Kuphika Mwadzidzidzi Panthawi Yotha Mphamvu: Chifukwa Chake Makala ndi Sitovu Zamsasa Zimapha M'nyumba¶

Nthawi zonse mkuntho waukulu wa ayezi m'nyengo yozizira, kuzimitsa kwa mphepo yamkuntho, ndi kulephera kwa gridi yamagetsi, madipatimenti owopsa azachipatala amasefukira ndi mabanja omwe akudwala kwambiri ** carbon monoxide (CO) poyizoni** ndi kuyatsa moto chifukwa chobweretsa zipangizo zophikira panja m'nyumba. Ngati wina m’banja mwanu ayamba kumva kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, nseru, chisokonezo, kapena kugona pamene akuphika kapena kutenthetsa pamene magetsi azimitsidwa, kapena ngati alamu ya carbon monoxide yalira, chotsani aliyense ndi ziweto zonse mumpweya wabwino wakunja nthawi yomweyo ndikuimbira foni nambala yanu yazadzidzi911, 112, kapena 999) kudzera mwathu manambala angozi directory. Komanso funsani malangizo athu pa carbon monoxide poizoni, mafuta akukhitchini ndi moto wophikira,ndi kusungirako chakudya chokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukonza ma calorie.

Kumvetsetsa ** chifukwa chiyani mafuta akunja amapha m'nyumba ** ndi ** ndi njira ziti zophikira zadzidzidzi zomwe zimapangidwira ndikulembedwa zachitetezo (UL / CSA / EN) kuti mugwiritse ntchito patebulo lamkati ** imalola banja lanu kuwiritsa madzi, kuphika zakudya zotentha, ndi kutentha chakudya cha ana akhanda mosamala pamene gridi yamagetsi yazimitsa kwa masiku angapo: 1. Ma briquette amakala, nkhuni, propane (LPG) masitovu amsasa, gasi woyera (naphtha) masitovu onyamula katundu, ndi masitovu a palafini amapanga milingo yambiri yosaoneka ya Carbon Monooxide yosanunkha.CO). Ngakhale kupsereza kamoto kakang'ono ka makala amoto mkati mwa garaja kapena khitchini yokhala ndi zenera losweka kumapanga 1,000 to 5,000+ parts per million (ppm) za CO, ndende yomwe imayambitsa kutaya chidziwitso ndi imfa mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30 chifukwa carbon monoxide imamangiriza ku hemoglobin yamagazi ndi ** 200 mpaka 250 nthawi yogwirizana kwambiri kuposa mpweya **, njala ya ubongo ndi minofu ya mtima.carboxyhemoglobinemia). 2. Kuphikira kotetezedwa m'nyumba popanda gridi kumadalira njira zinayi zosatulutsa mpweya wochepa kapena ziro: (A) **Diethylene Glycol (DEG) zitini zowotcha mafuta ** kapena gelled ethanol (Sterno) zitini zowotchedwa mkati mwa chotengera chachitsulo chotchinga; (B) Zovoteledwa m'nyumba (CSA / ANSI Z21.72 kapena UL) sitovu ya butane ya kaseti yoyaka imodzi yokhala ndi zodziwikiratu Over-Pressure Shutoff (klzzwxh:02) chowongolera chitetezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito mukhitchini yolowa mpweya; (C) **Zophikira zopangira magetsi, ma microwave, kapena ma ketulo amagetsi ** zoyendetsedwa ndi LiFePO4 chonyamula magetsi (zero emissions); ndi (D) Flameless Ration Heaters (FRHs) ndi mpweya wabwino wa hydrogen-gas.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. OSATI bweretsani grill yamakala, chowotcha nkhuni, propane yakunja (LPG) barbecue, chitofu choyatsira moto, chowotcha, kapena chitofu choyika gasi choyera mkati mwa nyumba yanu, chipinda chapansi, garaja, hema, kapena khonde lotsekedwa, ngakhale mazenera kapena zitseko za garage zitseguke. Gwiritsani ntchito masitovu onse akunja a propane, makala, ndi mafuta amadzimadzi ** kunja kokha, zoyikidwa panja.3 to 6 meters (10 to 20 feet) kutali* ndi mazenera, zitseko, ndi zolowera mpweya.
2. klzzwxh:0143 samaphike ndi malawi amoto m'nyumba pamene mukuzimitsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito batire. CO chodziwira chomwe chikukhala kukhitchini mkati mwa 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) ya malo anu ophikira. Ngati chithunzi cha digito chikafika 25 to 35 ppm, zimitsani chowotcha nthawi yomweyo ndikutsegula mawindo awiri olowera mpweya.
3. Ngati muli ndi malo okhalamo gasi kapena khitchini ya propane yokhala ndi zoyatsira pamwamba, yatsani zoyatsira pamwamba pamanja ndi choyatsira chachitali cha piezo (MUSAMAgwiritse ntchito uvuni wa gasi kapena broiler kuti mutenthetse nyumba yanu). Pamalo ophikira gasi ambiri, zoyatsira pamwamba zimatha kuyatsa pamanja nthawi yazimitsa pogwiritsira ntchito choyatsira choyatsa kapena kuyatsa choyatsira choyamba ndikuyatsa pakhosi koma kuyatsa koyambira. LITE / LOW. (Kupatulapo: Magasi ena atsopano amtundu wamalonda ali ndi valavu yamagetsi yotsekeka ya solenoid yomwe imatchinga kuyenda kwa mpweya pamene mphamvu ya AC yazimitsidwa; ngati simumva kapena kununkhiza mpweya mkati mwa masekondi 3, tembenuzirani kuyimba OFF nthawi yomweyo).
4. *Kuthyola zenera lakukhitchini 2.5 to 5 centimeters (1 to 2 inches) nthawi zonse mumagwiritsa ntchito poyatsira gasi, chitofu cha m'nyumba cha butane, kapena chitini cha Sterno/chafing pamene magetsi azimitsidwa. Mphamvu zamagetsi zikazimitsidwa, fani yakukhitchini yanu sigwira ntchito. Kuthyola zenera kumapereka okosijeni watsopano (O2) kotero lawi limayaka buluu (complete combustion to CO2 and H2O) m'malo mosanduka chikasu/lalanje ndi kupanga poizoni CO.
5. ** Sungani a Class K kapena ABC Chozimitsira Moto cha Chemical Wowuma NDI chivindikiro cha mphika chachitsulo chothina chomwe chili pafupi ndi mkono wa chitofu chanu chadzidzidzi.* Musamaike chitofu chonyamulika pansalu yoyaka moto patebulo, pafupi ndi matawulo a mapepala, kapena pamwamba pa chitofu chamagetsi chagalasi chomwe kutentha kungaphwanyire galasi kapena kusungunula mapulasitiki a microwave.
6. Ikani patsogolo zakudya zomwe zimafuna nthawi yochepa yowira (no-cook nyama zamzitini/nyemba, oats nthawi yomweyo, couscous, ramen, matumba owumitsidwa) ndikuphika mumphika wotenthedwa wotsekedwa ("Wonderbag" / thaulo lokulungidwa ndi uvuni waku Dutch). Kubweretsa mphika pamoto. 1-minute wiritsani ndikuziyika mu bokosi lotsekeredwa ndi thaulo ndikumaliza kuphika mpunga, pasitala, kapena mphodza ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwinaku mukuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya wanu wamkati ndi 70 peresenti.

Mtengo wosankha: Kusankha njira yophikira yotetezeka panthawi yamagetsi¶

Tsatirani ndondomeko yachitetezo iyi kuti musankhe njira yophikira yotetezeka kwambiri potengera zida za m'nyumba mwanu, nyengo, ndi mpweya wabwino.

flowchart TD
    Outage["Kutha kwa Mphamvu: Kufunika Kutenthetsa Chakudya, Kuwiritsa Madzi, kapena Fomula la Ana Ofunda"] --> WeatherCheck{"Kodi Ndi Bwino Kutuluka Panja Pakhonde, Pabwalo, Kapena Khonde Lotsegula (Palibe Mphepo Zamkuntho, Blizzard, kapena Toxic Plume)?"}
    WeatherCheck -->|"INDE: Otetezeka Panja"| OutdoorCook["PIKANI PANJA PANJA ZOKHA (3 mpaka 6 Mamita / 10 mpaka 20 Mapazi Kuchokera Kumanga): Gwiritsani Ntchito Panja Propane Camp Stove, BBQ Grill, Rocket Stove, kapena White-Gas Stove Panja -> Bweretsani Zakudya Zophika Mkati"]
    WeatherCheck -->|"AYI: Ayenera Kuphikira M'nyumba"| PowerStationCheck{"Kodi Muli Ndi LiFePO4 Yoyimitsa Mphamvu Yonyamula Mphamvu (1,000 mpaka 2,000+ Wh yokhala ndi 1,500W mpaka 1,800W Inverter)?"}
    PowerStationCheck -->|"INDE: Mphamvu ya Battery Ikupezeka"| ElectricCook["KUPHEKA KWA ELECTRIC KWA ZERO-EMISSION INDOOR: Gwiritsani Ntchito Ketulo Yamagetsi ya 1,000W (6 Mins = 100 Wh), 700W-1,000W Microwave, kapena Single-Burner Induction Cooktop Pakatikati (800W)"]
    PowerStationCheck -->|"NO: Ayenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta M'nyumba"| GasRangeCheck{"Kodi Nyumba Yanu Ili ndi Pipi Yophikira Ya Gasi Yachilengedwe / LP Yomwe Imaloleza Kuwunikira Pamanja?"}
    GasRangeCheck -->|"INDE: Surface Burners Kuwala Pamanja"| ManualGas["Zenera la Kitchen 2.5 mpaka 5 masentimita (1 mpaka 2 mkati) -> Malo Odziwira Battery CO Pamlingo wa Maso -> Zoyatsira Zowala Pamwamba Pokha (MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO Ovuni ya Gasi Kutentha Mzipinda)"]
    GasRangeCheck -->|"NO: Nyumba Yamagetsi Onse"| IndoorFuel["GWIRITSANI NTCHITO ZOKHA ZONSE ZOVUMBIKITSIDWA ZA NYANJA ZAMKATI PAMODZI NDI CO DETECTOR & ZENERA LOKWERIKA: (1) Diethylene Glycol / Ethanol Chafing Cans (Sterno) mu Metal Stand, (2) CSA/UL Indoor Butane Cassette Stove, kapena (3) Flameless Helena (H)"]

Gawo 1: Comprehensive Indoor vs. Outdoor Emergency Cooking Fuel Safety Comparison¶

Sikuti mafuta onse a hydrocarbon ndi mowa amawotcha mofanana. Kaya chitofu ndi chotetezeka kugwira ntchito mkati mwakhitchini (yokhala ndi zenera long'ambika ndi a CO alamu) zimatengera ** kuyaka bwino (CO-ku-CO2 chiŵerengero)**, kuthamanga kwa nthunzi (flash-fire leak risk), ndi **chidebe chamafuta chitetezo chamafuta **:

Gawo 2: Mpweya wa Monooxide (CO) Zoyambira ndi Zofunikira Zowunikira Pophika¶

Chifukwa mphamvu za munthu sizitha kuwona, kununkhiza, kapena kulawa mpweya wa carbon monoxide (CO), muyenera kuchitira chowunikira choyendera batri cha Carbon Monoxide Detector ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chophikira m'khitchini nthawi yazimitsidwa.

1. Chifukwa Chake Nyumba Yokhazikika CO Ma Alamu Amamveka Mochedwa Kwambiri (Ndi Chifukwa Chake Mukufunikira Digital PPM Chiwonetsero)¶

eni nyumba ambiri samazindikira kuti muyezo UL 2034 / EN 50291 Alamu yapanyumba ya carbon monoxide (yomwe ili ndi nyali yofiyira yokha komanso yowulira, yopanda manambala a digito) idakonzedwa mwadala ndi lamulo OSATI kuti imveke alamu pansipa. 30 ppm kwa masiku 30, ndi ku 70 ppm imayembekezera 60 to 240 minutes (1 mpaka 4 hours) isanamveke zake 85-decibel nyanga:

2. Komwe Mungayike Zonyamula Anu CO Detector Pamene Mukuphika¶

• OSATI kusiya CO chodziwira chokha padenga la chipinda chogona 15 meters (50 feet) Pansi pa holoyo: Pamene utsi wophika umalowa mumsewu wozizira ndikuyambitsa alamu yapadenga pa 70 ppm patatha maola awiri, munthu amene waima pamwamba pa chitofu kukhitchini akupuma kale 150+ ppm.
• Lamulo la Mulingo wa Diso / Kupuma-Zone: Mpweya wa carbon monoxide (Molecular Weight = 28.01 g/mol, Vapor Density = 0.967) ali ndi pafupifupi kuchulukira kofanana ndendende ndi mpweya wakuchipinda (28.97 g/mol) ndipo imadzuka poyambira ndi mpweya wotentha kuchokera ku chitofu musanasakanize molingana pautali wopumira. Ikani digito yanu yoyendetsedwa ndi batri CO kuwunika ** pamlingo wamaso / tebulo (1.0 to 1.5 meters / 3 to 5 feet kuchokera pansi), pafupifupi 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) kutali ndi chitofu** (osati mwachindunji pa nthunzi ya mphika wowira, monga 100% kufewetsa nthunzi kumatha kuipitsa ma electrochemical sensor cell).

Gawo 3: Ma Protocol Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mozama a 4 Safe Indoor Emergency Cooking Systems¶

1. Dongosolo A: Diethylene Glycol (DEG) & Ethanol Chafing Fuel Cans (Sterno)¶

Zopangira zopangira ma buffeti a m'nyumba zapaphwando la m'mahotela ndi ngolo zapachipinda, mafuta oyaka zam'zitini ndi otetezeka, otsika mtengo kwambiri ($2 to $3 per can), mafuta ophikira omwe amasungidwa kwautali kwambiri m'nyumba ndi m'nyumba panthawi yamagetsi: - Wick-Type Diethylene Glycol (DEG) Zitini (monga Sterno Green 6-Hour Wick Can kapena Hollowick HD): - Muli 100% Diethylene glycol madzi opangidwa ndi fiberglass kapena thonje. - Shelf Life: Zitini zosatsegulidwa zimatha 5 to 10+ yearschifukwa DEG sichimatuluka nthunzi mwachangu kapena kupatukana ngati ma gelisi a mowa. - Chifukwa Chake Ozimitsa Moto Amakonda DEG Wick Cans Indoor: Madzi DEG ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba (143°C / 290°F): ngati muponya machesi woyatsa mwachindunji mumadzimadzi DEG popanda chingwe, machesi amatha. Ngati chiweto kapena mwana agwetsa chitinicho patebulo, pamwamba pachitsulo chosindikizidwa chimateteza thambi lamoto ndipo chingwecho chimazimitsa chokha. - Mmene Mungawiritsire Madzi Mofulumira ndi Zitini za Wick: Chingwe chabafeti kamodzi chimakonzedwa kuti chitenthe pang'ono (-800 BTU/hr). Kuwira 500 mL (2 cups) wa madzi mwachangu khofi, chakudya chowumitsidwa, kapena msuzi, malo ** awiri DEG zitini zazingwe mbali ndi mbali** pansi pa chitofu chopindika cholemera cha aluminiyamu cha Sterno kapena choyimitsa mawaya chokhala ndi chivindikiro pa mphika wanu. - Makani a Ethanol Othira Mafuta (monga Sterno Pinki/Green 2-Our Cooking Gel): - Amapanga moto wotentha kwambiri (-1,500 to 1,800 BTU/hr) opangidwa makamaka kuti azipinda msasa masitovu, otentha 500 mL wa madzi mu 8 to 10 minutes. - Lamulo Lozimitsa Motetezedwa: Osawombeza pachitini choyaka cha Sterno (kuwomba kumatha kuwaza madontho a gel oyaka). M'malo mwake, lowetsani chivundikiro chachitsulo chathyathyathya (kapena pansi pa mbale yachitsulo) chopingasa pamwamba pa chitini kuti mudule mpweya; lawi limafa mu 1 sekondi. Dikirani mphindi 15 kuti chitsulo chizizire bwino musanachigwire kapena kutsekereza kapuyo.

2. Dongosolo B: Makaseti Owotchera Amodzi Omwe Ali M'nyumba A Butane Stovu (8 oz / 227 g Zitini)¶

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pa matebulo odyera m'nyumba ku Japan (Iwatani), South Korea, ndi North America podyera mphika wotentha, Cassette Butane Stove yonyamula 7,000 to 12,000 BTU/hr (2,000 to 3,500 Watts wa kutentha kwa kutentha), kufanana ndi choyatsira choyatsira gasi chokhalamo. - Momwe Mungatsimikizire Kuti Sitovu Yanu ya Butane Ndi Yovomerezeka Kuti Igwiritsidwe Ntchito M'nyumba: - Yang'anani pa mbale yachitsulo yomwe yayikidwa mkati kapena pambali pa chitofu. Iyenera kunyamula CSA (ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2), UL, kapena CE/JIA certification chizindikiro ndipo imakhala ndi magawo awiri a Over-Pressure Shutoff (OPSO / Kazembe Wachitetezo Wowona Kupanikizika) yomwe imangotulutsa chitini cha butane kuchokera pa pini yowongolera ngati kukakamiza kwa chitini chamkati kukupitilira 4 to 6 bar (60 to 85 PSI). - Komanso, amakonda 8 oz (227 g) zitini za butane zosindikizidwa ndi UL Listed ndi CRV (Countersink Release Vent / Kutulutsidwa kwa Rim Vent RVR) m'mphepete mwa mkombero wapamwamba wa msoko zitatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwambiri kutuluke bwino m'malo mong'amba khoma la chitini. - Malamulo 5 Ovomerezeka a Butane Cassette Stove Safety: 1. Musagwiritse ntchito poto, wok, kapena chitsulo chachitsulo cha Dutch uvuni (> 24 cm / 9.5 inches diameter) yomwe imapachikika pachivundikiro cha chitofu chamafuta chakumanja. Ziwaya zomwe zikutsatika zimanyezimira kunsi kwa chitofu chopyapyala cha aluminiyamu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphulika kwa chitofu cha butane padziko lonse lapansi. 2. Osayika masitovu awiri a butane mbali ndi mbali (keep at least 40 cm / 16 inches apart), ndipo musamaike chitofu cha butane pamwamba pa choyatsira moto chofunda. 3. ** Tsimikizirani kuti lawilo ndi 100% Crisp Blue:** Ngati nsonga za lawi lamoto zisanduka zachikasu kapena lalanje, mpweya wa m'chipindacho ukutsika (kutsegula zenera mokulira) kapena chophatikizira cha air-fuel venturi pansi pamutu wamoto chimatsekedwa ndi ulusi wa akangaude/mafuta (kuyimitsani ndikuyeretsa, ngati lawi lachikasu la butane limatulutsa zoopsa. CO). 4. Chotsani Chingwe cha Canister (UNLOCK / EJECT) Mukangotha Chakudya Chilichonse: Osasiya chotchinga chakutsogolo chikanikizidwa (LOCK / ENGAGED) mukamaliza kuphika. Kutembenuza lever mpaka UNLOCK imatulutsa butane yodzaza ndi masika kuchokera mu valavu yowongolera kuti zero mpweya uzitha kutuluka mkati mwakhitchini yanu usiku wonse. 5. Kuchepetsa kwanyengo yachisanu ku Butane (0°C / 32°F Boiling Point): Koyera n-butane imasiya kusungunuka -0.5°C (+31°F) (ndikutsika mpaka kupsinjika kofooka pansipa +5°C / 41°F). Ngati nyumba yanu yataya kutentha m'nyengo yozizira ya blizzard ndipo kutentha kwamkati kumatsika pafupi ndi kuzizira, canister wamba wa butane amataya mphamvu. Sungani chitini chanu chotsalira cha butane m'thumba lamkati lamkati kwa mphindi 20 kuti mutenthetse ndi kutentha kwa thupi musanaphike (**musatenthetse chitoliro cha butane ndi lawi lamoto, chitofu, kapena madzi otentha **).

3. Dongosolo C: Flameless Ration Heaters (FRHs / MRE Ma Heaters) & Makatani a Calcium Oxide Self-Heating¶

• Momwe Ma Heater a MRE Flameless Ration Amagwirira ntchito: Kapepala kakang'ono ka pulasitiki kodzaza ndi ufa wosalala ** Magnesium-Iron alloy (95% Mg, 5% Fe) ndi mchere (NaCl)** imachita mochititsa mantha mukathira **30 mL (1 ounce) wa madzi wamba ** mpaka kudzaza mzere, kupanga 100°C (212°F) nthunzi mkati mwa manja a makatoni kwa 12 minutes popanda lawi lililonse kapena carbon monoxide.
• Gasi wa haidrojeni (H2) Lamulo: Chifukwa momwe ma chemical reaction (\(\text{Mg} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{Mg(OH)}_2 + \text{H}_2\uparrow\)) amamasula pafupifupi **4.5 liters wa gasi woyaka wa hydrogen woyaka pathumba lililonse **, nthawi zonse yambitsani ma FRH pafupi ndi **zenera long'ambika **, **musatsegule matumba opitilira 2 nthawi imodzi mchipinda chaching'ono **, ndi sungani machesi onse, zoyatsira, ndi zoyaka moto. Chakudyacho chikatentha, ikani kathumba kotentha kunja kuti kazizire musanataye.

4. Dongosolo D: Kuphika Kotentha Kwambiri ("The Haybox / Wonderbag / Towel Cooler Trick")¶

Kodi mumaphika bwanji mpunga wouma (20 minutespasitala), pasitala (12 minutes), oatmeal, kapena mphodza pogwiritsa ntchito 2 mphindi zokha zamafuta achitovu? 1. Ikani madzi anu ndi mpunga / pasitala / mphodza mumphika wolemera wachitsulo wokhala ndi chivindikiro cholimba. 2. Bweretsani mphika ku ** chithupsa chowirikiza kwa mphindi imodzi 1 to 2 minutes** pa chitofu chanu cha Sterno, choyatsira cha butane, kapena mbale yolowetsa yamagetsi kuti kutentha kwa madzi ndi mphika wachitsulo kufika 100°C (212°F). 3. Zimitsani chitofu ZImitsani nthawi yomweyo (kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya wamkati ndi 75% to 85%). 4. Manga mphika wotentha wokhala ndi chivindikiro mu 100% thonje yosambitsira thaulo (osapanga ubweya wopangidwa molunjika ku mphika wotentha) ndikuyika mkati mwa chifuwa chozizirira cholimba cha ayezi* (kapena chitsekereni m'chikwama chogona / katoni yodzaza pilo) ndikutseka chivindikiro chozizira cha 20 to 40 minutes. 5. Chifukwa madzi mkati mwa chidebe chotsekedwa amakhala pakati 85°C and 98°C (185°F and 208°F) kwa ola limodzi, zowuma za gelatinize ndi zomanga thupi zimaphika kwathunthu ndi **ziro mafuta owonjezera awotcha **.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Ngati wina awonetsa zizindikiro za poizoni wa carbon monoxide (mutu, chizungulire, nseru, chisokonezo, khungu lofiira kapena lotumbululuka, kapena kukomoka) kapena akupsa ndi moto pa nthawi ya mdima, tulukani kupita ku mpweya wabwino ndipo funsani achipatala mwamsanga:

• ** United States: ** Imbani ** 911 ** kuti mutumize moto / EMS mwamsanga (100% oxygen administration), kapena imbani US Poison Control pa 1-800-222-1222. Tsatirani malangizo ochokera ku US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), NFPA, CDC, ndi FEMA (Ready.gov). Zogona CO ma alarm ayenera kukwaniritsa **UL 2034 **; masitovu onyamula a m'nyumba a butane ayenera kukumana ndi CSA / ANSI Z21.72.
• Canada: Imbani 911 kapena Poison Control pa 1-844-POISON-X (1-844-764-7669). Tsatirani Health Canada ndi CSA Group mfundo zachitetezo pazida zonyamula mafuta (CSA B149 / CSA 11.2).
• United Kingdom: Imbani 999 kapena 112 kuti mupeze ambulansi yadzidzidzi / ntchito yamoto, kapena imbani ** National Gas Emergency Service ku 0800 111 999** ngati mukumva kutulutsa mpweya. Tsatirani UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) ndi Kaundula Wotetezedwa wa Gasi chitsogozo chophikira chakuda. CO ma alarm ayenera kunyamula BS EN 50291 (Kitemark).
• European Union: Imbani nambala yadzidzidzi yapadziko lonse lapansi 112. Zipangizo zamagesi zam'manja ziyenera kutsata EU Gas Appliances Regulation (GAR (EU) 2016/426) ndiEN 521, ndi CO zowunikira ziyenera kutsatira EN 50291-1.
• Australia ndi New Zealand: Imbani 000 (Australia) kapena 111 (New Zealand), kapena imbani Poisons Information pa 13 11 26 (AU) / 0800 764 766 (NZ). Ku Australia, zophikira za "lunchbox" za "butane" zonyamula ziyenera kutsatira AS 2658 ndikunena kuti Malamulo otsimikizira za Energy Safe Victoria / Fair Trading NSW (machitovu akale a bokosi lodyera limodzi opanda mavavu apawiri ndi oletsedwa).
• India ndi Asia-Pacific: Ku India, imbani 112 pazadzidzi zachipatala/zamoto kapena 1906 ya 24x7 LPG Emergency Leak Helpline. Ku Japan (kumene kaseti butane Konro masitovu ndi zida wamba za zivomezi), tsimikizirani **PSLPG (JIA) chizindikiro cha diamondi chachitetezo **. Onani chikwatu chathu chonse chapadziko lonse lapansi pa manambala angozi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi ndingathe kuwotchera briquette pamoto wanga mkati mwa nyumba ngati choyimitsira chotchinga chamoto chili chotsegula?¶

Akuluakulu ozimitsa moto ndi **CDC/EPA akuchenjeza mwamphamvu za kuwotcha briquettes zamakala mkati mwa nyumba yoyaka moto.`chimney draw`) kumakoka utsi m'chitoliro, matumba amakala amayaka pang'onopang'ono komanso kuwongolera pang'ono pomwe akupanga mpweya wochuluka wa carbon monoxide (`CO`). Popanda chiwopsezo chokokera mpweya ku chitoliro chozizira cha chimney, mitsinje yolemera ya carbon monoxide yopanda fungo imatayika mosavuta kuchokera pamoto ndikulowera mchipinda chanu chochezera. Osawotcha makala paliponse m'nyumba, powotchera moto, kapena m'galaja.

Kodi ndingaphikire mkati mwa garaja yanga yolumikizidwa ngati nditsegule chitseko chachikulu cha garaja njira yonse?¶

Ayi. Malingana ndi **CDC, CPSC, ndi NFPA** kufufuza kwa imfa ya pambuyo pa ngozi, kugwiritsa ntchito grill yamakala, chitofu cha propane camp, turkey fryer, kapena jenereta mkati mwa garaja yotseguka ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya carbon monoxide m'nyumba zambiri panthawi yamagetsi. Mphepo yowomba panja lotseguka la garaja imapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwombankhanga chomwe chimatsekereza utsi ku khoma lakumbuyo kwa garaja, kukakamiza mpweya wa monoxide kudzera pakhomo lamkati lamkati, ma seams owuma padenga, ndi ma ductwork a HVAC m'malo okhala pamwamba ndi pafupi ndi garaja. Nthawi zonse sunthani zida zophikira panja zosachepera **3 mpaka 6 mita (mamita 10 mpaka 20) kunja ndikuchotsa garaja yotchingidwayo **.

Kodi ndi bwino kuwiritsa madzi kapena supu pachitofu cha gasi cha kunyumba kwanga pamene magetsi azima?¶

M'nyumba zambiri, **inde, zoyatsira pamwamba zokha**, ngati mutatsatira njira zitatu zotetezera: choyamba, tsegulani zenera lakukhitchini. `2.5 to 5 centimeters (1 to 2 inches)` chifukwa chiwombankhanga chanu chamagetsi chamagetsi sichingayende popanda mphamvu; chachiwiri, ikani chojambulira cha carbon monoxide choyendera batire m’khitchini; ndipo chachitatu, yatsani machesi kapena chopepuka cha piezo chachitali **musanayambe** kuyatsa choyatsira gasi kuti mpweya wosayaka usaunjikane. **Musagwiritse ntchito uvuni wa gasi kapena zoyatsira gasi kutenthetsa nyumba yanu (`running a gas stove or oven continuously for hours for room heat builds up lethal carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide`), ndipo ngati mtundu wanu wamakono wa gasi uli ndi solenoid yotsekera yamagetsi yomwe imalepheretsa gasi kuyenda panthawi yakuda, musakakamize kondomu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zitini za "Sterno" Ethanol Gel ndi Diethylene Glycol?DEG) Zitini zathanzi?¶

Onsewa ndi otetezeka pophikira m'nyumba mwadzidzi akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chitofu choyenera chachitsulo kapena poyimitsa mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, koma amachita mosiyana: **Zitini za Ethanol zonyezimira** (`Sterno Pink/Green Gel`, kawirikawiri `2-hour` kuwotcha nthawi) kuwotcha mowa woyimitsidwa mu matrix a gel, kutulutsa lawi lambiri, lotentha kwambiri (`-1,500+ BTU/hr`) amene amawiritsa madzi mofulumira, ngakhale kuti gel osakaniza amatha kuuma kwa zaka zingapo ngati chivindikirocho chitapindika ndipo chingathe kutayika ngati chagwetsedwa popanda chogwiritsira ntchito. ** Diethylene Glycol (`DEG`) Zitini** (nthawi zambiri `4-hour` kapena `6-hour` nthawi yowotcha ndi chingwe chowoneka chotchinga) kuwotcha madzi osasunthika kudzera pa chingwe cha fiberglass; amawotcha pang'onopang'ono (`-800 to 1,000 BTU/hr`), **sasunthike posungira (`10-year shelf life`)**, sungani chitsulo chachitsulo kuti chizizizira mpaka mutachikhudza, ndipo sichitaya mafuta oyaka ngati chapindika mwangozi.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mowa wopaka (70% or 91% Isopropyl Alcohol) mu chitofu cha DIY cha soda-chitani mowa m'nyumba?¶

**Ayi.** Choyamba, **Isopropyl mowa (`C3H8O`, mowa wothira)** uli ndi tcheni cha carbon 3 chomwe chimayaka ndi lawi lakuda, lachikasu, la sooty kutulutsa utsi wakuda wakuda ndi wokwezeka **carbon monoxide (`CO`)** m’nyumba (mosiyana ndi kuwotcha koyera `Denatured Ethanol`). Chachiwiri, masitovu otseguka a DIY soda-can mowa amakhala ndi mowa waulere wamadzimadzi wokhala ndi malo otsika (`12°C / 54°F`): Chitovuchi chikagundidwa pa kauntala yamdima pamene mdimawo wazima, chitofucho chimataya dziwe la moto wamadzimadzi woyaka osaoneka ndi maso patebulo ndi pa zovala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyaka koopsa kwa digiri yachitatu. M'nyumba, gwiritsani ntchito **pokhapokha osatsekedwa ndi malonda `DEG` zitini, zitini zamalonda za ethanol mkati mwa chitsulo chokhazikika, kapena a `CSA/UL`-chitofu cha kaseti cha butane**.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide
• Mafuta akukhitchini ndi moto wophikira
• Kukula malo opangira magetsi (LiFePO4), zosunga zobwezeretsera mabatire, ndi masiwichi osinthira pamanja
• Kusungirako zakudya zokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, matumba a Mylar, ndikukonzekera ma calorie
• Chitetezo cha jenereta
• Nambala zangozi

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Carbon Monoxide (CO) Kupewa Poizoni Pambuyo pa Masoka: Chifukwa Chake Grills ndi Makampu Siziyenera Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito M'nyumba (cdc.gov/carbon-monoxide).
• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) & National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Portable Fuel-Burning Cooking Appliance Appliance Safety, UL 2034 Carbon Monoxide Alarm Response Times, ndi Kitchen Fire Prevention.
• CSA Group & American National Standards Institute (ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2): Zodziwikiratu Pazitovu Zam'kampu ya Gasi Yamtundu Wonyamula ndi Zitofu za Butane Cassette Zokhala Ndi Shutoff Yothamanga Kwambiri (OPSO) Zipangizo.
• World Health Organisation (WHO) & National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Malangizo a WHO pa Ubwino Wa Air M'nyumba: Zowonongeka Zosankhidwa (Carbon Monoxide 15-Minute, 1-Hour, and 8-Hour Exposure Limits) ndi NIOSH Pocket Guide (CO REL 35 ppm / Kumwamba 200 ppm /IDLH 1,200 ppm).
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) & American Red Cross: Chakudya ndi Madzi Padzidzidzi: Kutenthetsa M'nyumba Motetezedwa Ndi Mafuta Oyaka M'zitini (Sterno) ndi No-Cook Ration Planning.