Total Silt-Out in a Cave, Cenote, alo Shipweck: Mɔfiame si Bu Didi le Zero Visibility me¶

Anyigbaʋuʋu si le sue ŋutɔ la ƒoƒo ɖe dzi (bentonite, . marl, alo calcium carbonate silt) le agado aɖe si le tsi te me, Mexicotɔwo ƒe cenote, tomenukuƒe si tsi yɔ, alo meli siwo gbã ƒe mɔ si nyrɔ la trɔna 50-meter (165-foot) nukpɔkpɔ si me kɔ abe kristalo ene va zu anyi si me kɔ nyuie, si me womekpɔa nu le o me le ɣeyiɣi si mede sɛkɛnd 3 o me. Nusi gavloe wue nye be zi geɖe la, tsikpe si me lãmenugbagbeviwo le si le gbadzaa abe ahuhɔ̃e ene la nɔa dzisasrã ŋu, si dzana abe ahomya ene ne tsi me ƒuƒula ƒe yaƒoƒo ƒe kuɖɔ siwo le dzi yim la gena ɖe limestone si le ta dzi. Le yame ƒe nɔnɔme si me kpe alo gakpo ƒe gbadzɛ si didi meta alafa geɖe xea mɔ na todzizɔzɔ ɖesiaɖe si le tsitrenu yia anyigba dzi, si megate ŋu ka asi nylon ƒe mɔfiame si yia edzi ɖaa ŋu ŋutɔŋutɔ o (gold line / . cave line) le tsikpe ƒe dodo blibo me nye nu vevitɔ si gbɔ tsi te ƒe mɔ̃ si wua ame tsona. Ne tsi me ƒuƒula tsi dzodzodzoe la, egbɔa ya fũu akpa le gbɔgbɔ ƒe aɖabaƒoƒo ƒe sesẽme nu (RMV) ƒe 45+ liters per minute, eye woƒua tsi ŋkumaʋumaʋutɔe le dodoƒe dim evɔ wometsɔa seke ɖoa didiƒe ƒe ʋuƒo o la, woatɔ dzo to woƒe... Rule of Thirds do le gas si wodzra ɖo ɖi me le aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo me esime nèle tsi ƒum yi xɔ si me ame aɖeke mele o me yi ŋgɔe.

Ne agado, do, alo ƒugɔme tsi me ƒuƒula aɖe mete ŋu ge ɖe tsia dzi le ɖoɖowɔɖi nu alo do ɖe tsia dzi le dodo le tsi me si me woɖea tsi le si me woɖe asi le si me ahɔhɔ̃mekawo alo aklãdɔ ƒe dzesiwo le megbe la, ƒo ka na wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States, Canada, kple Mexico, . 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa katã me la, . 999 le United Kingdom), te ɖe Divers Alert Network (DAN) Gaƒoƒo 24 ƒe Telefon Kpata (+1-919-684-9111), xlɔ̃ nu nutome Agadowo Xɔname (IUCRR / . NSS-CDS / . BCRC), alo nàlé ŋku ɖe míaƒe xexeame katã ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe si nye xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata. Ne èdi tsi me nɔnɔ kple anyigba te ƒe mɔfiame kpata siwo keke ta wu la, kpɔ scuba regulator ƒe sisi faa, yame godo, kple CESA ƒe todzimɔwo, . tsi me nɔnɔ kple tsi te ƒe afɔkuwo, kple caving kple spelunking entrapment, tsiɖɔɖɔ, kple kekeli ƒe kpododonu. Wɔ ɖe buoyancy-stop, safety-spool tie-off, circular sweep search, kple mɔfiame fli-aŋutsrɔe ƒe ɖoɖo siwo le ete dzi.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. DZƆ FIN ƑE ƲUƲU KATÃ ENOME HETU WÒ BUOYANCY: Nukpɔkpɔ evelia ɖiɖi alo èkpɔe be yebu ŋkume kple asikaka mɔfiame si yia edzi la ŋu, tsi tsikpe me le teƒea (hover or kneel lightly if already on a solid rock floor). Flutter kick ɖesiaɖe si le silt-out me ʋuʋua anyi geɖe wu wòzua suspension eye wòʋãa wò yia ŋgɔ wu tso fli si te ɖe ŋuwò sɛkɛnd 3 enye sia la gbɔ.
2. ÐE WÒ GBƆGBƆ blewu BE NÀKPƆ WÒ "RULE OF THIRDS" DODO GAS TA: Adrenaline dzia wò gbɔgbɔ ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi etɔ̃, si hea hypercapnia vɛ (CO2 buildup), sidzedze ƒe ʋuʋu, kple aʋawɔʋuwo ƒe vɔvɔ kabakaba. Gbugbɔ ya blewuu le sɛkɛnd 4 me eye nàgbɔ ya le sɛkɛnd 6 me esime nèle wò Submersible Pressure Gauge (SPG) to luminescent dial la léle ɖe wò mask faceplate ŋu tẽe kple wò backup light si nèzi ɖe glass la dzi.
3. STABLISH ANCHORED PHYSICAL POINT-OF-LAST-CONTACT WITH A SAFETY SPOOL: Mègaƒu tsi gbeɖe le ka me manɔmee le zero visibility me anɔ agado alo ʋu gbagbã ƒe fli si bu dim o. Bla wò ka si bu ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo (or gap reel) tẽe yi nusi le tsitrenu, si womate ŋu aʋuʋu o gbɔ le afisi tututu nètɔ ɖo (a rock projection, stalagmite, pipe, or clipped onto a heavy stage bottle placed on the floor - womeblae ɖe xɔlɔ̃ si le tsia dzi ŋu gbeɖe o).
4. KƆA NU KPLE KƆKƆE ZÃ TAUT SAFETY SPOOL IN EXPANDING ARCS: Lé dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo si wobla la sesĩe le asi ɖeka me ale be nàte ŋu agbugbɔ ɖokuiwò aƒo ɖe wò gɔmedzedze ƒe seke gbɔ ɣesiaɣi. Keke wò alɔnu si nètsɔna faa la ɖe enu tso anyigba vaseɖe dzisasrã dzi (using the back of your open hand or an "OK" finger ring, never clawing fingers that snag and snap the line) le 360-degree circular alo semi-circular pendulum search me, nàdo go meta 1 (afɔ 3.3) ayi ŋgɔe le mɔzɔzɔ ɖesiaɖe me vaseɖe esime wò abɔta natsɔ brɔs awɔ mɔfiame vevitɔa.
5. ÐE BE DODO ƑE MƆKPƆKPƆ ƑE MƆKPƆKPƆ ME TO SESESE BE FLI ƑE Aŋutrɔvi ƑE NUTEƑEKPƆKPƆ ME: Ne wò asi ka asi mɔfiame vevitɔa ŋu ko la, wɔ an "OK" ƒo xlã fli la kple wò asibidɛ gã kple asibidɛ si wotsɔ fiaa nu (never pull hard on the line or let go of it). Gbugbɔ blewuu le ka la dzi esime nèle wò dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒoa bla ɖe eŋu vaseɖe esime wò asibidɛwo ka asi aŋe si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me ŋu Directional Line Arrow (Dorff Arrow): le ŋkunɔwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ si woate ŋu aka asi me la, aŋutsrɔea ƒe teƒe si le kpuie ɖaɖɛ la fiaa mɔ ƔESIAƔI si te ɖe yame ƒe dodoƒe si te ɖe eŋu wu, esime gɔmeɖoanyi gbadza si keke la dze ŋgɔ agadoa.
6. DO LE "TOUCH CONTACT" YIYI ME NE TEAMMATE GAS OR LIGHT DO DO DO: Wɔ amegbetɔ ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ si me faɛl ɖeka le ɖe mɔfiame la dzi: ŋgɔgbe tsiƒula la léa ka la kple "OK" asibidɛ ƒe ʋuƒo esime tsiƒula si le megbe léa ŋgɔgbe tsiƒula ƒe bicep alo abɔta (Touch Contact), zãa asikakadzesi siwo nye squeeze-and-push tsɔ zɔa mɔxenuwo me eye woama gas vaseɖe esime woaʋu tsi.

Nyametsotsoti: agbetsitsi le agado, cenote, alo wreck silt-out kple fli si bu me¶

Zã yame-nutome aɖaŋu nyametsotsoti sia si nukpɔkpɔ enumake ɖiɖina va ɖoa zero:

flowchart TD
    Silt["Zero-Visibility Sit-Out kpata le Agado, Cenote, alo Tɔdziʋu si Gblẽ me"] --> LineCheck{"1. Ðe Wò Asibidɛwo Le Kaka Ðe Mɔfiame Vevitɔ Ŋu Fifiaa?"}
    LineCheck -->|"Ẽ: Fli si Wolé Ðe Asi"| HoldOK["KEEP 'OK' FINGER LOOP ON LINE: Dzudzɔ afɔƒoƒo, ɖo neutral buoyancy anyi, trɔ tso flutter kick dzi yi frog/modified kick dzi"]
    HoldOK --> BuddyCheck{"Ðe Wò Xɔlɔ̃ Le Kadodo Mea?"}
    BuddyCheck -->|"Ẽ, Ẽ"| FeelArrow["Gbugbɔ to fli dzi yi Mɔfiame Fli ƒe Aŋutrɔ si te ɖe ŋuwò wu: Se le ɖokuiwò me be yeƒe nugbɔ ɖaɖɛ si fia asi DOGO; ƒu tsi do goe blewuu"]
    BuddyCheck -->|"AO: Xɔlɔ̃ Bu"| TieSpool["Bla dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe mɔfiame vevitɔ dzi tẽ; kplɔ 3 va ɖo 5 m radius le taut spool esime wole bolt snap ƒom le tank be yeayɔ buddy"]
    LineCheck -->|"AO: Kadodo Bubu Kple Mɔfiame"| Freeze["1. DZUDZƆ ENƆME: Zero fin kicks; hover alo ɖiɖi ɖe eme vie le kpe sesẽ/deck dzi; gbɔgbɔ blewu (4s le eme / 6s do go) ."]
    Freeze --> AnchorSpool["2. ANCHOR SAFETY SPOOL: Bla spool ƒe ka ɖe kpe sesẽ si woɖe ɖe go, stalagmite, wreck beam, alo stage cylinder si woda kpekpeme dzi le anyigba"]
    AnchorSpool --> Sweep["3. WƆ TAUT-SPOOL CIRCULAR SWEEP: Na spool ƒe ka nasẽ; tutu alɔ si le ablɔɖe me tso anyigba vaseɖe dzisasrã dzi le akasanu si ƒe didime nye meta 1.5, meta 3, kple meta 4.5 me"]
    Sweep --> FoundLine{"4. Ðe Èdo Ka Kple Mɔfiame Vevitɔa?"}
    FoundLine -->|"Ẽ, Ẽ"| TieIn["Bla dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe mɔfiame vevi la dzi tẽ (Dzesi afi si nàva ɖo); lã/tsɔ seke ƒe asike da ɖe eme ne solo koe; feel Line Arrow fia asi EXIT"]
    FoundLine -->|"AO: Blibo Klɔƒe Ƒuƒlu"| EntangleCheck["Kpɔ wò ŋutɔ wò asikewo, tank ƒe ʋuƒo, kple cam bands (Ðewohĩ èle ka si gbã/he la tsɔm le wò gear dzi); ne egabu kokoko la, lia yi dzisasrã ƒe gli ƒe ta dzi & dzra gas ɖo hena xɔname"]

Akpa 1: Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya le tsikpe ƒe ʋuʋu kple eƒe liƒo enumake ŋu¶

Nukatae agado alo tɔdziʋu si gbã la ƒuna kabakaba alea gbegbe, eye nukatae màte ŋu "alala miniti 10 hafi anyigbaʋuʋua naɖo" ko o?

1. Stokes ƒe Se ƒe Nyawo Gbɔkpɔkpɔ Ɣeyiɣiwo: Sand kple Limestone Marl kple Colloidal Clay¶

Ne tsi me ƒuƒula si do tsi si le ʋuʋu ɖi ƒe asike siwo wozãna ɖaa la wɔ flutter kick si yi anyime le agado alo meli si gbã ƒe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔƒe ƒe anyigba gbɔ la, tsi si le anyime la tsɔa tsi si le anyime la ƒua gbe ɖe tsikpe ƒe akpa suewo me wòzua ʋuʋudedi. Le Stokes ƒe Se nu la, tsinyenye ƒe sesẽme sɔ kple nusuewo ƒe didime ƒe dzogoe ene me:

2. Anti-Silt Ʋuʋu kple Ŋutilã Trim (Why Flutter Kicks Are Banned) .¶

Zi ale si nède dzesii be alilikpo aɖe si me tsikpe le le dodom le megbewò (or before entering any low-clearance restriction): 1. Xɔ Horizontal dzi 0-Degree Trim (Afɔwo Kɔkɔ Vi aɖe le 10 to 15 Degrees): Mègaƒu tsi le "ƒumelã" ƒe ta dzi, afɔ ɖe anyi ƒe nɔnɔme me gbeɖe o (45-degree angle), si fiaa mɔ asike ɖesiaɖe si wotsɔ ƒu gbe ɖe anyigba si wotsɔ anyikpe wɔe la me tẽ. Na wò akɔta nanɔ tsia dzi eye nàbɔbɔ wò klowo ɖe 90 degrees eyata wò asikewo nɔa tsia ƒe afã si le etame la me. 2. Trɔ Ðe Frog Kick, Modified Flutter, alo Pull-and-Glide Ko Ŋue: - Frog Kick: Etutu tsi tẽ yi megbe (le tsia dzi) le tsi me nɔla megbe tsɔ wu be wòaɖiɖi. - Modified Shuffle / Micro-Frog: Eʋuʋua afɔkpodziwo ko le sentimeta 15 ƒe akasa nu le akɔta tame hena mɔxexeɖenu sesẽwo. - Asibidɛ He-kple-Gli (Agado Gli / Gli Gbagbã): Le kpe gbadza siwo woɖe ɖe go alo gakpo sesẽwo dzi (menye le stalactite siwo mebɔbɔ o alo ga gbadzɛ ɖaɖɛ siwo xɔ dzo dzi gbeɖe o), zã asibidɛ eve nàtsɔ ahe blewuu eye nàƒu du ayi ŋgɔe kple asike ƒe ʋuʋu zero. Mègahe ɖokuiwò asi-ɖe-asi gbeɖe to hehe ɖe nylon-do ƒe mɔfiame tsɛ la dzi tẽ o, si kpɔa fli la to limestone-kpe ɖaɖɛwo dzi eye wòvua domedome kadodowo (placements).

Akpa 2: Mɔfiame Si Bu ƒe Dɔwɔna (Taut Spool Anchor kple Circular Sweep) .¶

Ne xɔ̃wò aɖe si tsi dzodzodzoe ƒo wò le fli dzi, tsɔ reel la ƒu gbe le kadodo aɖe me, alo trɔ tso tsi te fotoɖeɖe gbɔ be yeakpɔ ye ɖokui le notsi-tsokolet ƒe dzoxɔxɔ blibo me eye fli aɖeke mele asiwò o la, wɔ NACD / NSS-CDS / GUE Lost Line Protocol:

1. Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe si Bu-Fli Gbugbɔgaxɔ ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖi¶

1. Afɔɖeɖe 1: Dzudzɔ, Ʋuʋu, Eye Nàlé ŋku ɖe Wò Ŋutɔ Ŋutɔ Ŋu Gbãtɔ (First 10 Seconds):
2. Zi geɖe la, nusita mɔfiame la "bu" enye be ebla ɖe wò ŋutɔ wò dɔwɔnuwo (wrapped around a tank valve, stage bottle bolt snap, dive computer strap, or fin heel strap) eye nèhee tso eƒe kpe si wotsɔ blae la dzi kpli wò.
3. Esi nèle teƒe ɖeka keŋkeŋ la, tutu wò asiwo nyuie ɖe wò ŋutɔ wò asikewo, klowo, gaze si me kɔ, kple tsigoe ƒe kɔ dzi be nàkpɔe ɖa be ka la mexatsa ɖe wò ŋutilã ŋu xoxo o hã.
4. Afɔɖeɖe 2: Deploy kple Anchor Wò Dedienɔnɔ Spool (Point of Last Contact):
5. Ðe wò dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo (45 meters / 150 feet of #24 braided nylon line with a double-ended stainless steel bolt snap) tso wò megbe alo akɔta D-ring.
6. Do asi ɖe anyi alo axadzi be nàdi seke sesẽ aɖe si le tsitrenu (a bedrock horn, stalagmite base, heavy shipwreck pipe, or your own lead weight/stage bottle placed on the floor). Xatsa spool-ka la ɖe kpea ŋu zi eve eye nàgbugbɔ double-ender la aƒo ɖe fli si le tsitrenu la dzi.
7. Ke ne èle dzodzom le anyigbaʋuʋu si me nɔnɔme aɖeke mele o titina eye kpe zero be nàbla ɖe eŋu ya ɖe? Ʋu tsi me nɔnɔ ƒe hɛ, titanium line arrow/cookie, alo wò spare bolt snap tẽe yi anyime sesẽa ƒe anyigba abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ati ene - mègadi gbeɖe titina pivot si woɖo ɖi manɔmee o.
8. Afɔɖeɖe 3: The Vertical-Sweep Pendulum / Kplɔ̃ŋuti Didi:
9. Lé dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒoa ɖe wò miasi me sesĩe (keeping tension on the line so you cannot drift away from your anchor).
10. Tsi yi gota meta 1.5 (afɔ 5) vaseɖe esime spool line la natɔ te wò.
11. Esi wònye be ƒã hafi agado kple ʋu gbagbã ƒe mɔfiamewo nɔa gbadzaa le anyigba - zi geɖe la, woblaa wo meta 0.6 va ɖo 1.5 (afɔ 2 va ɖo 5) ɖe gli dzi alo tsɔa wo tsia titina - ele be nàtutu wò ɖusibɔ tsi tre ɖe anyigba vaseɖe dzisasrãa dzi le afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe me ne èle tsatsam le gotagome.
12. Na wò asi si le ʋuʋum la ʋu kple asibidɛwo ɖekae (tsɔ ŋgɔgbea kple asibidɛ tutu) ale be nàse le ɖokuiwò me be nylon-ka si le sesẽm la le brɔs ƒom ɖe wò alɔnu tsɔ wu be nàtsɔ asibidɛ siwo le gbadzaa aƒoe ahahee tso eƒe kpeƒe si woɖoe ɖo la dzi.
13. Nenye be... 1.5-meter radius circle (alo 180-degree wall-to-wall arc) mewɔa kadodo kple ka la o, ɖe asi le meta 1.5 (afɔ 5) bubu ƒe spool line (now at 3 meters / 10 feet radius) eye nàtutu mɔ si to vovo na ema. Gbugbɔ gblɔe le 4.5 meters (15 feet). Nudzɔdzɔ siwo wu 95 le alafa me le fli siwo bu me la dzɔna le mɔ gã la gbɔ meta 3.
14. Afɔɖeɖe 4: Babla Ðe Mɔfiame Vevitɔ Me Kple Nuxexlẽ ƒe Asikaka Dzesiwo:
15. Zi ale si wò abɔta ƒo mɔfiame vevitɔa enumake la, wɔ an "OK" ƒo xlã fli gã la kple wò asibidɛ gã kple asibidɛ si wotsɔ fiaa nu ale be màgate ŋu abui ake o.
16. Xatsa wò dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒoa ɖe mɔfianu vevitɔa ŋu zi eve eye nàbla wò gavi si ƒe nuwuwu le eve la ɖe ʋuƒoa ƒe ka ŋu (locking your search line onto the main highway).
17. Ne èle solo (alo wò zɔhɛ le gbɔwò xoxo) la, trɔ ɖokuiwò ɖe megbe to spool la dzi be nàxɔ wò seke ƒe nuwuƒe, alo lã didi ƒe fli la ahaxɔe dzadzɛ ale be màgblẽ afɔku "aʋatso dodoƒe mɔ̃" si le ƒoƒom ɖe agadoa me o.

2. ŋkunɔwo ƒe Ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo Ŋuti Mɔzɔzɔ Si Woka Ðe Asi Le Fli La Dzi: Aŋutrɔwo ( .Dorff), Kukiwo, kple REM Dzesiwo¶

Le blibodede me la, zero visibility ne silt lolo ale gbegbe be ne wote a 1,500-lumen gbãtɔ canister kekeli tẽ ɖe wò mask glass ɖea brown keklẽ ko fiana, ele be nàʋu ato eme keŋkeŋ to ka asi (Braille Out):

Akpa 3: Untangling a line wrap kple "Touch-Contact" ƒuƒoƒo ƒe dodo¶

Xaxa eve bubuwo gagblẽa nu le zero-visibility silt-out ŋu zi geɖe: line entanglement (agado ƒe ka si le gbadzaa alo wreck reel si gbã la xatsa ɖe wò tank valve alo fins ŋu) kple buddy gas/light failure si bia be blind team nado go.

1. Alesi Nàwɔ Akɔ Zero-Visibility Line Entanglement si Me Màtso Mɔ Gã La Me O¶

SE VEVIETƆ: Mègahe tsi me nɔnɔ ƒe hɛ gbeɖe o eye nàtso mɔfiame sesẽ aɖe si woxatsa ɖe ŋuwò ŋkumaʋumaʋui le nukpɔkpɔ zero negbe ɖe nèbla tsɔ bladging safety spool xoxo ɖe tangle la ƒe akpa eveawo. Ne ètso agado gã la ƒe mɔfiame evɔ mètsɔ tɔdzisasrãa ƒoe gbã o la, eƒe nugbɔ eve siwo wotso la trɔna yia megbe meta 3 le mɔ siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu nu yia anyigbaʋuʋu si le yibɔ la me, si wɔnɛ be wò kple tsi me ƒuƒula ɖesiaɖe si le agadoa me goglo wu la tsia anyi ɖaa tso dodoƒea: 1. Dzudzɔ Ʋuʋu eye Nade dzesi Wò Xɔlɔ̃ (Never Twist or Kick): Trɔtrɔ abe barrel roll ene xatsa nylon ka ƒe ka ɖeka ɖe koklozi si trɔna 10 me ƒoa xlã wò afɔɖeɖe gbãtɔwo kple SPG hose. 2. Lala Wò Xɔlɔ̃ Naɖe Wò To Kakaɖedzi Me: Ne xɔ̃wòa le kadodo me la, ke nɔ ʋuʋum keŋkeŋ (hands in front of your face holding the intact line coming from the exit side) esime xɔ̃wòa zãa woƒe asibidɛwo tsɔ kɔa slack loop la blewuu ɖe wò asike ƒe nugbɔ alo tank valve dzi. 3. Ne Solo alo Tsi me ƒuƒula eveawo siaa le Tangled - Tɔdzisasrã Hafi Lãe: - Do asi ɖe ŋgɔ le wò entanglement ŋgɔ be nàlé mɔfiame vevitɔ si le do go ƒe akpaa, eye nàdo asi ɖe megbe na ɖokuiwò (alo nàna wò zɔhɛa naɖo asi) be nàlé mɔfiame vevitɔ si le le agado me ƒe akpa dzi. - Bla wò dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe ka gã si le Akpa A dzi nyuie, ƒu du to wò ŋutilã ŋu dzadzɛ, eye nàblae ɖe ka gã si le Akpa B la ŋu nyuie (creating a continuous bypass bridge). - Ne wobla bypass bridge la vɔ ko hafi nàte ŋu azã guarded Z-knife / line cutter (never a long pointed stiletto blade that can puncture a drysuit or LP inflator hose in the dark) be nàtso lãgbalẽ ɖeka si xaxa la ɖe wò gear dzi.

2. "Kaka-Kadodo" Tactile Dzesiwo Ðoɖowɔɖi na Zero-Nukpɔkpɔ Dodo¶

Ne èle dodom le agado si me tsikpe le alo ʋu si gbã me abe ƒuƒoƒo ene (vevietɔ ne èle gas mam to meta 2.1 / afɔ 7 didi primary regulator hose dzi), asi ƒe dzesi siwo wokpɔna kple kekeli ƒe dzesiwo meɖea vi aɖeke o. Ele be nàzã Touch-Contact (Tactile) Dzesiwo: - Ŋutilã ƒe Nɔnɔmewɔwɔ: - Diver #1 (Line Tender / Leader) ƒua tsi yi ŋgɔ vie, léa mɔfiame si yia edzi la ɖe asi bɔbɔe le ** aɖe me."OK" asibidɛ gã kple asibidɛ ƒe ʋuƒo** (arm extended forward to feel walls and restrictions before the head hits them). - Diver #2 (Following / Out-of-Air Receiver) léa Diver #1 ƒe alɔnu si le etame (bicep) alo ŋgɔgbea sesĩe kple asi ɖeka (creating an unbroken physical circuit: Guideline -> Diver 1 -> Diver 2). Ne mɔa xaxa va zu mɔxexeɖenu sesẽ si me faɛl ɖeka le afisi tsiƒuƒu le axadzi manya wɔ o la, Tsiƒula #2 ƒua du ɖe Tsiƒula #1 megbe tẽ eye wòléa Tsiƒula #1 ƒe nyitsu/afɔkpodzi alo aʋawɔʋu ƒe gɔme esime wòléa woƒe asi evelia ɖe fli la dzi. - Xexeame Katã ƒe Tactile Asi-Mimi Dzesiwo: - Push Forward on Partner's Arm: "Yi ŋgɔ / Yi edzi nàƒu tsi." - He megbe le Habɔbɔa ƒe Alɔnu: "Dzudzɔ / Trɔ yi dzi." - 1 Kpekpeɖeŋu Sesẽ (Wait for 1 Squeeze Back): "Attention / Hold position (e.g., tɔ vie be nàʋu to aŋutsrɔe si wotsɔ bla alo fli me)." - 2 Numiemie sesẽwo (or Rapid Repeated Squeezes): "Nudzɔdzɔ kpata / Ya si me mekɔ o / si xaxa - DZUDZƆ ENƆME."

[SURFACE EXIT] <--- (Sharp Tip of Line Arrow) <--- [Main Guideline]
                                                         |
                                              ("OK" Finger Loop)
                                                         |
                                              [Diver 1: Line Leader]
                                                         |
                                           (Hand Grips Bicep / Forearm)
                                                         |
                                              [Diver 2: Follower]

Akpa 4: Nusi woawɔ ne didiwo katã do kpo nu eye gas le vɔvɔm (Air Bell vs. Wall Crest) .¶

Ke ne modzakaɖetsaɖila si mexɔ hehe o ƒu tsi yi ƒudzido, cenote, alo ƒugɔmeʋawɔʋu aɖe si gbã goglo reel alo mɔfiame aɖeke manɔmee, ƒu du yi dzi bliboe silt-out, dedienɔnɔ spool aɖeke mele esi o, eye wòɖiɖi va 50 bar (700 psi) ƒe gas ƒe? 1. Di Ŋkeke ƒe Kekeli Ðesiaɖe si Faint Ambient (Turn Off Your Dive Light for 10 Seconds): - Le do ƒe akpa aɖe alo meli si gbã si didi meta 60 (afɔ 200) tso mɔnu aɖe gbɔ le ŋkeke me la, wò ŋutɔ wò LED-klẽ si klẽna la klẽna tso tsikpe ɣi si le wò ametakpɔnu ŋgɔ tututu (backscatter) gbãa ŋku na wò keŋkeŋ be màgakpɔ mɔa ƒe keklẽ dama/blɔ si me kɔ o. - Kp asi ɖeka ɖe wò dive light ta dzi (turning the beam completely dark) eye nàna wò ŋkuwo nakeke sɛkɛnd 5 va ɖo 10 esime nèle ŋku lém ɖe eŋu le dzidzenu 360 me. Zi geɖe la, to tsikpe gã aɖe me gɔ̃ hã la, keklẽ si kaka vie la ɖea afisi doa ƒe nu alo ʋu gbagbã ƒe ʋuƒoa le fiana. 2. Dzi yi Dzisasrã / Gli ƒe Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Teƒe Kɔkɔtɔ: - Elabena zi geɖe la, ya si dona le yame ƒe kuɖɔ siwo le dzi yim kple anyigba te tsi siwo le sisim le dzɔdzɔme nu la ƒoa ɖii 15-centimeter (6-inch) tsi si me kɔ vie ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si le dzisasrã si le etame vaseɖe gli ƒe dzogoea dzi tututu (or inside a ceiling dome), lialia blewuu vaseɖe esime wò aʋawɔʋua ƒe megbe ka asi dzisasrãa ŋu ate ŋu atsɔ wò ametakpɔnu aɖo anyigba ƒe tsikpe si le kpekpem wu la tame - eye ate ŋu aɖe ya kotoku si me gbɔgbɔ le (air bell) le dzoto ƒe dzokpe ƒe mɔ̃ si me goglo o alo atsiaƒu ƒe do si me ƒutsotsoewo le me. - NUXLẼME VEVIE LE ADOWO ME YA ƑE ƑOƑOWO ŊU: Mègaɖe wò scuba regulator le agado ƒe dzisasrã dome si ƒe amadede nye yibɔ me gbeɖe o vaseɖe esime nè lé ŋku ɖe wò goglomedzidzenu ŋu (is the ceiling at 0 meters / surface atmospheric pressure, or is it a pressurized pocket at 6 meters?) eye nèno dodokpɔ ƒe ʋeʋẽ ɖeka si me ŋuɖɔɖɔɖo le esime nèle wò regulator la lém ɖe asi. Limestone dome geɖe siwo le anyigba me la me oxygen zero kple carbon dioxide si wua ame (CO2) alo haidrodzin sulfide ( .H2S) si sina tso agado me nusiwo le gbegblẽm le etame. Gbugbɔ wò tsigoe me ɣesiaɣi vaseɖe gas mamlɛtɔ si nàno le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ suetɔ kekeake me (resting completely motionless against the rock) esime nèle agado me xɔnametɔ siwo tsia tsia me lalam, hele gavi si mexɔ dzo o ƒom alo le ʋuʋum le wò tsilindoa ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ƒe didime nu (3 clangs... pause... 3 clangs) ale be gbeɖiɖimɔ̃wo kple tsi me ƒuƒulawo nate ŋu age ɖe wò aƒeme.

Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne tsi me ƒuƒula aɖe tsi tsia te agado, cenote, tsidzɔƒe, tomenukuƒe, alo meli si gbã me la, aɖabaƒoƒo ɖesiaɖe xɔa asi. Kpovitɔwo alo dzotsidɔwɔƒe ƒe tsiƒuƒu ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo wozãna ɖaa mele be woage ɖe agado si le tsi te me agado me xɔname ƒe hehe tɔxɛ aɖeke manɔmee o, ne menye nenema o la, woazu ame evelia siwo ku; na Cave Diving Rescue dɔwɔƒe tɔxɛ siwo le EMS xa nanya enumake:

• United States, Canada, kple Mexico (Florida Springs, Yucatan Cenotes, Ta Gãwo ƒe Ʋu Gbagbewo):
• Yɔ ** .911** enumake (ewɔa dɔ le U.S., Canada, kple Quintana Roo / Mexico katã).
• Dukɔwo Dome Tsi Te Dowo Xɔxɔ Kple Wo Gbugbɔgaxɔ (IUCRR - 24/7 Dziehe Amerika & Florida Karst Kpata ƒe Dɔdɔ): Yɔ 911 eye nàxlɔ̃ nu IUCRR / NSS-CDS Kpata ƒe Yɔyɔ to County Sheriff Dispatch dzi (le Florida: Suwannee, Columbia, Jackson, Levy, Hernando, kple Wakulla County Sheriffs ƒe IUCRR ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kadodowo le wo si tẽ).
• Mexico (Tulum, Playa del Carmen, Akumal Cenote ƒe Mɔdodo - Quintana Roo): Yɔ 911, te ɖe Protección Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Tulum (+52 984 871 2688), eye nàxlɔ̃ nu Mexicotɔwo ƒe Agadowo Xɔname Dɔwɔƒe / Cinco Elementos / Quintana Roo Hyperbaric Chamber Network (Playa del Carmen / Cozumel) kple DAN (+1-919-684-9111).
• Ta Gãwo / Ƒuta Tɔdziʋu Siwo Gblẽ: Tsidzadza U.S. Ƒuta Dzɔlawo (USCG) / Canada Ƒuta Dzɔlawo (CCG) le VHF Channel 16 dzi eye nàƒo ka na DAN (+1-919-684-9111).
• Fiaɖuƒe United States kple Ireland (Yorkshire Dales, Peak Nutome, Mendips, South Wales Sumps & Scapa Flow Wrecks):
• Ƒo ka ** .999 alo 112**, bia Kpovitɔwo tso dɔwɔƒea, eye nàgblɔe tẽ be: "Cave Diving Emergency - Activate British Cave Rescue Council (BCRC) / Agado me Tsiƒuƒu Ƒuƒoƒo (CDG) Sump Xɔname."
• Ne èdi Scapa Flow (Orkney) alo ƒuta meli siwo gbã ƒe mɔ̃wo la, ƒo ka na 999 na HM Ƒuta Dzɔlawo kple Dukɔa ƒe Hyperbaric Dɔwɔƒe (0345 408 6008 le Scotland / . 07831 151 523 le England & Wales).
• Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha (France Dordogne/Lot Dowo, Sardinia, Spain, Alps-towo dzi Tsitsetsewo):
• Ƒo ka ** .112** le EU-dukɔwo katã me.
• France (Lot / Dordogne / Ardèche): Ƒo ka na 112 alo 15 eye nàbia be woawɔ dɔ le Spéléo Secours Français (SSF - Agado me Xɔname ƒe Telefon si Woxea Femaxee Femaxee 24/7: 0 800 121 123 alo +33 4 72 53 06 74).
• Italy (Sardinia / Veneto Dowo): Yɔ ** .112 alo 118** na CNSAS (Corpo Nazionale Soccorso Alpino e Speleologico - Squadra Forre e Speleosubacquea).
• Australia kple New Zealand (Gambier To ƒe Tsidowo, Nullarbor Dowo, Knight Dahewo):
• Australia (Anyiehe Australia / Gambier To / Nullarbor): Ƒo ka na 000 (112 tso asitelefonwo dzi) na South Australia Kpovitɔwo (SAPOL) Tsi Dɔwɔƒe, te ɖe Australia ƒe Agado me Tsiƒulawo ƒe Habɔbɔ ŋu (CDAA), eye nàƒo ka na Divers Emergency Service (DES) le 1800 088 200.
• New Zealand (Riwaka / Pearse Tsitretsitsi / Knight Dahewo): Yɔ 111 na NZ Kpovitɔwo ƒe Dukɔa ƒe Tsiƒuƒu Ƒuƒoƒo / Cave SAR kple NZ DES (0800 4 DES 111).

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae mele be nàdze agbagba gbeɖe be yeaƒu tsi anɔ agado alo ʋu gbagbã ƒe mɔfiame si bu dim evɔ màbla spool gbã o?¶

Le tsi te si me womekpɔa nu le o katã me la, nukpɔkpɔ ƒe didime aɖeke mele asiwò o eye kpekpeme mele asiwò o, si wɔnɛ be amegbetɔ ƒe to ememetɔ (vestibular system) megasea fli dzɔdzɔe ƒe mɔfiame ƒe seselelãme ɖesiaɖe le sɛkɛnd 5 me o. Tsi me tsiƒula si ƒua tsi ka manɔmee hena "afɔkpo ʋɛ aɖewo ko" si xɔe se be yewole ʋuʋum tẽ ɖo ta gli gbɔ la ƒoa xlãe ɣesiaɣi kloe le mɔ si me susu mele o nu le adzɔge tso mɔfiame la gbɔ, si wɔnɛ be manya wɔ kura be woagakpɔ woƒe gɔmedzeƒe ake o. Ne ètɔ enumake eye nèbla dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe kpe sesẽ aɖe si woɖe ɖe go alo ʋu gbagbã ƒe xɔtunu ŋu le wò Point of Last Contact la, èɖoa ka si woɖo ɖi ale be nàte ŋu atutu ayi gota le akasanu siwo dzi woɖu si didi meta 1.5, meta 3, kple meta 4.5 me eye nàgbugbɔ ɖokuiwò atrɔ ayi titina dedie ɣesiaɣi.

Mɔ ka dzie plastik Line Arrow si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me fia asi agado si le tsi te alo ʋu gbagbã ƒe mɔfiame?¶

To xexeame katã ƒe dukɔwo dome agado me tsi me nɔnɔ ƒe takpekpe (si NSS-CDS, NACD, CDAA, kple CDG ɖo anyi) dzi la, dzogoe etɔ̃ me plastik Directional Line Arrow (Dorff Arrow) ƒe teƒe ɖaɖɛ si le kpuie la fiaa mɔ ƔESIAƔI si te ɖe afisi woate ŋu agbɔ ya le, evɔ gɔmeɖoanyi gbadza si keke la dze ŋgɔ ememe ɖo ta agadoa ƒe megbe. Le zero visibility afisi màte ŋu akpɔ aŋutrɔa o la, èwɔa asibidɛ ƒe asigɛ "OK" ƒo xlã mɔfiame la eye nètsɔa wò asibidɛ ƒuƒluwo alo asigɛ tsɛwo ƒua gbe ɖe plastic-dzesi la dzi bɔbɔe: sea nuwuƒe si nye teƒe ɖaɖɛa, trɔ wò ŋutilã ɖe mɔ ma nu, eye nèdze fli la yome do goe.

Nukata màte ŋu anɔ anyi kpoo ko anɔ lalam be tsikpeawo nava nɔ agado aɖe si le tsi te me o?¶

Togbɔ be atsiaƒu me ke ƒuƒu siwo le tsia me la nɔa tsi me le miniti 1 va ɖo 3 me hã la, tsi si le tsi nyui me limestone-dowo, Mexicotɔwo ƒe cenotes, tomenukuƒe siwo tsi yɔ, kple meli goglo siwo gbã ƒe anyigba kple gliwo dzi la nye calcium carbonate marl si wokpɔna le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me, iron-oxide rust flakes, kple colloidal bentonite clay particles siwo le sue wu micrometer 2. Le Stokes ƒe Sea nu la, anyikpe suesuesue siwo le sue ŋutɔ la nɔa tsi si tsi anyi me gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 48 - edidi wu gas si le scuba cylinder ɖesiaɖe si le ʋuʋu ɖi me zi gbɔ zi ewo. Mele be nàbu eŋu gbeɖe be yealala be yeaɖe anyikpe ado goe o; ke boŋ ele be nàdi mɔfiame la eye nàwɔ asikaka ("braille") dodo enumake.

Nukae nye "Etɔ̃lia ƒe Se" le agado kple ʋu gbagbã me tsi me nɔnɔ ƒe gas dzikpɔkpɔ me?¶

Etɔ̃lia ƒe Sea gblɔ be tsi me ƒuƒula mate ŋu azã woƒe gas si wotsɔ dzea tsii me ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si wu akpa etɔ̃lia (1/3) atsɔ aƒu tsi ayi teƒe si le yame, adzra akpa etɔ̃lia evelia (1/3) ɖo na woawo ŋutɔ ƒe dodo atrɔ ayi tsia dzi, eye wòana akpa etɔ̃lia mamlɛtɔ (1/3) nagaka asi eŋu o abe nusi wodzra ɖo ɖi kpata ene. Wotrɔ asi le etɔ̃lia mamlɛ ma koŋ ŋu be wòana xɔlɔ̃ si ƒe ɖoɖowɔla alo tsigoe do kpo nu le afisi wòge ɖo wu, alo be wòaƒle ɣeyiɣi bubu si hiã ne tsiƒuƒu si me womekpɔa nu le o na wò tsiƒuƒu ƒe duƒuƒu si nèdona la dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ afã.

Nukae wòle be mawɔ ne meƒo ɖokuinye ɖe mɔfiamea me le zero-visibility silt-out me?¶

Gbã la, dzudzɔ ʋuʋu, afɔƒoƒo, alo tsatsam enumake, elabena ʋuʋu le tsatsam trɔa ʋuƒo bɔbɔe si wotsɔa ka ɖeka ƒoa xlãe wòzua koklozi sesẽ aɖe si ƒo xlã wò tsigoe ƒe ʋuƒo kple hosewo. Ne xɔ̃wòa le kadodo me kplii la, ke nɔ ʋuʋum o esime wole ka si le gbadzaa la kɔm blewuu le wò asike alo wò ʋuƒoa dzi to seselelãme me. Ƒo wo katã ta la, MÈGAHE hɛ ado goe eye nàtso agado gã la ƒe mɔfiame ŋkumaʋumaʋui GBEÐE o negbe ɖe nèbla dedienɔnɔ ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe ʋuƒoa dzi gbã (wòtsɔ ka gã si le ŋgɔwò la do ƒome kple ka gã si le megbewò abe tɔdzisasrã si toa mɔa dzi ɖaa ene); mɔfiame si womeɖe mɔ na o lãɖeɖe nana eƒe nugbɔ eveawo siaa ƒua du yia viviti me, si naa wò kple amesiame si le ememe wu la tsia.

Aleke nèwɔna ɖoa dze kple wò tsi me nɔnɔ xɔlɔ̃ le pitch-black zero visibility me ne èle dodom le mɔfiame aɖe dzi?¶

Tsi me ƒuƒulawo zãa "Touch Contact" asikaka kadodo: tsi me ƒuƒula si xɔ ŋgɔ léa mɔfiame la ɖe asibidɛ ƒe gotagome "OK" me esime tsi me ƒuƒula evelia léa tsi me ƒuƒula evelia ƒe bicep alo ŋgɔgbea sesĩe kple asi ɖeka. Kplɔla ƒe alɔnu tutu ɖe ŋgɔ fia be "Yi / Yi ŋgɔ"; hehe yi megbe fia be "Dzudzɔ / Trɔ yi dzi"; ƒoƒo sesẽ ɖeka (si ŋu woɖoa eŋu to ƒoƒo ɖeka) gɔmee nye "Attention / Pausing at a tie-off or line arrow"; eye eve alo esi wu nenema ƒoƒo kabakaba, sesẽ fia "Kpata / Ya Medo / Entangled - Dzudzɔ enumake."

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Scuba regulator si sina faa alo esi mele ya me o le tsi te: Controlled Emergency Swimming Ascent (CESA) .
• Tsi me nɔnɔ kple tsi te afɔkuwo
• Caving kple spelunking ƒe mɔ̃, tsiɖɔɖɔ, kple kekeli ƒe kpododonu
• Tɔdziʋuɖoɖo ƒe ʋuʋu kple tsi fafɛ ƒe agbetsitsi

Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Akpɔkplɔŋutinunya Habɔbɔ ƒe Agado me Tsi me Tsi ƒe Akpa (NSS-CDS) & Dukɔa ƒe Agado me Tsiƒuƒu Habɔbɔ (NACD): Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival (Sheck Exley) & Sukuviwo ƒe Mɔfiamegbalẽ na Silt-Out Mɔxexe, Lost Line Drills, kple Touch-Contact Exits.
• Xexeame Katã ƒe Tsi Te Ŋuti Numekulawo (GUE) & Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Tsimeƒuƒu Dukɔwo Dome (TDI): Tame Nutome Dɔwɔnawo: Anti-Silt Akpɔkplɔ Kick Propulsion, Tactile Line Dzesiwo (Arrows, Cookies, and REMs), kple Bridging Entanglements.
• Great Britain ƒe Agado me Tsiƒuƒu Ƒuƒoƒo (CDG) & Australia ƒe Agado me Tsiƒulawo ƒe Habɔbɔ (CDAA): Sump kple Sinkhole Zero-Visibility Navigation kple Kpata ƒe Line-Didi ƒe Ðoɖowo.
• Dukɔwo Dome Tsi Te Dowo Xɔxɔ Kple Wo Gbugbɔgaxɔ (IUCRR) & Britaintɔwo ƒe Agadowo Xɔxɔ ƒe Aɖaŋuɖoha (BCRC): Tome Tsi me Tsi me Afɔkuwo Ŋuti Numekuku kple Anyigbadziyi-Anyigba Te Xɔname ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ.
• Tsi me ƒuƒulawo ƒe Nuxlɔ̃ame Dɔwɔƒe (DAN): Ƒe Sia Ƒe ƒe Tsimeƒuƒu Ŋuti Nyatakaka: Amewuwu ƒe Ke-Nuwo Ŋuti Numekuku le Agado, Do, Kple Tɔdziʋu Siwo Gblẽ ƒe Gege ɖe Tsi me.