I-Offshore Sailing Distress: I-VHF DSC Mayday, i-EPIRB Activation, kanye nokushiya ku-Liferaft¶

Ukuhamba ngomkhumbi uye ogwini noma ukwenza iphaseji elisogwini ugibele isikebhe sokungcebeleka, i-catamaran, noma umkhumbi wezohwebo omncane kukususa empendulweni yezimo eziphuthumayo zikamasipala. Lapho umshini wokusika ugesi ucisha, umlilo kagesi ugcwalisa intuthu intuthu, umshini wokuwasha udilika olwandle olusindayo, noma isikebhe esinesivinini esikhulu siza ngenjongo enobutha, ukusinda kuncike ezinqubweni zamazwe ngamazwe zokucindezeleka olwandle. Amanethiwekhi esimanje okutakula ngesathelayithi nomsakazo axhunywe i-Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) angakhomba umkhumbi oshayiwe noma yikuphi emhlabeni phakathi nemizuzu embalwa, inqobo nje uma ithimba licupha amasiginali afanele we-elekthronikhi nawezwi ngaphambi kokushiya i-helm.

Ukwethuka nokushiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi amaphutha amabili ayingozi kakhulu ezimeni eziphuthumayo ze-bluewater. Uphenyo lwabalimele olwandle lubonisa ukuthi izikebhe zihlala zintanta isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba abasebenzi bawo bewashiye ezikhunjini zokuphila. Ngaphandle kwalapho umkhumbi wakho ucwila ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, uyasha ungalawuleki, noma uhlukana phakathi etsheni, lwela ukugcina isikebhe sintanta ngenkathi usakaza izexwayiso zokucindezeleka kumasathelayithi nomsakazo. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngemithethonqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo yokudlulisa i-VHF ye-Mayday ekhulunywayo neyedijithali, kusebenze i-406 megahertz (MHz) Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB), ukuphendula ezindleleni zasolwandle ezinobutha, kanye nokwenza uguquko olulawulwayo lube yi-liferaft.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Gqoka ijakhethi yasolwandle kanye namahhanisi okuphepha ngokushesha. Khipha intambo yakho yokubopha uyibeke endaweni kajackline noma indawo yokulala ngaphambi kokuba unyathele emphemeni. Uma ungaphakathi kwendawo etholakala ngamaselula, shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 kwi-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma uhlole eyethu izinombolo eziphuthumayo guide, bese ushintshela kumsakazo we-VHF yasolwandle.
2. Cindezela futhi ubambe inkinobho ebomvu ye-DISTRESS elayishwe entwasahlobo kumsakazo wakho we-VHF wasolwandle imizuzwana engu-5 egcwele. Lokhu kudlulisa ukucindezeleka okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Digital Selective Calling (DSC) ku-VHF Channel 70 equkethe i-Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) yakho enezinhlamvu ezingu-9 kanye nezixhumanisi ze-GPS kuwo wonke umkhumbi nesiteshi sonogada esisogwini esiphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-20 (umakhilomitha angu-2).
3. Sakaza ikholi ekhulunyiwe yaNGO-MAYDAY ku-VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) ngamandla angu-25 watts. Linda imizuzwana engu-15 ngemva kokukhulula inkinobho ebomvu ye-DSC, cindezela iswishi ye-Push-To-Talk (PTT), bese ukhuluma kancane: ithi "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY," sho igama lesikebhe sakho bese uchaza inombolo ye-latitude yakho, chaza inombolo ye-latitude izikhathi ezintathu, unikeze abantu inombolo ye-latitude izikhathi ezintathu. ibhodi, bese uphetha ngokuthi "KUPHELE."
4. Sebenzisa i-EPIRB yakho yesathelayithi engu-406 MHz kanye namabhakhoni e-AIS/PLB omuntu siqu uma uphesheya kolwandle noma ubhekene nengozi enkulu. Khipha i-EPIRB kubakaki bayo, khipha uthi lwe-antenna lubheke phezulu, shintsha ukuguqula okwenziwa ngesandla kube KUVULIWE, bese uyibophela esikhwameni sakho sokubamba noma i-liferaft ukuze idlulisele kunethiwekhi ye-Coat.
5. Lungisa isikhwama somsele bese ubeka i-liferaft ngasohlangothini lwe-leeward (ekwehleni) njengendlela yokugcina kuphela. Letha isikhwama sokubamba izimo eziphuthumayo, izimbiza zamanzi okuphuza ezengeziwe, umsakazo we-VHF ophathwa ngesandla ongangeni manzi, nama-flares kundawo yabashayeli. Bopha umugqa womdwebi we-liferaft ngokuphephile endaweni evulekile yedekhi ngaphambi kokulahla i-valise ngaphezulu.
6. NJALO NYUKA ungene ku-liferaft; ungalokothi ungene emanzini kuze kube yilapho umzimba unyamalala ngaphansi kwakho. Isikebhe esinamaxhaphozi kuseyitshe elikhudlwana elibonwayo nele-radar kunesihlenga senjoloba esingamamitha angu-2 (6.5-foot). Sika umugqa womdwebi kuphela lapho umkhumbi ongumama udonsa ngokoqobo i-liferaft ngaphansi komhlaba.

flowchart TD
    A["Kutholwe Isimo Esiphuthumayo Somkhumbi Wasogwini"] --> B{"Uhlobo Losongo Olusheshayo?"}
    B -->|"Ukucwila, Umlilo, Ukuqothula, noma Inhlekelele Yezokwelapha"| C["Wonke amalungu e-Crew Members Lifejacket, Harness, kanye ne-PLB"]
    B -->|"I-Skiff Esolisayo Esondela Emanzini Ayingozi Ephezulu"| D["Khiya I-Companionway, Uphondo Lomsindo, I-Alter Course Ezilwandle"]
    C --> E["Bamba Inkinobho Yokucindezeleka Ebomvu ye-VHF DSC imizuzwana emi-5 (Ch 70)"]
    D --> F["Shayela i-UKMTO / MSCHOA nge-Satellite Ucingo kanye ne-Trigger SSAS / EPIRB"]
    E --> G["Dlulisa Okukhulunywayo NGOMAYDAY ku-VHF Channel 16 (25W High Power)"]
    G --> H["Sebenzisa i-EPIRB yesathelayithi engu-406 MHz futhi Ubuyise Isikhwama Somjondolo"]
    F --> H
    H --> I{"Ingabe Umkhumbi Ongumama Ungasindiswa Ngokulawulwa Kokulimala?"}
    I -->|"Yebo: Amaphampu asebenzayo noma aqukethe umlilo"| J["Hlala Ne-Yacht, Gcina I-Radio Watch, Lungiselela I-Helicopter Hoist"]
    I -->|"Cha: I-Hull Icwila Ngaphansi Komzila Wamanzi noma Umlilo Ongalawulwa"| K["Vikela Umdwebi Wokusula, Yethula I-Liferaft ku-Leeward Side, Step Up Dry"]

Ukuhlukaniswa komsakazo we-Marine Distress: Mayday, Pan-Pan, kanye ne-Securite¶

Imithethonqubo yezokuxhumana yezizwe ngezizwe elawulwa yiNhlangano Yezokuxhumana Yomhlaba (i-ITU) kanye neNhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngasolwandle (i-IMO) ihlukanisa ukusakazwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zasolwandle zibe izigaba ezintathu ezibalulekile. Ukusebenzisa i-pro-word efanele kutshela izikhungo zokuxhumanisa ukutakula kanye nemikhumbi eseduze ukuthi iphambuke ngokushesha noma ime eduze ukuze uthole usizo oluphuthumayo.

Isebenza kanjani i-Digital Selective Calling (DSC) ku-VHF Channel 70¶

Imisakazo yesimanje ye-VHF yasolwandle kanye namayunithi aphathwa ngesandla ahlanganisa I-Digital Selective Calling (DSC). Ngenkathi amawashi ezwi enzeka kokuthi VHF Channel 16 (156.800 MHz), umsakazo uqapha kanyekanye VHF Channel 70 (156.525 MHz) ukuze uthole ukuqhuma kwedatha yedijithali.

Uma umsakazo wakho we-VHF uxhunywe kwisamukeli se-GPS futhi wahlelwa ngezinombolo zakho ezinezinhlamvu ezingu-9 Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) inombolo yakho, ukuphakamisa ikhava yasentwasahlobo futhi ubambe inkinobho ebomvu ethi DISTRESS imizuzwana engu-5 kufeza imisebenzi emithathu:

1. Ukudluliswa kwe-GPS Okusheshayo: Iqeda iphutha lomuntu ekufundeni amadijithi e-latitude ne-longitude endlini emnyama.
2. Ibhoboza imfuhlumfuhlu yomsindo: Ikhala i-alamu ebhulohweni lawo wonke umkhumbi wezimpahla, umkhumbi wamathangi, kanye ne-Coast Guard shore tower ngaphakathi kwebanga lokubonwayo.
3. Ukushintshwa kwesiteshi okuzenzakalelayo: Kuphoqelela ukuthola imisakazo emikhunjini eseduze ukuthi ishintshele kokuthi Isiteshi 16 ukuze izikhulu zebhuloho zizwe umlayezo wakho owukhulumayo emizuzwaneni engu-15 kamuva.

Uma unemizuzwana engu-10 ngaphambi kokuba ubambe inkinobho ebomvu, sebenzisa ukhiye wemenyu yerediyo ukuze ukhethe okuthi Imvelo Yokucindezeleka (Ukucwila, Umlilo/Ukuqhuma, UPiracy/Armed Attack, I-Man Overboard, noma Ukulahla Umkhumbi). Uma kungenjalo, ukubamba inkinobho ebomvu kuthumela isexwayiso sokucindezeleka Okungaqokwanga ngokulungiswa kwakho kwe-GPS.

Umbhalo oqondile wokusakazwa kwe-VHF Channel 16 Mayday¶

Uma isixwayiso sedijithali semizuzwana emi-5 se-DSC sesiqedile ukudlulisa, linda imizuzwana engu-15, qinisekisa ukuthi umsakazo wakho usethwe kokuthi Isiteshi 16 kanye ne-25 Watts (Amandla Aphezulu), bamba imakrofoni amasentimitha angu-5 (amayintshi angu-2) ukusuka emlonyeni wakho ngaphandle komoya, futhi ufunde lesi script kancane:

"MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Lona umkhumbi kaseyili [Igama Lesikebhe], [Igama Lesikebhe], [Igama Lesikebhe], I-Callsign [Callsign], i-MMSI [funda amadijithi ayi-9 ngawodwana]. MAYDAY, umkhumbi kaseyili [Igama Lesikebhe]. Isikhundla sami iLatitude [Amadigri nemizuzu yedesimali eNyakatho/Ningizimu], Longitude [Amadigri nemizuzu yedesimali eMpumalanga/ENtshonalanga]. Sishayise into engaphansi kwamanzi futhi sithatha amanzi ngokushesha (noma sisho umlilo / ukuqothula / ukuphanga). Sidinga usizo olusheshayo. Kukhona [Inombolo] abadala kanye [Inombolo] izingane esikebheni. Umkhumbi wethu [Ubude ngamamitha nasezinyaweni] [umbala wesikhumba] sloop/catamaran. Sethula i-liferaft ewolintshi futhi sisebenzisa i-406 EPIRB yethu. KUPHELILE."

Dedela inkinobho ethi Push-To-Talk futhi ulalele imizuzwana engu-30. Uma kungekho siteshi esiphendulayo ku-Channel 16, phinda ikholi ye-Mayday ekhulunyiwe ngezikhathi eziyimizuzu emi-2. Uma ungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-40 (22 nautical miles) offshore ngale kwebanga le-VHF futhi uphethe i-transceiver Marine Single Sideband (SSB / HF), dlulisela isexwayiso sokucindezeleka se-DSC kokuthi 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312.0 kHz. noma 16804.5 kHz, kulandelwa iMayday ekhulunywayo ku-2182 kHz, 4125 kHz, 6215 kHz, 8291 kHz, 12290 kHz, noma 16420 kHz*.

Ungasakaza kanjani iMayday Relay lapho uzwa esinye isikebhe sisenkingeni¶

Uma uzwa ucingo lukaMayday olupholile ku-Channel 16 oluvela esikebheni esishayiwe esingatholi mpendulo kuziphathimandla zasogwini ngemva kwemizuzu emibili, unomsebenzi osemthethweni ngaphansi kwe-SOLAS Isahluko V, Umthetho 33 wokudlulisa ucingo lokucindezeleka:

1. Faka isikhathi, igama lomkhumbi ocindezelekile, i-MMSI, izixhumanisi ze-GPS, kanye nemvelo yezimo eziphuthumayo.
2. Dlulisa ku-Channel 16: "MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY. Zonke Iziteshi, lokhu kuwumkhumbi kaseyili [Igama Lesikebhe Sakho, i-Callsign, i-MMSI] izikhathi ezintathu. Okulandelayo kutholwe emkhunjini kaseyili [I-Distressed Boat Name] ku-[Isikhathi UTC] ku-Channel 16..." bese ufunda futhi isikhundla sabo nemininingwane yokucindezeleka.

Amabhikhoni okucindezeleka kwesathelayithi: 406 MHz EPIRBs, PLBs, kanye nama-AIS SART¶

Uma umkhumbi ungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-35 kuya kwangu-50 (amamayela angu-20 kuya kwangu-30) ukusuka ezweni, ukugoba komhlaba kuvimbela amasignali e-VHF ukuthi angafinyeleli ezintini zasogwini. Kulelo banga, umzila wakho oyinhloko wokuphila yi-Cospas-Sarsat satellite search and recovery system, efinyelelwa nge-406 MHz Emergency Position Ebonisa I-Radio Beacon (EPIRB)* noma Personal Locator Beacon (PLB).

Imithetho ebalulekile yokusebenzisa i-406 MHz EPIRB empilweni¶

Landela le mithetho ukuze amasathelayithi azungezayo akhiye kusiginali yakho:

• Gcina i-antenna imile futhi icacile ekuvimbeni: I-EPIRB idlulisa ukuqhuma kwedijithali okungu-5-watt njalo ngamasekhondi angu-50 ngo-406 MHz. Ukubeka ifulethi le-EPIRB phansi ku-liferaft ngaphansi kwamalungu ezisebenzi ezimanzi kuvimbela amandla omsakazo kanye ne-GPS chip yangaphakathi. Nntanta i-EPIRB evulwe ngamanzi olwandle eboshelwe kumkhumbi wokuphila ngendwangu yayo, noma uyishaye iqonde ku-canopy arch ngothi olukhomba ngqo esibhakabhakeni.
• Ungalokothi uvale i-EPIRB ukuze wonge ibhethri uma isicushiwe: Uma IVULIWE esimweni esiphuthumayo, shiya i-EPIRB isebenza ngokuqhubekayo uze uphakanyiswe emkhunjini wokuhlenga noma endizeni enophephela emhlane. Ukuvula nokuvala ibhakoni kuphazamisa ukulandelelwa kwesathelayithi futhi kumise 121.5 MHz isignali yasekhaya kanye ne-AIS strobe izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezithembele kuyo ngesikhathi sokusondela kokugcina.
• Uma wenze kusebenze i-EPIRB ngaphandle kokucindezeleka: Vala ibhikhoni ngokushesha, bese ushayela i-Rescue Coordination Center (RCC)* eseduze noma isiteshi se-Coast Guard ngomsakazo we-VHF noma ngocingo ukuze ubike isexwayiso samanga usebenzisa i-ID yakho ye-Hex enezinhlamvu ezingu-15, ukuze bakhansele ukusesha ngaphandle kwenhlawulo.

Ukulawula umonakalo ngaphambi kokushiya: ukulwa nezikhukhula, umlilo, nokuqothula¶

Ngenxa yokuthi isikebhe esinamamitha angu-12 (amafidi angu-40) sinikeza indawo yokuhlala ephakeme, amanzi ahlanzekile, nokuzinza uma kuqhathaniswa ne-liferaft, umthetho wakho oyinhloko uwuku ukulwela ukusindisa umkhumbi ngenkathi ulungiselela ukushiya ngokuhambisana.

Izikhukhula zemikhumbi yezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokwehluleka kwemikhumbi¶

Uma i-alamu ye-bilge yamanzi aphezulu ikhala noma amanzi ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwamabhodi aphansi:

1. Qalisa wonke amaphampu kagesi nawezandla ngokushesha bese uqala injini yedizili.
2. Nambitha noma hlola izinga lokushisa lamanzi agelezayo: Ipayipi lamanzi ahlanzekile aqhumile lingagcwala ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ngamalitha angu-300 (amalitha angu-80) amanzi okuphuza angenabungozi. Amanzi anosawoti aqinisekisa ukuphulwa kwe-hull yangaphandle noma i-seacock.
3. Thola umthombo ngokuwuhlukanisa ngendlela ehlelekile: Hlola i-propeller shaft seal, i-rudder post gland, isisefo senjini, ama-seacock asendlini yangasese, nama-drain ayisinki.
4. Shayela ipulaki eliphuthumayo le-softwood elinezimo eziphuthumayo kuma-seacock ahlulekile: Konke ukufakwa kwe-out-hull kufanele kube ne-tapered softwood conical plug eboshelwe emzimbeni wevalvu. Uma i-seacock igunda noma ipayipi lihluleka, qinisa ipulaki le-softwood endaweni evulekile.
5. Faka umata wokushayisana wangaphandle (ofaka iseyili) ukuze uthole ukuphuka kwesikhumba: Uma into engaphansi kwamanzi iqhekeza uhlaka lwe-fiberglass phambili, bopha i-jib esindayo noma i-trysail yesiphepho uzungeze ngaphandle komnsalo obanjwe ngemigqa eholela ngaphansi kwe-keel kumawintshi. Umfutho wamanzi udonsa indwangu kaseyili ekuqhekekeni, unciphisa ukungena ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-80.

Ugesi wasolwandle kanye negumbi lenjini liyasha¶

Umlilo esikebheni se-fiberglass ngasogwini ukhiqiza intuthu emnyama ye-cyanide ne-carbon monoxide ngenkathi kuncibilika amapayipi angaphansi komugqa wamanzi.

• Vala amaswishi kaphethiloli nebhethri kuqala: Donsa ikhebula lokuvala uphethiloli wedizili, VALA iswishi ye-propane solenoid bese uvala ivelufa yethangi, bese uvala Amashishi Okuhlukanisa Ibhethri Avale (ngemuva kokuthumela i-VHF DSC yakho Mayday).
• Ungalinge uvule ihashi lekhompathimenti yenjini eshisayo: Ukuvula ibhokisi lenjini kuphakela umoya-mpilo emlilweni, okubangela ukuqubuka kwe-backdraft. Khipha isicishamlilo esihlanzekile (FM-200, Novec 1230, noma i-CO2) noma isicishamlilo se-ABC esinekhemikhali eyomile ngokuqondile embobeni yokucima umlilo yenjini* ngembobo kakhiye ngaphandle kokuphakamisa i-hatch.
• Qinisekisa umoya wesikebhe ukuze unciphise ilangabi lokubhebhetheka: Uma umlilo ugqashuka uye phambili, shintsha indawo ukuze umoya uphephethe intuthu namalangabi asuke endaweni yabashayeli kanye nendawo yokubeka i-liferaft ngemuva.

Ukuqothula olwandle olunzima¶

Uma i-shroud noma izingxenye zehlathi kanye nensika iphahlazeka eceleni:

1. I-akhawunti yabo bonke abasebenzi futhi uhlole ukulimala ekhanda noma umgogodla.
2. Ungayiqalisi injini uze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho izintambo ezihamba ngemuva ngaphansi kwengemuva. Ukusonga i-halyard eduze kweshaft yophephela kukhubaza ukuhamba.
3. Vikela i-hull engxenyeni ephukile ye-mast: Uma ishubhu yensika ihamba phezu kwamagagasi futhi isongela ukubhoboza imbobo ngezansi komugqa wamanzi, nqamula izinsimbi ezimile. Sebenzisa i-i-hydraulic rigging cutters, ishizolo elibandayo nesando, noma donsa izikhonkwane ze-cotter namaphini e-clevis uwakhiphe kuma-turnbuckles ukuze umshini uzike ucace. Shiya i-stub engamasentimitha angu-30 (unyawo olu-1) yekhebula ye-coax ukuze ubambe i-antenna ye-VHF ephuthumayo.

Ubugebengu basolwandle, izindlela ezisolisayo, nokuvikela imikhumbi emincane yokugibela¶

Ukugebenga kuhlonyiwe olwandle nokugibela izikebhe ezincane ezinodlame kusalokhu kuyingozi emihubheni ethile yasolwandle: iGulf of Aden, iSomali Basin, kanye neningizimu yoLwandle Olubomvu (Bab-el-Mandeb), Gulf of Guinea (West Africa), klzzwxh:0023 ne-Straccait Coast **iningizimu yaribbean kanye neMelika Ephakathi**.

Ukubhaliswa kwangaphambili kwezokuthutha emihubheni yasolwandle enobungozi kakhulu¶

Ngaphambi kokungena kunoma iyiphi i-High Risk Area (HRA) noma i-Voluntary Reporting Area (VRA), izikebhe zasolwandle kufanele zibhalise uhlelo lwazo lokudlula ezikhungweni zokuqapha zasolwandle zesifunda futhi zilandele Izinkambiso Zokuphatha Ezingcono Kakhulu (BMP):

• I-Indian Ocean, uLwandle Olubomvu, iGulf of Aden, kanye noLwandle lwase-Arabia: Bhalisa ne Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) (mschoa.org) bese uthumela imibiko yesimo sansuku zonke ku-United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO)* nge-imeyili (watchkeepers@ukmto.org) noma ifoni yesathelayithi (+44 2392 222060).
• IGulf of Guinea (West Africa): Bhalisa bese ubika ku-MDAT-GoG (Maritime Domain Awareness for Trade - Gulf of Guinea)* nge watchkeepers@mdat-gog.org noma ucingo +33 2 98 22 88 88.
• I-Southeast Asia (Malacca Strait, Singapore Strait, Sulu Sea): Bika Isikhungo Sokwabelana Ngolwazi lwe-ReCAAP kanye Nesikhungo Solwazi Fusion (IFC) eSingapore (+65 6594 5728).
• Inqubomgomo ye-Automatic Identification System (AIS): Landela izeluleko zamanje ze-UKMTO noma ze-MDAT-GoG zokuthi usethe Ikilasi B AIS libe Imodi Ethule (Yamukela Kuphela) ngenkathi udlula izindawo zobugebengu, futhi ushintshe i-AIS ibuyele ku-FULL TRANSMIT ngokushesha lapho uthola khona indlela esolisayo noma uthumele uMayday.

Ukuhlola indlela esolisayo ngokumelene nezikebhe zokudoba zendawo¶

Abadobi abayizingcweti kuzo zonke izindawo ezishisayo basebenzisa izikebhe ezivuleka ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile baqondise ezikebheni ukuze bahwebe ngezinhlanzi noma bakuxwayise ngokuthi uqhelelane namanethi. Hlukanisa isikebhe sokudoba ephathini enobutha usebenzisa lezi zinkomba:

Izenzo zokuqondisa nokusinda ngesikhathi sokusebenza okusebenzayo noma ukugibela¶

Uma i-radar noma i-visual lookout ibona ama-skiffs anesivinini esikhulu avala i-bearing engaguquki ngaphandle kwempahla yokudoba ebonakalayo:

1. Khalisa i-alamu, qala injini eyinhloko nge-RPM egcwele, futhi uvuse bonke abasebenzi. Wonke umuntu ugqoka ijakhethi yempilo (ene-PLB), izingubo ezimnyama, nezicathulo, futhi uhamba ngaphansi kwamadekhi ngaphandle komqhubi.
2. Shintsha inkambo 30 kuya ku-45 degrees ngokushesha ukuze uhlole inhloso: Uma iskifu sishintsha umzila ukuze sigcine ukunqamuka okungaguquki kuya ngasemuva kwakho, kuphathe njengendlela enobutha.
3. Ziqondise emoyeni onamandla kakhulu kanye ne-wave chop ewumqansa: Izitshudeni ze-fiberglass ezilula zilahlekelwa ukuzuzisa kwazo isivinini lapho zishayisana emanzini aphakeme amamitha angu-1.5- kuya kwangu-2.5 (amafithi angu-5 kuya kwangu-8), futhi iminsalo egobayo yenza kube nzima ukuhhuka ileli noma ukukhomba izikhali. Gcina oseyili beshidi balele injini ishaya ngamandla.
4. Sakaza i-Piracy Mayday esheshayo bese ucupha amabhikhoni wesathelayithi:
   • Bamba inkinobho ye-VHF DSC Distress bese usakaza ku-Channel 16: "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Le yisikebhe [Igama, i-Callsign, i-MMSI]. Isikhundla [Lat/Long]. Singaphansi kokuhlaselwa kuhlonyiwe ngabashushumbisi [Inombolo]. Cela usizo lwezempi ngokushesha."
   • Yenza kusebenze 406 MHz EPIRB yakho bese ucindezela inkinobho ye-SOS kokuthi Iridium / Garmin inReach isithunywa sakho.
   • Dayela UKMTO (+44 2392 222060) noma isikhungo sokubuka sasolwandle sesifunda kufoni yakho yesathelayithi bese ushiya ulayini uvuliwe.
5. Khanyisa idekhi bese usakaza imigqa elandelanayo ngasemuva: Ebusuku, khanyisa izibani zesikhukhula bese ukhanyisa ukukhanya kafushane ngasesiketini. Sakaza amamitha angu-50 (amafidi angu-165) omugqa we-polypropylene ontantayo usuka kuzo zombili izindawo ezingemuva ukuya kophephela abangcolile.
6. Uma abagibeli benezikhali ezidwetshiwe futhi beseduze, YEKA UKUGWEBA futhi uzinikele ngokuthula:
   • Uma amadoda ahlomile esengaphakathi kwebanga elingenalutho lokudubula noma ukugibela, ukuqhubeka nokulwa kuzobulala abasebenzi.
   • Phinda ubuyele ekungathathi hlangothi, khiyela i-hatch engumngane ngaphakathi uma unenhloko enkulu yenqaba (noma ume uphakamise izandla ezingenalutho endaweni ephakeme yehlombe uma usedekhini), ungalokothi wenze umnyakazo kungazelelwe, gwema ukuthintana kwamehlo okunonya, futhi usho ngomoya ophansi ukuthi azikho izikhali emkhunjini.
   • Gcina "isikhwama se-decoy wallet ne-electronics" equkethe ama-dollar angu-200 kuya kwangu-400, ikhadi eliphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye nefoni endala eduze kwetafula leshadi ukuze abaphangi bayibambe bahambe.

Ukulungisa isikhwama somsele kanye nokusebenzisa ukwethulwa okulawulwayo kwe-liferaft¶

Uma izikhukhula zinqoba amaphampu akho noma umlilo ukuphoqa ukuba uphume emkhunjini, ukusinda olwandle olwandle (ISO 9650-1 Thayipha 1 noma SOLAS A-Pack) kuncike ekutheni ufika nani emkhunjini nokuthi uvimbela kanjani isihlenga ukuthi singaphephuki.

Uhlu lokuhlola lwesikhwama esiphuthumayo saphesheya kwezilwandle (isikhwama somsele).¶

Gcina isikhwama esingangeni manzi, esinyakazayo isikhwama somsele sigxunyekwe eceleni kwesitebhisi esihambisana nomgwaqo, sigcwele lezi zinto:

• Ibhaliswe ngo-406 MHz EPIRB kanye ne-spare Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) kanye ne-AIS SART.
• Irediyo ye-VHF entantayo engangeni manzi (ibhethri elishajiwe kanye nesipele se-alkaline AA).
• Isikhulumi sesathelayithi yezindlela ezimbili (I-Garmin inReach / Iridium) esikhwameni esomile esinebhange lamandla elingu-10,000 mAh.
• Isiginali ye-SOLAS pyrotechnic ne-electronic distress: 4 ama-parachute abomvu, ama-flare abomvu angu-4 aphethwe ngesandla, amathini entuthu awolintshi angu-2, istrobe ye-LED SOS engangeni manzi, nesibuko esibonisa izimpawu.
• I-hydration yesimo esiphuthumayo: Klipha okubili 10-litre (2.5-gallon) amajerrycan epulasitiki agcwalise izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezigcwele amanzi ahlanzekile (ukuze antante) eduze kwesikhwama somsele, noma pakisha imanuwali reverse-osmosis watermaker kanye nezikhwama zamanzi ezingu-125 mL.
• Impahla yokuguliswa ulwandle nekhithi yezokwelapha: Ukuwohloka ngomlomo ondansetron (Zofran) noma iziqephu ze-scopolamine namathebulethi meclizine ahlafunwayo, i-tourniquet, amabhandeshi angangeni manzi, okokuvimbela ilanga, kanye nemithi yezinsuku eziyi-14.
• Izilinganiso zokusinda kanye negiya elishisayo: Amabha okunikezwayo okunekhalori ephezulu (2,400 kuya ku-3,600 kcal), i-SOLAS thermal protective aid (TPAs), ummese ontantayo onesihloko esibuthuntu, amalanyadi, ithoshi, amagilavu ​​e-nitrile, namakhophi alayiniwe amaphasipoti nokubhaliswa.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthunyelwa kwe-liferaft kanye nenqubo yokugibela¶

Ungalokothi uqalise i-liferaft kusenesikhathi kakhulu; i-liferaft unballsted eboshelwe emoyeni ovunguzayo ingaphehla noma inqamule ulayini wayo ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani agibele. Lapho ukushiya umkhumbi kuba yinto engagwemeki:

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi umugqa womdwebi uboshelwe endaweni esindayo ku-yacht: Ngaphambi kokuqaqa ikanisteri noma i-valise, khipha imitha engu-1 (amafidi angu-3) womugqa omhlophe wopende bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isiphetho esibabayo sicashwe endaweni eqinile yedekhi.
2. Yethula ithini noma vala i-valise ohlangothini lwe-LEEWARD (ehlisa umoya): Phonsa i-liferaft overboard ohlangothini lwe-leeward (lapho kucace khona ingemuva nezikhala eziwayo) ukuze umoya uvunguze isikebhe sibheke esihlengeni.
3. Khipha wonke umugqa womdwebi bese unyathela kanzima ukuze ushise isilinda se-CO2: Izinto eziningi ezisindayo zinomugqa womdwebi 8 kuya ku-12 wamamitha (26 kuya ku-40 amafidi) ubude. Donsa ubude bonke kuze kube yilapho ima, bese unikeza ukudonsa okunamandla kwezandla ezimbili ukuze ucuphe ivalvu ye-CO2/N2. Emasekhondini angama-20, isihlenga sizogcwala umoya.
4. Ngakwesokudla i-liferaft uma ivutheleka ibheke phansi: Uma ihlanekezelwe, umbhukudi ogqoke ijakhethi lokuphila futhi eboshelwe esikebheni kufanele agibele ohlangothini lapho isilinda CO2 ilenga khona, abambe ibhande elingakwesokudla elinqamula phansi, ancike emuva, futhi adonsele isihlenga emoyeni.
5. Donsa isihlenga usiqinise eduze futhi STEP UP OMA: Hambisa ulayini womdwebi ukuze ulethe umgwaqo wokugibela uxhumene nesitimela se-leeward noma inkundla yokubhukuda. Faka isikhwama somsele nezimbiza zamanzi ngaphakathi kuqala. Iba nebhodi labasebenzi elishesha kakhulu kuqala ukuze lizinze phansi futhi lisize abanye ngaphakathi. Ungalokothi ugxumele ku-canopy ye-liferaft.
6. Sika umugqa womdwebi ngommese wokuphepha ngaphakathi kwendawo yokungena yesihlenga: Uma wonke umuntu esengaphakathi futhi isikebhe semikhumbi sicwila noma sisha eduze ngokwanele ukuze kuncibilike amashubhu, khipha ummese ontantayo onesihloko esibuthuntu oboshelwe eduze komnyango wokungena bese usika umugqa womdwebi. Faka i-drogue (ihange lasolwandle) ngokushesha ukuze uhambe kahle.

Ukusinda ngaphakathi kwe-liferaft kanye nokukhipha indiza enophephela emhlane noma ukutakula umkhumbi¶

Uma usuphumile emkhunjini omkhulu, sebenzisa umkhumbi wasolwandle Izimiso Ezine Zokusinda: Ukuvikelwa, Indawo, Amanzi, Nokudla phakathi nehora lokuqala ugibele.

Izenzo ezisheshayo zehora lokuqala ngaphakathi kwe-liferaft¶

1. Sakaza ihange lasolwandle (i-drogue): Qinisekisa ukuthi ihange lasolwandle lendwangu lisetshenziswe emugqeni walo wokushwibeka wamamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100) ukuze uqondise indawo engenisa umoya owehlayo, unciphise ukukhukhuleka ngamaphesenti angu-70, futhi uzinze lapho uguquguquka.
2. Khipha amanzi olwandle futhi womise iphansi ngokuphelele: Ukuhlala emanzini olwandle axegayo kuqeda ukushisa komzimba futhi kubangela izilonda emanzini anosawoti kanye ne-hypothermia. Sebenzisa ibhakede le-bailer nezipontshi ukomisa phansi, futhi uvuthele insulating double floor emanzini abandayo.
3. Vala izivalo zokungena kwe-canopy bese usakaza imithi yokuguliswa olwandle: Zipfaze iziphepho ezibheke emoyeni ushiye igebe elincane lokungenisa umoya phezulu. Cela wonke umuntu aphuze imithi yokulwa nokuguliswa kolwandle ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale isicanucanu.
4. Nikeza ngokuzungezisa iwashi futhi ubophe yonke into njengemodemu: Bopha isikhwama somsele, izimbiza zamanzi, i-EPIRB, ne-VHF ephathwa ngesandla kumaluphu angaphakathi entambo ukuze kungalahleki lutho ku-rollover. Misa ukujikeleza kwewashi lehora elingu-1 endaweni yokubuka.

Imithetho eqinile yokukala amanzi nokudla olwandle¶

Umzimba womuntu ungaphila amasonto ama-3 ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-6 kuphela ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlanzekile:

• Amanzi angenawo amanzi emahoreni okuqala angu-24 (ngaphandle kwalapho elimele noma ujuluke ushisa kakhulu): Emahoreni okuqala angu-24, izinso zakho zikhipha uketshezi olwengeziwe njengomchamo. Ngemva kwamahora angu-24, isilinganiso amamililitha angu-500 (ama-ounces angu-16 / 2 izinkomishi) zamanzi ahlanzekile ngomuntu ngamunye ngosuku, aphuze kancane.
• Ungalokothi uphuze amanzi olwandle noma umchamo: Amanzi olwandle anosawoti omningi ophindwe kathathu kunegazi elingacutshungulwa; ukuphuza amanzi olwandle kuphoqa izinso zakho ukuthi zikhiphe amanzi ezithweni zakho ukuze zikhiphe i-sodium eningi, okubangela ukwehluleka kwezinso kanye ne-delirium. Ukuphuza umchamo kunomphumela ofanayo onobuthi.
• Ungawadli amaprotheni, izinhlanzi, noma ukudla okomile ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza ngokweqile: Ukugaya amaprotheni kudla amanzi angaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze kukhishwe i-urea nitrogen. Yidla kuphela ama-carbohydrate amabhisikidi okusinda e-SOLAS uze uqoqe amanzi emvula amasha ophahleni lwe-canopy oluhlanjululwe.

Ukuhlenga i-helicopter hoist nokuphepha kokuthatha umkhumbi¶

Lapho indiza enophephela emhlane noma umkhumbi womthengisi we-AMVER ufika, ukudluliselwa kokugcina kudinga isiyalo esiqinile:

1. Sungula othintana naye emsakazweni ku-VHF Channel 16 futhi ulandele imiyalelo yomshayeli wendiza. Ungalokothi uqhumise i-rocket flare uma indiza isondela. Sebenzisa ukuvuleka okubomvu okubanjwe ngesandla (okubanjwe phezu kohlangothi lwe-leeward), intuthu ewolintshi, noma i-LED SOS strobe.
2. Lungiselela i-hurricane-force rotor downwash: Indiza enophephela emhlane ezulazulayo ikhiqiza ukuqhuma okuya phansi okudlula 130 km/h (amafindo angu-70) okungaphephula i-liferaft. Gqoka ijakhethi yakho yokuphila kanye nezibuko, vikela igiya elixegayo, bese uphumela emanzini kuphela uma umbhukudi wokutakula ekuyala ukuba wenze kanjalo.
3. Ungalokothi uthinte ikhebula lokunyuswa kwendiza enophephela emhlane noma ubhasikidi kuze kube yilapho ithinta amanzi noma idekhi kuqala: Irotha ephothayo yakha 100,000 wamavolthi kagesi omile ocingweni oluphakamisayo. Ukubamba ihuku ngaphambi kokuba lingene olwandle kuletha ukushaqeka. Vumela amanzi agxilise ikhebula kuqala, ungalokothi ubophe intambo yokuphakamisa esikebheni sakho noma umkhumbi wokuphila, futhi ugcine izingalo zakho zigoqe ngaphakathi kubhasikidi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kwenzekani uma ngibambe inkinobho ebomvu ye-VHF DSC Distress imizuzwana engu-5 lapho umsakazo wami ungenayo i-MMSI noma i-GPS exhunyiwe?¶

Uma umsakazo wakho we-VHF ungahlelwanga ngenombolo ye-MMSI yamadijithi angu-9, inkinobho ebomvu ye-DSC Distress ngeke idlulise ukuqhuma kwedijithali; kufanele ushintshele ku-VHF Channel 16 futhi wenze ukusakazwa kwe-Mayday ngezwi. Uma umsakazo wakho une-MMSI engenaso isamukeli se-GPS esifakwe intambo, ubambe inkinobho ebomvu imizuzwana emi-5 kudlulisa isexwayiso se-DSC sedijithali esinobunikazi be-MMSI yomkhumbi wakho kuyo yonke imikhumbi neziteshi ezisogwini ebangeni, futhi kufanele ufunde i-latitude yakho nobude ngokuzwakalayo ku-Channel 16.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngithenge futhi ngiphathe i-EPIRB noma i-Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) yokuhamba ngomkhumbi ogwini lolwandle?¶

Womabili ama-EPIRB nama-PLB asakaza nge-406 MHz ye-Cospas-Sarsat satellite distress frequency enesignali ye-homing engu-121.5 MHz, kodwa asebenza izindima ezihlukene: i-EPIRB ibhaliswe emkhunjini, intanta iqonde ngokuzenzakalelayo, isebenze lapho ithinta amanzi, futhi igijima okungenani amahora angu-48 ku- -48 degrees Fahre (degrees Celsius) I-PLB ibhaliswe kumuntu ngamunye, isebenza amahora angu-24, kufanele isebenze mathupha, futhi idinga ukuba umbhukudi abambe uthi olungaphezulu kwamanzi, okwenza i-EPIRB idingeke emkhunjini kanye nama-PLB afanele ijakhethi lokuphila lelungu ngalinye.

Ingabe kufanele ngihlale esikebheni sami esihlakazekile noma esigcwele amanzi noma ngingene emkhunjini wokuphila ngokushesha?¶

Ngaphandle kwalapho isikebhe sakho sesikebhe sicwila ngaphansi kolwandle noma sisha ngomlilo ongalawuleki, hlala ugibele isikebhe ngenkathi ulungisa umkhumbi wokuphila eduze. Ngesikhathi somjaho we-Fastnet Race wango-1979 kanye nezinhlekelele zika-1998 eSydney kuya eHobart Yacht Race, izisebenzi eziningi zabhubha ngemuva kokushiya izikebhe ezilimele zibe yimikhumbi egingqika ngenxa yamagagasi aphukayo, kuyilapho izikebhe zabo ezazilahliwe kamuva zatholakala zintanta zinjalo. Njalo NYUKA ungene ku-liferaft kuphela lapho i-yacht yehla.

Ingabe imikhumbi ethwala impahla yabathengisi ingakwazi ngempela ukuhlenga isikebhe esincane noma umkhumbi wokuphila esimweni sezulu esibi esingasogwini?¶

Yebo, ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue (AMVER) kanye nezibopho zamazwe ngamazwe ze-SOLAS, imikhumbi yeziqukathi zezentengiselwano kanye namathangi athangi kuvame ukuphambukiswa yi-Rescue Coordination Centers ukuze kutakulwe izikebhe ezicindezelekile phesheya kolwandle. Uma umkhumbi omkhulu uzulazula uzungeza isihlenga sempilo yakho ukuze udale amanzi azolile futhi wehlise iladi lomshayeli noma wehlise uhlaka lwawo lwensimbi, linda kuze kube yilapho isihlenga sivikelekile eduze, gqoka ijakhethi yakho yokuphila, futhi uvumele ithimba labatakuli liphakamise abasindile abalimele ngobhasikidi we-crane kunokuba ugibele intambo engamamitha angu-15 (amafidi angu-50) ekhathele.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-International Maritime Organization (IMO) kanye ne-ICAO (International): I-IAMSAR Manual, uMqulu III kanye ne-SOLAS Isahluko V, Umthethonqubo 33.
• I-International Telecommunication Union (ITU, International): Izimiso Zomsakazo, I-Athikili 32: GMDSS Distress Communications.
• I-United States Coast Guard (USCG, United States): GMDSS, DSC VHF Channel 70, 406 MHz EPIRB Operations, kanye Nezinqubo ze-AMVER.
• I-UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) kanye ne-RNLI (United Kingdom): Ukuphepha Kwasolwandle, Ukusinda Kwe-Liferaft, kanye Nesiqondiso Sokudlulisa I-Helicopter Hi-Line.
• I-OCIMF, i-ICS, i-BIMCO, ne-UKMTO (yamazwe ngamazwe): Izindlela Zokuphatha Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokunqanda Ukukhohlisa (BMP5).
• I-World Sailing (International): Imithetho Ekhethekile Yase-Offshore (OSR) Yesigaba 0, 1, kanye Nemikhumbi Emi-2.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Izimo eziphuthumayo zomkhumbi we-Cruise, shiya umkhumbi, nomuntu ongaphezu komkhumbi
• Ukuvalelwa komngcele, ukusesha kwefoni, nokunqatshelwa kokungena
• Usizo lwenxusa kanye nenxusa
• Izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe
• Izinombolo eziphuthumayo