I-Steam Radiator Blowout, i-Hydronic Boiler Dry-Firing, kanye ne-Scalding Steam Leaks¶

Amakhaya amadala anomndeni owodwa, amatshe ansundu anezitezi eziningi, kanye nezakhiwo zamafulethi ezinomlando ngokuvamile zithembele ku-cast-ayina ipayipi elilodwa noma amapayipi amabili amapayipi esitimu radiator noma acindezelwe i-closed-loop hydronic (amanzi ashisayo) baseboard kanye nezinhlelo zerediyetha ezishiswa igesi yemvelo engaphansi, i-propane, noma ibhayela likawoyela. Nakuba amasistimu werediyetha yensimbi ehlala isikhathi eside ngokuphawulekayo, ingxenye eyodwa ehlulekile engu-$20 kurediyetha yegumbi, ikakhulukazi i-valve i-thermostatic air vent valve egqwalile ephuma emiculweni yayo noma ivuleke kakhulu, ingagcwalisa ngokuzuma igumbi lokulala noma igumbi lokuhlala ngendiza evala izindlebe, ebhongayo engu **100-degree-Celsius (212-degree*Fahrenheit-live steam) Phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30, isitimu esingancibilikisiwe sijiya ezindongeni nakusilingi, sicwecwa upende nesithombe sangemuva, sigxumeke phansi ngokhuni oluqinile, sigcwale udonga olusomile luze lubhideke, futhi kudaleke izinga lesithathu ingozi yokushiswa kwesitimu ezinganeni, izilwane ezifuywayo, nanoma ubani ozama ukubamba irediyetha ngezandla ezingenalutho.

Okuyingozi nakakhulu ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi esisodwa phansi esitezi esingaphansi lapho irediyetha yesitimu iqhumisa imbobo yayo noma ipayipi elibuyiselayo ligqwala: ilitha ngalinye lesitimu esiphumela ekamelweni eliphezulu singamanzi angajiki futhi angaphinde ageleze abuyele kubhayela wensimbi. Uma ibhayela elithi Low Water Cut-Off (LWCO) lintanta noma uphenyo lungcoliswe udaka olugqwalile futhi lwehluleka ukuvala isishisi segesi noma uwoyela, izinga lamanzi ngaphakathi kubhayela lehla ngaphansi kweshidi le-cast-iron, okubangela ukudubula okomile. Uma i-cast-iron noma ibhayela yensimbi yomile, izingxenye zayo zensimbi zishisa kakhulu ukudlula 425 kuya ku-540 degrees Celsius (800 kuya ku-1,000 degrees Fahrenheit). Uma umnikazi wendlu ongaqeqeshiwe noma isiqashi ehlela egumbini elingaphansi, ebona igeyiji yokubona engilazi engenalutho, bese evula ivalve yokuphakela amanzi abandayo, amanzi abandayo angenayo ashaya insimbi ecwebezelayo eshisa bhá futhi akhanyise ngokushesha abe yisitimu, anwebe 1,600 kuya ku-1,700 izikhathi ngevolumu futhi abangele inhlekelele* yokuqhuma kwendlu. Ukwazi ukushaya inkinobho kabhayela wezimo eziphuthumayo obomvu kuqala, zivikele kumajethi esitimu ashisayo angabonakali, ikepisi noma uhlukanise i-radiator eshaywayo ngemva kokwehla kwengcindezi, futhi uhlole isando samanzi esinobudlova ngokumelene ne-runaway pressuretrol kugcina ikhaya lakho liphephile.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Gcina wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo, okungenani amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) kude nerediyetha eheyizayo noma efuthayo. Ukuphunyuka kwesitimu esibukhoma ngaphansi kwengcindezi cishe akubonakali kumasentimitha okuqala angu-2.5 ukuya kwangu-5 (amayintshi angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2) khona kanye emlonyeni ngaphambi kokuba kuphole ngokwanele ukuze kuminyene kube yifu elimhlophe elibonakalayo. Ukufinyelela phakathi noma eduze kwe-steam ebhongayo ngezandla ezingenalutho noma amagilavu ​​kakotini azacile kubangela ukushuba okugcwele ngokushesha (i-degree yesithathu) ukusha njengoba umusi ujikela esikhumbeni futhi ukhulula ukushisa kwawo okucashile kokuhwamuka.
2. Vala isishisi sebhayela ngokushesha usebenzisa I-Emergency Shutoff Switch ebomvu phezulu ezitebhisini ezingaphansi (noma jikisa i-thermostat yakho esesodongeni yonke uye phansi). Esikhundleni sokulwa nerediyetha eshisayo eklabalasayo kuyilapho ibhayela liqhubeka nokumpompa isitimu esisha phezulu kwamapayipi, sika umthombo wokushisa kuqala. Yonke ibhoyela kawoyela noma yegesi ethobela ikhodi inepuleti lekhava elithi Emergency Shutoff Switch elibomvu elibekwe phezulu ezitebhisini ezingaphansi noma ngaphandle nje komnyango wegumbi lezinsiza. Iphenye ukuze ithi VALIWE, bese wehlise i-thermostat yokushisisa odongeni yakho ibe isilungiselelo esiphansi kakhulu (10 degrees Celsius / 50 degrees Fahrenheit noma OFF).
3. Endabeni yokungenisa umoya ovunguzayo efulethini lapho ongakwazi khona ukufinyelela kubhayela ongaphansi: vala ivalve yokunikezela engaphansi kwerediyetha ngokwewashi ukuze UVALE usebenzisa amagilavu ​​omsebenzi esikhumba esindayo agoqwe phezu kwethawula lokugeza elomile. Ungalokothi usebenzise ithawula elimanzi (amanzi ahambisa ukushisa ngokushesha ngendwangu futhi ashise iminwe yakho). Sondela kurediyetha ohlangothini okuphambene nejethi lesitimu esibalekayo, hlala uphansi eduze naphansi (umusi ukhuphuka ngokushesha ubheke ophahleni), bopha ithawula eliwugqinsi lokugeza okomile ngethambo eduze kwesibambo esiyindilinga kuvalvu yepayipi engezansi, bese uyiphendula ngokwewashi (iqiniswe kwesokudla) yonke indlela ize ime.
4. Vula iwindi legumbi elithintekile ngamasentimitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 (amayintshi angu-2 kuya kwangu-4) bese uvala umnyango ongaphakathi wegumbi. Lapho ibhayela noma ivalvu yokuphakela phansi ivaliwe, vula iwindi langaphandle ukuze ifu eliminyene lomhwamuko liphume ngaphandle kunokuba lithuthele ephasijini liyocupha ama-alamu kagesi noma umshini wokukhipha ugesi ocwiliswayo.
5. Hlola ingilazi yokubona amanzi kubhayela ongaphansi kanye negeji yokucindezela ukusuka ebangeni eliphephile ngaphandle kokuthinta noma yimaphi amavalvu amanzi. Uma usuciphise iswishi yesimo esiphuthumayo ukuthi IVALI, bheka igeji yamanzi yengilazi emile yebhayela futhi uyindilinga igeji yokucindezela:
6. Ku- kubhayela wesitimu sokuhlala, umfutho ojwayelekile wokusebenza uphansi ngokuphawulekayo, ngokuvamile u-*3.5 kuya ku-14 kilopascals (0.5 ukuya ku-2.0 PSI)**, futhi ungalokothi ube ngaphezu kuka-*35 kPa (5 PSI)**. Uma inaliti yokucindezela iphiniwe ngenhla 70 ukuya ku-100 kPa (10 kuya ku-15 PSI) noma i-Pop Safety Relief Valve ephezu kukabhayela ingumusi obhongayo, phuma ngaphansi kwesitezi futhi uyivumele icindezele isishisi IVALIWE.
7. Uma ithubhu lengilazi elibonayo lingenalutho, shiya i-valve yokuphakela amanzi ingakathintwa futhi uvumele ibhayela liphole amahora ambalwa.
8. Uma irediyetha yamanzi ashisayo (i-hydronic) noma ipayipi lebhodi lesisekelo liqhekekile futhi lifafaza amanzi awuketshezi amnyama/agqwalile phansi, vala kokubili iswishi yamandla kabhayela kanye nevalvu ye-Make-up / Auto-Fill yamanzi abandayo. Ngokungafani nerediyetha yesitimu (evame ukugcwala umoya kanye nomhwamuko ophansi), irediyetha yamanzi ashisayo e-hydronic icindezela ku-2080 kuya ku-2080 kilogram. I-PSI)** enevalvu yokugcwalisa enciphisa ukucindezela okuzenzakalelayo empompa ngokuqhubekayo amanzi ahlanzekile omgwaqo ekuvuzeni. Vala iswishi yamandla ebhayela bese uvala ivalve yebhola yethusi khona kanye ngenhla kwensimbi emise Ivaluvu Yokunciphisa Ukucindezela (isigcwalisi esizenzakalelayo) epayipini lamanzi abandayo elingaphansi.

Ishadi lokugeleza eliphuthumayo le-steam ne-hydronic radiator triage¶

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo ukuze ukhombe ukuthi ingabe ubhekene nokuqhunyiswa kweradiyetha yesitimu esinengcindezi ephansi, ukugqabuka kwepayipi lamanzi ashisayo e-hydronic elicindezelweyo, isando samanzi e-condensate enodlame, noma ibhayela yokudubula okomile.

flowchart TD
    Start["Kutholwe Isimo Esiphuthumayo Se-radiator noma se-Boiler"] --> SystemType{"1. Yini ephuma kurediyetha noma kubhayela?"}

    SystemType -->|"A. Ifu lesitimu esimhlophe elibhongayo kanye nokuhayiza/ukukhafula<br/>kusuka kukhoni encane ye-chrome ohlangothini lwerediyetha"| SteamVent["I-Steam Radiator Air Vent Blowout:<br/>1. Hlala u-3 m (10 ft) ubuya ku-steam jet<br/>2. Phenya Ibhayela Elibomvu Elingaphansi Kwendlu Shintshela ukuze UVALE<br/>3. I-thermostat yodonga ephansi ukuze ibe buncane"]

    SystemType -->|"B. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ashisayo agqwalile/amnyama<br/>afafazwa emzimbeni werediyetha, i-valve, noma i-baseboard"| HydronicLeak["I-Presurised Hydronic Hot-Water Rapture:<br/>1. Phenya Ibiyela Ebomvu Shintshela ukuze UVALE<br/>2. Vala Ivalvu Yokugcwalisa Ngokuzenzakalelayo Amanzi Abandayo kubhayela<br/>3. I-valve yendawo yodwa noma i-dreyini ye-boiler evulekile ukuze kwehlise ingcindezi"]

    SystemType -->|"C. Ukushaya kwensimbi okunodlame (njengesando<br/>eshaya amapayipi) uma ukushisa kuvuleka"| WaterHammer["Isando Samanzi Se-Steam Condensate:<br/>1. I-thermostat ephansi ukuze umise ukugijima kwesitimu<br/>2. Hlola ukuthi i-One-Pipe Radiator Supply Valve<br/>IVULEKILE ngo-100% noma IVALIWE ngo-100% (ayikaze ivuleke kancane)<br/>3. Shim izinyawo zerediyetha ukuze zigxumele ngasepayipini lokunikezela"]

    SystemType -->|"D. Iphunga lensimbi evuthayo egumbini elingaphansi, kubhayela wokumaka,<br/>noma i-Pop Relief Valve ebhongayo"| BoilerCrisis{"Hlola i-Boiler Glass Sight Tube<br/>ukusukela ebangeni eliphephile:"}

    SteamVent --> WaitDrop["Linda imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 ukuze uthole umfutho we-steam<br/>ukwehla ufike ku-0 kPa (0 PSI)"]
    WaitDrop --> ThreadRepair["Hlola i-Air Vent Hole:<br/>Khipha isikulufa esingu-1/8-intshi se-NPT sokungenisa umoya noma ipulaki yethusi;<br/>uma imicu ihlutshiwe, vala i-valve yokunikezela engezansi ngokwewashi."]

    BoilerCrisis -->|"Ingilazi yokubona EMMPTY (Awukho umugqa wamanzi obonakalayo)"| DryFire["INGOZI EBALULEKILE YOMLILO:<br/>1. Gcina Iswishi Esiphuthumayo Esibomvu IVALIWE<br/>2. UNGAWEngezi AMANZI (Ingozi yokuqhuma)<br/>3. Shiya indawo engaphansi amahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6 kuze kubanda"]
    BoilerCrisis -->|"Ingilazi yokubona engu-100% IGCWELE ukuya phezulu (ubhayela ogcwele izikhukhula)"| FloodedBoiler["I-Steam Boiler Egcwele Amanzi:<br/>Vala i-valve yokugcwalisa amanzi abandayo evuzayo;<br/>uma isipholile, khipha amanzi amaningi wehlele engilazini engu-1/2"]

I-matrix yokuqhathanisa: ama-radiator esitimu vs¶

Abanikazi bezindlu abaningi nabaqashi bamafulethi abazi noma amaradiyetha abo ensimbi aqukethe umhwamuko onengcindezi ephansi noma amanzi ashisayo anoketshezi olucindezelwe. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte i-valve noma isikulufu sokopha, sebenzisa lezi zimpawu zokuhlonza ukuze unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo onalo.

Kungani ukushisa kwesitimu kuyingozi kakhulu kunokushiswa kwamanzi abilayo¶

Izikhungo zokushiswa kwezokwelapha kanye ne-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) zigcizelela umthetho wemvelo obalulekile: isitimu esibukhoma ku-100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) sithwala amandla ashisayo aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6.4 ngegremu ngalinye kunamanzi abilayo awuketshezi ngezinga lokushisa elilingana ncamashi le-100-degree-Celsius.

1. Ukushisa Okucashile Kwe-Vaporization Trap:
2. Lapho igremu elingu-1 lamanzi abilayo awuketshezi angu-100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) liphola esikhumbeni somuntu (37 degrees Celsius / 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit), lidlulisela amakhalori angu-63 (264 Joules) okushisa okunengqondo.
3. Uma igremu elingu-klzzwxh:0068 ku-100 degrees Celsius lifika esikhunjeni esipholile, lijiya libe ngamanzi awuketsheziese lilahla amakhalori angu-540 igremu ngalinye (AmaJowuli angu-2,260 ngegremu) lokushisa okucashile kokuhwamuka liqonde ngqo izendlalelo zesikhumba sakho engxenyeni yomzuzwana, kanye nama-calories angu-63 engeziwe njengoba amanzi ajiyile ephola.
4. Iphutha Lokuqhuba Ithawula Elimanzi:
5. Ungalokothi ubambe i-valve yerediyetha yesitimu esishisayo ngethawula elimanzi noma elimanzi. Amanzi ane-thermal conductivity cishe izikhathi ezingu-24 ukuphakama kunomoya owomile. Ukubamba ivalvu yerediyetha yethusi engu-100-degree-Celsius ngethawula elimanzi kukhanyisa umswakamo wendwangu ukuze ushunqise futhi kushise intende yesandla sakho ngaphansi kwesekhondi elingu-1. Njalo sebenzisa izingqimba eziningi zamathawula okugeza e-terrycloth esomile ngamathambo ngaphakathi esindayo amagilavu ​​omsebenzi wesikhumba esomile noma ama-silicone oven mitts.

Isimo esiphuthumayo 1: Ukumisa indawo yomoya yerediyetha yesitimu ephephethiwe noma evaleleke¶

Kuso sonke isitimu serediyetha yepayipi elilodwa, isilinda sechrome esimise okwechashazi esibizwa ngokuthi i-automatic air vent izikulufu zibe 3.2-millimeter (⅛-intshi ye-NPT) imbobo enentambo cishe uhhafu wesigaba sokugcina esibhekene nepayipi elinikezelayo elingaphansi.

Indlela i-air vent esebenza ngayo (nokuthi kungani iphuma)¶

Lapho isibhayela esingaphansi sivaliwe, amapayipi esitimu nama-radiator agcwele umoya obandayo. Lapho ibhayela livutha, isingene somoya esine-chrome sihlala sivulekile ukuze umoya obandayo uphume kurediyetha ngaphambi kwesitimu esikhuphukayo. Ngaphakathi kwembobo kunezimbongolo zethusi ezivaliwe ezigcwele ingxube yamanzi otshwala; ngokushesha nje lapho umusi oshisayo ongu-100-degree-Celsius ufika endaweni yokukhipha umoya, utshwala buyabila, bunwebe izifutho, futhi buphushele uphini lwenaliti phezulu** ukuze kuvalwe imbobo yokukhipha umoya**.

Ukwehluleka okubili kubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kweradiyetha yesitimu: - Ukubhoboka kwezivunguvungu zangaphakathi (Imbobo evuleke ebhajwe): Lapho isifutho sethusi sangaphakathi siqhekeka noma sigqwala, inaliti iwela phansi unomphela futhi imbobo ayivaleki lapho isitimu siyishaya, ibhonga isitimu esibukhoma ekamelweni amahora amaningi kuze kuphele amanzi kubhayela. - Ukuvunguza kwengono okungu-⅛-intshi okugqwalile: Uma othile eqhumisa umoya we-chrome noma imicu yakhona yethusi igqwalile, wonke umoya uyanqamuka noma udubule egumbini, ushiye imbobo mamilimitha angu-10 (⅜-intshi) eqhumisa indiza evundlile yesitimu esishisayo.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iphrothokholi yokumisa ukuvunguza kweradiyetha yesitimu¶

Isimo A: Ikhaya lomndeni owodwa (Ungakwazi ukungena kubhayela ongaphansi)¶

1. UNGAyithinti irediyetha ngenkathi umusi ubhonga ngamandla. Phuma egumbini, vala umnyango ngemva kwakho, bese uya phezulu ezitebhisini ezingaphansi.
2. Phenya Ishishi Elibomvu Le-Emergency Boiler Uvale bese ucisha i-thermostat esebondeni iye phansi ibe isilungiselelo esiphansi kakhulu.
3. Linda imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15. Ngenxa yokuthi amasistimu omusi wezindlu asebenza ngo-3.5 kuya ku-14 kPa kuphela (0.5 kuya ku-2.0 PSI), ukuvala isishisi kumisa ukuphehla kwesitimu phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-60, futhi wonke umusi emapayipini ubuyela emuva ku-zero ingcindezi phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10.
4. Shintsha indawo yokukhipha umoya ehlulekile noma isikulufu kupulaki yepayipi yethusi yesikhashana:
5. Uma ukuhayiza sekuphele nya, bopha ithawula elomile endaweni ephumayo ehlulekile bese uyiqaqa ngokuphambene newashi (lefty-loosey). Uma ingono yethusi igqashulwa phakathi kwensimbi ekhonjiwe, sebenzisa 3.2-millimeter (⅛-intshi) isikhiphi sengono sepayipi sangaphakathi noma thepha kahle i-screwdriver blade esigxotsheni sethusi esingenalutho ukuze usikhiphe.
6. Uchungechunge ku- ⅛-intshi entsha ye-NPT ye-engela yesitimu somoya wokungenisa umoya esongwe ngokujika okungu-2 kwetheyiphu yochungechunge lwe-PTFE.
7. Uma ungenayo indawo yokungenisa umoya eyisipele kulobubusuku: Khipha ku-hardware-store ⅛-intshi yepulaki yepayipi lethusi le-NPT ye-NPT (noma vula i-valve ye-radiator ** enikeza ivalvu engezansi ngamaphesenti angu-100 njengokuhamba kwewashi ukuze IVALIWE**) ukuze ukwazi ukuvula ibhayela elingaphansi futhi ukuze ushisise yonke indlu ngobusuku bonke.

Isimo B: Isakhiwo sefulethi (AWUKWAZI ukufinyelela kubhayela ongaphansi)¶

Uma uhlala efulethini elinokushisa kwesitimu esimaphakathi futhi indawo yokukhipha umoya yerediyetha yakho iqhuma ngenkathi ibhayela yebhilidi ibhonga:

1. Shayela unsumpa wakho webhilidi noma ulayini wokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha ukuze avale ubhayela ongaphansi noma isikhuphukeli sesitimu.
2. Vala i-valve yokuhlinzeka ngerediyetha engezansi usebenzisa indlela ethi "I-Low Approach + Dry Shield":
3. Ungalokothi uhambe endleleni yefu lesitimu. Gqoka ijazi elinemikhono emide, amagilavu ​​esikhumba, nokuvikela amehlo.
4. Bamba ibhodi lokusika elikhulu noma isivalo somgqomo wepulasitiki ngesandla esisodwa njengesivikelo sokuchezuka phakathi komzimba wakho nendawo ehehayo, bese ukhasa phansi phansi lapho umoya upholile khona.
5. Gcoba ithawula lokugeza eliwugqinsi elomile ngethambo esibambolweni esiyindilinga sevalvu yokunikezela engezansi bese uliphendula ngokwewashi (ngakwesokudla) lize livaleke izihlalo.
6. Uma i-valve engezansi igqwalile iqinile noma iphukile, ungayishayi insimbi esando ngesando. Kunalokho, bopha ichopho lesibambo sokhuni somshanelo ngendwangu yokugeza eyomile kanye netheyiphu yokudonsa ukuze wenze ipulaki yekhoni ecijile, ume eceleni kwendiza yesitimu, bese ugoqa ithiphu lesibambo somshanelo embotsheni yokukhipha umoya engamamilimitha angu-10 (⅜-intshi) ngokumelene nefenisha eseduze kuze kube yilapho ubhayela wesakhiwo uvaliwe.

Isimo esiphuthumayo 2: Isitimu esinobudlova "isando samanzi" (amapayipi ashaya njengesando)¶

Uma ama-radiator akho esitimu noma amapayipi osilingi angaphansi eqala ngokuzumayo ukwenza imisindo enomsindo enyakazayo enyakazisa amabhodi aphansi, isistimu yakho ithola isando samanzi se-steam condensate. Uma ingalungiswanga, isando samanzi esiqinile singaqhekeka izingxenye zerediyetha yensimbi, sikhiphe izintuba zomoya emicu yabo, futhi sinqamule izindololwane zamapayipi anentambo ngaphakathi kwezindonga.

I-physics yesando samanzi esitimu kanye nokulungiswa oku-3 ngokushesha¶

Kusistimu yesitimu esinepayipi elilodwa, amarokhethi anegesi akhuphukayo esuka kubhayela ongaphansi ku-25 ukuya kumakhilomitha angu-50 ngehora (amamayela angu-15 ukuya kwangu-30 ngehora)* kuyilapho amanzi awuketshezi ajiyile kufanele ehle ngomqansi ngamandla adonsela phansi phansi kwepayipi elifanayo ncamashi. Uma idamu lamanzi livaleleka endaweni ephansi, isitimu esigijimayo sithatha i-slug esiqinile samanzi abilayo bese sisiphonsa ezindololwaneni zensimbi ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu.

1. Ungalokothi ushiye i-valve yesitimu yepayipi elilodwa ivuliwe:
2. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokushayisa kwerediyetha okunodlame kanye nokuphalaza komoya umuntu ovala ivalve yerediyetha engezansi ukuze avale ukuze athole "ukushisa okumaphakathi."
3. Isitimu sikhama kalula sidlule isango levalvu elivalwe ngohhafu, kodwa uma selijiyile libe emanzini, imbobo ewumngcingo iminyaniswe isitimu esingenayo, sivale amalitha amanzi abilayo abilayo ngaphakathi kurediyetha.
4. Ukulungisa ngokushesha: Bamba i-valve yerediyetha engezansi ngethawula elomile bese uyiphendulela kungaba ngamaphesenti angu-100 ngokuphambene newashi (VULA KAKHULU) noma amaphesenti angu-100 ngokwewashi (IVALIWE KAKHULU). Ungalokothi ukushiye phakathi.
5. Shintshela izinyawo zangaphandle zerediyetha ukuze amanzi adonse ekwehleni aye epayipini:
6. Beka ileveli yombazi ngaphezulu kwerediyetha. Phakamisa indawo ekude yerediyetha (ekugcineni NGOKUPHATHELENE komoya, ngokuphambene nepayipi laphansi)ngamamilimitha angu-6 kuye kwayi-13 (¼ kuya ku-½ intshi) bese uslayida amashimu okhuni noma ama-coaster erabha aqinile ngaphansi kwezinyawo ezimbili zangaphandle ukuze i-condensate igeleze yehle ibheke kuvalvu yaphansi.
7. Hlola ubhayela wangaphansi ogcwele ngokweqile (ogcwele izikhukhula):
8. Uma wonke amapayipi endlini eshaya kanye nje, hlola ingilazi yokubona amanzi kubhayela ongaphansi. Uma ingilazi ithi amaphesenti angu-100 igcwele phezulu, ivalvu yokugcwalisa evuzayo igcwalise ngokudlulele ibhayela kusihloko sesititi. Vala i-valve yokuphakela amanzi abandayo, yekela i-boiler iphole, bese ukhipha amanzi kuze kube yilapho izinga libuyela phakathi nendawo yengilazi yokubona.

Isimo esiphuthumayo 3: Ukulinganisa kukabhoyela ongaphansi (Ukudubula okomile, ukucindezela ngokweqile, namavalvu okusiza)¶

Ukwazi ukufunda amageji amathathu ayinhloko kanye nemishini yokuphepha kubhayela kukutshela ngokushesha ukuthi i-boiler iphephile ukuthi ingasethwa kabusha noma isengozini yokwehluleka kwesakhiwo.

1. Ukufunda Ingilazi Yokubona Yamanzi Ye-Steam Boiler¶

Eceleni kwawo wonke ubhayela wesitimu kuhlezi ishubhu lengilazi eliqondile elibizwa ngokuthi ingilazi yegeji yamanzi (ingilazi yokubona). - Izinga elivamile: Umugqa wamanzi ongaphakathi kweshubhu lengilazi kufanele uhlale cishe ukhuphuke uhhafu wengilazi bese ubhampa kancane ngesentimitha elingu-1 (⅜ iyintshi) ngenkathi usebenza. - Isivikelo sokunqanyulwa kwamanzi aphansi (LWCO): Wonke ubhayela wesitimu unegumbi lokuntanta lomshini noma i-electronic probe exhunywe kwisekethi yesishisi ukuze kuvalwe ilangabi uma amanzi ehla kakhulu. Amakamelo e-LWCO ohlobo oluntantayo kufanele ashaywe masonto onke ebhakedeni ebusika ukuze kususwe udaka olugqwalile. - **Uma ingilazi ebonayo INAMTHETHO ngenkathi ibhayela kushisa **: 1. Phenya okubomvu Shintshela Isimo Esiphuthumayo UVALE. 2. UNGAYIvuli ivalvu yokuphakela amanzi. Isishintshi sokushisa esisindayo sensimbi sigcina amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-300 degrees Celsius (575 degrees Fahrenheit) amahora. 3. Linda okungenani amahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6 kuze kube yilapho insimbi esakazwa ngaphansi kwejazi izizwa ipholile ngokuphelele entendeni yesandla sakho esingenalutho ngaphambi kokufonela uchwepheshe noma ukuhlola ukuvuza.

2. I-Runaway Steam Pressure kanye nebhokisi elithi "Pressuretrol".¶

Ibhayela yesitimu se-cast-iron yakhelwe ukusebenza ngengcindezi ephansi kakhulu (7 kuya ku-14 kPa / 1.0 kuya ku-2.0 PSI). - Kubekwe phezu kweluphu yepayipi yethusi egobile (siphon pigtail) ohlangothini lwebhayela ibhokisi lokulawula elimpunga elibizwa ngokuthi Pressuretrol, elivala isishisi ku-10 kuya ku-14 kPa (1.5 kuya ku-2.0 PSI). - Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, udaka olubiyelayo olugqwalile lungapakisha iluphu ye-pigtail egobile, ivimbele i-Pressuretrol ukuthi izwe ukucindezela kukabhayela. Isishisi asicimi, sinyusa umfutho wesitimu kuze kube yilapho ithusi elilayishwe entwasahlobo I-ASME Pop Safety Relief Valve (isethwe ukuze ibe 103 kPa / 15 PSI) ivuleka ngokubhonga kwesitimu esivala izindlebe. - Okufanele ukwenze uma ibhayela ye-Pop Safety Relief Valve iqhuma ivuleka: 1. UNGAFIKI indawo engaphansi egcwele isitimu. Phenya inguquko ebomvu ethi I-Emergency Boiler Shutoff switch phezulu ezitebhisini ukuze UKUVALE. 2. Linda imizuzu engu-30 ukuze ingcindezi yophe ifike ku-0 PSI, bese ubiza uchwepheshe obhayela ukuthi ahlanze i-siphon ye-brass pigtail exhunyiwe futhi usevise ivalvu yokukhulula. Ungalokothi uvale noma uxhume i-valve yokusiza ukuphepha kukabhayela.

Isimo esiphuthumayo 4: Irediyetha ene-pressurized hydronic (amanzi ashisayo) kanye nokuvuza kwe-baseboard¶

Kuhlelo luvaliwe lweluphu ye-hydronic yamanzi ashisayo (amaradiyetha ensimbi anamapayipi amabili noma ama-baseboards e-copper fin-tube), iphampu ejikelezayo enenjini iphusha amanzi awuketshezi ashiselwe ku-60 kuya ku-82 degrees Celsius (140 kuya ku-180 degrees Fahrenheit)* ku-80 kuya ku-140 kPa (12 PSI)

1. Cisha Ishishi Lesimo Esiphuthumayo Sebhoyili Elibomvu Ivale: Lokhu kumisa kokubili isishisi namaphampu kagesi ajikelezayo.
2. Vala I-Make-up yamanzi abandayo (Gcwalisa Ngokuzenzakalelayo): Thola ithusi elimise okwensimbi Ivaluvu Yokunciphisa Ukucindezela (isigcwalisi esizenzakalelayo) lapho ipayipi lamanzi ledolobha elibandayo liphakela ibhayela, futhi uvale ivalvu yebhola eduze kwayo ukuze amanzi asemgwaqweni ayeke ukufunza ukuvuza.
3. Susa umfutho wamanzi amile ku-drain kabhayela: Xhuma ipayipi lengadi ku-valve yokudonsa kubhayela engaphansi, uyihambise ku-drain yaphansi, bese uvule i-valve imizuzwana engu-20 kuze kube yilapho igeji yokucindezela kubhayela yehla isuka ku-15 PSI iye ku-0 PSI. Uma ingcindezi ifinyelela kuziro, ukuvuza kwerediyetha ephezulu kuzoma ngenxa yokukhiya kwe-vacuum.
4. Misa isinqamuli somoya esintantayo se-"Hy-Vent" esikhafulayo: Uma amanzi egeleza ephuma kusivalo sesondo esincanyana phezulu kwesitsha somoya esintantayo esintantayo kubhayela noma ebhodini eliphansi, vele ugoqe lelo cap encane ngokwewashi yonke indlela yehle kuze kuqine umunwe ukuze ukuvala ukuvuza kungavala kuze kube yilapho ukuvuza kungavalwa khona.

Usizo lokuqala lokushiswa kwesitimu esiphilayo kanye nokushiswa kwerediyetha eshisayo¶

Ngoba isitimu esibukhoma sidlulisa ukushisa okufihlekile okwedlulele ngama-millisecond, phatha noma yikuphi ukushisa kwesitimu ezandleni, ebusweni, noma emzimbeni njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esibaluleke kakhulu.

1. Phuma embhoshweni ngokushesha: Hambisa umuntu olimele ekamelweni elipholile elinomoya ohlanzekile. Uma umuntu ehogela isitimu esishisayo ngqo emlonyeni noma emakhaleni akhe (okuboniswa ukukhwehlela, izwi elihoshayo, izinwele ezinkeneneza emakhaleni, noma ukuphefumula kanzima), shayela indawo yangakini izinombolo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) ngokushesha, njengoba ukuvuvukala kwendlela yomoya eshisayo kungavala umphimbo ngokushesha.
2. Pholisa indawo eshile ngaphansi kwamanzi kampompi ahambayo apholile imizuzu engu-20 egcwele:
3. Bamba isikhumba esishile ngaphansi kwamanzi kampompi ahambayo athambile, apholile (azungeze u-15 degrees Celsius / 59 degrees Fahrenheit) ngokuqhubekayo imizuzu engu-20.
4. Ungalokothi usebenzise iqhwa, amanzi eqhwa, ibhotela, uwoyela, umuthi wokuxubha, noma amafutha okugcoba. Iqhwa libangela i-vasoconstriction ejulile ejulisa ukufa kwezicubu, kuyilapho amafutha abamba ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba.
5. Khipha izindandatho, amawashi, nezingubo ezimanzi ezingabambeleli ngokushesha:
6. Iminwe nezihlakala ezishiswe umusi zivuvukala emizuzwini embalwa. Slayida izindandatho, amasongo, namawashi khona lapho ngenkathi ubambe isandla ngaphansi kwamanzi apholile.
7. Hlubula ngokucophelela izingubo ezicwiliswe nge-condensate evuthayo, ngaphandle uma indwangu incibilikile noma inamathele ngqo esikhumbeni esinamabhamuza (uma kunjalo, sika indwangu enamathele bese uyishiyela odokotela bezimo eziphuthumayo).
8. ** UNGAVUMI amabhamuza; mboza ngokukhululeka ngokugoqa kwepulasitiki oyinyumba**:
9. Amabhamuza ashile ayibhande lebhayoloji eliyinyumba elivikela isikhumba esiluhlaza ekuthelelekeni. Ungalokothi uzikhiphe noma uzicwebe.
10. Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 yamanzi agobhozayo, beka ishidi elihlanzekile lokugoqa ipulasitiki lasendlini (ukugoqa kweSaran) ngobude phezu kokusha (ungaligoqeli liqine emlenzeni njenge-tourniquet) noma usebenzise iphedi ye-gauze eyinyumba engenalutho, futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha nganoma yikuphi ukusha kwesitimu okukhulu kunentende yesandla somuntu, noma noma yikuphi ukusha, izandla, izinyawo, ubuso, isitho sangasese. Buyekeza okuphelele kwethu ukusha kanye nokushisa umhlahlandlela wosizo lokuqala.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kungani irediyetha yami yesitimu ikhafula amanzi ephuma ohlangothini oluncane lwe-chrome lokungena phansi futhi i-warping hardwood yami?¶

Uma irediyetha yesitimu esiyipayipi elilodwa ikhafula amanzi ashisayo agqwalile ephuma endaweni yomoya eseceleni, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuntanta kwe-thermostatic yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwendawo yomoya kuye kwagqashuka ngakho-ke ngeke isakwazi ukuvala lapho isitimu noma amanzi ifika kuyo, noma amanzi e-condensate awuketshezi evaleleke ngaphakathi kurediyetha ngenxa yokuthi ivalvu yokunikezela engaphansi ivalwe kancane noma ipayipi lerediyetha litshekele emuva lisuka kude nepayipi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ivalvu yokunikezela engezansi iguqulwe ngamaphesenti angu-100 ngokuphikisana newashi (ivuleke ngokugcwele), beka amamilimitha angu-6 (1/4-intshi) amashimu ngaphansi kwezinyawo zangaphandle ekugcineni kwe-air ukuze amanzi ageleze ehle aye epayipini, bese ubuyisela umoya we-chrome ongu-$15 uma ukuphimisa kuqhubeka.

Ngingakwazi ukuvula ivalvu engezansi kurediyetha yesitimu yepayipi elilodwa ukuya phansi ukuze ngenze igumbi lami lokulala lipholile?¶

Cha, akumele neze ushiye i-valve yokunikezela engezansi kurediyetha yesitimu yepayipi elilodwa ivuleke kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi umhwamuko okhuphukayo kanye namanzi awuketshezi akhipha amanzi ahlanganyela ngokuvuleka kwepayipi elilodwa ncamashi, ivalvu evalwe uhhafu ivumela isitimu ukuba singene kodwa siminyanise ukugeleza okubuyayo kwamanzi ajiyile, sigcwalise irediyetha ngamanzi abilayo ashaya ngamandla futhi afuthoze amanzi akhipha umgudu womoya; uma ufuna ukushisa okuncane ekamelweni elinerediyetha yesitimu sepayipi elilodwa, gcina ivalvu yaphansi ephansi ngamaphesenti angu-100 ivuliwe futhi ufake i-air adjustable-orifice air vent (njenge-Varivalve noma i-Hoffman 1A) ohlangothini lwerediyetha isethwe endaweni encane yokukhipha umoya kancane.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngopha irediyetha yami yamanzi ashisayo futhi isikulufu se-square bleeder sinqamuka noma siwe ngokuphelele?¶

Uma uqaqa isikulufu se-air-bleed kude kakhulu kurediyetha yamanzi ashisayo e-hydronic ecindezelwe futhi iphuma emicu yayo kujethi lamanzi ashisayo ashisayo, ngokushesha usunduze ichopho elicijile lepensela yokhuni, ithawula legalofu, noma i-toothpick yokhuni ngokuqinile embotsheni encane engu-3-millimeter (1/8-intshi) egeleza amanzi eya phansi kubhayela obomvu. vala, vala i-valve yokugcwalisa amanzi abandayo, bese uvule i-boiler drain imizuzwana engu-20 ukuze wehlise ukucindezela kwesistimu ku-0 PSI. Uma ingcindezi isinguziro, ungakwazi ukucupha ngokuphephile isikulufu se-bleeder usibuyisele ngaphakathi noma ubuyisele ipulaki ye-vent yemali.

Kufanele ngishaye kangaki i-Low Water Cut-Off (LWCO) kubhayela ohlala isitimu?¶

Uma ibhoyili yakho yesitimu ifakwe imishini yohlobo lwe-Low Water Cut-Off (ekhonjwa kalula ngegumbi lensimbi elime mpo eduze kwengilazi yokubona elinevalve yokudonsa ngesandla ngaphansi kwayo), abakhiqizi bakabhayela namakhodi okuphepha e-ASME adinga ukuvula leyo valve yokubhodla kancane ebhakedeni lensimbi kanye isonto ngalinye phakathi nenkathi yokushisisa yasebusika ngenkathi isishisi sisadubula. Ukucwenga ilitha eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 (imalitha angu-1 kuye kwayi-2) amanzi agqwalile ngaphandle kwendlu yokuntanta kususa inzika enzima engase ikhekhe eduze kwebhola elintantayo futhi kuvimbele iswishi ukuthi ingacimi isishisi ngesikhathi somcimbi oyingozi wamanzi aphansi.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, United States): Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), Isigaba IV: Imithetho Yokwakhiwa kwamaBoilers Okushisisa kanye Ne-CSD-1: Amadivayisi Okulawula Nokuphepha Kuma-Boiler Acishwa Ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Ibhodi Likazwelonke Labahloli Bezibhoyili Nezikejana Zokucindezela (NBBI): Ukuvimbela Ukwehluleka Ukunqanyulwa Kwamanzi Aphansi, Ukuqhuma Kokudubula Komlilo Okushisayo Okushisayo, Nokugcinwa Kwevaluvu Yokuphepha.
• Umnyango Wezamandla Wase-United States (i-DOE / Isikhungo Sesixazululo Se-Building America): Ukuxilongwa Kwesistimu Yokushisa Isitimu Yepayipi Elilodwa kanye ne-Two-Pipe, Ukulinganisa Kwe-Air Vent, kanye Nokuvimbela I-Condensate Water Hammer.
• I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States) & American Burn Association: Ukushisa Okucashile Kwe-Vaporization kanye Nezindlela Zokulimala Kwesikhumba Okujulile Ekushiseni Kwe-Steam Scald.
• Isikhulu Sezempilo Nezokuphepha (HSE, United Kingdom): Ukusebenza Okuphephile Kwesifufula Esinomfutho Ophansi kanye namaBoiler Amanzi Ashisayo Acindezelwe.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Akukho ukushisa ebusika: ukufudumala kwangaphakathi okuphephile nokuvikelwa kwamapayipi
• Ukuhluleka kwe-heater yamanzi kanye nethangi elivuzayo
• Ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-heater yamanzi kanye nokwehluleka kwevalvu ye-TPR
• Ipayipi eliqhumile kanye nokuvalwa kwamanzi okuphuthumayo
• Ukushiswa nokushiswa kosizo lokuqala
• Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo