Uvaleleke kukheshi eliminyene elimile: ukushisa ngokweqile nokuhlenga¶

Ikheshi eligcwele abantu eligiyayo lize lime kungazelelwe phakathi kwaphansi kuyinto enzima, edidayo. Ngemizuzwana nje, izifeni zokupholisa zivame ukusika, izibani zezinkomba zingacwayiza, futhi abantu abangabazi abayishumi kuya kwabangamashumi amabili bazithole bevaleleke ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lensimbi elilengiswe endleleni ekhuphukayo eqondile. Njengoba amazinga okushisa e-ambient enyuka kusukela ekushiseni komzimba okuhlangene nendawo yomuntu siqu incibilika, ukukhathazeka kungakhula ngokushesha kube ukwethuka okuthathelwanayo.

Naphezu kokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ukuvaleleka kwekheshi, amakheshi esimanje aphakathi kwezinhlelo zokuthutha eziklanywe ngokungasebenzi kahle emhlabeni. Izintambo zensimbi eziphakamisayo, ama-counterweights, amabhuleki okuphepha e-electromechanical, nezingidi zezicabha kwenza ukuwa kwamahhala kungenzeki ngaphansi kokuhluleka okujwayelekile kokusebenza. Izingozi ezingokoqobo ngesikhathi ubambekile aziveli ekuweni kwekheshi, kodwa kubagibeli abazama ukuzikhipha bodwa ngeminyango ekhuphukayo. Ukuqonda ukuxhuma kwekheshi, amandla okuphefumula komoya, izimiso zezingcingo eziphuthumayo, nokuphathwa kokushisa kweqembu kwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi wonke umuntu uhlala ephephile kuze kufike omakhenika bekheshi abanelayisensi noma izicishamlilo.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Cindezela inkinobho Yefoni Ephuthumayo ezinikele noma inkinobho yokushaya. Cindezela inkinobho yefoni ebhalwe ngehendisethi yefoni noma uphawu lwensimbi okungenani imizuzwana emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ukuze uxhume ngokuqondile esiteshini sokuqapha amahora angu-24 noma ukuphepha kwebhilidi.
2. Yisho ngqo indawo okuyo, ikheli lebhilidi, nesihlonzi sebhange lekheshi. Funda inombolo yesitifiketi, inombolo yekhebhu yekhebhu, noma isihlonzi nezinombolo nezinombolo eziphrintwe kuphaneli yokusebenza kwemoto ngenhla noma eceleni kwefoni.
3. Ungalokothi uzame ukuvula izicabha noma ukugibela uphume kukhebhu emile. Ukuphuma emotweni emile phakathi kwezitezi kukubeka engozini yokuwa ekhuphukayo kanye namandla abulalayo okugunda uma ilifti inyakaza ngokungalindelekile.
4. Hlela indawo yabagibeli ukuze ulawule amazinga okushisa ekhabethe elikhuphukayo. Cela wonke umuntu ukuthi ame ngokuthula aphakamise izingalo emaceleni, akhulule izingubo zangaphandle ezimpintshayo noma izingubo zentamo, futhi akhuthaze abantu abanesiyezi ukuthi bahlale phansi odongeni lwekhebhu.
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi iswishi yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo ayiqalwanga ngephutha. Hlola ukuthi isitayela sokugwedla esidala noma iswishi ebomvu yokudonsa-pull ephanelini yokusebenza ephansi ishaywe yini abagibeli noma imithwalo.
6. Londoloza amandla ebhethri lefoni ephathekayo futhi ugcine amazwi azolile. Gcina amathoshi efoni yomuntu siqu evaliwe kuyilapho izibani zekhebhu ezisizayo zisasebenza, futhi ukhulume ngomoya ozolile, nephimbo elicacile ukuze unciphise ukukhathazeka kubagibeli abangomakhelwane.

Isakhiwo sokuphepha semishini: kungani amakheshi engakwazi ukwehla¶

Amafilimu aseHollywood aye asakaza inganekwane yokuthi amakheshi awela phansi emigodini evulekile ngemva kokunqamuka kwekhebula. Eqinisweni, amakheshi abagibeli asebenza ngaphansi kwamakhodi wobunjiniyela aqinile ahlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi zokungasho lutho futhi okusebenzayo kwemishini.

Amakheshi adonsa abantu asekelwa yizintambo zensimbi ezine kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Ikhebuli ngayinye ingasekela imoto egcwele ngokugcwele ngokuzimela. Ngisho noma izintambo eziningi zehluleka kanyekanye, izintambo ezisele zizobamba imoto ivikeleke.

Amasistimu okudonsa alinganiselwe. I-counterweight enamathiselwe ekugcineni kwekhebula ehlukile inesisindo esilingana nesemoto engenalutho kanye nesigamu somthamo womgibeli olinganiselwe omkhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto engenamabhuleki ijwayele ukukhukhuleka iye phezulu ibheke phezulu endaweni ogibela kuyo kunokuba ishone phansi.

flowchart TD
    A["Izitezi Zekheshi Phakathi Kwaphansi"] --> B{"Ingabe kunentuthu eqhubekayo noma isimo esiphuthumayo somlilo ngaphakathi ku-shaft?"}
    B -- No --> C["Hlala Uzolile Ngaphakathi Kwenqola Evalekile"]
    C --> D["Cindezela Ifoni Ephuthumayo / Inkinobho Yokushaya Kuphaneli"]
    D --> E["Nikeza Isihlonzi Sekhebhu nokubala Abagibeli ukuze Kuthunyelwe"]
    E --> F["Khulula Izingubo Futhi Uphathe Ukushisa Kwangaphakathi"]
    F --> G["Linda Umakhenikha Onelayisense noma Umnyango Wezomlilo"]
    G --> H["Izikhungo Zomakhenikha Imoto noma Isebenzisa Ukukhumbula Isigaba II"]
    B -- Yes --> I["Bika Umlilo Ngokushesha ngefoni noma nge-Mobile 911"]
    I --> J["Mboza Imilomo Ngezindwangu futhi Uhlale Phansi kuya Phansi"]
    J --> K["Lindela Ukuphulwa Komnyango Osheshayo Wokuhlenga Umlilo"]

Umbusi ongumakhenikha kanye nokuphepha kuyahambisana¶

Ukuvikela okuyinhloko okungehluleki uma kuqhathaniswa nejubane eliya phansi igiya lokuphepha kwemoto, isistimu eyimishini ngokuphelele engancike kumandla kagesi, izilawuli zesofthiwe, noma ukungenela komuntu:

Umbusi ohamba ngesivinini esiphezulu usebenzisa idivayisi eyi-centrifugal egumbini lomshini elixhunywe emotweni ngentambo yensimbi. Uma isivinini sokwehla sifinyelela kumaphesenti angu-115 kuya kwangu-125 esivinini esilinganiselwe, amandla aphakathi nendawo abamba umhlathi owumshini okhiya ikhebula.

Ikhebula elikhiyiwe lidonsa ukuxhumana okuqinile kwemishini ngaphansi kwesitezi semoto. Lokhu kuxhumanisa kushayela amaweji ensimbi aqinile kumareyili angumhlahlandlela ome mpo, kusetshenziswa ukungqubuzana ukuze imoto ime okulawulwayo ngamasentimitha. Uma sezimisiwe, lezi zokuphepha zidedelwa kuphela uma imoto inyuselwa phezulu ngoomakhenikha.

I-interlock circuit: imbangela evame kakhulu yezitebele ezingazelelwe¶

Iningi lezitebele zamakheshi azibangelwa izintambo eziphukile noma ukwehluleka kwezimoto okuyinhlekelele. Zenzeka ngenxa yokuthi intambo yokuvala ukuphepha kukagesi iyavuleka.

Yonke indawo yokungena ku-elevator hoistway inokhiye osindayo we-electromechanical. Lesi sihluthulelo siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezihlanganisiwe: i-latch eyimishini evimbela abantu abaphansi ukuthi bangaphusheli isicabha sivuleke ku-shaft engenalutho, kanye neswishi kagesi exhunywe ngochungechunge nesekhethi yezokuphepha zekheshi.

Okwamanje kufanele kugeleze ngokuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amaswishi e-interlock yomnyango esakhiweni ukuze injini isebenze. Lapho imoto ihamba, i-clutch eyimishini ibamba amarola wesicabha sokuhlala ngokuphepha.

Uma ukungcola kungcolisa othintana naye, noma uma ukuguqulwa okuncane kwesakhiwo kuqondanisa kabi ithrekhi yomnyango ngamamilimitha angu-2 (0.08 amayintshi), ukuthintana kukagesi kuyavuleka. Isilawuli sithola isekethe ephukile futhi ngokushesha sinqamule amandla emoto, sibeka amabhuleki emishini asetshenziswa entwasahlobo kushevu yokushayela ukuze amise imoto.

Ingozi yokuwa kwe-hoistway ebulalayo nokuthi kungani ukuzikhipha kubulala¶

Isikhathi esisodwa esiyingozi kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isigameko sekheshi kwenzeka lapho abagibeli abavaleleke bezama ukuzibalekela.

Uma ikheshi lihlala phakathi kwaphansi, iminyango yokumisa ngenhla noma ngezansi kompheme wemoto ingase ibukeke ifinyeleleka kancane. Abagibeli abavula iminyango yemoto babona usilingi wephasishi noma iphansi ngemitha kude. Kumuntu ongaqeqeshiwe, ukukhuphukela endaweni okuhlala kuyo kubonakala kuqondile. Eqinisweni, ukunyathela noma ukukhasa kuleyo ndawo kuwugibe olubulalayo.

I-guillotine nengozi yokugunda¶

Ikheshi elimile ngenxa yephutha lesikhashana likagesi noma i-interlock glitch yezokuphepha ingaphinda ithole amandla noma ikhulule amabhuleki ayo kungalindelekile. Uma umgibeli emaphakathi nomnyango ovulekayo lapho imoto ihamba, ifremu yemoto eyehlayo noma ekhuphukayo isebenza njenge-guillotine ekhanda likakhonkolo noma i-sill, okubangela ukulimala okubulalayo.

Omakhenikha bekheshi abanelayisensi kanye nabacimi bomlilo abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe abasoze bavumela umgibeli ukuthi ehle esiliftini esingekho ezingeni kuze kube kuhlangatshezwana nezimo ezimbili eziyimpoqo: amaswishi amakhulu okunqamula amandla esakhiwo sezigaba ezintathu egumbini lomshini wekheshi akhiyiwe futhi amakiwe ngaphandle, futhi ibhuleki lomshini wekheshi livinjwe ngomshini. Ukuzama ukuphuma ngaphandle kwalezi zivikelo kumema inhlekelele.

+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|                   BUILDING LANDING FLOOR                  |
|===========================================================|
|                                                           |
|             >>> OPEN HOISTWAY FALL HAZARD <<<             |
|   (Unprotected vertical drop to pit: 10m to 50m+)         |
|                                                           |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
|                     STALLED ELEVATOR CAB                  |
|   [Passengers trapped inside: STRUCTURALLY PROTECTED]     |
|                                                           |
|                       Cab Floor Sill                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+

I-hoistway eqondile iyehla¶

Lapho ikheshi lima phakathi kwaphansi, isikhala esingaphansi kompheme wemoto sivuleka ngqo emgodini ongezansi. Ama-hoistways aphonsa amashumi amamitha emigodini kakhonkolo emnyama egcwele iziphazamiso zensimbi nemishini.

Abagibeli abazama ukukhasela engcupheni yokufika eshelela emuva noma eshelela ngaphansi kwesilingi esiphansi esikhaleni esivulekile somgwaqo. Ukuwa ngisho namamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) ku-hardware yomgodi kubangela ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, futhi amaconsi amade ayabulala.

Ikhebhu yekhebhu inikeza izindonga zensimbi, usilingi ovikelekile, kanye nephansi eliqinile. Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukwazi ukuwela phansi ku-shaft.

I-Thermodynamics, ikhwalithi yomoya, nokuphathwa kokushisa kwe-cabin¶

Njengoba imizuzu ihamba phakathi kwekheshi eligcwele abantu, abagibeli bavame ukubika ukuthi umoya uyancipha noma bazominyanisa. Lokhu kuzwa komzimba kubangela i-claustrophobia enzima kanye nokuhlaselwa kokwesaba okukhulu. Ukuqonda iqiniso lemvelo lokugeleza komoya kwekhebhini yekhebhisi kusiza ukuqeda lokhu kwesaba futhi kuthulise iqembu.

I-physics ye-elevator ventilation¶

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukuminca ngaphakathi kwemoto yekheshi emile.

Amakhodi okuphepha ebhilidi lamazwe ngamazwe nawekheshi (afana ne-ASME A17.1 kanye ne-EN 81) agunyaza izivulo zokungenisa umoya eziqhubekayo, ezingavimbeki kuwo wonke amakhebhu ezikheshi. Lawa makhodi adinga ukuthi iphesenti elincane lendawo yodonga lwemoto eduze naphansi naseduze nosilingi libe nezikhala zokungenisa umoya ezivulekile.

Lezi zindawo zokungenisa umoya zivumela ukuguquguquka okushisayo kwemvelo ukuthi kujikelezise umoya ngokuqhubekayo kukhebhu:

Umoya opholile ovela ku-lifti ephansi udonselwa emotweni ngezikhala zaphansi ezizungezayo kanye nezintuba zezicabha.

Njengoba imizimba yabagibeli ishisa umoya ngaphakathi endlini, umoya ofudumele ukhuphukela ophahleni.

Umoya oshisayo okhuphukayo ukhipha izintuba zosilingi ezivulekile endleleni ekhuphukayo eqondile, lapho umphumela westaki udonsela umoya omdala phezulu ubheke ezimbotsheni zegumbi lomshini nasezintabeni zangaphandle.

Nakuba ama-exhaust blower afakwe ophahleni lwemoto angase avale lapho amandla asizayo ehla, ama-convection louver ahlala esebenza ngamaphesenti angu-100. Umoya ohlanzekile ulokhu uhamba emotweni. Umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya ubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nomswakama okhuphukayo ophuma ekuphefumuleni kwabagibeli, hhayi ukuntuleka komoyampilo.

Warm Air Exhausting Through Ceiling Louvers

+---|-----------|-----------|-----------|---+
|                                           |
|   PASSENGER CABIN HEAT BUILDUP:           |
|   - 15 Passengers = 1,800 Watts           |
|   - Temperature rises to 32 °C to 38 °C   |
|   - Humidity reaches 80% to 90%           |
|                                           |
+---|-----------------------------------|---+

Cool Air Inflow Through Floor & Sill Gaps

Ukulayisha okushisayo okuvela ekuphumeni kwe-metabolism yabagibeli¶

Nakuba umoya-mpilo uhlala umningi, ukunqwabelana kokushisa kukheshi eliminyene kungokoqobo futhi kuyakhokhisa ngokomzimba. Umzimba womuntu omdala lapho uphumule ukhiqiza cishe ama-watts ayi-100 kuya kwangu-120 okushisa kwe-metabolic. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi engokwengqondo nokukhathazeka, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphakeme nokuphuma kwe-adrenaline kucindezela ukuphuma kokushisa ngakunye kuma-watts angu-150.

Ekhebhuni elikheshi elithwala abagibeli abangu-15, isixuku sisebenza njengehitha yesikhala engu-2.2-kilowatt eqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe yensimbi elinganiselwa cishe amamitha angu-2 ngamamitha angu-2 (amafidi angu-6.6 ngo-6.6 ubude):

Phakathi nemizuzu engu-15, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingakhuphuka lisuka ku-21 °C (70 °F) liye ngaphezu kuka-32 °C (90 °F).

Umjuluko ohwamukayo esikhumbeni nasezimpahleni ngokushesha uhambisa umswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-85, ukuvimbela umjuluko ukuba uhwamuke ngokuphumelelayo futhi konakalise indlela yokupholisa engokwemvelo yomzimba.

Le nhlanganisela yokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuma isikhathi eside kuhlanganisa igazi emaphethelweni aphansi, kunciphisa ukugcwala kobuchopho futhi kucuphe i-vasovagal syncope (ukuphelelwa amandla).

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ukushisa nendawo¶

Ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa ekhabetheni elawuleka ngenkathi kusalindwe ukutakulwa, abahlali kumele baxhumanise indawo ezungezile ngenkuthalo:

• Thuthukisa izingubo ezivikelayo. Wonke umuntu kufanele akhumule buthule uziphu wamabhantshi asebusika, asuse izikhafu zoboya, akhumule izigqoko, akhulule othayi. Vula izinkinobho zekholomu ukuze uveze isikhumba sentamo emoyeni ozungezile.
• Hlala phansi uma isikhala sivuma. Uma imoto ingagcwele ukudlula umthamo, hlela abagibeli ukuze labo abazizwa bekhathele noma bebuthakathaka bahlale phansi bencike ezindongeni ezisemaceleni. Ukuhlala kwehlisa isizinda somzimba wamandla adonsela phansi, kuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda ekuqulekeni kungazelelwe, futhi kubeka umuntu endaweni epholile kunazo zonke eduze nendawo yokuguqa phansi.
• Yenza ukuzungezisa okumile uma kupakishwe ihlombe nehlombe. Ekheshini eligcwele kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuhlala, khuthaza abagibeli ukuthi bame amadolo agobe kancane kunokuba akhiywe. Ukuvala amalunga amadolo kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi le-venous emithanjeni ye-popliteal, ebangela ukuquleka ngokushesha.
• Lawula ukushisa okukhanyisa. Izibani ze-incandescent noma ezindala ze-halogen zenza ukushisa okukhazimulayo okuphawulekayo. Uma ilifti imiswe kukhanyiswe amalambu okuqala, bheka iswishi yokukhanya kwekhabhu yangaphakathi (evame ukutholakala kuphaneli yensiza yensiza ngaphansi kweletshi elihehekile) noma umane uthembele ekukhanyisweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo zemoto uma ugesi omkhulu unqamuka. Vala izikrini ze-smartphone nezibani zekhamera ukuze uqede imithombo yokushisa emincane futhi ulondoloze impilo yebhethri.

Izimiso zokuxhumana: ukufinyelela emhlabeni wangaphandle¶

Lapho ilifti ima, abagibeli kufanele basungule ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwezindlela ezimbili nabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo. Amakheshi esimanje afaka izindlela zokuxhumana eziningi eziklanyelwe ngqo izimo zokungena.

Ukusebenzisa ucingo oluphuthumayo olusemotweni¶

Ngaphansi kwe-Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) kanye namakhodi wokuphepha wamazwe ngamazwe, amakheshi ezentengiso kufanele aqukathe isistimu yokuxhumana yezindlela ezimbili ezizinikele, ezingenazandla:

Ucingo oluphuthumayo luvamise ukutholakala ngemuva komnyango omncane olengayo kuphaneli enkulu yokusebenza yemoto noma luhlanganiswe njengenkinobho egqamile yokucindezela ukuze ushaye ucingo emakwe ngesithonjana socingo esikhanyayo.

Cindezela bese ubamba inkinobho imizuzwana emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Uhlelo ludayela ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhungo sokuthunyelwa kokuqapha izimo eziphuthumayo esihlelwe ngaphambilini, ideski lokuvikela lebhilidi, noma indawo yokuphendula kamasipala ethi 911.

Uma usuxhunyiwe, khuluma ngokucacile ubhekise ku-grille yesipika. Amafoni esimanje esikheshi asebenza ngemodi yesipikha. Ungamemezi, njengoba ukumemeza kushintsha kakhulu imakrofoni futhi kudala umsindo ohlanekezelwe ekugcineni kwe-dispatcher.

Nikeza ulwazi oluqondile lwendawo eboniswe epuleti lesitifiketi semoto:

1. Ikheli lomgwaqo lesakhiwo.
2. Ibhange elithile lekheshi (isibonelo, i-High-Rise Bank, i-Garage Bank, noma i-Freight Car 2).
3. Inombolo yesibonakaliso yemoto noma inombolo yokubhalisa yesifunda egxivizwe kuphaneli yensimbi yokusebenza.
4. Isilinganiso sendawo yaphansi sisekelwe ekutheni imoto ibihamba kuphi ngesikhathi ima.
5. Isamba senani labagibeli ngaphakathi nokuthi noma ngabe kukhona okhulelwe, osekhulile, noma obhekene nenkinga yezempilo.

+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                 ELEVATOR EMERGENCY PHONE              |
|                                                       |
|  [ PHONE ICON ]  PUSH AND HOLD BUTTON FOR 3 SECONDS   |
|                                                       |
|  BUILDING: 1200 GRAND AVENUE                          |
|  ELEVATOR ID: CAB NO. 4 (NORTH TOWER)                 |
|  STATE REGISTRATION NO: 884920-A                      |
|                                                       |
|  GREEN LIGHT = CALL CONNECTED   TALK TO SPEAKER ABOVE |
+-------------------------------------------------------+

Uma omakhalekhukhwini bengabonisi sevisi¶

Amagaraji okupaka ezinga le-Subway kanye nezakhiwo ezijulile ngokuvamile zivimbela amasignali amaselula, okushiya abagibeli "Bengenayo Isevisi" kumadivayisi eselula omuntu siqu. Izindlela zokwenyusa izikheshi zivalelwe ezindongeni eziqinile zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe noma amashafu esindayo e-gypsum drywall asebenza njengamakheji e-Faraday, ahlakaza amandla efrikhwensi yomsakazo.

Uma ucingo oluphuthumayo olusemotweni luhluleka ukuxhuma futhi omakhalekhukhwini babonisa ukungabikho kokwamukela:

Ungashayi isikrini sefoni ngokuxhamazela noma uphinde udayele kabusha ngokuqhubekayo, okuqeda impilo yebhethri phakathi nehora.

Nikeza umgibeli oyedwa onenkampani yenethiwekhi enamandla ukuze ahlole umlayezo wombhalo (SMS). Imilayezo yombhalo isebenza phezu kwamashaneli okusayina angasindi futhi ngokuvamile ingangena embozweni yeselula ebuthaka lapho izingcingo zezwi zingaphumeleli.

Thumela umlayezo wombhalo kothintwayo othembekile ngaphandle kwebhilidi othi: "Uvaleleke kukheshi [ekhelini lesakhiwo], [Inombolo Yemoto], phakathi kwesitezi [X kanye no-Y]. Ucingo olusemotweni aluphenduli. Sicela ushayele ku-911 kanye nabaphathi bebhilidi ngokushesha."

Sebenzisa inkinobho ye-alamu ebonakalayo kuphaneli yokusebenza. Amaphaneli esimanje anenkinobho yensimbi ekhala uphondo lwangaphandle oluhlabayo lwamadecibel angu-80 ukuya kwangu-90 olubekwe phezulu kwemoto nangaphandle kwendlela ekhuphukayo endaweni yokuma yezivakashi. Khalisa i-alamu ngokuqhuma okunesigqi (izindandatho ezintathu, misa imizuzwana eyishumi, izindandatho ezintathu) ukuze uxwayise abasebenzi bokunakekela noma abaqashile ephasishi.

Imisebenzi yokuhlenga yobungcweti: oomakhenikha ngokumelene nabacimi bomlilo¶

Ukuqonda ukuthi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe benza kanjani ukutakula ikheshi kusiza abagibeli abavaleleke ukuba balindele imisindo, ukudlidliza, nokunyakaza okwenzeka phakathi nokukhipha.

Ukuhlenga i-elevator kwenziwa yizinhlangano ezimbili ezihlukene: oomakhenikha abanelayisense balungisa ikheshi kanye nethimba labatakuli elisindayo lomnyango wezicishamlilo kamasipala. Izindlela zabo ziyehluka ngokuya ngokuphuthuma kwesimo.

Ukuhlenga okujwayelekile ngoomakhenikha abanelayisensi¶

Ngaphandle uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila ngokushesha (njengomlilo esakhiweni noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo okuqinile ngaphakathi kwekhebhu), abaphathi bezakhiwo bayohlala bebiza uchwepheshe wekheshi onelayisensi kuqala. Omakhenikha bayawaqonda ama-elevator kinematics futhi bangabuyisela ukunyakaza kwemoto ngaphandle kokulimaza okokusebenza noma ukubeka engozini abagibeli:

Umakhenikha uqala ngokungena egumbini lomshini elisophahleni noma elingaphansi. Babheka amakhodi ezinkomba zokuxilonga ebhodini lokulawula le-microprocessor ukuze babone ukuthi iyiphi inkinobho yokuphepha ehlatshiwe.

Uma imoto ingaphakathi kwendawo yokulinganisa, cishe amasentimitha angu-45 (amayintshi angu-18) ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala phansi, uchwepheshe angasebenzisa izilawuli zegumbi lomshini ukuze anikeze u-opharetha wesicabha amandla noma aphakamise mathupha ibhuleki elilungiswayo ukuze akhukhule ileveli yemoto ephikisanayo lapho ifika.

Uma seyenziwe ileveli, umakhenikha usebenzisa ukhiye wokuwisa ikheshi noma ukhiye wenyanga ukuze avule umnyango wokuhlela osuka ngaphandle, okuvumela abagibeli ukuba banqamule ngokuphepha umkhawulo weleveli baye ephasishi lebhilidi elikhanyisiwe.

Ukuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo ngabasebenzi bomnyango wezomlilo¶

Uma umgibeli ehlangabezana nesimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila, noma uma kutholwa intuthu enkulu endleleni, umnyango wezicishamlilo kamasipala wenza umsebenzi wokuhlenga ngeqhinga:

Izicishamlilo zibandakanya Isigaba I Emergency Recall. Ngokufaka ukhiye wesicishamlilo osebenza emhlabeni wonke (njengokhiye ojwayelekile we-FEO-K1 e-United States) eshintshwayo yokhiye we-lobby bese uyivula ukuze ithi "VULIWE", izicishamlilo ziyala wonke amakheshi kulelo bhange ukuthi azibe izingcingo zezimoto, akhansele izinkinobho zehholo, futhi abuyele ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni ekhethiwe yokwamukela izivakashi nezicabha ezivulwe ngokubanzi.

Uma iSigaba engikhumbulayo sihluleka ngenxa yokuthi amabhuleki ayimishini avaliwe noma ugesi unqanyuliwe, izicishamlilo ziqhubekela phansi ngenhla kwemoto emile.

Abaphendulayo bafaka ukhiye wokuvula we-hoistway ophuthumayo kukhiye omncane oyindilinga ekhoneni eliphezulu lomnyango wokufika. Ukuzungezisa ukhiye kugingqa i-rola yokucosha, okuvumela izicishamlilo ukuthi zishelele iminyango yokufikela esindayo ivuleke mathupha.

Izicishamlilo zisebenzisa izitebhisi eziphathwayo ze-aluminium, amahhanisi okuphepha, namanethi okuvikela ukuwa kwemishini phakathi kwegebe elivulekile lomgwaqo ngaphambi kokusiza abagibeli ukuthi baphume ngesikhathi esisodwa. Wonke umgibeli uvikelwa umhlengi ngaphambi kokuwela i-sill.

Amandla omphakathi, i-claustrophobia, nokuphathwa kweqembu¶

Indawo engokwengqondo ngaphakathi kwendawo evalekile, emile isho ukuthi ukubambeka kuhlala kuwukuphazamiseka okuncane noma kudlulela enkingeni eyingozi. Uma ubanjwe neqembu labantu ongabazi, ubuholi obuyisisekelo kanye nokuqwashisa ngezimo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukunciphisa ukwethuka okukhulu kanye ne-claustrophobia¶

I-Claustrophobia ibangelwa umbono wokuvinjelwa, hhayi ingozi yangempela yomzimba. Lapho umuntu ehlaselwa ukwesaba okukhulu, isimiso sakhe sezinzwa esinozwela sigcwala igazi nge-epinephrine:

Izimpawu ezingokomzimba zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okungajulile ngokushesha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izandla eziqhaqhazelayo, ukubona emhubheni, kanye nesifiso esibi sokuvula iminyango.

Uma umgibeli eqala ukungena emoyeni noma eshaya iminyango, ngenelela ngomoya ophansi:

Khuluma ngephimbo eliphansi, elilinganisiwe, elinegunya. Ukumemeza kungazelelwe kuphakamisa ukucindezeleka kweqembu. Batshele ngomoya ophansi ukuthi izintambo namabhuleki azishintshayo abambe ikhebhu ngokuphepha, nosizo lusendleleni.

Qeqesha umuntu ngokusebenzisa ukuphefumula kwebhokisi. Bahogele imizuzwana emine, babambe imizuzwana emine, bakhiphe imizuzwana emine, bese ume imizuzwana emine. Ukuphinda le phethini imizuzu emibili kusetha kabusha ukuvuka kwenzwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Qondisa ukugxila kwabo okubonakalayo kude neminyango evaliwe. Mabagxile entweni engathathi hlangothi: iwashi lesihlakala, iphethini kusilingi, noma izicathulo zabo. Ukubandakanya i-visual cortex ekucubunguleni imininingwane kuphazamisa i-amygdala panic loop.

Etiquette kanye nenhlangano inhlangano ezindaweni eziseduze¶

Ukuhlonipha okuncane kuvimbela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu lapho bevaleleke ezindaweni eziqinile isikhathi eside:

Misa imingcele yendawo yomuntu siqu. Gcina izandla ziphansi, izikhwama zihlezi phakathi kwezinyawo phansi, futhi ugweme ukuthintana ngokomzimba okungadingekile. Uma othile edinga ukujika noma ukushintsha indawo, mcele ukuthi amemezele ngesizotha kuqala.

Khetha umuntu oyedwa njengomxhumanisi oyinhloko wokuxhumana. Ungabi nabantu abaningi abamemeza ocingweni lwesipikha esiphuthumayo noma abamemeza ngemithungo yeminyango. Izwi elilodwa elicacile nelipholile likhuluma ne-dispatcher lenza ukudluliselwa okunembile kolwazi.

Thulisa ama-chime esaziso seselula nomsindo wevidiyo. Izexwayiso ezinkundleni zokuxhumana eziphezulu noma amaringithoni acasula abagibeli abacindezelekile futhi akhiphe amabhethri. Shintsha amafoni abe yimodi yokudlidliza noma ethulile.

Gcina ingxoxo ingathathi hlangothi futhi inesisekelo. Gwema ukuxoxa ngamafilimu enhlekelele, amahlebezi engozi ye-lifti, noma ukuqagela ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Gxila ezingxoxweni ezintweni ezingokoqobo: isikhathi samanje, i-ETA yochwepheshe, nokunethezeka kokuphefumula.

Amakhodi esikhumulo sesifunda, izindinganiso, nokwengamela izimo eziphuthumayo¶

Ukukhiqizwa kwamakheshi, izikhawu zokuhlola ukulungiswa, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo kulawulwa amakhodi aqinile omthetho kanye nama-ejensi alawulayo asemthethweni emhlabeni jikelele.

I-United States: ASME A17.1 kanye namakhodi okuphepha empilo e-NFPA¶

E-United States, idizayini nokusebenza kwamakheshi kuwela ngaphansi kwe-American Society of Mechanical Engineers standard ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 (Ikhodi Yokuphepha Yama-Elevator kanye Nezitebhisi Ezizihambelayo), ephoqelelwa iminyango yezwe yezabasebenzi, iminyango yezakhiwo zikamasipala, namashashali endawo abamba umlilo.

Wonke amakheshi esimanje abagibeli kufanele athobele imithetho ye-ADA Title III yezokuxhumana eziphuthumayo, edinga ukuthi izingcingo zokudayela ngokuzenzakalela ezingenazandla zihlolwe njalo.

Izilawuli zokusebenza zezicishamlilo zisezingeni. I-ASME A17.1 igunyaza amaswishi okukhumbula izimo eziphuthumayo kweSigaba I esitezi esikhethiwe sokungena kanye namaswishi okusebenza ezimo eziphuthumayo eSigaba II esifinyeleleka ngemva kwekhabethe elikhiyiwe ngaphakathi kwekhabhi kusetshenziswa okhiye abamisiwe.

Ukukhishwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngaphandle komakhenikha onelayisensi kukhawulelwe ngokusemthethweni kubasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abaqinisekisiwe (izicishamlilo nethimba lokuhlenga amaphoyisa). Ukushayela u-911 kuxhuma abafonayo kubathumeli bezimo eziphuthumayo bakamasipala abagcina ukuxhumana nomsakazo okuqondile nezimpi zokuhlenga ezinzima zomnyango wezomlilo.

E-Canada: I-CSA B44 kanye neziphathimandla zokuphepha zesifundazwe¶

E-Canada, ukuphepha kwe-elevator kulawulwa yi-Canadian Standards Association standard CSA B44, kwenganyelwe abalawuli bezokuphepha besifundazwe njenge-Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) e-Ontario, Technical Safety BC e-British Columbia, kanye ne-Regie du batiment du Quebec (RBQ).

Izimoto zamakheshi zingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile komthwalo waminyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa okuyimpoqo kokwehla kwegiya lokuphepha. Amakamelo abagibeli ahlanganisa izindlela ezimbili ezibukwayo nezokuxhumana zezwi zabahambi abangezwa kahle.

Ukuthunyelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kubo bonke omasipala baseCanada kufinyelelwa ngokushayela ku-911. Imithetho yesifundazwe igunyaza ukuthi abanikazi bezakhiwo babhale zonke iziboshwa futhi babike izigameko ezibandakanya ukulimala kokuxoshwa kwabaphathi bezokuphepha emahoreni angama-24.

I-United Kingdom ne-European Union: amazinga we-EN 81 kanye ne-LOLER¶

E-United Kingdom nakuyo yonke i-European Union, amakheshi abagibeli athobela Imithetho YaseYurophu EN 81-20 (Imithetho yokuphepha yokwakhiwa nokufakwa kwamakheshi) kanye ne-EN 81-50 (Imithetho yokuhlolwa neyokuhlola yezingxenye zokuphakamisa). E-UK, imishini yokuphakamisa yokusebenza ilawulwa ngaphansi kwe-Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER 1998).

Amakheshi ase-Europe afaka izinkinobho ze-alamu ezijwayelekile eziluhlaza ezixhunywe kumasistimu ocingo oluphuthumayo aqondiswa kabili athobela i-EN 81-28. Lawa mayunithi okuxhumana axhumeka ngqo kumhlinzeki wokulungisa ikheshi ubusuku nemini.

Amalifti ezicishamlilo abambelela ku-EN 81-72, afaka izinto zikagesi ezizinikezele, iminyango ekwazi ukumelana nomlilo, nokuvikela amanzi kumaphaneli okulawula kagesi ngaphakathi kwendlela ekhuphukayo. E-UK, ukuthunyelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kufinyelelwa nge-999 noma i-112, kuyilapho ukudayela u-112 kuxhuma abafonayo ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU.

I-Australia: AS 1735 kanye nokwengamela kwesifunda kwe-SafeWork¶

E-Australia, ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwekheshi kuwela ngaphansi kwe-Australian Standard AS 1735 (Ukuphakanyiswa, izitebhisi ezizihambelayo kanye nohambo oluhambayo), olulawulwa iziphathimandla zezempilo nokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza njenge-SafeWork NSW, WorkSafe Victoria, kanye ne-Workplace Health and Safety Queensland.

I-AS 1735 inika amandla amadivaysi okulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo azama ukuletha izimoto ezimile endaweni yokufikela eseduze ngamandla webhethri asizayo ngesikhathi sokuphela kokusetshenziswa okuvamile.

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana kufanele zixhumane ngqo nesikhungo sokuqapha esigunyaziwe esisebenza amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ukusabela kwezimo eziphuthumayo kubagibeli abavaleleke kuxhunywa ngezicishamlilo zikamasipala (Fire and Rescue NSW, Country Fire Authority, Queensland Fire and Emergency Services) okufinyelelwa kuzo ngokudayela u-000.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Ingabe sizophelelwa umoya-mpilo uma ikheshi lihlala libambekile amahora amaningi?¶

Cha. Amakhebhu ezikheshi kanye namashafu aqondile aklanywe ngendlela ehlala njalo, evulekile yokuvula umoya ezungeze umjikelezo wephansi nosilingi. I-thermal convection idonsa ngokuqhubekayo umoya opholile phakathi nezikhala zaphansi futhi ikhipha umoya ofudumele ngosilingi uye endaweni ekhuphukayo. Nakuba umoya uzozizwa ufudumele ngokungakhululekile, unomswakama, futhi uminyene ngenxa yokushisa komzimba, amazinga komoyampilo azohlala ephephile ekuphefumuleni okuvamile unomphela.

Kwenzekani uma izintambo zekheshi zinqamuka singaphakathi?¶

Amakheshi abagibeli amiswe ngamakhebula ensimbi amaningi azimele, noma iyiphi engasekela imoto egcwele ngokugcwele iyodwa. Ngisho noma ikhebula ngalinye belinqanyulwa, umbusi osebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu ngokuphelele ubengavusa amaweji ensimbi aqinile ngaphansi kwesitezi semoto. Lawa maweji abambana ngqo kumareyili ensimbi eqinile, akhiyele imoto ohlakeni lwe-shaft phakathi kwamasentimitha ngaphandle kokudinga amandla kagesi.

Singakwazi yini ukuvula iminyango futhi sikhuphukele endaweni lapho kuhlala khona?¶

Cha. Ukuzama ukuphuma ekheshini elimile phakathi kwezitezi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yezingozi ezibulalayo zamakheshi. Imoto ingahamba kungalindelekile uma iphutha likagesi licisha, okudala ingozi ebulalayo yokugunda ekhanda lika-hoistway. futhi, isikhala esingaphansi kwesitezi semoto sivulekele ukwehla okuqondile emgodini. Hlala ngaphakathi kwe-cab lapho uvikelekile kuze kube yilapho ochwepheshe bevikela ilifti.

Kungani ifoni ephuthumayo yekheshi ithatha amaminithi ambalwa ukuxhuma?¶

Uma ucindezela inkinobho yefoni yesimo esiphuthumayo esisemotweni, isidayeli esizenzakalelayo kufanele sibambe ulayini wocingo wangaphandle, sidlule ekushintshaneni kwamagatsha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi sisungule uxhumano lwedijithali nesikhungo sokuqapha samahora angu-24. Le nqubo yokudayela nokuthungatha ngokuvamile idinga amasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-45. Uma isixhumekile, i-dispatcher kufanele ibuyekeze i-telemetry yokubhaliswa kwemoto yakho kutheminali yabo ngaphambi kokukhuluma. Cindezela inkinobho ngokuqinile kanye bese ulinda ngesineke.

Ingabe kuphephile ukugxuma phezulu naphansi ukuze ikheshi elibhajwe linyakaze?¶

Cha. Ukugxumela phakathi kwemoto yekheshi akuzilungisi izitebele eziwumshini. Eqinisweni, ukulayisha okuzumayo okume mpo kungahle kukhubekise izinzwa zokulinganisa zika-elekthronikhi ezibucayi noma kucuphe ukuphepha kwemishini, kuhlomise imoto iqine nakakhulu kumareyili angumhlahlandlela ome mpo. Ukweqa kwandisa ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabanye abagibeli futhi kungabangela ukuwa okubuhlungu noma imihuzuko yeqakala phansi eliqinile.

Isitifiketi sosizo lokuqala¶

Ukufakwa kwekheshi kuvame ukuletha izimo eziphuthumayo ezingalindelekile zezokwelapha, kusukela ku-hyperventilation eshubile kanye nokuqina kwesifuba okubangelwa ukwethuka kuya ku-syncope ye-vasovagal enamandla kanye nokuphelelwa ukushisa. Ukwazi ukuthi ukulethwa kanjani ngokushesha usizo lokuqala ezindaweni eziqinile, ezivalekile kungasimamisa abanye abagibeli ngaphambi kokuthi kufike amaqembu abatakuli.

Sikhuthaza kakhulu bonke abaqashi bendawo yokusebenza, abahlali bamafulethi, kanye nabagibeli bezentengiselwano ukuthi baphishekele ukuthola izitifiketi ezisemthethweni zosizo lokuqala kanye nokuvuselelwa kwenhliziyo (CPR) ngezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe njenge-American Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, i-British Red Cross, noma i-Canadian Red Cross. Ukuqeqeshwa okuqinisekisiwe kukufundisa ukubona ukucindezeleka kwangempela kwezokwelapha, ukwenza i-CPR yezandla kuphela, ukuphatha ukuvinjwa kwendlela yomoya, futhi unikeze ukusekela okungokomzwelo okuzinzile phakathi nokubanjwa kwesakhiwo esinengcindezi ephezulu.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, United States): ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Ikhodi Yokuphepha Yezinyusi nezitebhisi ezizihambelayo.
• I-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): I-NFPA 101 Ikhodi Yokuphepha Kokuphila kanye nemihlahlandlela yokusebenza kwezimo eziphuthumayo zekheshi.
• I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): I-Hoistway Fall Protection and Confined Space Safety Regulations.
• I-European Committee for Standardization (CEN, European Union): EN 81-20 kanye ne-EN 81-50 Imithetho Yokuphepha Yokwakhiwa Nokufakwa Kwama-Lift.
• I-Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemishini yokuphakamisa (i-Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998).
• Amazinga e-Australia (Australia): AS 1735.1 Izimfuneko zokuphepha ezijwayelekile zokuphakamisa, izitebhisi ezizihambelayo nezinyakazayo.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Izimo eziphuthumayo ze-elevator: impendulo ephephile kumakhebhi amile kanye nokucisha kukagesi
• Ukusinda kwesixuku futhi kunyathelene ezindaweni zomphakathi ezivalekile
• Ulushaya kanjani ucingo oluphuthumayo ngefoni efile noma enebhethri eliphansi
• Iboshwe ngaphandle kwefoni, isikhwama semali noma okhiye endaweni angayazi
• Izinombolo zesimo esiphuthumayo ngezwe