Kasawar Wutar Shigar Jirgin Sama: Leak Gas na Ruwa da P-Trap Siphonage¶

Bawul ɗin shigar da iska (AAVs), waɗanda aka fi sani da sunaye na kasuwanci kamar su Studor vents ko vents na inji, bawul ɗin injina ne masu matse-matsi na hanya ɗaya da aka ƙera don shigar da iska a cikin tsarin magudanar ruwa yayin da suke rufewa da gudu daga iskar gas. Lokacin da na'urar famfo ta fitar da ruwan sharar ruwa zuwa magudanar ruwa, slug ɗin ruwa yana haifar da yankin matsa lamba mara kyau, ko siphon vacuum, a cikin hanyar sadarwa na bututun magudanar ruwa (DWV). AAV tana mayar da martani ga wannan bambance-bambancen matsa lamba, ƙanƙanta kamar debe 0.05 kilopascals (a debe 0.007 fam kowace murabba'in inci), ta ɗaga diaphragm na elastomeric na ciki ko faifan rufewa don shigar da iskar ɗaki a cikin tari. Wannan abincin yana daidaita matsa lamba na bututu na ciki tare da matsa lamba na yanayi, yana kare hatimin ruwa a cikin madaidaicin P-trap daga siphonage na hydraulic.

Lokacin da bawul ɗin shigar da iska ya sami gazawar inji, munanan haɗarin muhalli da lafiya suna tasowa a cikin sararin samaniya. AAVs na injina suna kasawa da farko a cikin hanyoyin aiki guda biyu: kasawa a buɗaɗɗen matsayi ko kasawa a cikin rufaffiyar matsayi. Rashin gazawar buɗewa yana faruwa lokacin da ɓawon ma'adinai, dafa abinci mai iskar gas, ƙasƙantaccen diaphragms na roba, ko tarkace sun hana membrane ɗin rufewa daga zama a gefen bakin bawul. A cikin wannan hali, bawul ɗin yana fitar da iskar gas mai haɗari mai ɗauke da hydrogen sulfide mai guba, mai asphyxiating carbon dioxide, methane mai ƙonewa, da ammonia kai tsaye zuwa wuraren rayuwa.

Akasin haka, rufaffiyar gazawar tana faruwa ne lokacin da kayan aikin injin ciki suka ɗaure, kama, ko manne wa wurin zama na bawul saboda busasshiyar sludge ko gogayya ta jiki. A cikin rufaffiyar gazawar, AAV ba zai iya buɗewa don sauke raƙuman matsa lamba mara kyau da aka haifar lokacin da kayan aiki suka zube. Sakamakon siphon vacuum yana fitar da shingen ruwa mai kariya daga tarkon P-traps ta kusa da siphonage, yana barin tarkon na'urar bushewa gaba daya. Da zarar P-trap ya rasa hatimin ruwa, iskar gas ɗin yana gudana ba tare da iyakancewa ba zuwa cikin gida ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, magudanar ruwa, ko magudanar ruwa, yana haifar da yanayi mara kyau inda mazauna ke jin warin iskar gas amma ba za su iya tantance abin da ya gaza ba.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Fitar da duk mazauna da dabbobi nan da nan daga kowane ɗakin da ke kewaye da ke nuna warin magudanar kwai mai ƙarfi, buɗe tagogi na waje tare da hanyar fita don saurin samun iska.
2. Kashe duk buɗe wuta, fitulun matukin jirgi, da kayan shan taba, guje wa aiki da fitilun wutan lantarki, na'urori, ko masu shayarwa wanda zai iya haifar da baka na lantarki a cikin yanayi mai fashewa.
3. Idan warin magudanar ruwa ya yi tsanani, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom) ko tuntuɓi iskar gas ɗin ku na gida da majallar ruwa na birni daga wuri mai aminci a waje.
4. Cika dukkan tarkunan P-daki ta hanyar zuba lita 1 (galan 0.26) na ruwa mai tsafta a cikin kowane kwatami, shawa, wanka, da magudanar ƙasa don maido da busassun shingen ruwa na ruwa.
5. Nemo bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da ake zargi, yawanci ana ajiye shi a ƙarƙashin kabad ɗin dafa abinci, kayan banza na banɗaki, ko cikin akwatunan kayan aikin wanki.
6. Yi saurin ɗaukar hatimin wucin gadi ta hanyar nannade gabaɗayan murfi mai ɓarna na AAV ɗin da ya gaza tare da babban jakar filastik da aka kulla a kusa da mai hawan bututu tare da igiyar roba mai nauyi ko tayen zip, dakatar da guduwar iskar gas yayin shirya maye.
7. Bude tagar waje ta sakandare kuma aika da abin da ke tabbatar da fashewa ko fanti mai ƙima a waje yana hura waje don ƙyale hydrogen sulfide mai ɗorewa da mahalli masu canzawa daga sararin samaniya.

flowchart TD
    A["An Gano Magudanar Ruwan Ruwan Gas ko Gurgling"] --> B["Mataki 1: Bincika don Ƙunƙarar Ƙashin Ƙashin Ƙashin Ƙashin Ƙunƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa"]
    B --> C{"Shin Ruɓaɓɓen-Kwai Kamshi Yayi Matuƙar Ciki?"}
    C -- "Ee" --> D["Fitar da Wuri da Lambar Gaggawa daga Waje"]
    C -- "A'a" --> E["Mataki na 2: Cika duk P- tarkon da ruwa 1 lita"]
    E --> F["Mataki 3: Gano Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Jirgin Sama"]
    F --> G{"Yi Jakar Bincike ko Gwajin Kumfa akan AAV"}
    G -- "Gas Gudun Gudun Wuta Na Baya" --> H["Gano gazawar Buɗewa: Lalacewar Hatimin EPDM"]
    G -- "Ruwan Gurgle da Tarko Siphon" --> I["Gano gazawar Rufe: Fayil ɗin Valve da aka kama"]
    H --> J["Rufe na wucin gadi tare da Jakar Polyethylene da Tie zip"]
    I --> J
    J --> K["AAV wanda ba a iya zato ba a yi nasara ba akan agogon agogo daga Adafta"]
    K --> L["Bincika Rigar PVC mai Zare da Share tarkace"]
    L --> M["Shigar Sabon ASSE 1051 Certified AAV tare da Teflon Teflon"]
    M --> N["Tabbatar da Tsare Tsaye: Min 100 mm Sama Magudanar Ruwa"]
    N --> O["Gudanar da Gwajin Magudanar Ruwa don Tabbatar da Tafiya Mai Sauƙi da Warin Sifili"]

Anatomy, injiniyoyi, da ma'auni na bawul ɗin shigar da iska¶

Bawul ɗin shigar da iska daidaitattun na'urori ne masu nauyi ko na'urori masu taimakon bazara waɗanda aka ƙera don maye gurbin rijiyoyin buɗaɗɗen iska na gargajiya a cikin takamaiman reshe da aikace-aikacen gyarawa. Fahimtar tsarin tsarin abubuwan ciki yana fayyace dalilin da yasa abubuwan muhalli da lalacewa ta jiki ke haifar da gazawar injin kwatsam.

Bawul ɗin shigar da iska ya ƙunshi gyare-gyaren gidaje masu sinadarai waɗanda aka ƙera daga acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) ko kuma polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tushen gidajen ya haɗa da zaren Bututu Taper (NPT), yawanci a cikin 38-millimita (1.5-inch) ko 50-millimita (2-inch) masu girman bututu, wanda aka ƙera don zare cikin madaidaicin PVC mata ko adaftar tarkon ABS wanda ke manne da bututun tari a tsaye.

A cikin gidan bawul ɗin yana zaune taron hatimi, wanda ya ƙunshi wurin zama na bawul, diski mai rufewa na ciki, da membrane na elastomeric mai sassauƙa. A cikin samfuran kasuwanci masu girma, an ƙera membrane ɗin rufewa daga ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) roba roba ko fluorosilicone elastomer. An zaɓi EPDM don sassauƙanta, juriya ga iskar magudanar ruwa, da kwanciyar hankali na aiki a duk yanayin zafi da ya kama daga 40 digiri Celsius (a debe 40 digiri Fahrenheit) zuwa 65 digiri Celsius (digiri Fahrenheit 149).

Bawul ɗin yana aiki akan bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na yanayi. A ƙarƙashin yanayi tsaka tsaki, nauyi yana riƙe diski ɗin rufewa da membrane EPDM akan wurin zama na bawul, yana hana magudanar ruwa gudu zuwa cikin ɗakin. Lokacin da kayan aikin famfo ke fitar da ruwan sharar gida, ginshiƙin ruwa mai motsi yana haifar da mummunan matsa lamba a cikin bututun iska. Lokacin da wannan mummunan matsa lamba ya kai 0.05 kilopascals (0.007 fam a kowace murabba'in inch), matsa lamba na yanayi yana ɗaga diski daga wurin zama, yana barin iska ta ɗaki ta ruga cikin tarin kuma ta gamsar da injin.

Da zarar magudanar ruwa ya cika kuma matsa lamba na bututu na ciki ya koma daidaitaccen yanayi, nauyi yana jan diski mai rufewa zuwa ƙasa, yana sake rufe murfin EPDM akan kujerar bawul. Idan matsi mai kyau ya faru, kamar hawan magudanar ruwa na birni ko magudanar layin toshewar bututun, matsi mai kyau yana matsa sama zuwa saman diski, yana danna hatimin elastomeric har ma da matsawa kan wurin zama don hana zubar da ruwa ko magudanar iskar gas.

An tabbatar da bawul ɗin shigar da iska ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin gwajin masana'antu: - ** ASSE Standard 1051: *** Gwamnatoci guda ɗaya da nau'ikan nau'ikan iskar gas don tsarin tsaftataccen magudanar ruwa, suna ba da bawuloli zuwa 500,000 ci gaba da zagayowar aiki na buɗewa da gwajin matsa lamba a 3.7 kilopascals (inci 15 na ginshiƙin ruwa) ba tare da yayyo ba. - ** Asalin ASSE 1050: *** Nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gwamnatocin da ake amfani da su don tsarin fiddawa na farko na ginin gabaɗaya. - ** NSF/ANSI Standard 14:** Yana tabbatar da abubuwan da aka gyara tsarin bututun filastik da kayan da ke da alaƙa don amincin bututun ruwa da dacewa da guba. - Standarda'idar Turai TS EN 12380: *** Rarraba AAVs cikin ƙira kamar Class A1, bawuloli masu ba da shaida waɗanda ke iya aiki ƙasa da yanayin sanyi (ƙasa da digiri 20 ma'aunin Celsius / rage Fahrenheit 4) tare da zubar da iskar gas a ƙarƙashin ingantacciyar matsi har zuwa murabba'in murabba'in 10.

Chemistry gas na magudanar ruwa, toxicology, da haɗarin fashewa¶

Gas ɗin magudanar ruwa ba mahaɗin sinadari ɗaya ba ne; hadaddun, cakuɗen iskar gas mai guba, mai sauƙin asphyxiants, da bio-aerosols da aka samar ta hanyar bazuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayan cuta na najasar gida a cikin magudanar ruwa na birni, tankunan ruwa, da ginin bututun magudanar ruwa. Lokacin da bawul ɗin shigar da iska ya gaza buɗewa, waɗannan iskar gas ɗin suna tserewa zuwa wuraren zama, suna gabatar da haɗari masu haɗari na ilimin lissafi da sinadarai.

Hydrogen sulfide (\(H_2S\)) shine mafi hatsarin abu mai guba a cikin iskar gas. An samar da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta masu rage sulfur da ke narkewa a cikin sharar gida, hydrogen sulfide mara launi ne, iskar gas mai guba mai tsananin gaske yana da ƙamshin ƙamshi na ruɓaɓɓen qwai a ƙarancin ƙima. Jijiyoyin ƙamshi na ɗan adam suna gano hydrogen sulfide a ƙididdige ƙima kamar sassa 0.0005 a kowace miliyan (ppm). Duk da haka, a adadin da ya wuce 100 ppm, hydrogen sulfide yana haifar da saurin ciwon jijiyar kamshi, yana kawar da jin warin gaba daya a cikin mintuna da kuma yaudarar mazauna cikin yarda da hadarin ya bace.

Methane ($ CH_4$) yana wakiltar babban abin ƙonewa da asphyxiating na magudanar iskar gas, yawanci ya ƙunshi kashi 50 zuwa 80 na ƙarar tururin magudanar ruwa anaerobic. Methane ba shi da wari, mara launi, ruwa mai sauƙi fiye da iska wanda ke aiki azaman mai asphyxiant mai sauƙi ta hanyar maye gurbin iskar oxygen mai numfashi a cikin wurare da aka kulle. Babban haɗari na methane a cikin gine-ginen gidaje shine wuta da fashewa. Methane yana da Ƙarfin Ƙirar Fashewa (LEL) na kashi 5.0 ta ƙara a cikin iska (50,000 ppm) da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙarfafa Fashewa (UEL) na kashi 15.0 bisa ɗari ta ƙarar cikin iska (150,000 ppm).

Lokacin da bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da ya gaza ya fitar da iskar gas a cikin madaidaicin ƙarami ko ɗakin amfani mara iska, methane yana taruwa kusa da jirgin saman silin. Idan maida hankali ya kai matakin LEL kashi 5 cikin ɗari, duk wani tartsatsin wutar lantarki daga wutan wuta, relay compressor, injin zubar da shara, ko buɗe wuta zai kunna gajimaren tururi nan take, yana haifar da fashewar fashewar da ke iya hura bangon ciki da farfasa tagogi.

Baya ga hydrogen sulfide da methane, iskar gas ɗin ta ƙunshi ammonia (\(NH_3\)), carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa kamar benzene da chloroform, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iska. Barbashi na najasa mai iska yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta na endotoxins da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Escherichia coli da Salmonella, waɗanda ke sauka akan saman shirye-shiryen abinci, buroshin haƙori, da kayan dafa abinci a cikin kabad ɗin gidaje sun gaza.

Yanayin gazawar haraji: gazawar buɗewa tare da rufaffiyar gazawar¶

Gano gaggawar bawul ɗin shigar da iska yana buƙatar fahimtar ko taron injina ya gaza a buɗaɗɗen wuri ko wurin da aka rufe. Kowane yanayin gazawa yana samar da nau'ikan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da alamomin azanci waɗanda ke ba da bayanin hanyoyin warware matsala daban-daban.

Yanayin gazawar buɗewa (ci gaba da bututun iskar gas)¶

A cikin gazawar buɗewa, diaphragm na EPDM na ciki ya kasa yin hatimi akan kujerar bawul lokacin da magudanar ruwa ta daina. Wannan gazawar ta samo asali ne daga ɓoyewar ma'adinai, elastomeric oxidation, ɓacin rai daga kwari, ko mai mai dafa iska mai rufe abubuwan ciki. Man shafawa mai iska da tsabtace tururin sinadarai suna lalata roba EPDM roba sama da shekaru 5 zuwa 15, yana haifar da murfin rufewa don taurin kai, murɗa, ko ɗaure a buɗe.

Rashin gazawar buɗewa yana bayyana azaman mai jurewa, ƙamshin iskar gas mai jujjuyawa wanda aka keɓe kai tsaye a kusa da majalisar ministocin AAV. Ƙanshin yana ƙaruwa lokacin da matsi na barometric na waje ya sauko, ko kuma lokacin da iska ke kadawa a kan rufin yana haifar da matsi mai kyau a cikin babban magudanar ruwa na birni, yana tura tururi ta hanyar buɗaɗɗen bawul zuwa cikin ɗakin.

Yanayin rashin rufaffiyar (kulle ƙura da siphonage na P-trap)¶

A cikin rufaffiyar gazawar, faifan hatimin AAV yana kamawa da kujerar bawul ko ɗaure kan tushen jagorarsa, yana hana bawul ɗin buɗewa ƙarƙashin matsi mara kyau. Wannan yana haifar da kulle-kulle a cikin bututun magudanar ruwa, yana haifar da hayaniya mai tsanani yayin da ake jan iska da ƙarfi ta hanyar P-traps. Tushen tsotsa gaba ɗaya yana fitar da ruwan ruwa da ke tsaye a cikin ɗigon tarko mai lanƙwasa, yana barin P-tarkon bushe da buɗe hanyar kai tsaye don shigar da magudanar ruwa. Ruwan sharar gida yana magudawa a hankali kuma yana ta karuwa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba saboda iskar ƙaura ba zata iya shiga hanyar sadarwa ta bututun ba.

Ka'idojin gwajin gwaji don bawuloli da ake zargi¶

Lokacin da warin magudanar iskar gas ko magudanar ruwa ya faru, yi gwaje-gwajen bincike na yau da kullun don keɓe gazawar zuwa bawul ɗin shigar da iska maimakon fashe bututun magudanar ruwa, kwancen gaɓar zamewa, ko busassun magudanan bene.

Gwajin hauhawar farashin jakar filastik¶

Gwajin mafi sauƙi mara lalacewa don tabbatar da gazawar buɗewa shine gwajin jakar filastik da aka rufe. Sami buhun ajiyar abinci na polyethylene bayyananne, mai nauyi mai nauyin lita 3.8 (gallon 1) ko jakar siyayya mai tsabta. Zame jakar gaba ɗaya a saman murfi na sama na bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da aka shigar, tara wuyan jakar a kusa da mai hawan bututun tsaye a ƙasan bawul ɗin. Ajiye robobin tam zuwa bututu ta amfani da maɗaurin roba mai nauyi, tie zip, ko tef ɗin lantarki don samar da shinge mai hana iska.

A bar jakar a wurin na tsawon awanni biyu zuwa hudu yayin amfani da kayan aikin famfo na gida akai-akai. Idan bawul ɗin shigar da iskar yana aiki yadda ya kamata, jakar za ta kasance gabaɗaya ta lalace, ta yi laushi, ko ɗan tsotse a ciki a gaban bawul ɗin saboda mummunan bugun bugun jini. Idan bawul ɗin ya sami matsala a buɗe, iskar gas ɗin da ke shiga ta wurin kujerar bawul ɗin da ba a rufe ba za ta hura buhun robobi kamar balloon, tare da ɗaure aljihun iskar gas mai ƙamshi a cikin filayen filastik. Da zarar an ga hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, an tabbatar da gano cutar buɗaɗɗen faɗuwar ba tare da buƙatar na'urorin gano iskar gas na musamman ba.

Gwajin gano zubewar sabulun kumfa¶

Don gano ƙananan yatsa a cikin tsofaffin EPDM diaphragm wanda maiyuwa ba zai cika jakar filastik ba, yi amfani da ingantaccen maganin gano kumfa (ko cakuda 10:1 na ruwan dumi da sabulun kwanon ruwa). Shafe murfi na waje da tushe na AAV mai tsabta daga ƙura da gizo-gizo ta hanyar amfani da tsumma.

Yin amfani da ƙaramin soso ko fenti mai tsafta, shafa fim mai karimci na ruwa mai sabulu a cikin ramukan shayar da iska da kuma kusa da babban kabu na gidan bawul. Gudanar da ruwan zafi a cikin madaidaicin ruwa na tsawon daƙiƙa 30, sannan a kashe famfon. Kalli fim ɗin sabulu a hankali: idan kumfa ta girma, faɗaɗa, ko fitowa waje tare da ramukan sha, matsi mai kyau na magudanar ruwa yana wucewa ta diaphragm na ciki, yana tabbatar da wurin zama na bawul.

Busasshen gwajin cika ruwa na P-trap¶

Idan an gano magudanar ruwa a cikin gidan wanka amma AAV da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya bayyana a rufe sosai, ana yawan jawo batun siphonage yana ɓarna kusa da tarkon P-traps. Kayan gyaran gyare-gyaren da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba, kamar shawan wanka na baki, magudanan bene na kasa, ko wanki na taimako, suna rasa hatimin ruwansu na kariya ta hanyar ƙazantar yanayi ko tsotsa daga kayan aikin magudanar ruwa.

Ɗauki ruwa mai tsabta na lita 1 (0.26-gallon) na ruwa mai tsabta kuma a zuba shi a hankali a cikin kowane magudanar ruwa da ke cikin ɗakin, ciki har da tanki, baho, rumfar shawa, da magudanar ƙasa. Ruwan zai cika lanƙwan ƙasa na P-trap, yana haifar da shingen hydrostatic mai iska mai tsayi 50 millimeters zuwa 100 millimeters (2 zuwa 4 inci) mai zurfi wanda ke toshe iskar gas gaba ɗaya. Idan warin magudanar ruwa ya ɓace a cikin mintuna 30 na sake cika tarko kuma baya dawowa har sai wani magudanar ruwa ya fashe, AAV ta sha wahala a rufaffiyar kasawa, tana jan tarkon tarko a bushe yayin hawan magudanar ruwa.

Warewar gaggawa da hanyoyin maye gurbinsu¶

Da zarar an gano bawul ɗin shigar da iska a matsayin mai lahani, dole ne a ware shi nan da nan don kare ingancin iska na cikin gida, sannan a maye gurbinsa da sabon bawul ɗin da aka yarda da shi, daidai gwargwado.

Yarjejeniyar keɓewa ta wucin gadi¶

Idan ba za a iya samun bawul ɗin maye gurbin nan da nan ba, yi warewa na ɗan lokaci don dakatar da kutsawar iskar gas. Kunna duka manyan gidaje na AAV da suka gaza a cikin yadudduka biyu na filastik polyethylene 6-mil ko foil na aluminum. Aminta kudin robobi tam zuwa madaidaicin bututun da ke ƙasa da zaren bawul ta amfani da naɗaɗɗen tef guda uku don dakatar da guduwar iskar gas. A madadin, cire zaren AAV ɗin da ya gaza kuma zare ingantacciyar filogi mai tsabta ta PVC a cikin adaftar mata har sai an shigar da canji.

Hanyar maye gurbin bawul mataki-mataki¶

Maye gurbin bawul ɗin shigar da iska yana buƙatar ƙananan kayan aiki kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi cikin mintuna 15 da zarar ƙwararren bawul ɗin maye yana hannun.

1. Sai Canjin Canja-canje: Sayi bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da aka ƙwallafa zuwa ASSE 1051 (kamar Oatey Sure-Vent ko Studor Mini-Vent). Tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin magudanar ruwa na bawul (DFU) yayi daidai ko ya zarce nauyin na'urorin da yake fitarwa (yawanci 20 DFUs don iskar reshe, 6 zuwa 8 DFUs don gidan wanka ko ɗakin dafa abinci).
2. ** Cire madaidaicin Valve ɗin da bai yi nasara ba:** Ɗauki jikin silinda na tsohuwar AAV da hannu da hannu kuma juya shi a kan agogo. Yawancin bawuloli an daure su da hannu cikin adaftan mata na PVC ko ABS kuma za a buɗe su cikin sauƙi. Idan bawul ɗin ya yi tsayin daka, sanya nau'i-nau'i na makullin tashoshi ko madaidaicin madauri a kusa da ƙananan hex na jikin bawul ɗin kuma juya a hankali, kula da kada a fasa bututun filastik da ke ƙasa.
3. Bincika kuma Tsaftace Adafta: Duba adaftar da aka zare mata wanda ke manne da tarin bututun tsaye. Yi amfani da kyalle mai tsafta ko goga mai laushi na nailan don goge tsohon zaren sealant, datti, da busasshen ma'adinan ma'adinai daga zaren ciki. Duba adaftar filastik don tsagewar layin gashi.
4. ** Aiwatar da Zaren Zare:** Ku nannade zaren NPT na sabon bawul ɗin shigar iska tare da cikakken kuɗaɗɗen tef ɗin hatimin PTFE mai girma mai yawa, ana amfani da tef ɗin agogon agogo zuwa cikin hanyar zaren. A madadin, shafa sirara, har ma da rigar da aka amince da ita wacce ba ta taurare bututun zaren zaren sealant.
5. ** Zare da Hannu-Ƙara Sabon Valve:** Matsa sabon AAV a cikin adaftar mata da hannu, juya agogon hannu har sai zaren ya shiga cikin sauƙi. Matse bawul ɗin da hannu har sai ya zauna da ƙarfi a kan kafadar adaftar, sannan a yi amfani da ƙarin juzu'i ɗaya cikin huɗu ta amfani da madaidaicin maƙallan a kan ƙananan filayen hex. Kar a taɓa rufe zaren robobi, yayin da maƙarƙashiya ke fasa adaftar PVC na mace, yana haifar da ɓoyayyiyar magudanar magudanar ruwa a ƙarƙashin abin da ya dace.
6. ** Tabbatar da daidaitawar Plumb:** Tabbatar da cewa sabon bawul ɗin yana zaune daidai a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye. Bawul ɗin shigar da iska sun dogara da nauyi don wurin zama diski ɗin rufewa na ciki; shigar da AAV a kusurwar da ya wuce digiri 15 daga tsaye na gaskiya yana hana diski na ciki daga zama daidai, yana haifar da zubar da iskar gas nan da nan.

Girman girma, haɓakawa, da buƙatun lissafi na shigarwa¶

Lambobin aikin famfo sun kafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin sararin samaniya da haɓakawa waɗanda ke tafiyar da shigar da bawul ɗin shigar da iska don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da hana gurɓatawa yayin ajiyar magudanar ruwa.

Hawan sama a kwance reshe magudanar ruwa¶

Ƙarƙashin Sashe na IPC 918.4, dole ne a sami bawul ɗin shigar da iska mafi ƙarancin milimita 100 (inci 4) sama da magudanar reshe a kwance ko magudanar ruwa da ake fitarwa. Wannan tsayayyen sharewa yana hana kumfa mai magudanar ruwa da ruwan sharar gida isa ga diaphragm na EPDM na ciki yayin fitar da kayan aiki na yau da kullun.

Inda sarari ya ba da izini a cikin kabad ɗin banza, masu aikin famfo suna ba da shawarar shigar da AAV gwargwadon ƙarfin jiki a ƙarƙashin countertop, da kyau sanya bawul ɗin aƙalla milimita 150 (inci 6) sama da gefen matakin ambaliya na kayan aikin da ake yi. Sanya bawul ɗin sama da bakin matakin ambaliya yana ba da garantin cewa idan babban magudanar ruwan magudanan bala'i ya auku, ruwan dattin da aka goya baya zai mamaye kwandon shara zuwa cikin ɗakin kafin ya iya nutsar da bawul ɗin shigar iska. Idan AAV ya nutsar da ɗanyen najasa yayin ajiyar magudanar ruwa, ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangarorin sharar sun zama a cikin wurin zama na bawul, suna lalata hatimin EPDM har abada kuma suna buƙatar maye gurbin bawul ɗin nan take.

Samun iska da isa ga yanayi¶

Dole ne a shigar da bawul ɗin shigar da iska a wuri mai isa wanda zai ba da damar dubawa, kulawa, da sauyawa ba tare da wargaza katangar ginin ginin ba. Sashe na IPC 918.8 ya ba da umarni cewa za a shigar da AAVs a wurin da ke ba da izinin kwararar iska kyauta a cikin bawul.

Kada a taɓa haɗa bawul ɗin shigar da iska a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ramin bangon bango mara iska mara iska. Idan AAV dole ne ya kasance a cikin tseren bango, shigar da ƙarfe mai ƙyalli ko filastar samun damar filastik mai auna aƙalla milimita 200 da 200 millimeters (inci 8 da inci 8) kai tsaye a gaban bawul. Mabuɗin buɗe ido dole ne su samar da yanki mai isassun da ba tare da toshewa ba na aƙalla murabba'in murabba'in 0.006 (inci murabba'in 10) don tabbatar da isassun iskar ɗaki na iya shigar da bawul ɗin don gamsar da matsananciyar ƙarar ƙararrawa. Bugu da kari, ba dole ba ne a shigar da AAVs a cikin wuraren da ba su da sharadi ko wuraren sanyi inda yanayin yanayi ya ragu ƙasa da digiri 20 ma'aunin celcius (a debe 4 digiri Fahrenheit), sai dai in an ba da bawul ɗin musamman a ƙarƙashin BS EN 12380 Class A1 tare da insulating thermal shroud.

Lambobin aikin famfo na ƙasa da ƙasa da tsarin doka¶

Lambobin aikin famfo sun bambanta sosai a duk faɗin ƙasashen duniya da na jihohi game da halatta amfani da iyakokin shigarwa na bawul ɗin shigar da iska. Yarda da ƙa'idodin gida yana wajaba a lokacin gyare-gyare da maye gurbin gaggawa.

Amurka: Lambobin Bututun Ruwa na Ƙasashen Duniya (IPC) da Lambar Rumbun Ruwa na Uniform (UPC)¶

A cikin Amurka, lambar karɓar bawul ɗin shigar iska an raba tsakanin lambobin ƙirar ƙirar farko guda biyu. Sashe na 918 na International Plumbing Code (IPC) Sashe na 918 da Code of Residential Code (IRC) Sashe na P3114 sun ba da izini ga AAVs da suka bi ASSE 1051, suna buƙatar aƙalla buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen huɗaɗɗen huɗa da ke shimfiɗa ta cikin rufin. Lambar Rubutun Uniform (UPC), wanda aka tilasta shi a cikin jihohin yamma da dama, an haramta AAVs na inji a tarihi, yana ba su izini kawai a ƙarƙashin Karin Bayani E ko bambance-bambancen injiniya na gida.

Kanada: National Plumbing Code of Canada (NPC)¶

Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa na Kanada (NPC): - Sashe na 2.5.9 na NPC yana sarrafa shigar da bawul ɗin shigar da iska, yana ba da izinin amfani da su a wuraren da ba a iya amfani da su ta hanyar rufin rufin da aka saba da shi ba, kamar tsibiran tsibiri na dafa abinci ko ƙari na ƙasa. - NPC ta ba da umarnin cewa AAVs sun dace da ka'idodin CAN/CSA-B1810, waɗanda ke ba da tabbacin aikin bawul ɗin injina da ƙarancin iskar gas a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi na Kanada. - Dokokin Kanada suna buƙatar cewa kowane tsarin magudanar ruwa ya mallaki aƙalla buɗaɗɗen iska ɗaya na al'ada wanda ke shiga cikin rufin, kuma ya hana shigar da AAVs a cikin abubuwan samar da iska, wuraren rufin da ba na iska, ko wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin daskarewa.

Ƙasar Ingila: Dokokin Gina Da Aka Amince da Takardun H¶

A cikin Burtaniya, bawul ɗin shigar da iska ana sarrafa ta ta Dokokin Gina da Takardun da aka Amince da Sashe na 1.33. Bawul ɗin dole ne su dace da Matsayin Biritaniya BS EN 12380 Class A1, yana ba da tabbacin aiki mara lahani daga rage ma'aunin Celsius 20 zuwa digiri 60. Dokokin Biritaniya sun ba da umarni cewa tarin da ba a ƙirƙira ba ta amfani da AAV ba zai iya zama kaɗaitacciyar hanyar sadarwa don magudanar ruwa ba, yana buƙatar tarin buɗaɗɗen iska na al'ada a kan magudanar ruwa.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Shin shakar iskar gas daga bututun shigar da iskar da ta gaza yin rashin lafiya?¶

Ee, iskar iskar iskar iskar shaka da ke fitowa daga gurɓataccen bawul ɗin shigar da iskar yana haifar da illa ga lafiya wanda ya kama daga ciwon kai mai tsanani, tashin zuciya, juwa, da ciwon ido zuwa matsanancin damuwa na numfashi. Babban wakili mai guba a cikin iskar gas shine hydrogen sulfide, wanda ke gurguntar da jijiyoyi masu kamshi kuma yana haifar da asphyxiation na salula a yawan taro. Bugu da kari, na yau da kullun na fallasa ƙananan ƙarancin ruwa ga tururin magudanar ruwa mai ɗauke da ammonia, methane, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na endotoxins suna fusatar da ƙwayoyin mucous, yana haifar da hare-haren fuka, kuma yana haifar da gajiya mai tsanani, yana buƙatar samun iska nan da nan da maye gurbin bawul.

Zan iya tsaftace bawul ɗin shigar iska da ya gaza da vinegar ko sabulu don gyara shi?¶

A'a, kada ku taɓa yin ƙoƙarin tsaftacewa, wankewa, ko gyara bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da ta gaza, saboda tsabtace sinadarai, vinegar, da goge-goge suna lalata elastomeric diaphragm na EPDM mai laushi kuma sun kasa dawo da elasticity na kayan da suka ɓace. Da zarar AAV ya fara zubar da magudanar ruwa ko ɗaure a cikin rufaffiyar wuri, hatimin roba na ciki ya sha wahala da iskar oxygen da ba za a iya jurewa ba, nakasar injina, ko rami na sama. Bawul ɗin shigar da iska ba su da tsada, na'urorin aminci na inji waɗanda dole ne a yi watsi da su gaba ɗaya kuma a maye gurbinsu da sabuwar-sabuwar masana'anta ASSE 1051.

Me yasa kicin dina ke nutsewa a duk lokacin da injin wanki ya zubo?¶

Wankewar kicin ɗin ku yana gurɓata yayin fitar da injin wanki saboda bawul ɗin shigar da iskar da ke fitar da reshen sink ɗin ya sami gazawar rufaffiyar ko kuma ba ta da girma sosai don kwararar ruwa mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da injin wanki yana fitar da ruwa mai yawa cikin sauri zuwa ƙasa da bututun da aka raba, yana haifar da mummunar matsa lamba mai ƙarfi wanda ke jan iska ta hanya mafi sauƙi. Saboda AAV ɗin da aka kama ba zai iya buɗewa don gamsar da injin ba, tsotsa yana jan iska mai iska kai tsaye ta hanyar hatimin ruwa na P-trap ɗin ku na dafa abinci, yana haifar da ƙarar ƙararrawa da bushewa tarkon bushewa.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da bawul ɗin shigar da iska yakan wuce kafin ya gaza?¶

Bawul ɗin shigar da iska mai inganci da aka ba da izini ga ASSE 1051 yawanci yana aiki da dogaro har tsawon shekaru 10 zuwa 20, ya danganta da sinadarai na ruwa, yawan mai mai iska, da kwanciyar hankali na yanayi. Koyaya, bawuloli da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin kwandon dafa abinci da aka fallasa ga ci gaba da mai dafa abinci, man mai mai iska, ko hayakin tsabtace sinadarai sukan yi kasawa a cikin shekaru 5 zuwa 7 saboda saurin lalata diaphragm. Plumbers suna ba da shawarar gwada AAVs kowace shekara ta amfani da kumfa sabulu ko gwajin jakar filastik da kuma maye gurbin bawuloli a hankali kowane shekaru 10 don hana fitar da magudanar ruwa ba zato ba tsammani.

Takaddun taimakon farko¶

Amsa ga gaggawar iskar iskar gas ya haɗa da haɗari masu haɗari na sinadarai, numfashi, da kuma haɗari na jiki, gami da fallasa hydrogen sulfide mai guba, ƙarancin iskar oxygen, fashewar tururi, da raunin zame-da-fadi akan benayen banza. Fitarwa ga yawan adadin hydrogen sulfide na iya haifar da asarar sani kwatsam (kwatsam) da kama numfashi da ke buƙatar tallafin rayuwa nan take. Kowane mai gida, mai gida, da mai kula da kayan aiki yakamata su riƙe takaddun shaida a cikin taimakon gaggawa na manya, farfaɗowar zuciya (CPR), da aikin defibrillator na waje na atomatik (AED). Kwasa-kwasan gaggawa na yau da kullun da ƙungiyoyi ke bayarwa kamar Red Cross ta Amurka, St John Ambulance, ko hukumomin kiwon lafiya na gaggawa na yanki suna koyar da ƙwarewa masu mahimmanci gami da sarrafa matsi na numfashi, aiwatar da amintaccen kawar da majiyyaci daga yanayi mai haɗari, isar da numfashin ceto, da kwantar da hankulan mutanen da suka ji rauni har sai kwararrun likitocin gaggawa sun isa wurin.

An duba tushe¶

• Ƙungiyar Injiniyan Sanitary ta Amurka (ASSE). * Matsayin ASSE 1051: Abubuwan Bukatun Aiki don Bawul ɗin Shigar Jirgin Sama Na Mutum da Nau'in Reshe*.
• Majalisar Code ta Duniya (ICC). 2024 International Plumbing Code (IPC), Sashe na 918 (Air Admittance Valves).
• Majalisar Code ta Duniya (ICC). * 2024 Lambobin zama na kasa da kasa (IRC)*, Sashe P3114 (Bawul ɗin shigar da iska).
• Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Jami'an Buga da Injini (IAPMO). 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), Babi na 9: Vents.
• Cibiyar Tsaro da Lafiya ta Kasa (NIOSH). Jagorancin Aljihu ga Hadarin Sinadarai: Hydrogen Sulfide.
• Gudanar da Tsaro da Lafiyar Ma'aikata (OSHA). Hydrogen Sulfide a cikin Yanayin Aiki, Bayanan Tsaro da Bayanan Lafiya.
• Cibiyar Matsayin Biritaniya (BSI). TS EN 12380 Bawul ɗin shigar da iska don tsarin magudanar ruwa: Abubuwan buƙatu, hanyoyin gwaji da kimanta daidaituwa.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Man Fetur na Ƙasar ƙasa ko Ƙanshin Gas ɗin Kamshi da Dry Floor Drain P-Trap
• Cast Iron Main Drain Stack Vertical Crack da No-Hub Fernco Stabilization
• Bututun Ruwan Ruwan Wuta Mai Daskararru da Iced Over a cikin Polar Vortex
• Rashin Hatimin Ring na Toilet da Ruwan Najasa daga Tushe
• Bleach Gauraye da Ammoniya ko Gishiri mai guba mai guba