Dryer Vent Exhaust Duct An Kashe A cikin bango: Danshi, Zafi, da Mold¶

Wutar bushewar tufafin da aka yanke a cikin tseren bango, kogon rufi, ko rarrafe yana haifar da gaggawar tsari da wuta. Masu busar da tufafin zama suna fitar da tsakanin mita 2.8 zuwa 5.7 a cikin minti daya (ƙafa 100 zuwa 200 a cikin minti ɗaya) na zafi, iska mai ɗanɗano mai ɗauke da filaye masu ƙonewa. A lokacin zagayowar bushewa ɗaya na al'ada, daidaitaccen na'urar bushewa tana vaporize 2 zuwa 4 lita (0.5 zuwa 1.1 galan) na ruwa daga rigar yadudduka. Lokacin da bututun shaye-shaye ya keɓe daga kwalawar bango ko kuma ya rabu a cikin ramin bangon da ke ɓoye, duk wannan ƙarar zafi mai zafi da ƙoshin wuta yana fitowa kai tsaye zuwa tsarin ginin ginin.

Abubuwan da aka ɓoye ɓoyayye suna haɓaka akai-akai a hankali kuma suna ɓoye daga gani har tsawon makonni. Masu gida sukan fara lura da alamun gargaɗin da hankali, kamar ɗakin wanki mai zafi sosai, ƙamshin sabulun wanka da ke kwance a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, ko tufafin da ke buƙatar hawan keke biyu ko uku don bushewa. Bayan busasshen bangon, yanayin zafi a cikin ramin bango yana ƙaru zuwa kashi 100 a cikin mintuna kaɗan na aiki, jiƙan rufin fiberglass, narkar da muryoyin gypsum, da haɓaka ɗanɗanon itace sama da madaidaicin fiber. A lokaci guda, lint ɗin iska yana daidaitawa a kan igiyoyin lantarki, akwatunan mahaɗa, da layukan famfo, yana gina zurfin busasshen mai.

Lokacin da na'urar busar da tufafin iskar gas ta sami katsewar layin shaye-shaye, haɗarin ya ƙaru zuwa hasarar rayuka. Masu busassun iskar gas suna fitar da abubuwa masu haɗari masu haɗari, waɗanda suka haɗa da carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, da iskar mai da ba a kone ba, ta hanyar busar da iska. Bututun da aka katse yana fitar da waɗannan iskar gas masu guba kai tsaye zuwa cikin majalissar ƙasa, rarrafe, da ɓangarorin bango. Waɗannan tururi masu guba suna ƙaura ta cikin akwatunan lantarki, gibin allo, da kuma dawo da bututun HVAC zuwa ɗakunan dakuna da wuraren zama.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Kashe na'urar bushewa nan da nan kuma soke duk wani zagayowar bushewa mai aiki don dakatar da zubar da zafi, danshi, da lint cikin tsarin ginin.
2. Cire haɗin wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar bushewa ta hanyar cire igiya mai nauyin 240-volt mai nauyi daga ma'ajin bango ko kashe keɓaɓɓen na'urar da'ira mai igiya biyu a babban rukunin wutar lantarki.
3. Idan na'urar busarwar iskar gas ce, juya bawul ɗin kashe gas ɗin hannu juyi kwata daidai da bututun isar gas don dakatar da kwararar mai, kuma tabbatar da ƙararrawar carbon monoxide na gida suna aiki yadda yakamata.
4. Idan kuna jin warin gas ɗin mai, kuna zargin haɓakar carbon monoxide, ko gano ƙamshin wuta daga bangon bango, kwashe duk mazauna kuma ku kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Burtaniya) daga wajen ginin, yin magana. lambobin gaggawa.
5. Bincika ɗakin wanki, dakunan da ke kusa, da rarrafe ko ginshiƙan ƙasan na'urar bushewa don ganuwa na ruwa, busasshen bangon bango mai zafi, rufin rufin, ko tserewa iska.
6. Rufe ɗakin da abin ya shafa ta hanyar amfani da zanen filastik kuma kashe tsarin dumama iska na tilas da sanyaya don hana yaɗuwar ƙura da ƙurar ƙura a cikin gidan.
7. Nemo madaidaicin wurin rabuwa tare da bututun ta amfani da hoton zafi, kyamarar borescope, ko isa ga jiki ta wurin rarrafe, ɗaki, ko buɗewar duban bangon bushewa.

flowchart TD
    A["Ana zargin Katse Haɗin Na'urar bushewa"] --> B["Mataki 1: Kashe Na'urar bushewa kuma Cire Haɗin Wuta"]
    B --> C{"Shin iskar Gas ne ko Propane ke yin Dryer?"}
    C -- "Ee" --> D["Kashe Valve Gas na Manual kuma Duba Matakan Carbon Monoxide"]
    C -- "A'a" --> E["Ware Da'irar Wutar Lantarki a Babban Panel"]
    D --> E
    E --> F["Mataki 2: Bincika Hood na waje don kwararar iska da zubar da lint"]
    F --> G{"Ana Gudun Jirgin Sama a Wajen Vent?"}
    G -- "A'a ko Rauni na iska" --> H["Tabbatar da Boyewar Rabuwar Ruwa ko Cikakkiyar Toshewa"]
    G -- "Iska mai ƙarfi" --> I["Duba Tiyo Canjawa Bayan Kayan Aiki"]
    H --> J["Mataki na 3: Nemo Karya ta Kamara ta thermal ko Binciken Sararin Samaniya"]
    J --> K{"Ina Kashe Haɗin Yake?"}
    K -- "Ciki bangon bango" --> L["Buɗe Drywall Access Hatch kuma Kafa Ƙarar Ƙura"]
    K -- "A cikin Crawlspace ko Attic" --> M["Shiga ƙasa tare da PPE da Gaskiya HEPA Vacuum"]
    L --> N["Mataki 4: HEPA Vacuum Lint Deposits da Cire Rigar Insulation"]
    M --> N
    N --> O["Mataki na 5: Sanya Masu Dehumidifiers da Busassun Framing ƙasa da Danshi Kashi 15"]
    O --> P["Mataki na 6: Sake Gina Bututun Karfe da Tef ɗin Foil"]
    P --> Q["Mataki 7: Tabbatar da Gudun Gudun Jirgin Sama da Sake ƙarfafa tsarin"]

Physics na bushewar tufafi shaye da kuma ɓoyayyun ƙeta kuzari¶

Fahimtar yadda na'urar bushewa ke motsa iska yana nuna dalilin da yasa katsewar shayewar da ke ɓoye ke haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri. Na'urar busar da tufafi tana aiki azaman mai ɗaukar zafi mai girma da mai motsa iska. Na'urar tana zana iskar ɗaki, tana dumama shi a kan wani nau'in juriya na lantarki ko ta hanyar harshen wuta zuwa yanayin zafi tsakanin 50 zuwa 75 digiri Celsius (122 zuwa 167 digiri Fahrenheit), kuma yana zana shi ta cikin ganga mai jujjuyawa. Yayin da iska mai zafi ke ratsawa ta cikin tufafi masu ɗanɗano, yana shayar da ruwa, yana mai da shi tururin ruwa mai iska.

Mai busar da busasshiyar fan ɗin yana haifar da ingantacciyar matsi na pneumatic, yana tilasta magudanar iska mai cike da damshi fita ta cikin abin wuyan shayewar na'urar. A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, wannan zafi mai ɗorewa mai ɗanɗano yana motsawa ta cikin santsi mai santsi, rufaffiyar mashigar ƙarfe milimita 102 (inci 4) zuwa murfi na waje yana ƙarewa a wajen gida. Iskar da ke shanyewa tana ɗauke da zaruruwan masana'anta, guntuwar lint, da ragowar sinadarai daga wanki. Lokacin da magudanar shaye-shaye ya cika, saurin rafin iska yana ɗaukar waɗannan ɓangarorin da aka dakatar gaba ɗaya a waje.

Lokacin da haɗin gwiwa ya rabu a cikin wani ɓoyayyiyar rami, yanayin huhu yana canzawa nan take. Ingantacciyar matsi da mai busar da busa fan ta haifar yana fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin bangon bango mara matsi ko rarrafe. Dumi-dumin iska, mai faɗaɗawa yana tarwatsewa ta cikin kogon ingarma, ƙorafin magudanar ruwa, da korar bene, yana neman hanyoyin mafi ƙarancin juriya. Saboda ramukan gini suna kewaye da kayan kamar busasshen bango, jigon fiberglass, da katako mai girma, iska mai zafi mai zafi yana yin sanyi da sauri idan aka tuntuɓar kayan gini mafi sanyi.

Yayin da zafin iskar da ke shayewa ya ragu a ƙasa da raɓansa, wanda yawanci yakan faru tsakanin 35 zuwa 45 digiri Celsius (95 zuwa 113 digiri Fahrenheit) a cikin magudanan shaye-shaye na yau da kullun, tururin ruwan iskar gas ya koma cikin ruwa mai ruwa. Wannan canjin lokaci yana ajiye ruwa mai ruwa kai tsaye zuwa saman katako, shimfidar bene, igiyoyin lantarki, da tsarar tsari. Iyali masu aikin wanki huɗu a ƙarshen mako suna iya fitar da ruwa mai lita 8 zuwa 16 (galan 2.1 zuwa 4.2) na ruwa ba da gangan ba a cikin sassan bangon su. Wannan rigyawar ruwa tana cika kayan gini ba tare da samar da kududdufi guda ɗaya a ɗakin ɗakin wanki ba.

Gano ɓoyayyun cire haɗin gwiwa: kayan aikin bincike da alamomin azanci¶

Gano ɓoyayyiyar cire haɗin busar da buƙatun yana buƙatar haɗa abin lura da na'urorin gano marasa lahani. Saboda bututun shaye-shaye suna ratsa bangon bangon ciki, faɗuwar soffit ɗin dafa abinci, wuraren daɗaɗɗen bene, da wuraren rarrafe masu duhu, suna nuna ƙetare ba tare da rushe manyan wuraren busheshen bangon da aka gama ba yana ceton lokaci. Tsare-tsare matsala yana farawa ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan rashin aiki yayin ayyukan wanki na yau da kullun.

Alamar farko ta aiki na katsewar shaye-shaye shine haɓaka mai girma a cikin tsawon lokacin bushewa. Lokacin da bututun shaye-shaye ya balle cikin wani rami da ke kewaye, matsi na baya yana hawa da sauri yayin da rami ya cika da iska mai matsa lamba. Wannan matsi na baya yana ƙuntata fanka mai hurawa, yana rage yawan iskar da ke wucewa ta cikin gangunan tufafi. Ruwan iska yana sake zagayawa ko rumfa, yana barin yadin da aka dasa bayan daidaitaccen zagayowar mintuna 40. Idan na'urar busar da tawul ɗin da ta bushe a baya a cikin mintuna 45 ba zato ba tsammani tana buƙatar mintuna 90 zuwa 120, ko dai an toshe hanyar shaye-shaye.

Alamun ji suna ba da alamu daban-daban ga gaba ɗaya wurin fashewar. Mazauna sukan bayar da rahoton jin zafi, yanayin zafi a ɗakunan da ke kusa da ɗakin wanki ko kuma a kan hanyar korar bututun. Taɓa saman bangon busasshen ciki na iya bayyana fitattun wurare masu zafi kai tsaye a kan bututun da aka ware. A cikin yanayin sanyi, natsuwa na iya fitowa a kan tagar taga na ciki, firam ɗin madubi na ƙarfe, ko kusurwoyin bango na waje a cikin dakunan kwana. Wani kamshin daɗaɗɗen wankan wanki mai ɗumi da ke ɗorewa a cikin falo, ɗakin kwana, ko rarrafe yana nuna tserewa daga iska.

Kayan aikin bincike marasa lalacewa suna ba da damar bin diddigin haɗin gwiwar da aka yanke. Kyamarar hoto mai zafi ta infrared mai kallon gaba shine ingantaccen kayan aiki don gano ɓoyayyiyar shaye-shaye a bayan bangon bushewa ko filasta. Gudun na'urar bushewa akan zafi mai zafi na mintuna 10 yana haifar da sawun zafi mai ban mamaki tare da guduwar bututun. Kyamara mai zafi tana nuni da ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ruwa da ke fitowa waje daga wurin rabuwa, yana haskaka ainihin inda bututun ya keɓe. Fuskoki masu dumi suna bayyana azaman sa hannu mai launin rawaya da ja akan sanyin bangon shunayya na al'ada.

Haɗarin wuta na ɓoyayyiyar lint¶

Hutun bushewa da aka yanke a cikin bango ko rarrafe yana canza ramin tsarin da aka rufe zuwa wani mummunan tarkon wuta. Tufafin busarwar lint yana kunshe da filayen cellulose da ba a gani ba da aka zubar daga lilin auduga, an haɗe su da filayen polymer na roba da aka samu daga polyester, nailan, da kayan elastane. Wannan matrix fibrous yana da wani keɓantaccen madaidaicin babban yanki-yanki-zuwa taro rabo, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi saurin ƙonewa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ake samu a ginin gida.

Ilimin kimiyyar konewa na bushewar lint yana sa ya zama haɗari a cikin ɓoyayyun wurare. Dryer lint yana da zafin jiki mai sarrafa kansa tsakanin 260 zuwa 315 digiri Celsius (digiri 500 zuwa 600 Fahrenheit), amma yana iya kunnawa daga taƙaitaccen hulɗa da hanyoyin zafi masu aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga tartsatsin wutar lantarki ko fashewar wuta, lint ɗin da ba a kwance yana kunna wuta kusan nan take, yana nuna ƙimar yaɗuwar harshen wuta sama da mita 1.5 a sakan daya (ƙafa 300 a cikin minti ɗaya). A cikin wani kogon bangon da ke kewaye, ƙananan ɓangarorin lint suna daidaitawa a saman saman kwance, suna samar da bargo maras kyau na tinder wanda ke gadar ƙirar tsari da kayan aikin lantarki.

Abubuwan da aka ɓoye na lantarki suna wakiltar mafi yawan tushen kunna wuta don lint. Wuraren bangon mazaunin gida na igiyoyin lantarki masu sheasheed maras ƙarfe, akwatunan mahaɗar filastik, madaidaitan ma'auni, da na'urorin hasken wuta. Wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta da'irori na reshe yana haifar da zafi mai ƙarfi, musamman a cikin da'irar 15-amp da 20-amp masu nauyi. Idan ma'ajin lantarki yana fama da screws na ƙarshe, haɗin da aka haɗa baya, ko ƙaramar harbi, zafin aiki a akwatin mahadar zai iya wuce digiri 100 a ma'aunin Celsius (digiri 212 Fahrenheit). Lokacin da barguna mai ƙonewa ya lulluɓe waɗannan akwatunan lantarki masu dumi, ɗumbin zafin jiki yana hana yaɗuwar zafi na yau da kullun, yana haifar da gurɓataccen zafin jiki da ƙonewa.

Konewa konewa a cikin ramin bango abu ne na ban mamaki saboda yana iya dawwama ba a gano shi ba har tsawon sa'o'i. Yanayin ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin rufaffiyar ingarma yana haifar da lint da ƙirar katako don yin hayaƙi a hankali ba tare da haifar da dogon wuta ko hayaƙi mai ban mamaki ba. Wannan hayaƙi yana haifar da babban adadin carbon monoxide da hydrocarbons masu guba waɗanda ke shiga cikin wuraren rayuwa. Idan mai gida ya yanke bango don yin bincike, ko kuma idan buɗaɗɗen tsari ya ba da damar iska mai kyau ta shiga, ba zato ba tsammani na iskar oxygen yana haifar da walƙiya nan da nan. Hatsarin hayaki ya fashe cikin harshen wuta, yana kunna busassun ingarman itace tare da baza wuta sama ta hanyar bangon tsaye yana bi ta cikin ɗaki cikin mintuna.

Lalacewar danshi na tsari da haɓaka mold¶

Yayin da lint ke haifar da mummunar haɗari na gobara, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarar tururin ruwa yana haifar da lalata tsarin. Kayan gini na gida suna kula da daidaiton danshi tare da sharadi na cikin gida, wanda yawanci ke tsakanin kashi 8 zuwa 12 cikin dari na abun ciki na itace. Lokacin da na'urar bushewa da aka katse tana zubar da lita na ruwa a cikin bangon da aka rufe ko rarrafe kowace rana, yanayin zafi a cikin wannan microclimate ya kasance a ko kusa da kashi 100. Kayayyakin gini suna shanye wannan damshin da zari ta hanyar aikin capillary da tururi.

Fiberglass batt rufi da sako-sako-cike cellulose suna fama da lalacewa nan da nan bayan fallasa sharar bushewa. Fiberglass ba sa ɗaukar ruwa kai tsaye, amma matrix ɗin saƙa mai yawa yana aiki kamar soso na zahiri, yana kama gallon ɗin ruwa mai kauri tsakanin igiyoyin gilashi. Yayin da ruwa ke cika guraben iskar, rufin ya yi hasarar kashi 90 cikin 100 na juriyar yanayin zafi. Rufin da aka jiƙa yana faɗuwa ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyinsa, yana tattarawa cikin jika a ƙasan kogon ingarma. Wannan taro mai cike da ruwa yana riƙe da ɗanshi kai tsaye a kan faranti na ƙasa, sheathing na ƙasan ƙasa, da faranti na tushe na tsawon watanni.

Tsarin katako yana fara ruɓe lokacin da ɗanshi ya ragu. Naman gwari da ke lalata itace, gami da ruɓar launin ruwan kasa, ruɓar fari, da jiƙan nau'in ruɓa, suna buƙatar yanayi uku don mamaye katako na ginin: oxygen, yanayin zafi, da ɗanɗanon itacen da ya wuce kashi 20 cikin ɗari. Hutun bushewa da aka yanke yana ba da kyakkyawan yanayi, yana ba da ɗumi mai ɗorewa da danshi mai dorewa. Fungal hyphae yana shiga tsarin salon salula na Douglas fir, pine, da inginin katako na katako, yana rushe cellulose da lignin. Tumburan tsari sun rasa ƙarfi na matsawa, masu haɗin ƙasa suna jujjuya su, da ƙaƙƙarfan plywood na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da benaye marasa ƙarfi da rashin kwanciyar hankali.

Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta yana farawa a cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48 na gabatarwar danshi. Kwayoyin fungi irin su Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, da Chaetomium suna ko'ina a cikin iska kuma suna mamaye kayan gini masu danshi nan da nan. Idan danshi ya ci gaba da wanzuwa sama da kwanaki bakwai, jinkirin girma nau'ikan gurɓataccen guba, gami da Stachybotrys chartarum, sun kasance a saman saman cellulose mai ɗanɗano. Wadannan gyare-gyaren suna haifar da mycotoxins da ɗimbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da matsanancin damuwa na numfashi, rashin lafiyar jiki, tari mai tsayi, da kumburin sinus na yau da kullum a tsakanin mazauna.

Masu busasshen tufafin gas: carbon monoxide da ka'idar haɗarin konewa¶

Masu busar da iskar gas suna gabatar da mummuna hatsarin sinadari lokacin da busar da iskar shaye-shaye ta rabu cikin tsarin rayuwa. Ba kamar na'urorin busar da wutar lantarki waɗanda ke dogaro kawai da kuɗaɗɗen dumama wutar lantarki ba, busarwar iskar gas tana ƙone iskar gas ko iskar gas mai ruwa don samar da makamashin zafi. Tsarin konewa yana cinye iskar oxygen na cikin gida kuma yana samar da iskar hayaki wanda ya ƙunshi carbon dioxide, tururin ruwa, nitrogen oxides, da carbon monoxide. A cikin shigarwar da ya dace da ka'idar, busar da busar da busar da busar ta yi amfani da manufa guda biyu: huce damshin wanki da ƙãre kayan konewa mai guba a waje da ambulan ginin.

Lokacin da bututun shaye-shaye ya katse, waɗannan iskar gas ɗin suna fitowa kai tsaye zuwa cikin kogon da ake kerawa na ciki. Carbon monoxide ba shi da launi, mara wari, kuma iskar gas mara ɗanɗano tare da nauyin kwayar halitta ɗan sauƙi fiye da iska na yanayi. Yana tarwatsewa cikin yardar rai ta hanyar shigar busasshen bangon bango, ramukan bango, da mashigin rufi. Shakar carbon monoxide yana ɗaure haemoglobin na jini tare da kusanci kusan sau 200 fiye da oxygen, yana samar da carboxyhemoglobin. This chemical bond starves brain tissue of oxygen, leading to cellular hypoxia, irreversible neurological damage, and death.

Alamun farko na guba na carbon monoxide suna kwaikwayi cututtuka na gama gari, yin ganowa kawai akan ji na jiki mai haɗari. Mazaunan da aka fallasa zuwa ƙananan ƙididdiga yawanci suna fuskantar ciwon kai na gaba, dizziness, gajiya, tashin zuciya, ƙarancin numfashi, da damuwa na gani. Yayin da adadin carbon monoxide ke hawa, wadanda abin ya shafa suna fama da rudani, raunin mota, asarar sani, arrhythmias na zuciya, da kama numfashi. Mutanen da ke barci za su iya mutuwa ga gubar carbon monoxide ba tare da farkawa ba.

Dole ne ƙa'idodin amincin rayuwa na gaggawa su ɗauki fifiko kan adana kadarori lokacin da ake zargin cire haɗin na'urar busar da iskar gas. Kowane na'urorin gas da ke aiki a gida dole ne su kula da ƙararrawar carbon monoxide mai goyon bayan baturi da aka sanya a wajen kowane wurin barci da kuma kowane matakin mazaunin. Idan ƙararrawa ta yi ƙara, ko kuma idan mazauna wurin sun sami alamun ciwon kai da tashin hankali mara bayani a lokacin da ake wanki, dole ne a kwashe gida nan da nan.

Kar a tsaya don buɗe tagogi, kashe fitilun wuta, ko ɗauko kayan sirri idan an gano hayaƙin gas ko carbon monoxide. Maɓallan wutar lantarki, ƙararrawar ƙofa, da wayoyin hannu na iya samar da ƙananan baka na lantarki waɗanda za su iya kunna aljihunan gas ɗin mai. Fitar da duk mutane da dabbobin gida zuwa waje na waje da ginin. Da zarar a waje lafiya, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin Burtaniya) kuma sanar da kamfanin mai amfani da iskar gas don aika masu ba da agajin gaggawa sanye take da mitocin gas na yanayi.

Alamun ganowa a cikin wuraren gine-gine¶

Wurin da aka cire na busar da busar da iska yana nuna sa hannun ganowa da yanayin lalacewar jiki. Hanyar gidaje suna fitar da bututun ta hanyar sassa daban-daban na gine-gine dangane da ko wurin wanki yana kan bene na sama, tulun ƙasa, ko sama da rarrafe. Gano takamaiman yanayin gazawar yana buƙatar fahimtar yadda zafi, danshi, da lint ke aiki a cikin kowane taron gini na musamman.

Ganuwar ɓangarorin ciki suna ɓoye ƙorafin bututu na tsaye da kwance yana gudana tsakanin ingarma na katako. Lokacin da haɗin gwiwa ya rabu a cikin bangon bango a tsaye, shaye-shaye mai ɗumi yana tashi ta hanyar buoyancy na halitta, yana cika ɓangaren saman bangon. Danshi yana taruwa tare da kasan farantin saman bango, yana yin ƙaura zuwa cikin busasshen bangon rufi. Lint yana taruwa akan shingen wuta na itace a kwance da rigunan wayoyi na lantarki. Alamun waje sun haɗa da busasshen bangon bango, bawon fenti na gindin ƙasa, da saman busasshiyar bangon bango mai zafi ana iya ganowa ta hanyar taɓawa.

Wuraren haɗin ginin bene suna ba da ƙofofin ɓoye a kwance waɗanda ke iya rarraba iskar da ke shakewa a faɗuwar bene. A cikin gidaje benaye biyu inda wuraren wanki suke a saman bene, magudanan shaye-shaye akai-akai suna tafiya a kwance tsakanin mazugi na bene kafin su ƙare a madaidaicin ƙafar ƙafar waje. Idan gwiwar hannu ta ja sako-sako a cikin wannan sarari, iskar shaye-shaye na cika matsuguni masu yawa. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana ɗaukar danshi, yana haifar da ƙaƙƙarfan shimfidar katako a sama zuwa dunƙule, kofi, da ƙara da ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin ƙafa. Tsakanin bangon bangon da ke ƙasa yana haɓaka tabo na ruwa, tabo mai laushi, da wuraren zama masu madauwari da ke kewaye da fitilun rufin da ba a kwance ba.

Wuraren rarrafe da ba a buɗe ba suna haifar da tafkunan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa lokacin da bututun shaye-shaye ya yanke haɗin ƙasan bene. A cikin filaye masu rarrafe, zazzagewar iska na waje na iya tsoma danshi a cikin watanni masu zafi na bazara, amma a cikin yanayin sanyi, iska mai danshi yana takushe da sauri a kan bangon siminti mai sanyi da katakon ƙasa. A cikin lulluɓe, wuraren rarrafe marasa ƙirƙira, shaye-shayen bushewa da aka cire cikin sauri ya mamaye masu rarrafe sararin samaniya, yana mai da sararin da aka rufe ya zama wuri mai dumi, ɗanɗano. Fadowa batts ɗin rufin fiberglass, kududdufai da ke tsaye a kan shingen shingen tururi, da ƙamshin ƙamshin da ke shiga ta rajistar bene na nuna wannan gazawar.

Gudun bututun ɗaki ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gidaje masu ɗaki guda ɗaya inda bututun shaye-shaye ke tsallaka a tsaye ta cikin silin kuma ya ratsa sararin soron da ba shi da ƙayatarwa zuwa hular rufin ko hushi. Cire haɗin ɗaki yana fitar da tururi kai tsaye zuwa cikin ambulan ɗaki, yana yin kwaikwayi alamomin yayan rufin ko ruwan sama na hunturu. Kauri yadudduka na fari da launin toka lint coat rufin rufi, kama roba dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin yanayin sanyi na sanyi, danshi yana daskarewa a ƙasan rufin plywood kamar sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, wanda daga baya ya narke a lokacin dumin rana, yana zuba ruwa a kan rufin rufi a duk ɗakunan falo.

Keɓewar gaggawa mataki mataki-mataki da ƙunshewar rami¶

Gyara bututun bushewa da aka cire yana buƙatar ƙulla tsari don kare gida daga gurɓataccen abu na biyu. Guguwar rugujewar bangon busasshiyar da ta lalace ko ja da bututun ruwa ba tare da ƙullewa ba yana rarraba miliyoyin ɗimbin ƙura da ƙurar ƙura a ko'ina cikin gidan. Ƙaddamar da ingantattun kulawar injiniya yana tabbatar da cewa haɗari sun kasance a tsare zuwa yankin gyara nan take.

Fara ta hanyar keɓe da'irori na lantarki waɗanda ke ba da kayan wanki da duk wani tangarɗa na haske ko dacewa da ke tsakanin bangon da abin ya shafa. Kashe na'urorin da suka dace a babban rukunin rarrabawa. Kulle ƙofar panel ko sanya tef ɗin faɗakarwar gani mai girma a fadin hannaye masu karya don hana sake samun kuzari daga wasu mazauna cikin bazata. Dole ne a rufe bawul ɗin keɓance mai da busarwar gas ɗin su, kuma an cire igiyar kayan daga bango. Tabbatar da cewa an yanke duk wutar lantarki ta na'urar ta amfani da na'urar gwajin wutar lantarki mai ƙima kafin a taɓa abubuwan ƙarfe.

Ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙura da shinge don ware yankin aikin gyara daga wuraren zama na kusa. Rufe ƙofofin da ke kaiwa cikin ɗakin wanki ta amfani da zanen polyethylene mai nauyi 6-mil mai nauyi wanda aka ɗora amintacce a kusa da ƙofofin ƙofa tare da tef mai aminci. Don manyan wurare ko shigarwar hallway, shigar da ƙofar shingen ƙura mai zik ɗin kasuwanci don ba da damar shiga cikin aminci da fita ba tare da sakin ƙurar iska ba. Rufe ɗakin wanki HVAC wadata da dawo da grilles tare da fim ɗin filastik da murfi na maganadisu don hana tsarin sarrafa iska na tsakiya daga zazzage ƙurar ƙura a ko'ina cikin mazaunin.

Saita matsananciyar iska mara kyau a cikin shingen ƙulli a duk lokacin da girmar mold ko ƙazantar lint ya kasance. Mai goge iska na masana'antu sanye take da tacewa mataki uku, yana ƙarewa a cikin ƙwararriyar tacewa mai inganci mai ƙarfi (HEPA), tana zana iska mai ɗaki, tana ɗaukar kashi 99.97 na barbashi ƙasa zuwa 0.3 microns, kuma yana fitar da tsaftataccen iska a waje ta cikin kayan aikin taga na wucin gadi. Ta ci gaba da gajiyar iska a waje, ɗakin yana riƙe ɗan ƙaramin matsi mara kyau dangane da sauran gidan, yana tabbatar da cewa duk wani ɗigon iska yana motsawa a ciki maimakon tura gurɓatacce zuwa wuraren zama mai tsabta.

Don kayan kariya na sirri kafin buɗe ɓoyayyun ramukan ko sarrafa gurɓataccen rufi. Sanya na'urar da ta dace da N95 ko P100 rabin abin rufe fuska na numfashi na elastomeric don tace gurɓataccen iska, mycotoxins, da ɓangarorin lint masu kyau. Kare idanunku da tabarau na fantsama sinadarai marasa ƙirƙira don hana haushi daga zaruruwan iska. Saka nitrile mai nauyi ko safar hannu na aiki don kare hannaye daga gefuna masu kaifi, ƙusoshi masu tsatsa, da gurɓataccen yanayi. Don shigar da sararin samaniya ko ɗimbin gyaran gyare-gyare, saka murfin polypropylene da za'a iya zubarwa tare da hadedde hula da murfin taya.

Amintaccen cirewar lint da ƙazantar kogo¶

Da zarar abun ciki ya kasance yana aiki kuma an ba da kayan aikin kariya na sirri, cire lint da aka tara daga ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ƙofofin ƙira shine babban fifiko. Ba za a taɓa yin amfani da madaidaitan injin tsabtace gida ko busassun busassun busassun wuraren bita don wannan aiki ba. Nagartaccen matattarar shaye-shaye na al'ada suna ba da damar ƙananan lint microfibers da ƙananan ƙumburi don wucewa kai tsaye ta cikin hanyoyin tacewa, suna hura ma'aunin gizagizai na ƙura mai shaƙatawa cikin ɗakin. Busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun kanti suna haifar da cajin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya kunna wuta da kunna wuta a cikin ganga mai tarin ruwa.

Yi amfani da injin tsabtace injin masana'antu wanda aka ba da takardar shedar don saduwa da ma'aunin HEPA na gaskiya, yana nuna ƙirar gwangwani mai hatimi wanda ke tabbatar da duk iska ta ratsa ta tace HEPA kafin gajiya. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan hoses tare da filayen carbon anti-a tsaye suna kawar da tsayayyen ginin lantarki yayin hakar lint. Daidaita injin tare da bututun bututun ruwa mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi don isa cikin ɓangarorin ƙullun bango tsakanin ingarma da kewayen wayoyi na lantarki ba tare da huda kebul ba.

Yi aiki da tsari daga saman kogon bango zuwa ƙasa, bin daidaitattun ƙa'idodin ƙazanta. A hankali cire bargo maras kyau da ke manne a gefen ginshiƙan katako na tsaye, igiyoyin lantarki marasa kwasfa, bututun famfo, da akwatunan haɗin ƙarfe. Guji zage-zage mai tsauri akan wayoyi na lantarki don hana lalata tsofaffi, rufin waya mai karye. Idan lint ya taru a kusa da na'urorin hasken wutar lantarki ko akwatunan mahaɗar rufi, share tare da tausasawa, tabbatar da cewa babu sauran lint ɗin da ya rage cikin matsugunan gidaje.

Lokacin tsaftace wuraren rarrafe a kwance ko ramukan mahaɗar ƙasa, cire lint adibas da ke zaune a saman membran tururi na ƙasa, bututun magudanar ruwa, da sills na tushe. Ya kamata a naɗe tabarmi masu kauri da hannu a hankali yayin sanye da safar hannu, a ɓata da ruwa mai tsafta daga kwalaben fesa don murkushe samar da fiber ɗin iska, kuma a sanya shi kai tsaye cikin jakunkuna masu ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyin mil 3. Kada a taɓa girgiza ko tada busassun tabarmi, yayin da motsi mai ƙarfi yana kawar da dubunnan zaruruwan zaruruwa masu shaƙatawa da ɓarna na fungal.

Bi da fayyace tsarin da aka fallasa tare da mai rijistar EPA mai faffadan maganin ƙwayoyin cuta bayan cire duk tarin lint da ake iya gani. Zaɓi ammonium kwata-kwata ko maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na tushen thymol wanda aka yiwa lakabin don gyaran gyare-gyaren tsari. Kada a yi amfani da bleach chlorine na gida akan ƙirar itace. Bleach Chlorine ya ƙunshi ruwa kusan kashi 90 cikin ɗari, kuma ƙwayoyin chlorine ɗin sa ba za su iya shiga cikin sigar wayar salular itace ba. Chlorine yana ƙafe da sauri zuwa cikin iska, yana barin ruwa a baya a cikin itace, wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaban fungal.

Cikakken kogon bango da ka'idojin bushewar ƙasa¶

Cire kayan jika da fitar da lint yana fallasa damin kwarangwal na ginin. Tsarin tsari da sauran kayan gini dole ne a bushe da sauri don dakatar da lalata fungal da kuma hana barkewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu. Aiwatar da zafi kaɗai ba tare da cire danshi ba zai canza ɗakin da ke kewaye a cikin incubator mai zafi mai zafi, yana haɓaka yaduwar ƙura. Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙa'idodin bushewa na ƙwararru don cimma amintattun matakan danshi.

Cikakken fiberglass batt insulation ba za a iya ceto ba kuma dole ne a cire shi kuma a jefar da shi nan da nan. Gilashin fiberglass jika na dindindin suna rasa resins ɗin su na ɗaure, suna raguwa ba tare da juyewa ba, kuma suna riƙe ruwa a kan yin ƙira na tsawon watanni idan an bar su a rufe. Yanke bangon busasshen rigar har zuwa layin kwance mai tsafta aƙalla 450 zuwa 600 millimeters (inci 18 zuwa 24) sama da mafi girman alamar ruwa da ake iya gani ko ƙarancin zafi. Yi amfani da wuka mai amfani ko saitin kayan aiki da yawa mai motsi zuwa zurfin zurfi don guje wa yanke ɓoyayyun wayoyi na lantarki ko layukan bututun ruwa da ke gudana ta cikin cibiyoyin ingarma. Jaka busasshen bangon bango da rufi kai tsaye cikin buhunan kwangila a cikin shingen ƙulli.

Sanya na'urar sanyaya mai ƙarancin hatsi na masana'antu (LGR) a cikin shingen gyarawa. An ƙera na'urori na LGR don ci gaba da fitar da tururin ruwa daga cikin iska mai zafi ko da lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu ƙasa da kashi 40, yana rage raɓa na cikin gida zuwa matakan da ke fitar da danshi mai zurfi daga cikin katako mai kauri. Saita na'urar cire humidifier don ci gaba da gudana, tana mai da bututun magudanar ruwa zuwa wurin aikin famfo na kusa ko kwano mai tarin yawa. Manufar mahallin mahallin shine don kula da yanayin zafi tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 40 cikin ɗari a duk tsawon lokacin bushewa.

Sanya masu motsi na iska mai tsayi mai tsayi don yaɗa busasshiyar iska a kan katako mai dasshi. Masu motsa iska suna kawar da bakin bakin iyaka na cikakken iskar da ke zaune a saman itacen rigar, tare da maye gurbinsa da busasshiyar iska daga na'urar cire humidifier. Angle iska yana motsawa a kusan digiri 45 zuwa bangon bangon da aka fallasa don kafa tsarin iska mai vortex a kewayen dakin. A cikin wuraren rarrafe, ɗaga masu motsin iska akan tubalan katako ko rataye su amintacce daga maƙarƙashiya don hana tuntuɓar ruwan tsaye ko ƙasa mai ɗanɗano. Tabbatar cewa masu motsin iska suna kunna su ne kawai bayan an cire ci gaban kyallen da ake iya gani da sako-sako da lint, yana hana aerosolization na spores.

Kula da ci gaban bushewar tsarin ta amfani da nau'in fil mai ƙima ko mitar danshi na itace mara ƙima. Auna abun ciki na danshi a wuraren da abin ya shafa, faranti na ƙasa, da sheathing na ƙasa a kowane awa 24, yin rikodin karatu a cikin gunkin bushewa. Ɗauki kwatancen karatun asali daga ƙirar da ba ta shafa ba a cikin bushe, ɗaki mai nisa na gida. Abubuwan damshin itace na al'ada na yau da kullun ya bambanta daga kashi 8 zuwa 12 a cikin sharadi na ciki.

Dole ne a ci gaba da ayyukan bushewa ba tare da katsewa ba har sai abun da ke ciki a cikin dukkan membobin tsarin ya ragu ƙasa da kashi 15, tare da manufa mafi kyau na kashi 12 cikin ɗari. Kada ku yi gaggawar sake shigar da rufi ko rufe bango tare da sabon busasshen bango yayin da ake tsara karatun danshi ya wuce kashi 16. Tarko ragowar danshi a bayan sabbin shingen tururi ko busasshen bango zai haifar da sabunta haɓakar fungal, wanda ke haifar da ɓoyayyiyar ƙorafi da rushewar mai maimaituwa.

Ma'auni na ginin gini don tsarin shayewar bushewa¶

Sake gina tsarin shaye-shaye na bushewa da aka yanke yana buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin injina na zamani. A cikin Amurka da Kanada, Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasashen Duniya (Sashe na IRC M1502) da Code of Mechanical Code (IMC Sashe na 504) sun kafa ƙa'idodin aminci na rayuwa da ke tafiyar da aikin bushewar tufafi. Waɗannan lambobin ba shawarwari ba ne na sabani; suna wakiltar mahimman umarnin aikin injiniya waɗanda aka tsara don hana tsarin gobarar lint da gubar carbon monoxide.

Bukatar lambar tushe ta tanadi cewa dole ne a gina na'urorin bushewar bushewa da ƙaƙƙarfan magudanar ruwa masu ɗauke da santsin saman ciki. Filayen filastik masu sassauƙa, hoses na vinyl karkace, da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan foil na accordion a sarari an hana su a cikin ɓoyayyun wurare, gami da bangon ciki, kogon rufi, ɗakuna, da wuraren rarrafe. Vinyl mai sassauƙa da ducts na foil suna ba da gagarumar gogayya ta ciki, suna tattara lint a cikin raƙuman su, kuma suna da juriyar wuta. Idan gobarar da ta tashi ta kunna a cikin bututu mai sassauƙa a cikin bango, ɗan ƙaramin foil ɗin yana ƙonewa cikin ƙasa da mintuna biyu, yana fitar da harshen wuta kai tsaye zuwa ƙirar bango.

Diamita na ƙugiya dole ne ya auna mafi ƙarancin milimita 102 (inci 4) a duk tsawon lokacin gudu, wanda ya yi daidai da girman ƙima na kwalawar shayewar kayan aiki. Kada a taɓa rage magudanan ruwa a diamita a kowane wuri a kan hanyarsu. Sheet karfen kauri don m karfe ducting dole ne ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta na 0.4 millimeters (0.0157 inci), wanda yayi daidai da 28-ma'auni ko 30-ma'auni galvanized karfe ko code-compliant aluminum bututu. Dole ne haɗin haɗin gwiwa ya karkata zuwa hanyar fitar da iskar shaye-shaye, ma'ana ƙuƙuman ƙarshen namiji na kowane ɓangaren bututu dole ne ya nuna ƙasa zuwa ƙarshen waje.

Dokokin saka kayan inji suna da mahimmanci don hana toshewar lint. Lambobin gini a sarari sun haramta yin amfani da sukurori na ƙarfe, rivets, ko wasu abubuwan ɗaure waɗanda ke kutsawa cikin magudanar iska ta cikin bututun. Sukullun da ke fitowa ta bangon bututu suna aiki azaman ƙugiya na zahiri waɗanda ke kama zaruruwan lint. A cikin watanni da yawa, snag guda ɗaya na iya girma zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan filogi mai ƙarfi na lint wanda gaba ɗaya ya toshe shayewar iska, yana haifar da ɗumamar na'urar ko kuma cire haɗin gwiwa. Dole ne a haɗa sassan ƙugiya ta amfani da lambar da aka amince da maƙallan inji ko a hatimi tare da tef ɗin foil na aluminium da aka jera.

Matsakaicin adadin da aka yarda da shi na busar busar tufa yana da iyakancewa ta lamba. Ƙarƙashin 2024 IRC, matsakaicin tsayin da aka haɓaka na bututun shaye-shaye kada ya wuce mita 10.7 (ƙafa 35) da aka auna daga haɗin kayan aiki zuwa hular ƙarewa ta waje. Lokacin da shimfidar bututun ya haɗa da kayan aiki na jagora, dole ne a cire cirewa daga wannan tushe mai tsawon mita 10.7 don yin lissafin gogayyawar iska. Don daidaitaccen ducting 102-millimita (4-inch), cire mita 0.76 (ƙafa 2.5) ga kowane gwiwar hannu mai digiri 45, da mita 1.5 (ƙafa 5) na kowane tsayin tsayin digiri 90. Idan duct gudu yana buƙatar madaidaicin digiri 90, matsakaicin tsayin bututu na zahiri da aka yarda shine mita 10.7 a debe mita 4.5, yana barin matsakaicin madaidaiciyar gudu na mita 6.2 (ƙafa 20.3).

Murfin ƙarewar waje dole ne ya haɗu da tsauraran matakan tsaro. Dole ne magudanan da ke fitarwa su ƙare a waje da ambulan ginin kuma kada su taɓa fitowa cikin ɗaki, rarrafe, gareji, soffit, ko bututun hayaƙi. Dole ne a sanye da murfin murfi mai aiki, mai nauyi mai nauyi wanda ke buɗewa da yardar rai yayin aikin bushewa kuma yana rufe lokacin da na'urar ta tsaya, yana hana shigowar kwari da sanyin baya. An hana allo, ragar waya, ko tarkace a duk faɗin buɗewar ƙarshen waje. Shigar da allo akan na'urar busar da iskar busassun tarko da ke kan raga, yana shake shaye-shaye a cikin makonni.

Sake gina bututun mataki-mataki da sake haɗawa na inji¶

Sake gina bututun bushewa wanda ya yanke ko ya gaza yana buƙatar kayan aiki masu daraja da ingantattun dabarun haɗa kayan inji. Kar a yi ƙoƙarin yin facin bututun da aka cire ta hanyar kawai tura mahaɗin da aka raba baya tare ko kunsa tef ɗin bututun kyalle mai launin toka a kusa da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar. Daidaitaccen tef ɗin kyalle yana bushewa, yana rasa mannewa daga damuwa mai zafi na cyclic, kuma ya kasa cikin watanni. Bi waɗannan matakan don gina madaidaicin shigarwa mai dacewa da lambar.

Fara ta hanyar cire duk wani nau'in vinyl mai sassauƙa ko ɗigon foil na bakin ciki wanda ke cikin bango, sararin maɗaukaki, ko rarrafe. Auna madaidaicin nisa daga akwatin haɗin bangon wanki zuwa murfin bangon waje na waje, lissafin mahimmin tashi a tsaye da rarrabuwa a kwance. Sayi m 102-millimita (4-inch) karye-kulle galvanized karfe ko aluminum duct bututu, daidaitacce 90-digiri santsi-juya gwiwar hannu, bakin karfe tsutsa-gear tiyo clamps, da kuma yi na UL 181A-P ko UL 181B-FX da aka jera aluminum tsare tef. Tabbatar cewa duk wani sassauƙan bututun miƙa mulki da ke haɗa na'urar zuwa kwalaben bango ƙwararriyar samfurin aluminum ce mai ƙarfi wanda bai wuce mita 2.4 (ƙafa 8 ba).

Haɗa ɗigon tsayin tsayin bututun akan tsaftataccen wuri mai faɗi. Tabbatar cewa kullin kulle-kulle ya danna gabaɗaya zuwa wurin tare da tsayinsa duka, yana ƙirƙirar madaidaiciyar silinda mai tsauri. Lokacin harhada tsayin bututu da yawa, koyaushe saka crimped namiji ƙarshen bututu na sama a cikin santsin abin wuya mata na bututun ƙasa, yana nuni zuwa hanyar iskar. Wannan fuskantarwa yana tabbatar da cewa kabu na ciki yana da santsi a cikin hanyar motsin iska, yana hana tumbling lint fibers daga kamawa a gefuna na bututu.

Rufe kowane haɗin gwiwa mai dawafi da kabu mai tsayi tare da tef ɗin foil na aluminium mai jera UL. Kafin yin amfani da tef ɗin, shafa duk saman saman da ke jikin takarda tare da shafa barasa ko na'urar wankewa don cire fina-finai mai kariya da ke hana mannewar tef. Kunna tef ɗin aluminium tam a kusa da haɗin gwiwa, tare da mamaye ƙarshen tef da aƙalla milimita 50 (inci 2). A daure ka kona tef din akan karfe ta amfani da mashin filastik ko bayan hannunka don kunna mannen acrylic mai matsi. Don mahaɗin da ke fuskantar tashin hankali na inji, amintaccen haɗin tare da manne bakin ƙarfe na bakin karfe 102-millimita (4-inch) na waje wanda aka matsa akan haɗin da aka buga.

Goyon bayan bututun kwance yana gudana amintacce don hana sagging, tsomawa, ko tarko na ciki inda ruwa da lint zasu iya taruwa. A cikin guraben rarrafe da matsugunan silin, shigar da madaurin rataye na ƙarfe na galvanized ko madaidaicin bututu mai nauyi a tazara wanda bai wuce mita 1.2 zuwa 1.8 (ƙafa 4 zuwa 6 ba). Pitch a kwance bututu yana gudana kaɗan zuwa ƙasa zuwa murfi na waje a gangaren kusan milimita 6 a cikin milimita 300 (0.25 inch kowace ƙafa). Wannan gangare mai da hankali yana ba da damar duk wani ɗigon ruwa da ke fitowa a cikin bututun yayin matsanancin yanayin sanyi don magudanawa ta zahiri ta hanyar iska ta waje maimakon haɗawa cikin ginin.

Rufe duk wani yanki na magudanar bututun shaye-shaye wanda ke ratsa wuraren da ba su da sharadi, gami da wuraren rarrafe maras zafi, ginshiƙan ƙasa marasa sharadi, da ɗakuna masu sanyi. Lokacin da zafi, iska mai zafi ya ratsa ta cikin bututun ƙarfe mai sanyi wanda ba a rufe shi ba, bangon bututun yana aiki azaman faranti, yana samar da kofuna na ruwa a kowane zagaye wanda ke jujjuya cikin ciki zuwa sludge. Rufe duk tsawon aikin bututun da ba shi da sharadi tare da R-4 ko R-6 mai fuskar bangon bangon bangon bango. Rufe duk ginshiƙan rufi da mahaɗin gindi tare da madaidaicin tef don ƙirƙirar shingen tururi mai ci gaba da kewaye da bututu.

Bincika kuma amintaccen abin wuyan ƙarewar bango na waje. Tabbatar cewa ƙaƙƙarfan bututun ya shimfiɗa gaba ɗaya ta bangon bangon waje kuma ya haɗa ta amintaccen kwalawar murfi na waje. Rufe tazarar waje tsakanin bututun ƙarfe na takarda da bangon bangon waje ta amfani da babban matakin polyurethane ko siliki na waje don hana ruwan sama, iska, da kutsawa rodents. Tabbatar da cewa na waje damper flapper yana jujjuyawa cikin yardar kaina ba tare da ɗaurewa da mahalli ba.

Takamaiman gyaran crawlspace da sarrafa danshi¶

Bututun bushewa da aka cire waɗanda ke cikin guraben rarrafe suna ba da ƙalubalen ƙalubalen tsari na musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar dabarun sabuntawa na musamman. Wuraren rarrafe wurare ne da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ke da ƙayyadaddun ɗaki mai dausayi, ƙasa mai dausayi, ƙaramin haske, da kusanci zuwa ƙafar tushe. Bututun busar da ke gajiya kai tsaye zuwa cikin rarrafe na iya saurin cika kasan tushe, lalata shimfidar bene, da kuma lalata ingancin iska na cikin gida a ko'ina cikin gida.

Bayan shigar da rarrafe, tantance yanayin shingen tururin ƙasa. Lambobin gine-gine suna buƙatar wuraren rarrafe waɗanda ba a buɗe su ba don nuna ci gaba da murfin ƙasa na babban zanen polyethylene, yawanci kauri mil 6 ko mil 10, don toshe ƙawancen ƙasa. Shaye-shaye da aka katse yana zubar da galan na ruwa da manyan barguna na lint kai tsaye kan wannan membrane na roba. Tafkunan ruwa a cikin ƙananan ɓacin rai a cikin filastik, ƙirƙirar tafkuna na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da suka gurɓace da sinadarai na wanki, sludge sludge, da slime na fungal.

Pump ko vacuum tsaye ruwa daga shingen tururi ta amfani da famfo mai amfani da ruwa mai ruwa ko busasshen rigar HEPA. Mirgine ɓangarori masu ƙazanta na roba waɗanda aka lulluɓe a cikin sludge na lint, rufe su a cikin jakunkuna na ɗan kwangila, sannan a fitar da su daga cikin rarrafe. Tsaftace da lalata bangon tushe na kankare da aka fallasa da kewayen ƙafafu waɗanda ke nuna ci gaban fungi ta amfani da ingantaccen maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na ammonium. Shigar da sabon 10-mil ko 15-mil mai jure huda polyethylene vapor barrier sheeting a cikin ƙasa da aka fallasa, tare da ruɗewa da aƙalla milimita 300 (inci 12) da rufe duk gefuna zuwa bangon tushe tare da tef ɗin butyl mai nauyi.

Bincika joists na ƙasa da ƙasan ƙasa kai tsaye sama da ɓarnawar sararin samaniya. Joists na katako da ke kusa da sharar da aka katse galibi suna fama da matsanancin ƙwayar fungal, wanda aka fi sani da crawlspace mold. Idan gyare-gyaren saman ya rufe ma'auni na tsari, zubar da fungal hyphae ta amfani da gogayen waya na inji, HEPA-shrouded sanders, ko busasshen ƙanƙara da ƙwararrun ƴan kwangilar gyara suka yi. Bi da tsarin tsarin tare da ma'aunin kariyar itace mai rijista na EPA. Maganin borate suna shiga zurfi cikin zaruruwan itace, suna ba da kariya ta dindindin daga fungi mai lalata itace, bushewar bushewa, tururuwa, da ƙwaro masu banƙyama itace.

Yi magana da alakar matsa lamba ta iska tsakanin rarrafe da wuraren zama a sama. Tasirin tari yana haifar da iska mai dumi ta tashi ta cikin gidan, yana zana har zuwa kashi 50 na iska a bene na farko kai tsaye daga rarrafe ta cikin faɗuwar bene, yankan famfo, da shigar wutar lantarki. Idan filin rarrafe ya kasance da ɗanshi ko gurɓata da ƙura, mazaunan saman za su shaƙar gurɓataccen iska mai rarrafe. Shigar da na'urar cire humidifier da aka keɓance don kula da yanayin zafi ƙasa da kashi 55 akai-akai, yana kare tsarin tsari daga ruɓewar danshi na gaba.

Tabbatar cewa allon hushin tushe na waje ba su da kyau a cikin filaye masu rarrafe, ko tabbatar da cewa rufin kewaye da bushewar injin suna aiki a cikin wuraren rarrafe. Tabbatar cewa an dakatar da sabuwar busar busar da aka sake ginawa a sama tare da magudanar bene maimakon tsayawa kan shingen tururi na ƙasa. Rataya bututun yana hana lalacewa ta bazata daga ma'aikatan kulawa ko rodents, kuma yana kiyaye magudanar ruwa daga ragowar damshin ƙasa.

Tabbatar da kwararar iska bayan gyare-gyare da jadawalin kulawa¶

Da zarar sake gina bututun ruwa, bushewa da bushewa, da gurɓacewar kogo sun cika, gudanar da ingantaccen aikin tabbatar da cewa injin ɗin yana aiki lafiya. Kar a taɓa ɗauka cewa sabon bututun da aka haɗa yana aiki da kyau ba tare da auna iskar iska da gwaji a ƙarƙashin kayan aiki na gaske ba. Aiwatar da tsarin aiki yana tabbatar da saurin tafiyar iska kuma yana tabbatar da amincin injina.

Gudanar da gwajin kwararar iska a tsaye tare da na'urar bushewa yana gudana akan zagayowar mara zafi. Sanya anemometer vane na dijital a murfi na waje kuma auna saurin shayewar a fuskar buɗewar. Ingantacciyar tsarin da ya dace da lambobi yana samar da iskar iskar da ta tashi na akalla mita 6.0 a sakan daya (kafa 1,200 a cikin minti daya). Idan saurin da aka auna ya kasance mai rauni duk da sabon bututun gudu, duba bututun mika mulki a bayan kayan don kinks ko murkushe bangon dakin wanki. Shigar da akwatin busar da ƙarfe da aka ajiye a busasshen bangon bayan na'urar idan matsananciyar matsananciyar sarari ya sa bututun mika wuya ya murkushe lokacin da aka tura na'urar bushewa.

Yi duban hankali da na gani tare da dukkan bututun da ake iya gani yayin da na'urar bushewa ke gudana akan zafi mai zafi. Ji kowane haɗin gwiwa da aka naɗe da na inji don guje wa iska mai zafi ko ɗigon iska. Idan an gano ɗigon iska a haɗin gwiwa, kashe na'urar, tsaftace saman ƙarfe, sannan a yi amfani da ƙarin kunsa na tef ɗin foil na aluminium mai jera UL. Tabbatar da cewa na waje damper flapper yana buɗewa gabaɗaya zuwa kusurwar akalla 45 zuwa 90 digiri lokacin da na'urar bushewa ke aiki, kuma yana faɗuwa sosai lokacin da na'urar bushewa ta rufe.

Ƙirƙirar ƙa'idar kiyaye kariya mai gudana don tabbatar da aminci na dindindin. Bincika da tsaftace duk tsawon busar sharar busar aƙalla sau ɗaya kowane watanni 12, ko kowane wata shida a cikin gidaje masu yawan wanki, manyan iyalai, ko zubar da dabbobi. Yi amfani da ƙwararriyar kayan aikin bushewa mai jujjuyawar iska mai ɗauke da sandunan nailan masu sassauƙa da goga mai madauwari da ke haɗe da rawar gani mara igiya. Ciyar da goga mai jujjuya ta cikin bututun daga murfi na waje a ciki yayin da ake tafiyar da abin busa ganye ko injin a ƙarshen na'urar don fitar da lint ɗin da aka kwance lafiya a waje.

Shigar da na'urar firikwensin zafin jiki mai wayo ko na'urar sa ido a cikin bango ko rarrafe don ba da gargaɗin farko game da gazawar gaba. Na'urori masu auna yanayin muhalli mara waya na zamani suna lura da zafin jiki, yanayin zafi, da matsa lamba na iska a cikin ɓoyayyun wurare, suna watsa faɗakarwa na ainihi zuwa aikace-aikacen wayar hannu idan zafi ya wuce kashi 65 ko yanayin zafi ya ƙaru sosai. Waɗannan na'urori masu sa ido suna gano saɓanin haɗin gwiwa, lalacewar bututun canja wuri, ko gazawar damper na waje tun kafin ɓarkewar itace ko haɗarin wuta mai haɗari.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Ta yaya zan iya gane ko an katse huɗar busarwa ta a cikin bango ba tare da yanke buɗaɗɗen bangon ba?¶

Kuna iya gano hushin busar da aka cire ba tare da buɗe busasshen bango ta hanyar lura da lokutan zagayowar aiki, jin yanayin bangon ciki, duba matakan zafi, da duba murfin hushin waje. Bututun shaye-shaye da aka katse yana haifar da matsi na baya wanda ke tsawaita busasshen busasshen na yau da kullun daga mintuna 45 zuwa sama da mintuna 90 saboda danshi mai iska ba zai iya tserewa ba. Za ku lura cewa busasshen bangon da ke kan hanyar bututun yana jin dumi ko zafi ga taɓawa yayin aiki, kuma ɗakunan da ke daura da wurin wanki na iya haɓaka yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da ƙamshin sabulu mai dumi ko mai laushi. Auna saurin shaye-shaye a murfin ƙarewa na waje tare da anemometer vane na dijital yayin da na'urar bushewa ke gudana yana ba da tabbataccen hujja: idan mai busa busa yana gudana amma kwararar iska a murfin waje ba ya da kyau ko babu, an katse bututun ko an toshe shi gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin ginin.

Me yasa m farin vinyl ko azurfa foil accordion ducts ke da haɗari a cikin bango ko rarrafe?¶

Farar vinyl PVC hoses masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ɗigon ɓangarorin azurfa na bakin ciki suna da haɗari a cikin ɓoyayyun wurare saboda suna da juriya na wuta, suna kama manyan lint mai ƙonewa, da murkushewa ko yage cikin sauƙi. Ƙarƙashin waya na ciki na ƙananan igiyoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi na accordion suna haifar da rikici mai tsanani, yana haifar da lint na iska zuwa snag a cikin kowane tsagi har sai magudanar ya shake da zaruruwa masu ƙonewa. Idan lint yana ƙonewa a cikin siriri na bakin ciki ko bututun vinyl, kayan yana narkewa ko ƙonewa cikin ƙasa da mintuna biyu, yana sakin wuta mai ƙarfi kai tsaye cikin ginshiƙan bangon katako ko shingen bene. Saboda waɗannan munanan hatsarori na gobara, Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasashen Duniya (IRC Sashe na M1502) ya haramta tsayayyen filastik, vinyl, da ducts masu tsauri a cikin ganuwar, katako na bene, ɗakuna, da wuraren rarrafe, suna buƙatar bututun ƙarfe mai santsi mai santsi wanda ya ƙunshi yada harshen wuta.

Zan iya gudu na bushewa tare da bude taga dakin wanki yayin jiran gyara?¶

Kada ku ci gaba da aiki da na'urar bushewa tare da bututun shaye-shaye, har ma da taga dakin wanki a buɗe, saboda magudanar ruwa za su ci gaba da fitar da danshi mai yawa, lint mai ƙonewa, da yuwuwar carbon monoxide cikin ɓoyayyun cavities. Tsarin bushewa na yau da kullun yana vaporizes lita 2 zuwa 4 (0.5 zuwa galan 1.1) na ruwa kuma yana fitar da biliyoyin lint microfibers masu ƙonewa a ƙarƙashin ingantacciyar matsi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke tarwatsewa cikin bangon bango da rarrafe magudanar ruwa ba tare da la’akari da matsayin taga dakin ba. Idan iskar gas ko propane ne ke hura na'urar, yin aiki da shi tare da tsinkewar bututu yana fitar da muguwar carbon monoxide kai tsaye cikin ƙirar gida, yana haifar da mummunan haɗarin guba wanda iskar taga ba zai iya ragewa ba. Dole ne na'urar ta kasance ta daina samun kuzari gabaɗaya a na'urar kashe wutar da'ira ko kuma a cire shi har sai an sake gina mashin ɗin da ke shayewa zuwa lamba.

Tsawon wane lokaci ne za a ɗauka don tsiro a kan ingarman bango da busasshiyar bango bayan hushin bushewa ya yanke?¶

Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙirar ƙirar aiki yana farawa akan rigar bangon bangon bangon da ke fuskantar rigar bangon katako a cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48 na fallasa zuwa damshin bushewar bushewa. Zagayowar bushewa guda ɗaya tana zubar da isassun tururin ruwan dumi a cikin wani ramin bangon da ke kewaye don haɓaka ɗanɗanon dangi zuwa kashi 100, yana haɓaka ɗanɗanon itace sama da matakin kashi 20 cikin ɗari da ake buƙata don tsirowar fungal. Samfuran iska na yau da kullun irin su Aspergillus, Penicillium, da Cladosporium suna tsiro da kafa wuraren da ake iya gani a cikin kwanaki biyu zuwa uku a cikin duhu, kogo masu duhu. Idan an bar danshi ba tare da raguwa ba fiye da kwanaki bakwai, gyare-gyare masu saurin girma, ciki har da Stachybotrys chartarum, suna mamaye takarda cellulose mai danshi da ke fuskantar busasshen, yana sakin mycotoxins kuma yana buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararru da ƙazantaccen tsari.

Takaddun taimakon farko¶

Gyara hushin busar da aka cire ya haɗa da aiki tare da da'irori na lantarki 240-volt, iskar gas ko layin propane, maɗaukakin tsani, kayan aikin wutar lantarki, gyaɗa mai guba, da ƙarfe mai kaifi. Hatsari a cikin waɗannan mahalli na iya haifar da girgizar wuta mai tsanani, faɗuwar rauni, rauni mai laushi mai zurfi daga gefuna na ƙarfe, matsanancin damuwa na numfashi, ko maye gurbin carbon monoxide. Kowane mai gida, manajan kayan aiki, da ƙwararrun gyare-gyare yakamata su kula da takaddun shaida na yanzu a cikin taimakon gaggawa na manya, farfaɗowar zuciya (CPR), da aikin defibrillator na waje na atomatik (AED). Kwasa-kwasan gaggawa na yau da kullun da ƙungiyoyin ke bayarwa kamar Red Cross ta Amurka, St John Ambulance, Red Cross ta Kanada, ko masu ba da ƙwararrun likitocin gida suna koyar da ƙwarewa gami da sarrafa zubar jini don raunin jijiya, daidaitawar kashin baya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa, yanayin girgiza wutar lantarki, da ingantaccen kulawar gaggawa na numfashi har sai kwararrun likitocin likita na gaggawa sun isa.

An duba tushe¶

• Majalisar Code ta Duniya (ICC). 2024 Lambobin wurin zama na ƙasa da ƙasa (IRC), Sashe na M1502: Tufafin bushewa.
• Majalisar Code ta Duniya (ICC). 2024 International Mechanical Code (IMC), Sashe na 504: Tufafin Busar da Tufafi.
• Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA). NFPA 211: Ma'auni don Chimneys, Wuraren Wuta, Wuta, da Na'urorin Kona Man Fetur.
• Hukumar kashe gobara ta Amurka (USFA) / FEMA. Wuta na bushewa da gobara a cikin Gine-ginen Gida (Jerin Rahoton Rahoton Wuta na Topical).
• Hukumar Kare Samfur ta Amurka (CPSC). Masu bushewar Tufafin da suka wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da gobara: Faɗakarwar Tsaro da Lissafin Bincike.
• Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA). Gyaran Mold a Makarantu da Gine-ginen Kasuwanci (EPA 402-K-01-001).
• Cibiyar Bincike, Tsaftacewa da Takaddun Shaida (IICRC). IICRC S520: Ma'auni don Gyaran Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.
• Cibiyar Bincike, Tsaftacewa da Takaddun Shaida (IICRC). IICRC S500: Daidaitaccen Jagora da Jagora don Maido da Lalacewar Ruwa na Ƙwararru.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Kariya da Amsa Wuta na Kayan Wuta
• Tufafi Drer Dumin Abun Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa
• Wuta ta tsakiya ko Dryer Booster Fan Lint Wuta a cikin bangon Chase
• Ruwan Tsaye na Crawlspace, Rushewar Rushewa, da Rot Joist
• Maganin Gyaran Motsi da Ka'idojin bushewa Tsari Bayan Lalacewar Ruwa