Ukuhluleka kweValve Yokungena komoya: Ukuvuza Kwegesi Yendle ne-P-Trap Siphonage¶

Amavaluvu Okungena Emoyeni (ama-AAV), avame ukubhekiselwa kuwo ngamagama okuhweba afana nama-Studor vents noma ama-mechanical vents, angavali bemishini azwela umfutho wendlela eyodwa aklanyelwe ukufaka umoya womkhathi kusistimu yokukhipha amapayipi amanzi kuyilapho evaleka ngokuqinile ngokumelene nokuphuma kwegesi yendle. Lapho indawo yokufaka amapayipi ikhipha amanzi angcolile epayipini lokudonsa amanzi, i-slug yamanzi enyakazayo idala indawo yokucindezela yomoya engalungile, noma i-siphon vacuum, ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi e-drain-waste-vent (DWV). I-AAV isabela kulo mehluko ongemuhle wengcindezi, encane njengokususa 0.05 kilopascals (susa amaphawundi angu-0.007 ngeyintshi yesikwele), ngokuphakamisa i-elastomeric diaphragm yangaphakathi noma idiski yokuvala ukuze ingenise umoya wegumbi elizungezile esitakini. Lokhu kungena kulinganisa ingcindezi yepayipi yangaphakathi nengcindezi yomoya, kuvikela uphawu lwamanzi aluketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-P-trap kusuka ku-hydraulic siphonage.

Lapho i-valve yokungena emoyeni ihluleka ukusebenza, kuba nezingozi ezinkulu zemvelo nempilo endaweni yokuhlala. Ama-AAV emishini ahluleka ngokuyinhloko ezindleleni ezimbili zokusebenza: ukwehluleka endaweni evulekile noma ukwehluleka endaweni evaliwe. Ukwehluleka okuvulekile kwenzeka lapho ama-mineral crusts, ama-aerosols wamafutha okupheka, ama-diaphragm enjoloba eyonakele, noma imfucumfucu ivimbela ulwelwesi oluvalayo ukuthi lungahlali maqondana nomphetho wevalvu. Kulesi simo, i-valve ikhipha amagesi endle ayingozi aqukethe i-hydrogen sulfide enobuthi, i-asphyxiating carbon dioxide, i-methane evuthayo, ne-ammonia ngqo ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Ngokuphambene, ukwehluleka okuvaliwe kwenzeka lapho izingxenye zemishini zangaphakathi zibopha, zibamba, noma zinamathela esihlalweni sevalvu ngenxa yodaka olomisiwe noma ukungqubuzana komzimba. Ekwehlulekeni okuvaliwe, i-AAV ayikwazi ukuvuleka ukuze ikhulule igagasi lokucindezela elingalungile elikhiqizwa lapho ukulungiswa kudonsa. Ivacuum ye-siphon ewumphumela idonsa isivimbelo samanzi esiwuketshezi esiyisivikelo siphume endaweni eseduze ye-P-traps ngokusebenzisa i-siphonage eyi-siphonage, ishiya isicupho sendawo yome ngokuphelele. Uma i-P-trap ilahlekelwa uphawu lwayo lwamanzi, amagesi endle ageleza ngokungakhawulelwe endlini nge-drain yesinki ye-fixture, i-floor drain, noma i-strainer yeshawa, okudala isimo sokuxilonga esingaqondakali lapho abahlali behogela igesi yendle kodwa bengakwazi ukukhomba ingxenye ehlulekile.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Khipha bonke abahlali kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ngokushesha kunoma yiliphi igumbi elivalekile elibonisa iphunga elinamandla lesitamende elibolile, elivula amafasitela angaphandle endleleni yakho yokuphuma ukuze kungene umoya wemvelo ngokushesha.
2. Cisha wonke amalangabi avulekile, izibani zokushayela, nezinto ezibhemayo, ugweme ukusebenzisa amaswishi kagesi kagesi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, noma izifeni ezikhipha umoya ezingase zikhiqize i-arc kagesi endaweni eqhumayo.
3. Uma iphunga legesi yendle lishubile, shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma uthinte igesi yemvelo yangakini kanye nezisetshenziswa zikamasipala zokuthuthwa kwendle endaweni ephephile ngaphandle.
4. Gcwalisa kabusha wonke amakamelo ama-P-trap ngokuthela ilitha elingu-1 (amalitha angu-0.26) lamanzi ahlanzekile phansi ngakuwo wonke usinki, ishawa, ubhavu, kanye nomsele waphansi ukuze ubuyisele uketshezi olomile oluvimbela amanzi.
5. Thola i-valve yokungena komoya esolwayo, ngokuvamile ebekwe ngaphansi kwamakhabethe kasinki wasekhishini, izinto eziyize zasendlini yangasese, noma ngaphakathi kwamabhokisi ezinto ezitholakalayo elondolo.
6. Yenza isivalo sesikhashana esisheshayo ngokusonga yonke ihood engaphezulu enembobo ye-AAV ehlulekile ngesikhwama sepulasitiki esindayo esivikelwe ngokuqinile esikhuphukeni sepayipi ngebhande lerabha elisindayo noma i-zip tie, ukumisa ukuphuma kwegesi ngenkathi ulungiselela ozongena esikhundleni.
7. Vula iwindi lesibili langaphandle bese usebenzisa ifeni engaqhumisi noma enesilinganiso sangaphandle ephephezela ngaphandle ukuze ikhiphe i-hydrogen sulfide ehlala isikhathi eside kanye nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo ezivela endaweni yokuhlala.

flowchart TD
    A["Kutholwe Iphunga Legesi Yendle noma Imisele Eguquguqukayo"] --> B["Isinyathelo 1: Hlola Iphunga Elinamandla Negumbi Lokungenisa umoya"]
    B --> C{"Ingabe Iphunga Leqanda Elibolile Linamandla Kakhulu?"}
    C -- "Yebo" --> D["Phuma Emagcekeni bese Ushayela Inombolo Yezimo Eziphuthumayo ngaphandle"]
    C -- "Cha" --> E["Isinyathelo sesi-2: Gcwalisa Wonke ama-P-Trap nge-1 Litre Lamanzi"]
    E --> F["Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thola iValve Yokungena Ngaphansi Kosinki Yomoya"]
    F --> G{"Yenza Isikhwama Sokuxilonga noma Ukuhlola Ibhamuza ku-AAV"}
    G -- "Igesi Iphunyuka I-Valve Hood Edlule" --> H["Ukuhlonza Ukuhluleka Okuvuliwe: I-EPDM Seal Eyehlisiwe"]
    G -- "Ikhipha i-Gurgle kanye ne-Traps uSiphon" --> I["Ukuhlonza Ukwehluleka Okuvaliwe: I-Valve Disc Ebanjiwe"]
    H --> J["Ukugoqa Kwesikhashana Ngesikhwama Se-Polyethylene kanye Nothayi Woziphu"]
    I --> J
    J --> K["I-AAV Engafundiwe Yehlulekile Ngokuphikisana Newashi kusuka ku-adaptha"]
    K --> L["Hlola i-PVC Riser Enemicu kanye Nemfucumfucu Ecacile"]
    L --> M["Faka i-ASSE 1051 Certified AAV entsha ngeTeflon Tape"]
    M --> N["Qinisekisa Ukucaciswa Okumile: Ubuncane obungu-100 mm Ngaphezu Komsele Wegatsha"]
    N --> O["Yenza Ukuhlolwa Kokugeleza Kwamanzi Ukuqinisekisa Ukugeleza Okushelelayo Nephunga Eliziro"]

I-Anatomy, i-mechanics, namazinga wamavalvu angenisa umoya¶

Amavalvu okungena komoya angamadivayisi asebenza ngokunemba asebenza ngamandla adonsela phansi noma asiza entwasahlobo aklanyelwe ukumiselela izitaki zemishini yokungenisa umoya evulekile evamile kumagatsha athile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ukulungiselelwa kwengxenye yangaphakathi kucacisa ukuthi kungani izici zemvelo nokuguga komzimba kubangela ukungasebenzi okungazelelwe.

Ivalvu yokungena emoyeni ihlanganisa indlu eyisilinda ebunjiwe ekhiqizwe nge-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) noma i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ene-flame-retardant. Isisekelo sendlu sihlanganisa izintambo zesilisa ze-National Pipe Taper (NPT), ngokuvamile ezingosayizi wamapayipi angu-38-millimeter (1.5-intshi) noma 50-millimeter (2-intshi) wepayipi, oklanyelwe ukuxhuma ku-PVC yesifazane efanayo noma i-adaptha yesicupho se-ABS enamathiselwe epayipini lesitaki sokukhipha umoya esime mpo.

Ngaphakathi kwendlu ye-valve kuhlala umhlangano wokuvala, ohlanganisa isihlalo se-valve esiyindilinga, i-disc yokuvala yangaphakathi, kanye ne-flexible elastomeric membrane. Kumamodeli okuhweba asebenza kahle kakhulu, i-membrane yokuvala ikhiqizwa ngerabha yokwenziwa ye-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) noma i-fluorosilicone elastomer. I-EPDM ikhethwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukumelana namagesi endle, nokuzinza kokusebenza kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa asuka ku-minus 40 degrees Celsius (minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit) kuya ku-65 degrees Celsius (149 degrees Fahrenheit).

I-valve isebenza ngokuhluka kwengcindezi yasemkhathini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi, amandla adonsela phansi abamba i-disc yokuvala kanye nolwelwesi lwe-EPDM ngokumelene nesihlalo se-valve, ukuvimbela igesi yendle ukuthi ingaphunyuli ingene egumbini. Lapho indawo yokufaka amapayipi ikhipha amanzi angcolile, ikholomu yamanzi anyakazayo idala igagasi lokucindezela elibi ngaphakathi kwepayipi lokungenisa umoya. Uma le ngcindezi engemihle ifinyelela ku-0.05 kilopascals (amaphawundi angu-0.007 iyintshi yesikwele), ukucindezela komkhathi ukhuphula i-disc esihlalweni sayo, okuvumela umoya wegumbi ukuthi ugijimele esitakini futhi wenelise i-vacuum.

Uma ukuthuthwa kwamanzi sekuqediwe futhi nomfutho wepayipi wangaphakathi ubuyela ekulinganeni komkhathi, amandla adonsela phansi adonsela idiski yokuvala phansi, iphinde ivale ulwelwesi lwe-EPDM ngokumelene nesihlalo sevalvu. Uma kwenzeka igagasi lokucindezela eliphozithivu, elifana nokukhuphuka kwepayipi lendle likamasipala noma umzila wokudonsa amanzi ovala ipayipi, ingcindezi ephozithivu iphushela phezulu phezulu kwediski, icindezela isivalo se-elastomeric siqine nakakhulu esihlalweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwamanzi angcolile noma ipayipi lendle.

Amavalvu okungena komoya aqinisekiswa ngaphansi kwamazinga okuhlola aqinile embonini: - I-ASSE Standard 1051: Ilawula ama-valve okungenwa komoya angawodwa kanye nohlobo lwegatsha kumasistimu okudonsa amanzi, ibeka ama-valve emijikelezweni eqhubekayo yokusebenza evulekile engu-500,000 kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi emile kuma-kilopascal angu-3.7 (amayintshi angu-15 wekholomu yamanzi) ngaphandle kokuvuza. - I-ASSE Standard 1050: Ilawula amavalvu angenisa umoya wohlobo lwesitaki asetshenziselwa amasistimu okungenisa umoya esakhiwo sonke. - I-NSF/ANSI Izinga 14: Iqinisekisa izingxenye zesistimu yamapayipi epulasitiki nezinto ezihambisanayo zokuphepha kwamapayipi kanye nokufaneleka kobuthi. - I-European Standard BS EN 12380: Ihlukanisa ama-AAV ngokwezigaba ezifana ne-Class A1, amavalvu aqinisekisayo akwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliqandisiwe (ehle afinyelele ku-20 degrees Celsius / minus 4 degrees Fahrenheit) avuze igesi eyiziro ngaphansi kwengcindezi efika ku-10 kilopascals isikwele ngasinye (1.45 inch).

Ikhemikhali yegesi yendle, i-toxicology, nobungozi bokuqhuma¶

Igesi yendle ayiyona ikhemikhali eyodwa; iyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi, eguquguqukayo yamagesi anobuthi, ama-asphyxiant alula, kanye nama-bio-aerosols akhiqizwa ukubola kwebhaktheriya ye-anaerobic yokukhuculula indle yasendlini ngaphakathi kwamapayipi endle kamasipala, amathangi e-septic, namapayipi okwakha amanzi. Lapho i-valve yokungena komoya ingavuleki, la magesi abalekela ezindaweni zokuhlala, aveze izingozi ezinkulu zomzimba namakhemikhali.

IHydrogen sulfide (\(H_2S\)) iyisakhi esiyingozi kakhulu esisegesini yendle. Ikhiqizwe amagciwane anciphisa isibabule agaya ama-sulfate kudoti wezinto eziphilayo, i-hydrogen sulfide iyigesi engenambala, enobuthi obunamandla enephunga elibabazekayo lamaqanda abolile ezindaweni eziphansi. Izinzwa zokuhogela zomuntu zithola i-hydrogen sulfide ekugxilweni okuphansi njengezingxenye ezingu-0.0005 ngesigidi (ppm). Kodwa-ke, ekugxilweni okungaphezu kuka-100 ppm, i-hydrogen sulfide ibangela ukukhubazeka kwenzwa ehogela ngokushesha, iqede ngokuphelele umuzwa wokuhogela phakathi nemizuzu futhi edukisa abahlali ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ingozi isinyamalele.

I-Methane (\(CH_4\)) imele ingxenye eyinhloko evuthayo nephefumulayo yegesi yendle, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa amaphesenti angama-50 kuya kwangu-80 omthamo womhwamuko we-anaerobic. I-Methane iyi-hydrocarbon engenaphunga, engenambala, elula kunomoya esebenza njenge-asphyxiant elula ngokukhipha umoya-mpilo ophefumulayo ezindaweni ezivalekile. Ingozi eyinhloko ye-methane ezakhiweni zokuhlala umlilo nokuqhuma. I-Methane inomkhawulo ongaphansi kweziqhumane (LEL) wamaphesenti angu-5.0 ngevolumu yomoya (50,000 ppm) kanye ne-Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) yamaphesenti angu-15.0 ngevolumu emoyeni (150,000 ppm).

Lapho i-valve yokungena emoyeni ehlulekile ikhipha igesi yendle ekhabetheni leze elivaliwe noma igumbi lezinsiza elingenawo umoya, i-methane inqwabelana eduze kwendiza yosilingi. Uma ukugxila kufinyelela kumaphesenti angu-5 we-LEL, noma iyiphi inhlansi kagesi evela ku-arcing light switch, i-compressor relay yesiqandisi, injini yokulahla udoti, noma ilangabi elivulekile lizothungela ifu lomhwamuko khona manjalo, kubangele ukuqhuma okuqhumayo okukwazi ukuphephula izindonga zangaphakathi nokuphihliza amafasitela.

Ngokungeziwe ku-hydrogen sulfide ne-methane, igesi yendle iqukethe i-ammonia (\(NH_3\)), i-carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo njenge-benzene ne-chloroform, kanye namagciwane atholakala emoyeni amancane. Izinhlayiya zendle ezifakwe umoya zithwala ubuthi be-endotoxin kanye namagciwane e-enteric afana ne-Escherichia coli kanye ne-Salmonella, ahlala ezindaweni ezilungiselelwa ukudla, izixubho, nezitsha zasekhishini ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe ezindlu amavalvu angasebenzi.

I-taxonomy yemodi yokwehluleka: ukwehluleka okuvulekile ngokumelene nokwehluleka okuvaliwe¶

Ukuhlonza isimo esiphuthumayo sevalvu yokungena emoyeni kudinga ukuqonda ukuthi ingabe ukuhlangana komshini kuhlulekile yini endaweni evulekile noma endaweni evaliwe. Imodi yokwehluleka ngayinye ikhiqiza izimpawu ezihlukile ze-hydraulic nezinzwa ezisho izindlela ezihlukene zokuxazulula izinkinga.

Imodi ye-Open-failure (ipayipi legesi yamapayipi endle)¶

Uma kunehluleki evulekile, i-diaphragm ye-EPDM yangaphakathi iyehluleka ukuvala isihlalo sevalvu lapho amanzi ephela. Lokhu kwehluleka kuvela ekuhlanganisweni kwamaminerali, i-elastomeric oxidation, ukungcola kwebhayoloji okuvela ezinambuzaneni, noma izingxenye zangaphakathi zamafutha okupheka aphekwa ngomoya. Igrisi efakwe umoya kanye nezihwamuko zamakhemikhali zokuhlanza zonakalisa irabha yokwenziwa ye-EPDM eminyakeni engu-5 kuya kwengu-15, okubangela ulwelwesi oluvala uphawu lube lukhuni, lugoqe, noma lubophe endaweni evulekile.

Ukwehluleka obala kubonakala njengephunga eliqhubekayo, elishintshashintshayo legesi yendle elenziwa endaweni ngqo eduze kwekhabhinethi ehlala i-AAV. Iphunga liya liba likhulu lapho umfutho womoya ongaphandle we-atmospheric barometric wehla, noma lapho umoya ovunguza ophahleni udala ingcindezi enhle ngaphakathi kwepayipi lendle likamasipala, uphushela umhwamuko ngevalvu evulekile ungene egumbini.

Imodi yokwehluleka okuvaliwe (i-vacuum lock kanye ne-P-trap siphonage eyenziwe)¶

Uma kuvaliwe, i-AAV sealing disc ibamba iqine ngokumelene nesihlalo sevalvu noma ibophe isiqu sayo somhlahlandlela, ivimbele ivalvu ukuthi ingavuleki ngaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle. Lokhu kukhiqiza ukukhiya kwe-vacuum ngaphakathi kwe-drainpipe, okubangela imisindo enzima yokugudla njengoba umoya udonswa ngamandla ngokusebenzisa izicupho eziseduze ze-P. I-vacuum yokumunca ikhipha ngokuphelele amanzi awuketshezi emi ngaphakathi kwediphu yesicupho egobile, ishiye i-P-trap yomile futhi ivule indlela eqondile yokungena kwegesi yendle. Amanzi angcolile aphuma ngokuvilapha futhi ahamba ngendlela engaqondakali ngoba umoya ophumayo awukwazi ukungena kunethiwekhi yamapayipi.

Izinqubo zokuhlola zokuxilonga zamavalvu asolwayo¶

Lapho kuvela iphunga legesi yendle noma imisele egelezayo, yenza ukuhlola okuhlelekile kokuhlonza ukuze uhlukanise ukwehluleka kwevalvu yokungena emoyeni kunokuba kube namapayipi aqhephukile, ama-slip joints, noma ama-drain omisiwe aphansi.

Ukuhlolwa kwamandla emali ezikhwama zepulasitiki¶

Ukuhlola okulula okungacekeleki phansi kokuqinisekisa ukwehluleka okuvulekile ukuhlola izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivaliwe. Thola isikhwama sokugcina ukudla esicacile, esingasindi esingu-3.8-litre (1-gallon) se-polyethylene noma isikhwama sokuthenga sepulasitiki esihlanzekile. Shelelisela isikhwama ngokuphelele phezu kwehood evundiwe engaphezulu yevalvu yokungena komoya efakiwe, uhlanganise intamo yesikhwama uyiqinise eduze kwesikhuphukeli sepayipi esime mpo ngaphansi kwevalvu. Vikela ipulasitiki ngokuqinile epayipini usebenzisa ibhande lokunwebeka elisindayo, i-zip tie, noma itheyiphu kagesi ukuze wenze indawo ebiyelwe engenamoya.

Shiya isikhwama endaweni amahora amabili kuya kwamane ngenkathi usebenzisa amapayipi okufaka amapayipi ngokujwayelekile. Uma i-valve yokungena komoya isebenza kahle, isikhwama sizohlala sihlakazekile ngokuphelele, sixhuga, noma simuncwa kancane ngaphakathi ngokumelene nomzimba we-valve ngenxa yokucindezela okungalungile. Uma i-valve ihlulekile ukuvuleka, amagesi endle angena ngesihlalo sevalvu engavaliwe azofutha isikhwama sepulasitiki njengebhaluni, avale iphakethe eligxilile legesi enuka kabi ngaphakathi kwepulasitiki ecacile. Uma ukwehla kwamandla emali kubonakala, ukuhlonzwa kokwehluleka okuvulekile kuqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokudinga imishini ekhethekile yokuthola igesi kagesi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwebhamuza lensipho¶

Ukuze uthole ukuvuza okuncane ku-diaphragm ye-EPDM endala engase ingavutheli ngokugcwele isikhwama sepulasitiki, sebenzisa isisombululo sokuthola ukuvuza kwebhamuza eliwuketshezi (noma ingxube engu-10:1 yamanzi afudumele nensipho ewuketshezi yesitsha). Sula ihood ye-louvered yangaphandle kanye nesisekelo se-AAV ususe uthuli nolwembu lwesicabucabu usebenzisa i-rag emanzi.

Usebenzisa isipontshi esincane noma ibhulashi lokupenda elihlanzekile, gcoba ifilimu eliwuketshezi olunensipho endaweni yokungenisa umoya futhi uzungeze umthungo ongaphezulu wendlu yamavalvu. Geza amanzi ashisayo kusinki oseduze imizuzwana engu-30, bese uvala umpompi. Bukela ifilimu yensipho eduze: uma amabhamuza ekhula, enwebeka, noma ephumela ngaphandle eduze nezikhala zokudonsa, ingcindezi yegesi yamapayipi endle idlula i-diaphragm yangaphakathi, iqinisekisa isihlalo sevalvu esihlulekile.

Isivivinyo sokugcwalisa amanzi se-P-trap esomile¶

Uma igesi yamapayipi endle itholwa endlini yokugezela kodwa i-AAV engaphansi kukasinki ibonakala ivalwe ngokuqinile, inkinga ivamise ukubangelwa ukuthulula ama-P-trap aseduze. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingavamile ukusetshenziswa, njengamashawa egumbi lokugezela lezihambeli, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi angaphansi kwesitezi, noma osinki abasizayo bewasha, balahlekelwa izigxivizo zabo zamanzi ezivikelayo ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwemvelo noma ukumuncwa amapayipi amanzi aseduze.

Thatha isitsha se-1-litre (0.26-gallon) samanzi ahlanzekile futhi uwathele kancane kancane kuwo wonke ama-drain ekamelweni, kuhlanganise nosinki, ubhavu, indawo yokugezela, kanye ne-drain yaphansi. Amanzi azogcwalisa ijika eliphansi le-P-trap, enze isithiyo se-hydrostatic esingangeni moya esingamamilimitha angu-50 kuya ku-100 wamamilimitha (ama-intshi angu-2 kuya kwangu-4) ukujula esivimba amagesi endle ngokuphelele. Uma iphunga legesi yendle linyamalala phakathi nemizuzu engu-30 yokugcwalisa izicupho futhi lingabuyi kuze kube yilapho enye indawo idonsa, i-AAV ibhekane nokuhluleka okuvaliwe, ukudonsa ama-trap seal ome phakathi nemijikelezo yokukhipha amanzi edlule.

Izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa eziphuthumayo kanye nokushintshanisa¶

Uma ivalvu yokungena emoyeni itholakala inesici, kufanele ibekwe yodwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvikelwe ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini, kulandele ukushintshwa kwevalvu evunyiwe, enosayizi ofanelekile.

Iphrothokholi yokuhlukaniswa yesikhashana esheshayo¶

Uma i-valve yokushintsha ingatholakali ngokushesha, yenza ukuhlukaniswa kwesikhashana ukuze umise ukungenwa kwegesi yamapayipi endle. Goqa yonke indlu engaphezulu ye-AAV ehlulekile ngezandlalelo ezimbili zepulasitiki ye-polyethylene engu-6-mil noma i-aluminium foil. Vikela ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kuqine kusikhuphukeli sepayipi esime mpo ngaphansi kwemicu yevalvu usebenzisa ukusonga okuthathu kwetheyiphu yokudonsa ukumisa ukuphuma kwegesi. Okunye, ungafundi i-AAV ehlulekile bese uxhuma ipulaki eqinile yokuhlanza ye-PVC ku-adaptha yesifazane kuze kufakwe enye.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inqubo yokushintsha i-valve¶

Ukushintsha ivalvu yokungena emoyeni ehlulekile kudinga amathuluzi amancane futhi kungenziwa phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15 uma sekukhona ivalvu yokufaka eqinisekisiwe.

1. Thola Ukumiselela Okuqinisekisiwe: Thenga ivalvu yokungena emoyeni egunyazwe ku-ASSE 1051 (njenge-Oatey Sure-Vent noma i-Studor Mini-Vent). Qinisekisa ukuthi ukulinganisa kwe-valve Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU) kuyafana noma kweqa umthwalo wezinto ezikhiphayo (ngokujwayelekile ama-DFU angama-20 okungenisa umoya egatsheni, ama-DFU angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 endlu yokugezela eyodwa noma usinki wasekhishini).
2. Susa unthread Ivalve Ehlulekile: Bamba umzimba oyisilinda we-AAV endala ngokuqinile ngesandla bese uwuzungezisa ngokuphikisana nokuhamba kwewashi. Amavalvu amaningi aqiniswe ngesandla abe ama-adaptha anentambo ye-PVC noma ye-ABS futhi ngeke afundeke kalula. Uma i-valve imelana, beka iphinikhodi yokukhiya isiteshi noma isikrufu sebhande esilungisekayo eduze nesisekelo se-hex engezansi yomzimba we-valve bese ujika ngobumnene, uqaphele ukuthi ungaqheki ipayipi lepulasitiki elingaphansi.
3. Hlola Futhi Uhlanze I-adaptha: Hlola i-adaptha enentambo yesifazane enamathiselwe esitakini sepayipi esime mpo. Sebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile noma ibhulashi lenayiloni elithambile ukuze usule isivalo esidala sentambo, ukungcola, namadiphozithi amaminerali omisiwe emicu yangaphakathi. Hlola i-adaptha yepulasitiki ukuze uthole ukuqhekeka kwezinwele.
4. Sebenzisa i-Thread Sealant: Goqa imicu ye-NPT yesilisa yevalvu yokungena emoyeni entsha ngokugoqa okuthathu okugcwele kwetheyiphu yotywino yokuqina ye-PTFE, usebenzisa itheyiphu njengokuhamba kwewashi lapho kuya khona imicu. Kungenjalo, sebenzisa ijazi elincanyana, elilinganayo lenhlanganisela egunyaziwe yepayipi lepulasitiki elingaqini.
5. Intambo futhi Qinisa Ivaluvu Entsha Ngesandla: Faka i-AAV entsha ku-adaptha yesifazane ngesandla, ujike uhambisane newashi kuze kube yilapho imicu ibambana kahle. Qinisa i-valve ngesandla ize ihlale iqinile ngokumelene nehlombe le-adaptha, bese usebenzisa ukuphenduka okwengeziwe kwekota eyodwa usebenzisa isikrufu esilungisekayo kumaflethi e-hex aphansi. Ungalokothi uqinise ngokweqile imicu yepulasitiki, njengoba ukuqinisa ngokweqile kuqhekeza i-adaptha ye-PVC yesifazane, kwakheka ukuvuza kwegesi yepayipi lendle elicashile ngaphansi kwendawo efanelekile.
6. Qinisekisa ukuqondanisa kwePlumb: Qinisekisa ukuthi ivalve entsha ihlezi kahle endizeni eqondile. Amavalvu okungena komoya ancike kumandla adonsela phansi ukuze ahlalise idiski yokuvala yangaphakathi; ukufaka i-AAV nge-engeli engaphezu kwamadigri angu-15 ukusuka mpo wangempela kuvimbela idiski yangaphakathi ukuthi ingahlali ngokulinganayo, okubangela ukuvuza kwegesi ngokushesha.

Izidingo zosayizi, ukuphakama, kanye nokufaka i-geometry¶

Amakhodi okufaka amapayipi asungula imithetho eqinile yendawo kanye nokuphakama elawula ukufakwa kwamavalvu angenisa umoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kwama-drainage.

Ukuphakama ngaphezu komsele wegatsha ovundlile¶

Ngaphansi kweSigaba 918.4 se-IPC, ivalvu yokungena komoya kufanele ibekwe ubuncane obungamamilimitha angu-100 (amayintshi angu-4) ngaphezu komsele wegatsha ovundlile noma i-fixture drain ekhishwayo. Lokhu kususwa okuqondile kuvimbela igwebu elimile lokudonsa amanzi kanye namanzi angcolile ukuthi afinyelele i-diaphragm ye-EPDM yangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa okujwayelekile.

Lapho isikhala sivuma ngaphakathi kwamakhabethe ayize, osebenza ngamapayipi batusa ukuthi kufakwe i-AAV phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwetafula, ngokufanelekile ukubeka i-valve okungenani ngamamilimitha angu-150 (amayintshi angu-6) ngaphezu komugqa wezinga lezikhukhula wento ehlinzekwayo. Ukubeka i-valve ngaphezu komphetho wezinga lezikhukhula kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kuvaleka inhlekelele enkulu yokudonsa amanzi, amanzi angcolile anesipele azochichima umcengezi wokucwilisa ekamelweni ngaphambi kokuba acwilise ivalvu yokungena komoya. Uma i-AAV icwiliswa indle eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokulondoloza amanzi, izinhlayiya zemfucuza eqinile zifakwa esihlalweni sangaphakathi sevalvu, sonakalise unomphela uphawu lwe-EPDM futhi kudinge ukushintshwa kwevalvu ngokushesha.

Ukungena komoya osemkhathini kanye nokufinyeleleka¶

Amavalvu okungena komoya kufanele afakwe endaweni okufinyeleleka kuyo evumela ukuhlolwa, ukunakekelwa, nokushintshwa ngaphandle kokudiliza izindonga zesakhiwo. I-IPC Isigaba 918.8 sigunyaza ukuthi ama-AAV azofakwa endaweni evumela ukugeleza komoya mahhala kuvalvu.

Ungalokothi uvale ivalvu yokungena komoya ngaphakathi kwendawo eqinile, engenawo umoya wodonga olomile. Uma i-AAV kufanele ibe phakathi kokujahwa odongeni, faka iphaneli yokufinyelela yensimbi evundlile noma yepulasitiki enesilinganiso okungenani esingamamilimitha angu-200 ngo-200 amamilimitha (amayintshi angu-8 amayintshi angu-8) ngqo phambi kwevalvu. Izimbobo ezivundiwe kufanele zihlinzeke ngendawo engavimbekisiwe yokungenisa umoya yamahhala okungenani engu-0.006 wamamitha-skwele (amayintshi-skwele angu-10) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya wegumbi owanele ungangena kuvalvu ukwanelisa ama-vacuum evolumu ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-AAV akumele afakwe ezindaweni zangaphandle ezingenamibandela noma ezindaweni ezibandayo lapho amazinga okushisa e-ambient ehla ngaphansi kuka-minus 20 degrees Celsius (minus 4 degrees Fahrenheit), ngaphandle uma ivalvu iqinisekiswa ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwe-BS EN 12380 Class A1 ngendwangu eshisayo eshisayo.

Amakhodi okufaka amapayipi ngamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho¶

Amakhodi okufaka amapayipi ayahluka kakhulu ezindaweni zamazwe ngamazwe nezombuso mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe kanye nemikhawulo yokufaka yamavalvu angenisa umoya. Ukuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho wendawo kuyisibopho ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokushintshwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

I-United States: Ikhodi Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngamapayipi (IPC) kanye Nekhodi Efanayo Yokufaka Amapayipi (UPC)¶

E-United States, ukwamukelwa ngekhodi kwamavalvu okungena emoyeni kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamakhodi amabili ayisisekelo. I-International Plumbing Code (IPC) Isigaba 918 kanye Nekhodi Yezindawo Zokuhlala Yamazwe Ngamazwe (IRC) Isigaba P3114 sigunyaza ama-AAV athobela i-ASSE 1051, edinga okungenani isitaki esisodwa esivulekile esinwebeka ophahleni. I-Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), eyasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezimbalwa zasentshonalanga, ngokomlando yayinqatshelwe ama-AAVs emishini, ewavumela kuphela ngaphansi kwe-Appendix E noma ukuhluka okwenziwe kwasendaweni.

I-Canada: Ikhodi Kazwelonke Yase-Canada (NPC)¶

Ngaphansi Kwekhodi Kazwelonke Yase-Canada (NPC): - I-NPC Isigaba 2.5.9 silawula ukufakwa kwamavalvu angenisa umoya, okugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwawo lapho umoya ovamile ophumela ngaphandle ungasebenzi kahle, njengamasinki asesiqhingini sasekhishini noma izithasiselo zangaphansi. - I-NPC igunyaza ukuthi ama-AAV ahambisane namazinga e-CAN/CSA-B1810, aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwamavalvu okusebenza kanye nokuqukatha igesi ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezeqisayo zase-Canada. - Imithetho yaseCanada idinga ngokuqinile ukuthi wonke amasistimu okukhipha amanzi abe okungenani nesitaki esisodwa esivamile esivulekile esingena ophahleni, futhi anqabele ukufakwa kwama-AAV kuma-air plenums, izindawo zosilingi ezingenawo umoya, noma izindawo ezingaphansi kwamaqhwa.

E-United Kingdom: Imibhalo Egunyazwe Imithetho Yezokwakha H¶

E-United Kingdom, amavalvu angena emoyeni alawulwa Imithetho Yezakhiwo Egunyazwe Idokhumenti H Isigaba 1.33. Amavaluvu kufanele ahambisane ne-British Standard BS EN 12380 Class A1, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okungavuzi kusuka ku-minus 20 degrees Celsius kuya ku-60 degrees Celsius. Imithethonqubo yaseBrithani igunyaza ukuthi isitaki esingavezwanga sisebenzisa i-AAV asikwazi ukuba ukuphela kwendawo yokukhipha amanzi, edinga izitaki ezivamile ezivula umoya ekuqaleni komgudu wokukhipha amanzi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Ingabe ukuhogela igesi yendle ephuma kuvalvu yokungena emoyeni ehlulekile kungakugulisa?¶

Yebo, igesi yendle ephefumulayo evuza kuvalvu yokungena komoya enesici idala imiphumela emibi yezempilo kusukela ekuphathweni ikhanda okubuhlungu, isicanucanu, isiyezi, nokucasuka kwamehlo kuya ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kokuphefumula. Into eyinhloko enobuthi egesini yendle i-hydrogen sulfide, ekhubaza imizwa yokuhogela futhi ibangele ukufiphala kwamaselula ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka okungapheli kwezinga eliphansi kumhwamuko wendle oqukethe i-ammonia, i-methane, kanye ne-microbial endotoxins kucasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, kubangele ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, futhi kubangela ukukhathala okungapheli, okudinga ukushaywa umoya ngokushesha nokushintshwa kwamavalvu.

Ngingakwazi ukuhlanza ivalve yokungena emoyeni ehlulekile ngoviniga noma insipho ukuze ngiyilungise?¶

Cha, akufanele nanini uzame ukuhlanza, ukuwasha, noma ukulungisa ivalve yokungena komoya ehlulekile, ngoba ukuhlanza amakhemikhali, uviniga, nokukhuhla ngomshini kwehlisa i-EPDM elastomeric diaphragm futhi kwehluleke ukubuyisela ukunwebeka kwempahla elahlekile. Uma i-AAV isiqala ukuvuza igesi yendle noma ibopha endaweni evaliwe, isivalo senjoloba sangaphakathi sibe ne-oxidation yamakhemikhali engenakulungiseka, ukuwohloka komshini, noma ukugoba phezulu. Amavalvu okungena emoyeni awabizi, alahlwa yimishini yokuphepha okufanele ilahlwe ngokuphelele futhi esikhundleni salokho kufakwe iyunithi entsha sha, eqinisekiswe yifekthri ye-ASSE 1051.

Kungani ikhishi lami licwila njalo uma umshini wokuwasha udonsa amanzi?¶

Usinki wakho wekhishi uyagubha ngesikhathi ukhipha umshini wokuwasha ngenxa yokuthi ivalvu yokungena komoya ekhipha igatsha likasinki inenkinga yokuvaleka noma ingaphansi kakhulu ngokugeleza kwe-hydraulic ashukumisayo. Lapho iphampu yomshini wokuwasha ikhipha ngokushesha amanzi amaningi phansi kombhobho ohlanganyelwe, idala igagasi elinamandla elibi elidonsa umoya ngendlela etholakala kalula. Ngenxa yokuthi i-AAV ebanjiwe ayikwazi ukuvuleka ukuze igcwalise isikhala, ukudonsa kudonsa umoya womkhathi ngokuqondile ngophawu lwamanzi lwekhishi lakho lokucwilisa i-P-trap, kukhiqize imisindo enomsindo omkhulu futhi kukhiphe isicupho somile.

Ivalvu yokungena komoya ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba yehluleke?¶

Ivalvu yokungena komoya yekhwalithi ephezulu egunyazwe ku-ASSE 1051 ngokuvamile isebenza ngokuthembekile iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20, kuye ngekhemikhali yamanzi, ukugxiliswa kwamafutha emoyeni, nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, amavalvu afakwe ngaphansi kosinki basekhishini achayeke emafutheni okupheka aqhubekayo, amafutha afakwe umoya, noma imfucumfucu yokuhlanza amakhemikhali ngokuvamile ehluleka phakathi neminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-7 ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-diaphragm okusheshayo. Osebenza ngamapayipi batusa ukuhlola ama-AAV minyaka yonke kusetshenziswa ibhamuza lensipho noma ukuhlolwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki nokushintsha ama-valve ngokuqhubekayo njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza okungalindelekile kwegesi yendle.

Isitifiketi sosizo lokuqala¶

Ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo zegesi yendle kubandakanya izingozi ezinzima zamakhemikhali, zokuphefumula, nezomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka okunobuthi kwe-hydrogen sulfide, ukuntuleka komoyampilo womkhathi, ukuthungela komhwamuko oqhumayo, nokulimala okushelelayo nokuwa ezindaweni ezimanzi eziyize. Ukuchayeka ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen sulfide kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kungazelelwe (ukushaya phansi) kanye nokuboshwa kokuphefumula okudinga ukwesekwa ngokushesha. Wonke umnikazi wendlu, umninikhaya, kanye nomqondisi wokunakekelwa kwesikhungo kufanele babambe isitifiketi esisebenzayo kusizo lokuqala lwabantu abadala, ukuvuselela i-cardiopulmonary (CPR), nokusebenza kwe-automated external defibrillator (AED). Izifundo eziphuthumayo ezisebenzayo ezihlinzekwa izinhlangano ezifana ne-American Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, noma iziphathimandla zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zesifunda zifundisa amakhono abalulekile ahlanganisa ukulawula ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula kwamakhemikhali, ukukhipha ukususwa kwesiguli okuphephile endaweni eyingozi, ukuletha ukuphefumula kokuhlenga, nokusimamisa abantu abalimele kuze kube yilapho amaqembu ezokwelapha eziphuthumayo efika endaweni yesehlakalo.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE). I-ASSE Standard 1051: Izidingo Zokusebenza Zomuntu Ngamunye Nohlobo Lwegatsha Amavavu Okungena komoya.
• I-International Code Council (ICC). 2024 International Plumbing Code (IPC), Isigaba 918 (Air Admittance Valves).
• I-International Code Council (ICC). 2024 International Residential Code (IRC), Isigaba P3114 (Air Admittance Valves).
• I-International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). 2024 Ikhodi Efanayo Yokufaka Amapayipi (UPC), Isahluko 9: Amapayipi.
• I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Umhlahlandlela Wephakethe Wezingozi Zamakhemikhali: I-Hydrogen Sulfidi.
• Ukulawulwa Kwezokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini (OSHA). I-Hydrogen Sulfide Emkhathini Wendawo Yomsebenzi, Amabhulethini Olwazi Lwezokuphepha Nezempilo.
• I-British Standards Institute (BSI). BS EN 12380: Amavavu Okungena Emoyeni Wezinhlelo Zokudonsa amanzi: Izidingo, Izindlela Zokuhlola kanye Nokuhlola Ukuvumelana.

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