kilometers / 600 miles of underground flood tunnels managed by the Clark County Regional Flood Control District; Phoenix; Albuquerque; Los Angeles's concrete river channels; San Antonio; Austin; Dallas), Europe, ndi Asia, zikwizikwi za anthu opanda nyumba amakhala mkati 3-mita-by-4-mita (10-by-13-foot) zitsulo zamabokosi za konkire zolimbitsidwa chifukwa zimakhala zoziziritsa ku kutentha kwa 45°C m'chilimwe ndipo zimauma kwa masiku 340 pachaka.

====================================================================================
     ANATOMY OF AN UNDERGROUND STORM-DRAIN FLASH FLOOD ("SURCHARGE PIPE FLOW")
====================================================================================

   [Street Level] ======[Cast-Iron Manhole Cover (50-110 kg)]======
                                    |     |  <-- VERTICAL MANHOLE CHIMNEY SHAFT
                                    |  H  |      - Steel ladder rungs on wall
                                    |  H  |      - SURVIVAL REFUGE: Climb up into
                                    |  H  |        this vertical chimney ABOVE the
   [Tunnel Ceiling] ----------------+  H  +----------------  tunnel ceiling before
      AIR SPACE VANISHES IN 3 MINS  |  H  |                  water fills the pipe.
   ........................................................  <-- Rising Flood Crest
         ---> 25 to 40 km/h (15-25 mph) Debris Wall --->          (Zero Air Pocket
   ========================================================       Once "Surcharged")
   [Slick Algae Concrete Floor: 15 cm (6 in) Fast Water Knocks an Adult Down]
====================================================================================

Zizindikiro 4 zochenjeza za kusefukira kwa madzi akuyandikira (Even Under a Sunny Sky)¶

Chifukwa ngalande za mphepo za mkuntho zimasefukira m’misewu ndi m’mapiri 10 mpaka 30 (makilomita 10 mpaka 30).6 to 20 miles) kumtunda kwa mtsinje, nthawi zambiri simudzawona dontho la mvula kapena kumva bingu pakhomo langalande chigumula chakupha chisanadze. Lowezani izi zinayi zoyambilira:

1. "Mphepo ya Piston" & Fungo la Dziko Lonyowa (3 to 8 Minutes Before the Water Wall):
2. Madzi osefukira akamadzadza mumphangayo wopita kumtunda, amakhala ngati syringe plunger yaikulu ikukankhira mpweya wotuluka kutsogolo kwake kutsika ndi chitoliro. Mukangomva kamphepo kayeziyezi kosalekeza, kozizirira bwino kamene kakuwomba mumsewu womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wokhazikika motsatizana ndi fungo la phula lonyowa, gasi wa ngalande, ndi ozoni, mafunde a kusefukira ali kale mkati mwa chitoliro chakumtunda kwanu.
3. The Acoustic "Subway / Freight-Sitima Rumble" (1 to 4 Minutes Before Impact):
4. Mabokosi a konkriti amakhala ngati mafunde omveka: kugwetsa madzi akugwetsa miyala, ngolo zogulira, ndi matabwa pansi pa konkire kumapangitsa mkokomo wa ** wakuya, wokwera pang'ono ** womwe umamveka mumsewu mphindi zochepa madzi asanatulukire.
5. ** "Zonyansa" & Kuwuka Mwadzidzidzi kwa Makoswe / Makoswe Mmwamba Makoma (30 to 90 Seconds Before the Crest):**
6. Onani ngalande yaying'ono yapakati (invert channel) pansi pa ngalandeyo: nthawi yomweyo phokoso limatembenuka ** chokoleti-bulauni, kuchita thovu, kapena kunyamula ndudu zoyandama ndi masamba **, KAPENA mukuwona ** mazana a mphemvu, akangaude, ndi makoswe akuyenda molunjika m'mbali mwa makoma a konkire kupita kudenga **, kuseri kwa chigumula chachikulu ndi masekondi.
7. Momwe Mungapulumukire Kudzera pa Chimney Choyimirira Msewu Ukadzadza:
8. Yang'anani pamwamba padenga pamene mukuyenda mumtsinje uliwonse wamphepo yamkuntho ndi kuwerengera mayendedwe anu mpaka makwerero apafupi omwe ali pafupi ndi mahole.
9. Ngati mutatsekeredwa pansi ndi madzi okwera, kwerani makwerero achitsulo mpaka kukafika mu chimney chozungulira chozungulira chomwe chili pansi pa msewu.
10. Chenjezo pa Rusty Ladder Rungs: Nthawi zonse sungani malo atatu olumikizirana ndikuyika manja ndi mapazi anu kuthamangira m'mphepete mwakunja kwachitsulo komwe kumalowera kukhoma la konkriti (never in the middle of a corroded rung, where bending stress is highest and rusted steel snaps).
11. Mmene Mungatsegule 70-Kilogram (150-Pound) Chivundikiro cha Khomo la Msewu wa Cast-Iron Kuchokera Pansi: Osayesa kukankhira chibowo chotchinga ndi manja otambasula pamutu panu. Kwerani m'mwamba mokwanira kuti mapewa anu kapena nsapato za nsapato zanu ** (pomwe mukugwedeza nsana wanu molunjika kukhoma la konkire lakumanzere kwa shaft) mutha kuyendetsa mmwamba ndi mphamvu ya mwendo/kumbuyo, KAPENA kupanikizani chitoliro chachitsulo/khwangwala kupyola ziwiri 2.5-centimita (1-inch) mabowo mu chivundikiro chachitsulo ndikugwedezani nsalu yowala kapena nyali yowala mumsewu kuti madalaivala ndi oyenda pansi akuwoneni ndikuyimbira 911.

Nkhani 2: Zowopsa za kugwa kwanyumba mkati mwa nyumba zosiyidwa (Squats), nkhokwe, ndi nyumba zowotchedwa¶

Kwa anthu opanda nyumba omwe akukhala m'nyumba zopanda anthu, mphero zosiyidwa zamafakitale, kapena nyumba zoonongeka ndi moto, kugwa kwanyumba kumayamba chifukwa cha kulowetsa madzi kudzera padenga lodontha (which silently rots wooden floor joists over months) kapena kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa/mvula kumawonjezera kulemera kwa matani olemera pazitsulo zosokonekera.

Momwe mungapulumuke ndikuwonetsa opulumutsa ngati atatsekeredwa pansi pa zinyalala zomanga (USAR Void-Space Survival)¶

Ngati denga lanyumba losiyidwa kapena pansi likugwa musanatuluke: 1. Tetezani Njira Yanu Yoyendera Kupanda Silika, Pulasita, ndi Fumbi la Asbestosi (Seconds 1 to 30): - Kugwa kwamapangidwe kumadzaza mpweya ndi khungu, kufooketsa ** silika wakristalo, matope a laimu, magalasi a fiberglass, ndi fumbi la asibesitosi**. Nthawi yomweyo kola kolala ya T-sheti kapena jekete pamwamba pa mphuno ndi pakamwa pako (breathe through 2 to 4 layers of cloth) ndipo mutseke maso anu mpaka mtambo wafumbi utakhazikika. 2. Musayatse Chopepuka, Match, kapena Propane Heater Pansi pa Rubble: - Nyumba zogwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapaipi ometa gasi (or decaying organic/sewer pockets). Kuyaka moto kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa malo ochepa ndipo kumawononga thumba lanu la oxygen. Gwiritsani ntchito chophimba cha smartphone kapena tochi ya LED mopepuka. 3. ** Gwiritsani ntchito International "3-Tap Acoustic Pipe Signal" (Do NOT Scream Continuously):** - Kukuwa mu zinyalala zafumbi kumathera mpweya wanu, kumachotsa madzi a m'khosi mwako, ndipo kumangodutsa mita imodzi ya konkire. - M'malo mwake, nyamulani chitsulo, chitoliro, kapena thanthwe ndi bang 3 zomveka, zomveka zomveka (TAP - TAP - TAP ... pause ... TAP - TAP - TAP) motsutsana ndi chitoliro chamadzi chachitsulo, chitoliro cha radiator, chitsulo cha I-beam, kapena konkriti masekondi 60 aliwonse. Kugwedezeka kwa mawu kumayenda mtunda wa 50 metres motsatira mapaipi achitsulo osalekeza kupita ku ** FEMA / Fire department Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Delsar seismic/acoustic listening sensors**, ndipo mukamva agalu opulumutsa kapena mawu pamwamba, imitsani kugogoda kwanu kuti mumve kuyimba kwawo ndikubwereza kulamula.

Nkhani 3: Kutentha kwanyengo yozizira/mvula yamkuntho ndi mpweya wa monoxide kumalamulira m'masquats ndi njira zapansi¶

Anthu ochulukirapo omwe akukhala m'nyumba zosiyidwa, makolefu amabokosi, ndi malo odutsa mlatho amafa nthawi yozizira nthawi iliyonse ndi Carbon Monoxide (CO) poyizoni ndi moto wa matiresi kusiyana ndi kugwa kwamapangidwe: - Musamawotche grill yamakala, nkhuni, jenereta, kapena chitofu cha msasa mkati mwa chipinda chosatsegula, m'chipinda chapansi, kapena polowera konkriti: Kuwotcha makala kapena nkhuni zonyowa m'nyumba kumapanga 3,000 mpaka 10,000 ppm wa Carbon Monooxide wopanda fungo (CO), kuchititsa chikomokere chakupha munthu akagona mkati mwa mphindi 20 mpaka 45. - Sungani Njira Ziwiri Zodziyimira Pazokha Zotuluka Momveka (The Squat Fire Rule): Nyumba zopanda munthu zodzaza ndi makatoni, matiresi, ndi ma tarp zimayaka kuchokera kunsonga imodzi ya kandulo kupita ku **chiwombankhanga chonse (600°C / 1,100°F) mkati mwa masekondi 180 **. Osagona m'chipinda momwe mazenera ali otsekedwa ndi zitsulo zotetezera zitsulo kapena atakwera kuchokera kunja ndi plywood pokhapokha mutatsegula zenera lachiwiri / khomo lothawirako ** musanagone ** musanagone.

Nkhani 4: Zowopsa za Hydraulic mlatho, kukwera kwamadzi, ndi madamu otsika ("makina omira")¶

Anthu ogona movutikira komanso othawa kusefukira nthawi zambiri amakhala pashelufu yokhotakhota** mlatho wa konkriti (bridge seat)** molunjika m'mphepete mwa misewu yayikulu kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yam'tawuni. Pomwe mlatho wamsewu waukulu umatchinga mvula yowongoka, msewu wapansi pawokha umakhala mkati mwa msewu wopangidwa mwaluso wa mtsinje kapena ngalande za ngalande:

1. Chifukwa Chake Mitsinje Imakula Kawiri Mofulumira Pansi pa Mlatho (Venturi Constriction & Debris Strainer Dams):
2. Akatswiri opanga mapiko a mtsinjewo anachepetsa mtsinjewo ndi mapiko a konkire kuti afupikitse kutalika kwa mlathowo. Mphepo yamkuntho ikasefukira pansi pa ngalandeyo, kucheperako kumakakamiza madzi kuti afulumire ndi kuwunjikana molunjika (backwater rise) molimbana ndi zibowo za mlatho.
3. Choyipa kwambiri, mtengo woyamba wozulidwa, zinyalala zoyandama, kapena mphasa wamatabwa ugwira cham'mbali pamiyala ya mlatho wa konkriti, zinyalala zonse zakumunsi zimakankhira mumtengowo, ndikupanga Damu lolimba la Zinyalala m'mphindi zomwe zimabwezeretsa madzi osefukira kumtunda wapansi panthaka pomwe mahema amamangidwa.
4. Momwe Mungathawire Makoma Otsika Konkire (Trapezoidal Flood Channels):
5. Ngati mwagwidwa mkati mwa njira yotsetsereka, yotsetsereka ya 45-degree konkriti (such as the Los Angeles River, Las Vegas Wash, or San Antonio River flood tunnels) kumene ndere ndi silt zimapanga konkire yonyowa kukhala yoterera ngati galasi lopaka mafuta:
   • Musayese kuyenda molunjika konkriti yonyowa muzitsulo zonyowa za nsapato za rabara: kukwawa pamiyendo inayi motsatira mipata yolumikizira konkriti yowongoka (spaced every 6 to 9 meters / 20 to 30 feet), zomwe zimapereka kugula kwa chala ndi nsapato, KAPENA gwirani chingwe chapansi cha mpanda wa unyolo wozungulira pamwamba pa tchanelo.
   • The "Backpack Throw-Bag" Kupulumutsidwa Ku Banki: Ngati mnzako wakoseredwa pansi pa njira ya konkire ndipo inu mwaima motetezeka pa banki pamwamba pawo, musalumphepo pambuyo pawo (both of you will be swept away). M'malo mwake, tulutsani theka la zovala zolemera m'chikwama, tsitsani **15-mita (50-foot) nayiloni paracord kapena tarp chingwe ** ku kagwiridwe ka chikwama (leaving one sealed empty plastic 2-liter water bottle or closed sleeping pad inside the pack for buoyancy), gwira kumapeto kwa mchira wa chingwe chokulunga pa mpanda (never tied around your own wrist or waist), ndikuponya chikwama choyandama kumtunda kwa mzawo kuti athe kukumbatira paketiyo pachifuwa chawo ndikulowera kubanki.
6. Kuthawa Damu Lamutu Wochepa kapena Box-Culvert Drop-Off (The "Recirculating Hydraulic Boil"):
7. Kumene mtsinje wapansi panthaka umathira m'beseni lotayira konkriti (or where an urban river drops 1 to 3 meters over a concrete weir / low-head dam), pepala lakugwa lamadzi limagwera pansi ndikumapindikira cham'mbuyo, ndikupanga makina ochapira omangika omizidwanso (hydraulic jump / keeper hydraulic)** imene imakokeranso anthu oyandama m’chinsalu chakugwa chamadzi mobwerezabwereza.
8. **Ngati atagwidwa mu hydraulic yobwerezabwereza pakamwa pa culvert: ** Musati ** musataye mpweya wanu kuyesa kusambira pamwamba pamtunda motsutsana ndi chithupsa chobwerera mmbuyo. M'malo mwake, (a) yesani kugwirira ntchito thupi lanu cham'mbali (laterally) m’mbali mwa bwalo loyang’anizana ndi mapiko a konkire amene mapiko ake amasweka, KAPENA (b) lowetsani mu mpira, dzimira pansi pa konkire pansi molunjika pansi pa nsalu yotchinga yomwe yobiriwira pansi pano imalowera kunsi kwa mtsinje, ndikukankhira pansi mtsinjewo kudutsa chithupsa choyera cha thovu chisanadze.

Kuteteza zikalata zanu za ID, khadi ya EBT, ndi foni mkati mwa msasa womwe umakonda kusefukira¶

Mukachotsa madzi osefukira kapena kugwa kwa squat mumdima, kutaya laisensi yoyendetsa, chiphaso chobadwira, Khadi la Social Security, khadi la SNAP/EBT, ndi foni ya Lifeline mkati mwa hema wosefukira kumapangitsa kuti nyumba yanu ibwererenso pakapita miyezi. Gonani usiku uliwonse ndi maID makadi, EBT khadi, mabotolo amankhwala, ndi foni yotsekedwa m'chikwama chouma chosalowa madzi (or double-zipped quart freezer Ziploc bags) wodulidwa molunjika ku lupu lanu lamba kapena kuvala mkati mwa thumba lapachifuwa pansi pa jekete yanu, osasiyidwa momasuka pansi pa hema.

Thandizo loyamba la kumizidwa kwamadzi osefukira, hypothermia, ndi kuvulala kophwanyidwa¶

Madzi osefukira akumatauni ndi supu yapoizoni ya kusefukira kwa ngalande zaukhondo (CSO), mkodzo wa makoswe (Leptospira), mafuta a galimoto, singano za hypodermic, ndi madzi oundana oundana. Aliyense wokokedwa mumsewu wosefukira kapena ngalande yamtsinje akuyenera: (1) kuvula zovala zonyowa nthawi yomweyo ndikukulunga mabulangete owuma/Mylar kuteteza kuchititsa hypothermia (which strikes even in 20°C / 68°F water), (2) tsukani mabala onse ndi zopala ndi madzi aukhondo a m’botolo + sopo + mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (povidone-iodine) kuteteza **leptospirosis, tetanus, ndi Vibrio / Aeromonas matenda ofewa , n (3) pitani ku dipatimenti yodzidzimutsa kapena chipatala chamankhwala pamsewu ngati madzi osefukira adamezedwa kapena aspirate ("secondary pulmonary injury"). Kutenga manja pa First Aid ndi CPR course kuchokera ku Red Cross kapena St John Ambulance kumakukonzekeretsani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira kumira ndi kupwetekedwa mtima pamaso pa EMS isanafike.

Zadzidzidzi m'madera, kupulumutsa madzi othamanga, ndi malo otetezedwa ndi nyengo yovuta¶

• United States & Canada:
• ** Kusefukira Kwachangu, Kupulumutsidwa kwa Swiftwater, kapena Kugwa Kwa Nyumba: ** Imbani 911 ndikunena momveka bwino: "SWIFTWATER RESCUE NEEDED IN [STORM DRAIN / CHANNEL LOCATION]" kapena "STRUCTURAL BUILDING COLLAPSE WITH PERSON TRAPPED AT [ADDRESS]"(so dispatch sends Technical Rescue / USAR and Swiftwater boats rather than a single patrol car).
• 24/7 Malo Ogona Panyengo Yadzidzidzi & Kutumiza Kwa Van Outreach: Imbani 211 (kapena 311 ku NYC, Chicago, LA, SF, Toronto). Munthawi ya Ulonda wa Chigumula, Machenjezo Oundana, kapena zidziwitso za Code Blue/Code Red, magulu ofikira anthu akumatauni (such as HELP of Southern Nevada's tunnel outreach team in Las Vegas, LAHSA ERT in Los Angeles, or DHS Outreach in NYC) perekani zoyendera mwadzidzidzi kupita kumalo owuma opanda zotchinga za ID.
• United Kingdom & European Union:
• Zowombola Zadzidzidzi & Zaukadaulo: Imbani 999 (UK) kapena 112 (EU).
• Kutumiza kwa Anthu Ogona Mwadzidzidzi: Ku UK, lemberani StreetLink (thestreetlink.org.uk) kapena khonsolo yapafupi SWEP (Severe Weather Emergency Protocol) madesiki a nyumba; ku France, imbani 115 (SAMU Social 24/7 mzere wachitetezo wadzidzidzi wadzidzidzi).
• Australia:
• Chigumula Chadzidzidzi / Apolisi / Opulumutsa Moto: Imbani 000; State Emergency Service (SES Kupulumutsidwa kwa Madzi osefukira ndi Mkuntho): Imbani 132 500.
• Pa manambala angozi m'maiko opitilira 190, funsani manambala angozi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi ngalande ya mkuntho ya pansi pa nthaka ingasefukire bwanji yokhala ndi khoma la madzi okwana mapazi 6 pamene kunja sikukugwa mvula?¶

Ngalande za mkuntho wa konkire ndi ngalande zoletsa kusefukira kwa madzi zimakhala ngati ngalande zazikulu zotengera madzi amvula m'misewu yopangidwa ndi miyala ndi mapiri pamtunda wa makilomita 15 mpaka 30 (makilomita 10 mpaka 20). Mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa yodutsa m'mapiri akutali imatumiza malita mamiliyoni ambiri a madzi othamanga pansi pa mapaipi a konkriti opanda mikangano pa 25 mpaka 40 km/h (15 mpaka 25 mph), kukafika pansi pa thambo la dzuŵa popanda mvula yam'deralo. Ngati muli mumsewu ndipo mukumva mphepo yozizira mwadzidzidzi, kununkhiza dothi, kumva phokoso la sitima yapamtunda yotsika, kapena kuona pansi kukusanduka matope, kugwetsa zinthu zonse ndikutuluka kapena kukwera pa makwerero oyima pa masekondi 60.

Chifukwa chiyani sindiyenera kuyesa kuyimirira kapena kuyenda ndikagwa m'madzi osefukira ofika m'mawondo?¶

Kusuntha madzi ozama masentimita 15 (6 mainchesi) akhoza kugwetsa munthu wamkulu kumapazi awo, ndipo kuyesa kuyika mapazi anu pansi pamadzi ofika m'mawondo kapena m'chiuno kumapanga ngozi yakupha "Kutsekera Mapazi". Ngati buti kapena bondo lanu likugwira mkati mwa kabati, rebar stub, cholumikizira konkriti, kapena ngolo yogulitsira, mphamvu yayikulu yapano imakankhira pachifuwa ndi mutu wanu pansi pamadzi ndikumakani pamenepo. Nthawi zonse muziyandama kumbuyo kwanu ndi miyendo yanu yolozera kunsi kwa mtsinje kutsogolo kwanu ndi zala zanu mmwamba pafupi ndi pamwamba kuti mutulutse zopinga pamene mukuyang'ana madigiri 45 ku banki.

Kodi malo abwino kwambiri osunthira ndi kuti ngati nyumba yosiyidwa iyamba kung'ambika kapena kugwa ndili mkati?¶

M'nyumba zakale za njerwa ndi matabwa, zomangira zowola kapena zodzaza pansi nthawi zonse zimayambira pakatikati pa chipindacho, kugwetsa pansi molunjika m'chipinda chapansi pomwe mbali zakunja zomangika pamakoma ozungulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomangika ngati "Lean-To V-Voids." Nthawi yomweyo sunthani pansi pakatikati ndikukumbatira khoma lokhala ndi katundu wakunja, khomo lopindika, kapena masitepe apakona otsekedwa. Ngati zinyalala ziyamba kugwa musanatuluke, dzimbirirani pafupi ndi ngodya yolimba yonyamula katundu kapena mzati wolemetsa, pindani kukhala mpira wothina kuti muteteze nthiti yanu, ndipo kokerani malaya anu pamphuno ndi pakamwa pa fumbi.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli koopsa kunyamula mtengo wolemetsa umene unagwa kuchokera m'miyendo ya munthu ngati wapanikizidwa kwa maola oposa awiri?¶

Pamene mwala wolemera wa konkire kapena mtengo wamatabwa uphwanya ndi kukhoma miyendo ya munthu kapena chiuno kwa ola lopitirira 1 mpaka 2, maselo a minofu yomwe ili ndi njala ya okosijeni imasweka ndi kusunga potaziyamu, myoglobin, ndi asidi wakupha m'miyendo. Ngati opulumutsa mwadzidzidzi agwedeza miyendo yake popanda opereka chithandizo, potaziyamu yomwe yatsekeredwa imathamangira pamtima ndikuyambitsa kumangidwa kwa mtima mkati mwa masekondi 60, mwadzidzidzi kuchipatala komwe kumadziwika kuti "Crush Syndrome" kapena kumangidwanso. Pokhapokha ngati moto kapena kukwera kwa madzi osefukira kukakamiza kuyenda nthawi yomweyo, itanani 911 ndikusunga mtandawo kuti ukhale wokhazikika mpaka azachipatala afika kudzapereka madzi a IV ndi mankhwala oteteza mtima asananyamuke.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kupulumuka kopanda nyumba komanso kuyesa kwanyengo kwanthawi yayitali
• Kusowa pokhala mwadzidzidzi: maola 48 oyambirira ndi malo ogona mwadzidzidzi
• Kusesa kwa misasa, kulanda katundu, ndi ufulu wa pokhala
• Madzi osefukira
• Kuwonongeka kwamapangidwe ndi kugwa