Kitchen Range Hood Duct Grease Fire: Exhaust Chase Ignition and Attic Spread¶

Wutar man shafawa a saman murhu tana walƙiya zuwa murfi kewayon dafa abinci yana canza haɗarin dafa abinci zuwa ginin ginin ginin cikin daƙiƙa guda. Mai dafa abinci ya kai ga atomatik tsakanin 360 zuwa 370 digiri Celsius (680 da 700 digiri Fahrenheit), inda vaporized lipid plums kunna kai tsaye sama da kaskon. Lokacin da mai shaye-shaye mai aiki yana gudana yayin kunnawa, mai busa centrifugal yana aiki kamar ƙwanƙolin injinan masana'antu. Mai fan yana zana harshen wuta kai tsaye zuwa cikin matatun man mai mai rufi, abin wuyan canji, da kuma bututun tsaye.

Gudun iska na tilastawa yana isar da ɗaruruwan cubic ƙafa na iskar oxygen a cikin minti ɗaya zuwa ainihin yankin konewa. Zazzaɓin mura yana ƙaruwa sama da 540 digiri Celsius (digiri Fahrenheit 1,000) kusan nan take. Hatsari na jiki suna ƙaruwa yayin da wuta ke karya ambulan injin alfarwa. Motocin shaye-shaye na zama suna tafiya ta hanyar ɓoye bangon bango, ramukan daɗaɗɗen bene, da ɗakuna marasa sharaɗi kafin su shiga rufin waje.

Zafafan zafi da ke gudana ta ƙarfe mai bango guda ɗaya ya zarce wurin pyrolysis na ingarman itacen da ke kusa da shi, wanda iskar gas ke jujjuyawa a ma'aunin Celsius 200 (digiri 392 Fahrenheit). Bututun bututun da ba a rufe ba ko kuma ɓangarorin aluminium masu sassaucin ra'ayi suna fashe da sauri ƙarƙashin damuwa mai zafi. Jiragen harshen wuta da aka matse suna kunna rufin rufin rufin, da murhun rufin da ba a gani daga benen kicin. Murkushe wannan gobara yana buƙatar ɗaukar matakan gaggawa don yanke mai, dakatar da daftarin inji, da kuma bincika ɓoyayyun kofofin ginin.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom) kuma bayyana cewa gobarar mai ta dafa abinci ta faɗa cikin aikin bututun iska da korar rufi, tantancewa. lambobin gaggawa.
2. Yanke wutar lantarki zuwa fan ɗin kewayon kewayon nan da nan a gidan da'irar da'ira, ko cire filogin wutar idan an sami damar fita daga wutar.
3. Kashe duk abubuwan dumama na stovetop da murƙushe gindin mai dafa abinci ta hanyar zamiya lebur ɗin biredi na ƙarfe ko murfi a kwance a gefen gefen.
4. Fitar da busasshen wuta na sinadari mai ɗaukuwa Class B ko Class K zuwa sama cikin ƙwanƙarar kaho ta amfani da fashe mai sarrafawa daga mita 2 zuwa 3 (ƙafa 6 zuwa 10) baya, yana karkatar da wakili daga bangon alfarwa ta baya.
5. Fitar da duk mazauna daga ɗakunan bene waɗanda aka jera su kai tsaye tare da hanyar neman shaye-shaye a tsaye don ƙirƙirar madaidaicin madaidaicin buffer.
6. Tabbatarwa daga wuri na waje ko hayaki mai duhu, konewa, ko harshen wuta yana fitowa daga madaidaicin rufin rufin ko ɗakuna.
7. Fitar da dukan gidan nan da nan idan sautin ruri mai zurfi, tsattsauran itace, ko fenti bango ya tabbatar da gobarar da ke cikin fafatawa.

Taswirar amsawar gaggawa¶

flowchart TD
    A["Wuta tana walƙiya a cikin Hood"] --> B["Yi la'akari da Isar Harshen Harshen Wuta"]
    B --> C["Harshen Harabar Ciki Tace Tace ko Ƙwallon Ƙwaƙwalwa"]
    C --> D["Yanke Wutar Lantarki zuwa Hood a Mai Rage Wuta"]
    D --> E["Sheet Karfe Slide Matsakaicin Wurin dafa abinci"]
    E --> F["Duba Sautin Duct: Roaring ko Guguwar Iska?"]
    F -->|"Babu ruri, Hayaƙi na gida"| G["Fitar da Class B ko K Extinguisher a cikin abun ciki"]
    F -->|"Sauti mai ruri ko Bugewar bango"| H["Aiki Tsaye Tsaye ko Wuta na ɗaki"]
    G --> I["Kula da Duct na waje da zafin bango na sama"]
    H --> J["Kashe Gaba ɗaya Tsarin Nan da nan"]
    I -->|"Zazzabi Kasa da 50 C (122 F)"| K["Jira Binciken Thermal Ma'aikatar Wuta"]
    I -->|"Wuraren Zafi ko Hayaki na ɗaki"| J
    J --> L["Haɗu da Masu Amsa A Waje tare da Matsayin Amfani"]

Anatomy da injiniyoyi na injiniyoyi na kewayon hood¶

Gobarar bututu mai yaduwa tana hulɗa kai tsaye tare da kayan aikin injina na tsarin samun iska na zama. Daidaitaccen murfin kewayon dafa abinci ya haɗa da alfarwar ci, shingen tace mai, taro mai hura wutar lantarki, damfarar baya, abin wuyan canji, da bututun shaye-shaye a tsaye yana ƙarewa a hular rufin waje. Kowane bangare yana ba da takamaiman rawar motsa jiki yayin dafa abinci na yau da kullun. Duk da haka kowane bangare kuma yana nuna lahani daban-daban a lokacin tsananin zafi na gaggawa.

Alfarwar da ake ci tana tattara ɓangarorin dafa abinci da iskar mai ta hanyar amfani da buoyancy na zafi. Na'urorin tacewa suna ɗaukar barbashi na lipid na iska kafin iskar ta kai ga motar busa. Murfin mazauni yana da matattarar raga na aluminium mai yawa ko matattarar baffle bakin karfe.

Aluminum raga yana tace mai ta hanyar datsewa, amma siraran wayoyi suna narkewa kusa da digiri 660 ma'aunin Celsius (digiri 1,220 Fahrenheit). Tuntuɓar harshen wuta kai tsaye yana lalata matattarar raga a cikin daƙiƙa 60, yana ba da damar wuta ta haska cikin ɗakin. Bakin ƙarfe baffle taro yana tsayayya da zafi har zuwa digiri 1,400 ma'aunin Celsius (digiri 2,550), yana ba da ingantaccen garkuwar harshen wuta.

Taron mai busa yana ɗaukar fanka mai axial ko dabaran centrifugal da ke da ƙarfi ta da'ira 120-volt ko 230-volt. A cikin watanni na dafa abinci, mai busa yana tattara kayan ciki na man fetur na polymerized. Zafin dafa abinci yana gasa triglycerides unsaturated zuwa wani Layer mai ƙonewa a cikin ganuwar gungura da ruwan wukake.

Damper na baya yana zaune sama da tashar fitarwa mai busa don toshe zane na waje. Ƙunƙarar zafi mai zafi yana ɗaga wannan damper a buɗe a buɗe yayin gobarar hayaƙi ko da ba ta da ƙarfin fanka. Narkewar gandun daji na nailan yana kulle ruwan damper a buɗe, yana riƙe da zanen bututun hayaƙi.

Matsalolin ruwa, duct aerodynamics, da physics Layer Layer¶

Motsin iskar man mai ta hanyar aikin bututun shaye-shaye ya biyo bayan injinan ruwa na asali. Tashin tururin girki yana haɓaka sama saboda buoyiyar zafi. Akan kusanci ga alfarwar abin sha, tururi suna shiga wani yanki mai ƙarancin matsa lamba inda saurin ya karu ta cikin maƙogwaro.

A cikin diamita na ducts masu auna 150 zuwa 250 millimeters (6 zuwa 10 inci) a diamita, saurin gudu daga 5 zuwa 10 mita a sakan daya (16 zuwa 33 ƙafa a sakan daya). Waɗannan saurin aiki suna samar da lambobin Reynolds sama da 4,000, suna kafa cikakkun yanayi masu rudani. Swirling eddies na jigilar kuzari, zafi, da rataye ɓangarorin zuwa kewayen bututu.

Dakatar da ɗigon lipid masu auna 0.5 zuwa 50 micrometers suna haye sublayer na laminar ta hanyar tasiri mai ruɗi. Tasirin ɗigon ruwa yana manne da bangon bututu, yana haɗawa cikin fina-finan ruwa mai ci gaba ta hanyar tashin hankali. Dumi shaye iska yana tafiyar da thermal polymerization da oxidative giciye-linking. Fatty acid ɗin da ba a cika da shi ba suna samar da resins masu yawa na polymeric waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfe mai galvanized, ƙirƙirar gado mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kwatankwacin man fetur na masana'antu.

Chemistry na konewar lipid da guba na acrolein¶

Rushewar kitse mai zafi yana haifar da yaɗuwar harshen wuta da haɗari mai haɗari. Mai dafa abinci ya ƙunshi triglycerides masu haɗa glycerol zuwa sarƙoƙi mai fatty acid guda uku. Unsaturation na kwayoyin halitta yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na zafi da maƙallan kunnawa.

Dumama mai da ya wuce wurin hayaƙin sa yana haifar da tsagewar glycerol, yana sakin fatty acids kyauta da iskar acrolein mai guba. Acrolein yana fusatar da mucous membranes a kashi 0.1 a kowace miliyan, yana haifar da lacrimation mai tsanani da tari. Abubuwan da ke sama da sassa 2 a kowace miliyan suna haifar da edema na huhu, wanda ba ya iya aiki a cikin mintuna.

Ya zarce ma'aunin Celsius 310 (digiri 590 na Fahrenheit), tsatsawar zafin jiki yana raba fatty acid zuwa iskar gas na hydrocarbon mara ƙarfi wanda ke saman ruwan zafi. Tuntuɓar tartsatsin wuta yana kunna wannan tururi nan da nan. Autoignition ya kafa a 360 zuwa 370 digiri Celsius (680 zuwa 700 digiri Fahrenheit). Wutar skillet mai tsawon santimita 30 (inci 12) tana samar da kilowatts 100 zuwa 250 na zafi, tana tuƙi karfen katako da man mai don walƙiya cikin sauri.

Tasiri tari da daftarin bellows thermodynamics¶

Gudun bututun tsaye yana ƙara gobarar dafa abinci ta wurin buoyancy na zafi wanda aka sani da tasirin tari. Yanke ikon fan yana cire shigar da injina, amma buoyancy na halitta yana fitar da iskar gas mai zafi zuwa sama. Bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin iskar hayaki da iska na waje yana haifar da matsatsi mai tsayi a tsaye.

Gas ɗin konewa suna haɓaka zuwa sama a mita 8 zuwa 12 a cikin daƙiƙa guda (ƙafa 26 zuwa 39 a cikin daƙiƙa). Wannan hawan sama yana fitar da hayaki ta cikin rufin rufin yayin da yake zana iska mai kyau a saman dafa abinci, yana ciyar da iskar oxygen zuwa gindin wuta. Magoya bayan shaye-shaye masu gudana suna haɗa wannan daftarin, suna fitar da iskar kubik 17 zuwa 34 a cikin minti ɗaya (ƙafa 600 zuwa 1,200 a cikin minti ɗaya) da kuma tilasta wutar da aka matsa ta hanyar bututun da ba a rufe ba zuwa cikin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiya.

Hanyoyin ƙonewa na tsari a cikin korar bango da ɗakuna¶

Boye-boye kogon gini na sa gobarar bututun kaho ke da haɗari musamman. Magudanar ruwa suna tafiya ta hanyar bangon bango da aka gina daga 38 zuwa 89 millimita (2 ta 4) na katako. Ƙwayoyin ruwa sun haye ramukan bene da busassun bangon bango kafin su shiga buɗaɗɗen sarari.

Zafi yana tserewa bangon bututu ta hanyar sarrafawa, radiation, da convection. Gudanarwa yana dumama saman ƙarfe daidai gwargwado yayin da bangon bututu masu haske ke haskaka kuzari zuwa ƙirar katako. Dawowar iska a cikin kogon chase yana jujjuya zafi mai zafi zuwa sandunan da ke kusa.

Ƙaddamar da katako yana raguwa kafin harshen wuta kai tsaye ya auku. Bayyanar da ke sama da digiri 150 ma'aunin celcius (digiri 302 Fahrenheit) yana lalata cellulose na itace, yayin da yanayin zafi sama da digiri 200 ma'aunin celcius (digiri 392 Fahrenheit) ke haifar da caja da pyrophoric carbon. Radiant zafin tura saman ingarma sama da 260 digiri Celsius (500 Fahrenheit) yana kunna katako na tsari. Matsaloli a cikin tsofaffin gidajen da ba su da Sashen IRC R302.11 toshewar gobara yana ba da damar wuta ta kewaye benaye da fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin tarkace.

Lalacewar ƙaya da maki gazawar lamba¶

Kayan injina da aka zaɓa yayin girka kicin suna faɗin tsawon lokacin da tsarin bututun zai yi tsayayya da gazawar thermal. Abubuwan da ba su da inganci da aka girka yayin gyare-gyaren mai son haifar da bala'in hanyoyin wuta. Dokokin gine-gine na zamani sun kafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi don dafa abinci mai shaye-shaye.

Under International Mechanical Code (IMC) Chapter 5 and International Residential Code (IRC) Section M1503, cooking exhaust systems must follow strict standards: - Dole ne bututun ya ƙunshi ƙarfe mai galvanized, bakin karfe, ko jan ƙarfe, yayin da aka hana sassauƙan foil, vinyl, da bututun PVC. - Dole ne magudanan ruwa su kasance suna da santsin bangon ciki don hana kama maiko. - Dole ne haɗin haɗin gwiwa su yi tafiya a cikin hanyar iska, an ɗaure su da injina, kuma a rufe su da tef ɗin zafi mai zafi ko mastic. - Dole ne magudanan ruwa su fita kai tsaye a waje kuma kada su ƙare a cikin ɗaki, rarrafe, ko ramukan bango.

Corrugated aluminum foil flex duct na kasawa da sauri yayin gobarar mai. Wutar wuta da ke ci a ma'aunin Celsius 800 (digiri 1,472 Fahrenheit) na narke 0.04-milimita foil a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 20, yana fashewa da tururi a cikin kabad. Akwatunan katako suna kama wuta da sauri, suna rikidewa zuwa wutar daki.

Zaɓuɓɓukan masu sauri suna gabatar da haɗari mai tsanani. Dogayen sukurori mai tsawon millimita 25 (1-inch) waɗanda aka kora a cikin bututun mai suna haifar da wuraren kamawa waɗanda ke tattara kitsen da ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna kunna wuta yayin gobara. Tef ɗin mabukaci ya gaza yayin da adhesives ke yin ruwa a ma'aunin Celsius 65 (digiri 149 Fahrenheit), yana fitar da hayaki cikin ɓangarorin bango.

Hanyoyin gazawar bincike: yadda wutar dafa abinci ke canzawa zuwa bututun infernos¶

Gane ainihin matakin sauyi na gobarar mai na dafa abinci yana jagorantar yanke shawara nan da nan. Wutar dafa abinci tana tasowa ta hanyoyi daban-daban na aiki guda uku, kowanne yana gabatar da alamu na musamman.

Mataki na 1: Kunna kayan dafa abinci na gida¶

Mai dafa abinci yana sarrafa kansa a cikin kayan dafa abinci, yana samar da wuta mai tsayi 200 zuwa 600 millimeters (inci 8 zuwa 24). Radiant zafi yana tasiri akan matatun alfarwa, yayin da yanayin zafi ya kai 150 zuwa 250 digiri Celsius (digiri 302 zuwa 482 Fahrenheit). Sauti sun haɗa da tsinke mai laushi da tofa mai. Zamewa murfin karfe akan kwanon rufi ko tura na'urar kashewa ta Class B yana danne wuta kafin shigar bututu.

Mataki na 2: Tace shigewar ciki da walƙiya¶

Kasawa da wuri yana ba da damar zafi mai zafi don narkar da matattarar raga ko kunna maiko a kan baffles, shigar da gidan busa. Motar da aka yi da inuwar sanda ta narke, tana fitar da hayaƙin lantarki. Fashe masu ƙarfin gudu suna fitar da hazo mai ƙarfi, kuma harshen wuta yana walƙiya a cikin kwalajin shan bututu.

Mataki na 3: Ƙulla wuta a tsaye da ƙetaren ɗaki¶

Harshen harshen wuta da ke shiga masu tashi tsaye yana haifar da ƙaramar ƙarar ƙara daga saurin faɗaɗa iskar gas. Ƙarfe ducts suna fadada 15 zuwa 25 millimeters (0.6 zuwa 1.0 inci) a kan mita 3 (ƙafa 10) yana gudana a digiri 600 na Celsius (1,112 Fahrenheit). Damuwa mai zafi yana yaga haɗin gwiwa, yana watsar da wuta cikin sassaƙawar bango. Busasshen bangon busasshen busasshen busasshen hayaki da hayaki mai fitowa daga allon gindi suna tabbatar da gobarar tsarin aiki.

Zaɓin zaɓin kashe gobara da makanikai na murkushe dabara¶

Aiwatar da wakili na kashe ba daidai ba cikin wuta mai aiki da murhu zai iya haifar da kumburin tsari ko rauni mai tsanani na ma'aikaci. Dole ne masu gida su fahimci ainihin mu'amala ta zahiri na kafofin watsa labarai na kashe wuta akan gobarar mai a tsaye.

Masu kashe sinadarai na Class K suna amfani da potassium acetate ko potassium citrate mafita. Lokacin da aka fesa akan mai mai zafi, salts potassium suna yin saponification, suna kafa bargon kumfa mai sabulu. Wannan kumfa yana rufe iskar oxygen yayin da yake fitar da ruwa yana sanyaya man da ke ƙasa da yanayin zafi. Ƙunƙarar hazo bututun ƙarfe mai ƙarancin gudu yana rufe ƙaramin murfin murfin ba tare da watsa ruwa mai ƙonewa ba.

Daidaitaccen busassun sinadarai masu kashewa suna amfani da sodium bicarbonate (BC-rated) ko monoammonium phosphate (ABC-rated). Sodium bicarbonate yana katse halayen sarkar kyauta yayin konewa. Buga wurare masu zafi mai zafi, sodium bicarbonate yana rarraba cikin sodium carbonate, tururi, da carbon dioxide. Wannan saurin sakin iskar gas yana sa wuta yayin da ɓangarorin ke ɗaukar makamashin zafi, suna haifar da bugun ƙasa cikin sauri.

Monoammonium phosphate (ABC busasshen sinadari) yana gabatar da matsalolin tsaftacewa mai tsanani bayan gobara. Zafin da ya wuce digiri 180 ma'aunin Celsius (digiri 356 Fahrenheit), foda ya narke zuwa narkakken polyphosphoric acid. Wannan acid mai-kamar gilashi yana haɗin haɗin gwiwa da ƙarfi ga bakin karfe, ƙarfe, da lambobin lantarki. Yanayin yanayi yana haɗuwa tare da wannan ragowar acidic don lalata karafa a cikin kwanaki, yana buƙatar gyaran sinadarai.

Masu kashe carbon dioxide (CO2) sun tabbatar da rashin tasiri ga gobarar bututun tsaye. CO2 ya dogara ne akan matsawar iskar oxygen. Ƙarfafan haɓakawa mai ƙarfi a cikin hayakin hayaki mai aiki yana fitar da iskar carbon dioxide fitar da hular rufin cikin daƙiƙa, yana barin murfin mai mai zafi ya yi sarauta nan da nan.

Rage dabara na mataki-mataki: daga kan murhu zuwa hular rufin¶

Sarrafa gobarar maiko kitchen wadda ta shiga aikin bututun samun iska yana buƙatar tsari na tsari, ƙa'idar da aka ba da fifiko. Bi waɗannan matakan aiwatarwa na jeri don cimma cikakkiyar ƙullawa yayin kiyaye rayuwa.

Mataki na 1: Keɓancewar makamashi da ɓacin rai¶

Kashe daftarin iska na tilas a cikin daƙiƙa 30. Ka guji taɓa maɓallan murfi idan harshen wuta ya ratsa kan rufin don hana ƙonewa mai tsanani. Matsar zuwa panel breaker kuma kashe masu fasa kicin, tare da dakatar da shigar da iska cikin hayaki.

Dakatar da kayan dafa abinci ta hanyar zamewa da takardar burodin ƙarfe ko murfi mai nauyi a kwance a gefen kwanon rufi. Zamewa yana hana motsin iska wanda ke zubar da mai. A bar murfin a wuri na tsawon mintuna 45 don hana tururi sarauta.

Mataki na 2: Dabarar allurar bututun kashewa¶

Adireshin harshen wuta daga mita 2 zuwa 3 (ƙafa 6 zuwa 10) baya. Zamo fil ɗin aminci na kashe wuta kuma yi nufi a ƙarƙashin rufin a kusurwar digiri 45 a gaban bangon bakin karfe na baya. Kada a taɓa nufin kai tsaye zuwa cikin buɗar hayaƙi, wanda ke watsar da mai.

Mayar da wakili daga bangon baya yana tarwatsa gajimaren sinadari mai yawa wanda daftarin halitta ya zana sama da injin busa da hayaniya. Fitar da naúrar a cikin ɗan gajeren daƙiƙa 2 na fashewa har sai an juye juyewar hayaki zuwa launin toka.

Mataki na 3: Tsari Tsari da sa ido¶

Tabbatar da ɓoyayyun ƙofofin bayan murhun harshen wuta. Bincika busasshen bango tare da bibiyar a tsaye tare da bayan hannunka mara kyau. Zafin da ya wuce digiri 50 ma'aunin celcius (digiri 122 Fahrenheit) ko fenti mai kyalli yana tabbatar da cajin ingarma.

Duba rufin waje daga matakin ƙasa. Hayaƙi ko tartsatsin wuta da ke fitowa daga ɗakuna masu ɗaki ko ƙorafi suna tabbatar da cewa gobarar ta keta bututun hayaƙi a cikin bene na rufin. A kwashe nan da nan idan tsarin zafi ko hayaƙin ɗaki ya bayyana.

Mataki na 4: Tsabtace rukunin yanar gizo da ƙwararrun kashe hannu¶

Rufe kofofin ciki yayin da ake fitarwa don raba hayaki da iyakance isar da iskar oxygen. Kula da kewayen taro aƙalla mita 15 (ƙafa 50) daga ginin. Takaitaccen isowar ma'aikatan kashe gobara kan shigar hayaniya, tura kayan kashe wuta, matsayin cire haɗin lantarki, da kuma hanyar zahiri na bi ta cikin tsarin.

Cikakken kayan aiki da kayan aikin bincike¶

Sarrafa da kimanta gobarar bututun kaho da tsarinta na bayanta yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da kayan bincike. Jerin kayan aiki masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken bayani game da kayan aikin jiki da ake buƙata don amsa gaggawa, ƙimar zafi, da gyaran injin bayan wuta.

Amintaccen dubawa na ɗaki da ƙima na yanayin zafi¶

Idan an danne wutar bututun dafa abinci da sauri kuma babu ƙarar ji, busasshen busasshen bangon bango, ko hayaƙin rufin, dole ne a yi tabbacin tsarin farko. Dole ne masu gida su kiyaye ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin aminci kafin buɗe kowane rukunin shiga rufin ko ƙyanƙyasar ɗaki.

Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na thermal ba tare da keta iyakokin ɗaki ba ta amfani da pyrometer infrared: - Bincika busasshen bangon rufi tare da shaye-shaye inda yanayin zafi yakan yi daidai da iskar daki. - Karatun cikin gida sama da digiri 35 ma'aunin celcius (digiri 95 Fahrenheit) yana nuna riƙon zafi a cikin ramukan ƙira. - Fasasshen haɗin gwiwa a mashigin ɗaki yana tabbatar da gypsum calcination, yana ba da garantin ƙwararrun gwajin zafin jiki daga ma'aikatan kashe gobara kafin ayyana wurin lafiya.

Binciken bincike na bayan wuta, maye gurbin bututu, da ƙa'idodin tsaftacewa¶

Bayan tabbatar da aukuwar gobarar bututun, dole ne a kula da duk taron shaye-shaye kamar yadda aka daidaita har sai wani ɗan kwangilar injinan lasisi da kuma mai duba gini na gida ya tabbatar da shi. Yin aiki da murfin kewayon da ya ɗanɗana wuta na ciki yana ba da haɗari mai tsanani na gobarar lantarki ta biyu, mai kashe iskar gas, da mummunar gazawar inji.

Mechanical teardown da kimanta bangaren¶

Kowane abu da aka fallasa zuwa hanyar wuta yana buƙatar cikakken binciken bincike: - Motar hood mai busa: Zafi yana lalata man shafawa, yana lalata rufin iska, kuma yana narkar da abubuwan zafi. Yin aiki da injuna da suka lalace suna haifar da jinkirin gobarar wutar lantarki, suna buƙatar cikakken maye gurbin abin hurawa. - Hanyoyin damper: Wutar damp ɗin da aka ƙera yana hana ƙullewa, gayyato danshi da zayyana. Rashin zafin bazara yana hana flappers rufewa ƙarƙashin nauyi ko tashin hankali lokacin bazara. - Haɗin ƙugiya da masu ɗaure: Faɗawar thermal yana sassaukar da sukurori da vaporizes ɗin haɗin gwiwa. Duk wani yanki na bututun da ke nuna launin ƙarfe, zinc bluing, ko zub da jini a cikin kabu dole ne a maye gurbinsa da bututun ƙarfe mai ma'auni 26. - Tsarin itacen tsari: Ƙaddamar da katako mai nuna caja mai zurfi fiye da milimita 3 (inci 0.12) yana buƙatar kimanta tsarin. Ƙarshen katako yana rasa ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, galibi yana tilasta ƴan uwa mata a ƙarƙashin dokokin ginin gida.

Gyaran gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da ɓatacce ragowar gyara¶

Fitar da na'urar kashe ABC yana buƙatar kawar da sinadari da zarar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa sun yi sanyi. Mix ruwan dumi da sodium bicarbonate ko tsarma ammonia don kawar da acidic monoammonium phosphate. Tsaftace foda mai sako-sako ta hanyar amfani da injin tace HEPA, guje wa vacuum na gida wanda ke fitar da ƙura mai kyau zuwa cikin wuraren zama. Shafa saman karfe tare da maganin kashewa, kurkura da ruwa mai tsafta, sannan jefar da abinci da aka fallasa.

Tsare-tsare na rigakafi da jadawalin dubawa¶

Aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun jadawali masu dacewa da ƙa'idodin Ƙungiyar Kariyar Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA): - Tace tsaftacewa: Wanke baffle ko raga tace kowane kwana 30 a cikin gidajen da ke dafa abinci kullum. Jiƙa matattara a cikin na'urar bushewa ko gudanar da baffles bakin karfe ta zagayowar injin wanki mai zafi. - Canopy plenum degenreasing: Kowane kwanaki 90, shafa cikin ciki plenum, man shafawa, da damar abin hurawa gidaje tare da citrus degreaser. - Cire hular rufin waje: Bincika iyakoki na waje kowace shekara don cire ganye, nests, da lint, tabbatar da motsin flapper. - Tsare-tsaren murƙushe girki ta atomatik: Shigar da injin dafa abinci ta atomatik na kashe gwangwani waɗanda ke fitar da foda lokacin da hanyoyin haɗin ke narkewa a 180 zuwa 200 digiri Celsius (356 zuwa 392 digiri Fahrenheit).

Lambobin injiniyoyi da yawa da ƙa'idodin shigarwa¶

Shigarwa da gyare-gyaren iskar shaye-shaye na dafa abinci yana buƙatar cikakken bin ƙa'idodin gini na ƙasa da ƙasa, da na birni. Fahimtar waɗannan ƙa'idodi yana tabbatar da cewa aikin bututun da aka sake gina yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi na gaba kuma ya bi takaddun zama na birni.

A {asar Amirka, ana kayyade tsarin shaye-shaye na wurin zama a ƙarƙashin International Residential Code (IRC) Babi na 15 da Code of Mechanical Code (IMC) Babi na 5. Sashe na M1503.2 ya ba da umurni cewa bututun dole ne ya kasance mai santsi-bangon galvanized karfe, bakin karfe, ko jan karfe tare da dampers na baya, tare da hana sassauƙan ducting. Sashe na M1503.6 yana buƙatar tsarin iska na kayan shafa don hoods masu gajiyar sama da mita cubic 11 a minti daya (ƙafa 400 a cikin minti ɗaya). Wannan tsarin iska na kayan shafa yana haɗa wutar lantarki tare da kaho don hana ɓarnawar gini mai haɗari.

A cikin Kanada, iskar mazaunin ta faɗi ƙarƙashin National Building Code of Canada (NBC) Sashe na 9. Sashe na 9.32.3 ya nuna cewa bututun da ke fitowa zuwa waje dole ne su kasance marasa konewa kuma su jagoranci waje kai tsaye. Lambobin lardi sun yi kama da waɗannan ƙa'idodin, suna hana bututu masu sassauƙa da buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe ta cikin ɗaki mai sanyi don hana gurɓataccen mai.

A cikin United Kingdom da Tarayyar Turai, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin suna bin Takardun da aka yarda da su F da Matsayin Turai EN 13141-3. Standarda'idodin Biritaniya BS 5925 da BS 5422 suna daidaita yawan iskar da iska da hayaƙin hayaƙi a cikin wuraren rufin da ba su da zafi. Inda magudanan ruwa suka ketare benaye masu raba wuta a cikin gine-ginen iyali da yawa, dokokin gini suna buƙatar intumescent dampers don dakatar da yaduwar wuta a tsaye.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Zan iya tsaftacewa da sake amfani da murfin kewayon bayan gobarar mai?¶

Ba za ku iya sake amfani da murfin kewayo a amince ba bayan gobarar bututun ba tare da cikakken binciken lafiyar inji da na lantarki daga ma'aikaci mai lasisi ba. Ƙarfin zafi mai ƙarfi a cikin mahalli na busa yana yin illa ga iskar wutar lantarki, yana narkar da kayan aikin wayar robobi, kuma yana ƙasƙantar da man mai, yana haifar da harsashi mai tsanani da haɗarin wutar lantarki idan rukunin ya sake samun kuzari. Zafi yana lalata damper na baya na ciki kuma yana karkatar da tashoshi masu tacewa, yana hana kwararar iska mai kyau da tacewa. Idan harshen wuta ya shiga ƙwanƙolin bututun tsaye, duk aikin bututun dole ne a keɓance shi da kyamara don bincika rabe-rabe, kuma dole ne a maye gurbin naúrar busa don tabbatar da aminci na gaba.

Me yasa fanka shaye-shaye na kewayo ya kara dagula wutar a maimakon tsotsa ta daga gidan?¶

An ƙera murfin kewayon ɗakin dafa abinci don shayar da iska mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, danshi, da kamshin dafa abinci, ba harshen wuta mai ƙarfi ba. Lokacin da mai shaye-shaye ke gudana yayin gobarar mai mai aiki, mai busa centrifugal yana aiki azaman ƙwanƙolin inji, yana zana ɗaruruwan cubic ƙafa na iskar oxygen a cikin minti ɗaya kai tsaye zuwa gindin mai mai kona. Wannan convection na tilastawa yana haɓaka saurin konewa, tsayin harshen wuta sau uku, kuma yana fitar da iska mai zafi zuwa cikin bututun hayaƙi a tsaye. Da zarar an shiga cikin hayaƙin, iskar tana motsa iskar man mai mai zafi a kan bangon bututun ciki, yana kunna tsohowar man mai da kuma yada wuta zuwa cikin bangon bango.

Menene bambanci tsakanin Class B, Class K, da Class ABC extinguisher don wutar bututu?¶

Masu kashe jika na Class K suna amfani da maganin ruwa na alkaline wanda ke amsawa da mai dafa abinci mai zafi ta hanyar saponification, ƙirƙirar kumfa mai kauri, sabulu mai kauri wanda ke sanyaya mai kuma yana shaƙa wuta ba tare da watsar da mai ba. Masu kashe sinadarai masu bushewa na Class B suna amfani da foda sodium bicarbonate don katse halayen konewar sinadarai, suna bugun wuta da sauri yayin da ba su lalacewa ga kayan kicin. Class ABC extinguishers amfani monoammonium phosphate foda, wanda yadda ya kamata smothers Multi-material gobara amma narke a cikin m, sosai acidic ragowar rawaya mai lalata da bakin karfe, sheet karfe ducts, da lantarki da'irori idan ba gaba daya neutralized bayan amfani.

Ta yaya zan iya sanin ko gobarar bututun kaho ta bazu cikin ɗaki na ba tare da buɗe ƙofar ɗakin ba?¶

Kuna iya gano wutar da ke yaɗuwa ta hanyar lura da layukan rufin waje, sauraron sautin tsari na musamman, da duba yanayin bangon ciki tare da korar bututun. Yi tafiya a waje kuma ku lura da rufin rufin ku: idan duhu, hayaki mai matsa lamba ko fashewa ya fito daga ramin ɗaki na ɗaki, huluna, ko huluna maimakon kawai murhun shaye-shaye na ƙarfe, harshen wuta ya kutsa cikin ginin ɗaki. A cikin gida, ƙarar ƙaramar ƙarar ƙaramar ƙaramar ingin jet, sautin itace, ko busasshen bangon bango tare da layin chase na tsaye yana nuna ƙona tsarin aiki. Kada ku taɓa buɗe ɗakin shiga ɗaki idan kuna zargin gobarar ɗaki, saboda gabatar da sabon iskar oxygen na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri.

Takaddun taimakon farko¶

Sarrafa gobarar gida, gaggawar shakar hayaki, da ƙonawa mai tsanani na buƙatar horo na aiki da hannu kan rikici. Karatun littattafan aminci yana ba da fahimi tushe, amma kwaikwayi horo na gaggawa yana gina ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka ta jiki da ake buƙata don yin aiki da yanke hukunci ƙarƙashin matsanancin damuwa na fahimi. Muna ba da shawara mai ƙarfi don yin rajista a cikin ƙwararrun taimako na farko, CPR, da kuma kwas ɗin amincin kashe gobara da ƙungiyoyin da aka sani ke bayarwa kamar Red Cross ta Amurka, St John Ambulance, Red Cross ta Kanada, ko ƙungiyar kashe gobara ta gari. Kwasa-kwasan hannu-da-hannu suna koyar da dabarar tura wutar kashe gobara, daidaita yanayin zafi, sarrafa hanyar iska yayin fallasa carbon monoxide, da ingantaccen haɗin kai na dangi.

An duba tushe¶

• Ƙungiyar Kariyar Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA) 96: Matsayi don Kula da Iskar iska da Kariyar Wuta na Ayyukan dafa abinci na Kasuwanci
• Ƙungiyar Kariyar Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA) 10: Ƙimar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Wuta
• Hukumar Kula da Wuta ta Amurka (USFA): Ka'idojin Kariyar Wuta da Rigakafin Wuta na zama
• Majalisar Kodi ta Duniya (ICC): Lambar Mazauna ta Duniya (IRC) Babi na 15, Tsare-tsaren Ƙarfafawa
• Majalisar Kodi ta Duniya (ICC): Lambobin Injiniyanci na Duniya (IMC) Babi na 5, Tsarukan Ƙarfafawa
• Laboratories Underwriters (UL) Standard 507: Magoya bayan Wutar Lantarki da Takaddar Tsaron Range Hood
• Hukumar Kare Kayayyakin Mabukaci (CPSC): Range Hood da Ka'idodin Kariyar Wuta na Kayan Abinci
• Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Wuta da Ƙoyayyun Dabarun Sararin Sama

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Korar gobarar gida da tsira
• Wutar lantarki da kuma tartsatsin tartsatsi
• Wuta mai shaye-shaye fan da busar da busassun huɗa na gaggawa
• Shirye-shiryen gujewa gobarar gida da ƙararrawar hayaƙi
• Zaɓin zaɓin kashe gobarar gida da sanyawa