Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshipatuka mu tshimanu: luya, kapia, ne bikunyibua¶

Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja munda mua tshimanu, tshina tshia ku plafond, anyi muaba wa tshisokomenu tshidi tshikebesha njiwu ya lukasa ya nzubu ne ya kapia. Mashinyi a kuyumisha nawu bilamba a mu nzubu adi apatula munkatshi mua 2.8 ne 5.7 metre kubike ku minite (100 too ne ku 200 metre kubike ku minite) a kapepe ka kapia, ka mashika kadi ne bintu bia bungi bidi mua kuosha. Mu kitatyi kimo kya kuyumija, tshiamu tshia kuyumija natshi bintu tshia mu nzubu tshidi tshipatula 2 to ne 4 litre (0.5 to 1.1 gallons) ya mayi a mu bilamba biume. Padi tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapia tshipatuka ku tshilamba tshia ku tshimanu anyi tshipatuka munda mua tshina tshia tshimanu tshisokoka, bungi buonso bua luya lua kapia ne bintu bidi mua kuosha bidi bipatuka buludiludi mu tshibumba tshia nzubu.

Dikosolola dia luya lusokoka didi dienda dikola bitekete bitekete ne didi dishala disokoka kudi bantu munkatshi mua mbingu ya bungi. Bamfumu ba nzubu batu batamba kumona bimanyinu bia didimuija, bu mudi nzubu wa kusukula bilamba udi ne kapia kakole, mupuya mubi wa bintu bia kusukula nabi bilamba udi mu tshilaminu tshia bilamba, anyi bilamba bidi bikengela misangu ibidi anyi isatu bua kuuma. Panyima pa tshimanu tshiume, luya lua munda mua tshimanu ludi luvula too ne ku 100 pa lukama mu minite mikese ya mudimu, ludi lulengeja tshiamu tshia fibre de verre, lunyanga miji ya gypsum, ne lubandisha luya lua mu tshibumba tshia mabaya pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia fibre saturation. Mu kitatyi kimo, lupepele ludi lusomba pa nkamba ya nzembu, pa bibombi bia nzembu, ne pa milonda ya mayi, bienza tshitupa tshile tshia mafuta a nzembu.

Padi tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshia gaz tshipeta njila wa dipatuka dia kapia, njiwu idi ivula too ne ku lufu lua muoyo. Biamu bia kuosha nabi bintu bidi bipatula bintu bibi bidi bipatuka mu kapia, bu mudi monoxide de carbone, dioxide d'azote, ne kapepe ka mafuta kadiyi kapia, kupitshila mu tshina tshia kapia. Tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja tshidi tshipatula luya elu lubi buludiludi mu bibambalu bia panshi, mu miaba ya kuendakana, ne mu bimanu bia munda mutupu. Luvumba elu lua buanga ludi lupita mu bibombi bia nzembu, mu bipese bia kuinshi, ne mu milonda ya HVAC idi ipingana mu nzubu ya bulalu ne miaba ya kusombela.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Jima tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bilamba diakamue ne kumbusha tshikondo tshionso tshia kuyumisha natshi bilamba bua kuimanyika dipompa dia kapia, luya ne nsuki mu nzubu.
2. Umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshifila nzembu ku tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu pa kupatula tshingoma tshia 240-volt ku tshimanu anyi kujima tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne mionji ibidi ku tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu.
3. Shi tshiamu etshi ntshia tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi gaz, enza bua tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi gaz tshia ku bianza tshitupa tshinayi tshitangile ku tshiamu tshia gaz bua kuimanyika dienda dia mafuta, ne tangila ni biamu bia ku nzubu bidi bienza mudimu bimpa.
4. Wewe mumvue mupuya wa gaz wa mazutu, wela meji ne: kudi monoxide de carbone, anyi mumone mupuya wa kapia kunyima kua bimanu, umbusha bantu bonso badimu ne ubikile ku nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) pambelu pa nzubu, wela meji ne: nomba ya tshimpitshimpi.
5. Tangila nzubu wa kuowela bilamba, nzubu idi pabuipi, ne muaba wa tshilala benyi anyi nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba udi muinshi mua tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba bua kumona ni kudi mayi adi amueneka, bimanu biume bidi ne kapia, plafond udi unyanguka anyi luya ludi lupatuka.
6. Kanga nzubu anyi tshisasa tshidi tshinyanguke ne mabeji a plastique ne ujime tshiamu tshia kapia ne tshia mashika bua kupangisha bipupu bia nkunde ne lupuishi lua nsongo mu nzubu mujima.
7. Keba muaba mulelela wa ditapuluka mu njila wa tshina tshia mâyi ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia luya, tshiamu tshia foto tshia borescope, anyi mushindu wa kubuela mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi, mu nzubu wa kuulu anyi mu tshibuelelu tshia tshibumba tshiume.

flowchart TD
    A["Badi bela meji ne: dikosolola dia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu"] --> B["Tshitupa 1: Ima tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bintu ne umbusha nzembu"]
    B --> C{"Tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshidi tshienza mudimu ne gaz naturel anyi propane?"}
    C -- "Eyowa" --> D["Kanga tshiamu tshia gaz tshia ku bianza ne kutangila bungi bua monoxide de carbone"]
    C -- "Tòo" --> E["Kutapulula tshijengu tshia nzembu ku tshiamu tshinene"]
    D --> E
    E --> F["Tshitupa 2: Tangila tshilamba tshia pambelu bua kumona ni kapepe ne bintu bidi bipatuka"]
    F --> G{"Lupepele ludiku ku tshiibi tshia pambelu anyi?"}
    G -- "Kakuyi anyi lupepele lutekete" --> H["Ikala ujadika ditapuluka dia njila misokoka anyi dikanga dijima"]
    G -- "Kapepe kakole" --> I["Tangila tshiamu tshia kupitshila natshi kunyima kua tshiamu"]
    H --> J["Tshitupa 3: Keba muaba udibu bashipe ku diambuluisha dia kamera ka kapia anyi dikonkonona dia muaba wa kuendakana"]
    J --> K{"Dikosolola didi penyi?"}
    K -- "Munda mua tshimanu" --> L["Kangula tshiibi tshia Drywall ne enza muaba wa kulama lupuishi"]
    K -- "Mu Crawlspace anyi mu Attic" --> M["Buela mu tshisasa ne PPE ne tshiamu tshia HEPA tshia bushuwa"]
    L --> N["Tshitupa 4: HEPA udi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu ne umbusha tshiamu tshia mashika"]
    M --> N
    N --> O["Tshitupa 5: Ela bintu bidi biumusha luya ne tshiamu tshiume tshidi muinshi mua 15 pa lukama tshia luya"]
    O --> P["Tshitupa 6: Kulongolola tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku"]
    P --> Q["Tshitupa 7: Tangila lubilu lua lupepele ne pingaja bukole ku tshiamu"]

Fizike wa tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba ne dishintuluka dia tshisokomenu¶

Kujingulula mushindu udi tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshienda ne kapepe kudi kuleja bua tshinyi dikosolola dia luya didi dinyangakaja lukasa. Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi tshienza mudimu bu pompe wa kapia kakole ne tshintu tshidi tshienda ne kapepe. Tshiamu etshi tshidi tshikoka kapepe ka mu nzubu, katshikoka ku diambuluisha dia tshintu tshidi tshikanda nzembu anyi ku diambuluisha dia lubimbi lua kapia ka gaz too ne ku luya lua pankatshi pa 50 ne 75 degre Celsius (122 too ne ku 167 degre Fahrenheit), ne tshikoka kupitshila ku tshintu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka. Padi kapepe ka kapia kapita mu bilamba bitoka, kadi kakuata luya lua mayi, luvuija kapepe ka mayi.

Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshienza mudimu muimpe wa luya, tshienza bua kapepe kadi ne luya kapatuke kupitshila ku tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Mu nsombelu wa pa tshibidilu, luya elu lua kapia ne lua mashika ludi lupita mu tshina tshia tshiamu tshia 102-millimetre (4-inch) tshidi tshilengeja ne tshikanga too ne ku tshiibi tshia pambelu tshidi tshijika pambelu pa nzubu. Lupepele ludi lupatuka ludi ne mionji ya bilamba mikese, bitupa bia nsuki, ne bintu bidi bishala bia bintu bia kusukula nabi bilamba. Padi tshina tshia luya tshikale tshimpe, lubilu lua lupepele ludi luenda luya ne bintu ebi bidi bimane pambelu.

Padi tshitupa tshia mubidi tshipatuka munda mua tshina tshisokoka, tshienzedi tshia luya tshidi tshishintuluka diakamue. Bukole buimpe budi bupatuka kudi tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu budi bupatuka buludiludi mu tshimanu tshidi katshiyi ne bukole anyi muaba udibu benda. Lupepele lua kapia, ludi luenda luvula ludi lutangalaka mu bipese bia mabue, mu bipese bia mabaya, ne mu bipese bia panshi, lukeba njila idi kayiyi ne bukole bua bungi. Bu mudi miaba ya nzubu mibuikila kudi bintu bu mudi drywall, fibreglass insulation, ne dimensional lumber, lupepele lua kapia ludi ne luya ludi luenda lukola lukasa padilu lupetangana ne bintu bia nzubu bia mashika.

Padi luya lua kapepe lupueka muinshi mua tshipiminu tshia luya, ludi lutamba kuenzeka pankatshi pa 35 ne 45 degre Celsius (95 to ne 113 degre Fahrenheit) mu misulu ya luya lua kapepe ludi lupingana mu mayi. Dishintuluka dia tshitupa etshi didi diteka mayi a mu mayi buludiludi pa mabaya, pa panshi, pa nkamba ya nzembu, ne pa tshimanu tshia nzubu. Dîku didi ne bintu binayi bia kusukula nabi bilamba ku ndekelu kua lumingu didi mua kupatula litre 8 to ne ku 16 (2.1 to ne 4.2 gallons) ya mayi munda mua bimanu biabu. Mvula wa mayi udi ukumbaja bintu bia mu nzubu kayi wenza tshina nansha tshimue panshi mu nzubu wa disukuila bilamba.

Kujingulula bilumbu bisokoka: bintu bia mudimu bia kujingulula nabi ne bimanyinu bia lungenyi¶

Kupeta tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshisokoka kudi kulomba kusangila dimona dia bintu ne biamu bia diagnostic bidi kabiyi binyangakaja. Bu mudi milonda ya luya ipitshila mu bimanu bia munda, mu bimanu bia mu tshikuku, mu miaba ya panshi, ne mu miaba ya mîdima, kuleja muaba udi munyanguke kakuyi kubutula bitupa binene bia tshimanu tshiume tshidi tshijika kudi kusungila dîba. Dilongolola dia bilumbu didi dituadija ne dikonkonona dia malu adi kaayi makane padibu benza mudimu wa disukula bilamba.

Tshimanyinu tshia kumpala tshia mudimu wa dikosa dia tshiamu tshia nzembu ntshia divulangana dinene dia bule bua tshikondo tshia diuma. Padi tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapepe tshipatuka munda mua tshina tshikanga, bukole budi buenda buvula lukasa padi tshina tshiuwula ne kapepe ka bukole. Tshipepele etshi tshidi tshipangisha tshiamu tshia lupepele, tshikepesha bungi bua kapepe kadi kapitshila mu tshibombi tshia bilamba. Lupepele lutoke ludi lupingana anyi lujika, lushiya bilamba bitoka kunyima kua minite 40 ya dienza dia mudimu. Shi tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi tshivua tshiyumishe bilamba mu minite 45 tshilomba minite 90 too ne ku 120 mu tshimpitshimpi, njila wa dipatuka dia kapepe udi mua kuikala mukanga bikole anyi mupatuke.

Bimanyinu bia mu lungenyi bidi bifila bilejilu bishilangane bia muaba udi ditapuluka. Bantu badi mu nzubu batu misangu ya bungi baleja mudibu bumvua luya lua bungi mu nzubu idi pabuipi ne nzubu wa disukuila bilamba anyi mu njila wa tshina tshia mâyi. Kulenga bintu bia munda bia drywall kudi mua kuleja miaba idi ne kapia kakole pa mutu pa tshiamu tshidi tshipatuke. Mu tshikondo tshia mashika, luya ludi mua kuikala pa madidishi a munda, pa biamu bia lumuenu, anyi pa bimanu bia pambelu bia nzubu ya bulalu idi pabuipi. Dinunkila dia pa buadi dia tshintu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi tshishala mu tshisasa, mu nzubu wa bulalu anyi muaba wa tshilala benyi didi dileja ne: luya ludi lupatuka.

Biamu bia mudimu bidi kabiyi binyangakaja bidi biambuluisha bua kulonda bimpe tshitupa tshia mubidi tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja. Tshiamu tshia foto tshia infra-rouge tshidi tshitangila kumpala ntshiamu tshia mudimu tshimpe tshia kupeta muaba udi kapepe ka luya kasokome panyima pa tshimanu tshiume anyi tshia plaster. Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu pa kapia kakole munkatshi mua minite 10 kudi kuenza bua kapia kakole kakole mu njila wa tshina. Tshiamu tshia foto tshia kapia tshidi tshileja luya lua kapia ludi lupatuka pambelu pa muaba wa ditapuluka, lutokesha muaba menemene uvua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshipatuke. Bintu bidi ne luya bidi bimueneka bu bimanyinu bia jaune ne bikunze pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia violet tshia bimanu bia pa tshibidilu.

Njiwu ya kapia ya disangisha dia bintu bisokoka¶

Tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja munda mua tshimanu anyi muaba wa tshisokomenu tshidi tshikudimuna tshina tshidi tshikanga tshilue tshintu tshia kapia tshikole. Tshilamba tshia kusukula natshi bilamba ntshienza ne mionji ya selulose mikese idi mipatuke mu bilamba bia tshilamba tshia butoke, misambakaja ne mionji ya polymère ya tshiamu tshia mitaku mifumina ku bilamba bia polyester, nylon ne elastane. Tshintu etshi tshidi ne tshipiminu tshia bunene bua pa mutu ne bujitu, tshidi tshitshivuija umue wa ku mafuta adi mua kutema bipepele adibu bapeta mu dibaka dia nzubu.

Mudimu wa kapia ka tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu udi wenza bua ikale ne njiwu mu miaba misokoka. Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne luya lua munkatshi mua 260 ne 315 degrés Celsius (500 ne 600 degrés Fahrenheit), kadi tshidi mua kutemesha paditshi tshipetangana ne bintu bia kapia bidi bienza mudimu ku luya lukese menemene. Padibu bapeta kapia ka nzembu anyi kapia ka kapia, tshilamba tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshitema diakamue, tshileja lubilu lua kapia ludi lupita 1,5 metre ku sekonde (300 feet ku minite). Mu tshina tshia tshimanu tshikanga, bitupa bikese bia lint bidi bisomba pa bintu bidi bitangalake, bienza bilamba bia tinder bidi bibuejakaja nzubu ne bintu bia nzembu.

Bintu bia nzembu bisokoka bidi bileja tshintu tshidi tshitamba kufila kapia bua lint udi ne luya. Bimanu bia nzubu bidi ne nkamba ya nzembu idi kayiyi ya tshiamu, bibombi bia plastique, biamu bia kuenza nabi mudimu ne biamu bia kutokesha nabi. Muelelu wa nzembu udi upitshila mu njila ya matamba udi upatula kapia kakole, nangananga mu njila ya 15-amp ne 20-amp idi ne bujitu bua bungi. Shi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne bipese bia tshiamu tshia nzembu bidi binyanguke, biamu bia kuela nabi nzembu bidi binyanguke, anyi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikese, luya lua mudimu ludi mua kupita bipepele 100 degrés Celsius (212 degrés Fahrenheit). Padi bintu bidi mua kuosha bibuikila bibombi ebi bia nzembu bidi ne kapia, tshintu tshidi tshikuba kapia tshidi tshipangisha dijimija dia kapia, ne tshidi tshifikisha ku dipatuka dia kapia ne ku dijima dia kapia.

Dibutuka dia kapia munda mua tshimanu didi ne budimu bua bungi bualu didi mua kushala kadiyi dimueneka munkatshi mua mêba a bungi. Nsombelu wa oxygène mukese munda mua tshiibi tshikanga udi wenza bua lint ne tshibumba tshia mabaya bipatuke bitekete bitekete kabiyi bipatula kapia kakole anyi muishi mufike wa dikema. Dibutuka edi didi dipatula bungi bua monoxide de carbone ne hydrocarbures toxiques idi ibuela mu miaba ya kusombela. Shi muena njibo utapa tshimanu bua kulonga, nansha shi tshibuelelu tshia nzubu tshidi tshilekela kapepe kimpe kabuela, luya lua tshimpitshimpi lua oxygène ludi luenza bua kapepe kapatuke diakamue. Mudilu wa kapia wakapatuka mu kapia, kutemesha mabaya maume ne kutangalaja kapia muulu kupitshila ku bimanu bivua bimana too ne mu nzubu ya kuulu mu minite mikese.

Dinyanguka dia luya lua nzubu ne dikola dia bikunyibua¶

Nansha mudi lint wenza njiwu mikole ya kapia, bungi bunene bua luya lua mayi ludi lunyanga nzubu. Bintu bia kuibaka nabi nzubu bidi bilama buobumue bua luya ne kapepe ka mu nzubu, kadi katamba kuikala pankatshi pa 8 ne 12 pa lukama lua luya lua mitshi. Padi tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja tshiela litre ya mayi mu tshimanu tshikanga anyi muaba wa tshilala benyi dituku dionso, luya lua munda mua microclimate ludi lushala pabuipi ne 100 pa lukama. Bintu bia kuibaka nabi nzubu bidi bikuata luya elu ne lukuka ku diambuluisha dia tshienzedi tshia kapila ne dikuata dia luya.

Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia fibre de verre ne tshiamu tshia loose-fill cellulose tshidi tshinyanguka diakamue paditshi tshipatuka mu tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu. Mionji ya fibre de verre kayena ipeta mayi buludiludi to, kadi tshintu tshikole tshidi tshienza bu tshiponji tshia mubidi, tshikuata galon ya mayi makole pankatshi pa mionji ya verre. Padi mayi awuja miaba idi kayiyi ne luya, tshintu tshidi tshikuba kapepe tshidi tshijimija too ne ku 90 pa lukama tshia bukole buatshi bua kukanda kapia. Tshintu tshidi tshibuikila mâyi tshidi tshikuluka panshi ku bujitu buatshi nkayatshi, tshienda tshikola tshilua tshintu tshiume kuinshi kua tshina tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Tshintu etshi tshidi tshiuwule tente ne mâyi tshidi tshilama mâyi buludiludi ku mabeji a kuinshi, ku tshilamba tshia panshi, ne ku mabeji a ku tshishimikidi munkatshi mua ngondo ya bungi.

Mabaya a mu nzubu adi atuadija kubola padi bungi bua mâyi adimu ashala a bungi. Bishi bidi bibola mu mitshi, bu mudi: brown rot, white rot, ne wet rot species, bidi bikengela malu asatu bua kuikala ne mabaya a nzubu: oxygène, luya lukole, ne bungi bua mâyi adi mu mitshi adi mapite pa 20 pa lukama. Tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshifila muaba muimpe, tshidi tshifila luya ne luya lua kashidi. Ma hyphae a fungus adi abuela mu tshitupa tshia selile ya Douglas fir, pine, ne engineered wood joists, atshibula cellulose ne lignine. Bimanu bia nzubu bidi bijimija bukole bua dikuma, bimanu bia panshi bidi binyanguka, ne mabaya a muinshi mua panshi adi anyanguka, bifikisha panshi ku dienza bu tshiponji ne ku dinyanguka dia nzubu.

Divulangana dia bintu bikese didi dituadija mu meba 24 too ne ku 48 kunyima kua dibueja dia luya. Bishi bia mishindu ya mishindu bu mudi Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, ne Chaetomium bidi miaba yonso mu lupepele lua pabuipi ne bidi bibuela mu bintu bia kuibaka nabi nzubu bidi ne mâyi diakamue. Bikala luya lushala matuku mapite pa muanda mutekete, bikunyibua bidi bikola bitekete bitekete, kusangisha ne Stachybotrys chartarum, bidi bikola pa bintu bia selulose bidi ne luya. Bintu ebi bidi bipatuisha mycotoxins ne bipupu bia bungi bidi mua kukebesha lutatu lua mupuya, disama dia allergie, tshifu tshidi katshiyi tshijika, ne disama dia sinus dia kashidi munkatshi mua bantu badi mu nzubu.

Mashini a kuyumisha bilamba a gaz: monoxide de carbone ne protocole wa njiwu ya kapia¶

Biamu bia kuyumisha nabi bilamba bidi bienza mudimu ne gaz bidi bifila njiwu ya lufu padi tshina tshia luya tshitapuluka munda mua bintu bidi ne muoyo. Bishilangane na biamu bia kuyumija nabi bintu bidi bimanyine anu pa biamu bia kuosha nabi kapia, biamu bia kuyumija nabi bintu bia gaz bidi biosha gaz naturel anyi gaz wa petrole bua kupatula bukole bua kapia. Mudimu wa kuosha udi ujimija oxygène wa mu nzubu ne upatula luya lua kapia ludi ne dioxyde de carbone, luya lua mayi, oxide ya azote, ne monoxide de carbone. Mu dilongolola dia bintu bilondeshile mikenji, tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bintu tshidi ne mudimu ibidi: kupatula luya lua mu bilamba ne kupatula bintu bidi bifumina ku kapia bimpe pambelu pa nzubu.

Padi tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya tshipatuka, luya elu lua kapia ludi lupatuka buludiludi mu tshina tshia munda. Monoxide de carbone i luya ludi kaluyi ne dikala, kaluyi ne mupuya, ne kaluyi ne dipembu, ne bujitu bua molecule budi bupuekele kakese kupita kapepe kadi pabuipi. Udi utangalaka mu budishikaminyi mu bimanu biume, mu bimanu bia munda mutupu, ne mu bimanu bia ku plafond. Kupuya kapepe ka carbone kudi kulamakaja hemoglobine wa mu mashi ne bukole bua misangu mitue ku 200 kupita oxygène, ne kuenza carboxyhemoglobine. Dipetangana edi didi dipangisha buongo bua oxygène, difikisha ku dipanga dia oxygène mu selile, dinyanguka dia mitu didi kadiyi mua kupingana ne lufu.

Bimanyinu bia kumpala bia disama dia monoxide de carbone bidi bifuanangana ne masama a virus adi atamba kuenzeka, bienza bua se: dimanya dia muntu anu ku diumvua dia mubidi dikale dia njiwu. Bantu badi mu mashinyi badi ne bintu bikese batu batamba kupeta mutu usama ku mpala, tshiji, ditshioka, disama dia mutshima, dipanga dia mupuya, ne dipanga dia kumona. Padi bungi bua monoxide de carbone buenda buvula, bantu badibu bakengesha badi bakenga ne dipanga dia lungenyi, dipanga dia makanda a mubidi, dijimija dia lungenyi, disama dia mutshima ne dipanga dia mupuya. Bantu badi balala badi mua kufua ku lufu lua monoxide de carbone kabayi banji kujuka to.

Mikenji ya bukubi bua muoyo ya lukasa idi ne tshia kuikala ne mushinga wa bungi kupita dilama dia bintu padibu bela meji ne: tshiamu tshia kuumija natshi gaz tshidi tshipatuka mu mashinyi. Biamu bionso bia mu nzubu bidi bienza mudimu ne gaz bidi ne tshia kuikala ne biamu bia alarme bia monoxide de carbone bidi bienza mudimu ne batterie biteka pambelu pa muaba wonso wa kulala ne pa tshibandilu tshionso tshia nzubu. Shi alarme udila, nansha shi bantu badi mu njibo bapeta biyukeno bya mutu usama ne mutwe padi nzubu wa kusukula bilamba wenda, badi ne tshia kupatuka mu nzubu diakamue.

Kuimana bua kunzulula madidishi, kujima biamu bia nzembu anyi kuangata bintu biebe wewe mumone luya lua gaz anyi monoxide de carbone to. Biamu bia nzembu, ngonga ya ku tshiibi, ne telefone ya ku bianza bidi mua kupatula tu-mashinyi tukese tua nzembu tudi mua kutemesha mu mifuku ya gaz concentré. Umbusha bantu bonso ne bimuna bia mu nzubu muaba wa pambelu udi ku mutu kua nzubu. Paudi upatuka pambelu bimpe, bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) ne manyisha kumpanyi wa gaz bua kutuma bantu badi mua kuambuluisha mu njiwu badi ne biamu bia kupima nabi gaz wa mu lupepele.

Bimanyinu bia disama mu miaba yonso ya nzubu¶

Muaba udi tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja udi uleja tshimanyinu tshia disama ne mushindu wa dinyanguka dia mubidi. Nzubu itu ilombola milonda ya luya mu bitupa bia nzubu bishilangane bilondeshela ni nzubu wa disukula bilamba udi pa tshisasa tshia kuulu, pa dibue dia panshi anyi pa mutu pa muaba wa tshilala benyi. Kumanya mushindu kampanda wa dinyanguka kudi kulomba kumvua mushindu udi kapia, luya ne luya bienza mudimu mu nzubu yonso wa pa buende.

Bimanu bia munda bidi bisokoka milonda idi mimane ne mipuekele idi pankatshi pa mabaya. Padi tshitupa tshitapuluka munda mua tshimanu tshidi tshiimana, luya ludi lupatuka ludi lubanda ku diambuluisha dia buoyancy wa pa tshibidilu, luwuja tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia tshina tshia tshimanu. Butoke budi busangisha kuinshi kua tshimanu tshia kuulu, buenda buenda mu bimanu bia ku plafond. Lint udi udisangisha pa bimanu bia kapia bia nkunyi ne udi ubuikila nshinga ya nzembu. Bimanyinu bia pambelu bidi ne bipupu bia pa tshimanu, dipembu dia tshimanu tshia kuinshi, ne tshimanu tshia kapia tshidi tshimueneka ku dilenga.

Bibambalu bia panshi bidi ne miaba ya kusokomena idi mua kuabanya kapepe kadi kapatuka mu bitupa binene bia panshi. Mu nzubu ya bisasa bibidi mudi nzubu ya kuowela bilamba mikale pa tshisasa tshia kuulu, milonda ya luya itu misangu ya bungi ipita pankatshi pa bimanu bia panshi kumpala kua kujikabi ku tshimanu tshia pambelu. Shi tshianza tshikoka muaba ewu, lupepele ludi lupatuka ludi luwuja miaba ya bungi ya joist. Tshilamba tshia muinshi mua buloba tshidi tshikuata mâyi adi makole, tshienza bua mabaya makole adi pa mutu ikale ajika, akuata, ne enza mutoyi mukole muinshi mua makasa. Ma plafond a drywall adi panshi adi afila mabala a mayi, mabala matekete, ne bipese bia tshijengu bidi binyunguluke miendu ya plafond.

Miaba ya tshipepele idi ne kapepe ne idi kayiyi ne kapepe idi yenza nzubu ya mâyi idi muinshi mua buloba padi milonda ya kapepe ipatuka muinshi mua buloba. Mu miaba idi ne luya, luya lua pambelu ludi mua kukepesha ndambu wa luya mu ngondo ya mashika ya mu muvu wa été, kadi mu tshikondo tshia mashika tshia mu muvu wa mashika, luya lua mashika ludi lupatuka ludi luenda lukola lukasa ku bimanu bia tshishimikidi tshia beton ne ku mabaya a muinshi mua buloba. Mu miaba mibuikila, kayiyi ne kapepe, tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja tshidi tshipita lukasa biamu bia diumusha luya, tshikudimuna muaba udibu basuike bua kulua terrarium wa luya ne wa luya. Bipese bia tshiamu tshia fibre de verre bidi bikuluka, bipese bia mâyi bidi pa buloba bidi bikuba luya, ne mupuya mubi udi ubuela mu biamu bia panshi ke bidi bileja dipanga edi.

Njila ya kuulu idi misangu ya bungi mu nzubu ya tshisasa tshimue mudi milonda ya luya idi ipita mu plafond ne ipita mu nzubu wa kuulu udi kayi ne tshintu tshidi tshilengeja too ne ku tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu anyi ku tshibuelelu tshia luya. Dikosolola dia nzubu wa kuulu didi dipatula luya buludiludi mu tshibuikidiji tshia nzubu wa kuulu, bifuanangana ne bimanyinu bia dipatuka dia mâyi dikole dia kuulu anyi mvula wa mu nzubu wa muulu wa mu muvu wa mashika. Bipese binene bia tshilamba tshitoke ne tshikunze tshidi tshibuikila tshilamba tshia kuulu, tshifuanangane ne neje ya tshiamu. Mu mashika a mu muvu wa mashika, luya lua mu mashika ludi lufika kuinshi kua tshilamba tshia kuulu tshia plywood bu mashika makole, adi pashishe anyanguka mu mêba a munya adi mashika, apuekesha mâyi pa tshilamba tshia ku nzubu wa tshilala benyi mujima.

Ditapulula dia tshimpitshimpi ne dilama dia tshina¶

Kulongolola tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja kudi kulomba dikuba dia nzubu ku bukoya bukuabu. Kuenda lubilu bua kubutula tshimanu tshinyanguke anyi kukoka tshiamu tshia mitaku kakuyi tshintu tshia kukanga kudi kuabanya miliyo ya tuishi tua nkunde ne tuishi tukese tua lupuishi mu nzubu mujima. Kuteka mikenji mimpe ya malu a enzenjiere kudi kuenza bua njiwu ishale anu muaba udibu mua kulongolola diakamue.

Tuanji kusungula njila ya nzembu idi ifila bintu bia kusukula nabi bilamba ne bintu bionso bia kutokesha nabi anyi bia kuenza nabi mudimu bidi mu tshimanu tshidi tshinyanguke. Jima biamu bia mudimu bidi bikumbane ku tshiamu tshinene tshia diabanya. Kanga tshiibi tshia panneau anyi teka tshilamba tshia didimuija tshidi tshimueneka bimpe pa biamu bia kukanga nabi bua kupangisha bantu bakuabu badi mu nzubu bua kupingaja nzembu ku mpukapuka. Biamu bia kuowela nabi mafuta bidi ne tshia kuikala ne tshiamu tshiabu tshia kukanga natshi mafuta, ne tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia mudimu tshipatula ku tshimanu. Tangila ni bukole buonso bua tshiamu budi bujika ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshikuata kumpala kua kulenga bintu bia tshiamu.

Teka tshibumba tshimpe tshia lupuishi ne tshia dikuba bua kutapulula muaba wa mudimu wa dilongolola ne miaba ya kusombela idi pabuipi. Kanga biibi bidi bibuela mu nzubu wa disukuila bilamba ne tshilamba tshia 6-mil tshikole tshia polyéthylene tshilamakaja bimpe ku tshiibi ne tshilamba tshia kujika natshi tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka kudi muenji wa bilamba. Bua miaba minene anyi miaba ya kubuela mu tshisasa, teka tshiibi tshia mushinga tshidi tshikuba lupuishi bua kumona mua kubuela ne kupatuka bimpe kuyi upatula lupuishi lua mu lupepele. Buikila tshiamu tshia HVAC tshia mu nzubu wa kuowela bilamba ne tshiamu tshia plastique ne bibuikidiji bia magnétique bua kupangisha tshiamu tshia munkatshi tshia dilombola dia kapepe bua kuendakana ne tuishi tua nkunde mu nzubu mujima.

Teka tshipepele tshibi munda mua tshiibi tshia tshiibi dîba dionso didiku dikola dia bikunyibua anyi dinyanguka dia bungi dia nsuki. Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi kapepe tshia mu midimu tshidi ne tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi kapepe ka mu bitupa bisatu, tshidi tshifika ku tshisukudilu tshia kapepe ka High-Efficiency Particulate (HEPA), tshidi tshikoka kapepe ka mu nzubu, tshikuata 99,97 pa lukama ya kapepe too ne ku 0,3 microns, ne tshipatula kapepe kalengeja pambelu ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia ku madidishi tshia tshitupa tshîpi. Padibu batungunuka ne kupatula kapepe pambelu, nzubu udi ulama tshipepele tshibi tshikese pa kumona nzubu mujima, bienza bua se: kapepe konso kadi kapatuka kaye munda pamutu pa kutuma bintu bidi binyanguka mu miaba mimpe ya kusombela.

Vwala bintu bia kudikuba nabi kumpala kua wewe kukangula miaba misokoka anyi kuenza mudimu ne bintu bidi ne bukoya. Vwala tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia N95 anyi P100 tshidi ne tshitupa tshia tshilamba tshia mpala tshidi tshilongolola bimpe bua kusukula bipupu bidi mu lupepele, mycotoxines, ne bitupa bia nsuki. Lama meso eba na makalashi adi kaayi ne luya bua kuepuka tshiji tshia bintu bidi mu lupepele. Vwala nitrile mule anyi bifulu bia mudimu bua kukuba bianza ku mishiku ya tshiamu tshia mitaku, ku misonso ya tshiamu tshia mitaku, ne ku bintu bidi binyanguka. Bua kubuela mu tshibandabanda anyi bua kulongolola bikunyibua, uvuale bilamba bia polypropylene bidi ne tshilamba tshia ku mutu ne tshilamba tshia ku makasa.

Diumusha dia nsuki ne diumusha dia bukoya mu tshina¶

Padibu bamane kuenza mudimu ne bintu bia kudikuba nabi, dipatula dia bintu bidi bibuela mu miaba misokome ke bualu bua kumpala budibu ne bua kuenza. Biamu bia kusukula nabi bintu bia mu nzubu anyi bia kusukula nabi bintu bia mu nzubu wa mudimu kabiena ne bua kuenza mudimu nansha kakese bua mudimu eu to. Biamu bia kale bia kupatula nabi kapepe bidi bianyishila tuishi tukese tua mupuya ne tuishi tukese tua mupuya bua kupitshila buludiludi mu tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi luya, bibueja matutu a bungi a lupuishi ludi mua kupuyakana mu nzubu. Tshintu tshiume tshidi tshienda lubilu lukole tshidi tshipita mu tu-mashini tua mu tshisalu tshia plastique tshidi tshipatula nzembu ya bukole idi kayiyi ishintuluka, idi mua kutemesha ne kutemesha kapia mu tshiamu tshia kusangisha natshi bintu.

Ingidija tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi luya tshidi tshijadika bua kukumbaja mikenji ya HEPA, tshidi ne tshibombi tshikanga tshidi tshienza bua kapepe konso kapite mu tshiamu tshia HEPA kumpala kua kupatuka. Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia nzembu adi ne mionji ya karbone idi kayiyi ishintuluka adi ajikija dibuela dia nzembu didi kadiyi dienda padibu bumbusha nsuki. Teka mu tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshienda, tshidi ne tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshipepele bua kufika mu miaba mikole idi pankatshi pa bimanu ne pabuipi ne mionji ya nzembu kuyi utapa tshiamu tshia nzembu.

Enza mudimu mu bulongame kumbukila ku mutu kua tshina tshia tshimanu too ne panshi, ulonda mikenji ya dilengeja dia bukoya. Upuekesha bimpe bilamba bia nsuki bidi bilamakaja ku nseke ya mabaya adi mimane, nkamba ya nzembu idi kayiyi ya tshiamu, milonda ya mâyi ne bibombi bia tshiamu. Epuka dikosa dia bukole ku nshinga ya nzembu bua kuepuka dinyanguka dia nshinga ya kale idi kayiyi inyanguka. Shi bintu bya mupuya byadi mutangile pa bintu bya kutokeja bya munda nansha pa bibombi bya ku plafond, ela aspirateur ne dipuekesha dia bupole, ikala ujadika ni kakuena bipese bishala mu bipese bia nzubu wa terminal to.

Paudi usukula miaba ya tshilala benyi anyi miaba idi panshi, umbusha bintu bidi pa mutu pa tshilamba tshia panshi tshidi tshikuba luya, pa milonda ya mâyi ne pa tshishimikidi tshia nzubu. Mashinyi makola adi ne tshia kuikala mavunguluke bimpe ku bianza padibu bavuale bifulu bia bianza, malengeja kakese ne mayi malenga a mu mulondo wa dipembuisha bua kupangisha dienza dia fibre mu lupepele, ne mateka buludiludi mu mifuku ya bukoya ya 3-mil ya bena mudimu. Kuena ne bua kunyunguluka anyi kunyungisha bilamba biume bia lint to, bualu dienda dia bukole didi dienza bua binunu bia mionji idi mua kupuyakana ne spores ya fungus idi kayiyi yenza mudimu.

Udi mua kuondopa tshibumba tshidi tshimueneka patoke ne tshintu tshia dishipa natshi masama tshidi tshifunda kudi EPA panyima pa wewe mumane kumbusha bintu bionso bidi bimueneka. Sungula tshiamu tshia quaternaire tshia ammonium anyi tshia thymol tshia mu mitshi tshidibu bafunde bua kuondopa natshi bikunyibua. Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia chlore tshia mu nzubu pa mabaya a nzubu to. Tshiamu tshia chlore tshidi ne mayi matue ku 90 pa lukama, ne molecule yende ya chlore kayena mua kubuela mu mitshi idi ne tusoso to. Chlore udi unyanguka lukasa mu lupepele, ushiya mayi mu mutshi, adi mua kukolesha dikola dia bishi.

Tshibumba tshiuwule tente ne mishindu ya kuyumisha panshi¶

Kumbusha bintu bidi ne mayi ne kupatula nsuki kudi kuleja tshitupa tshia nzubu tshidi ne mayi. Bintu bia kuibaka nabi nzubu ne bintu bia kuibaka nabi bidi bishala bidi ne tshia kuyumibua lukasa bua kuimanyika dibola dia fungus ne kupangisha dibutuka dia tuishi tua mubidi. Kuteka kapia nkayaku kakuyi dipatula dia luya kudi mua kukudimuna anu nzubu mukanga bua kulua tshiamu tshia luya lua bungi, ne kuenza bua bikunyibua bivule lukasa. Mikenji ya diyumisha dia psychrometric ya mudimu idi ne tshia kutumikidibua bua kufika ku tshipiminu tshia luya luakane.

Tshiamu tshia fibre de verre tshidi tshiuwule tente katshiena mua kusungidibua to, ne tshidi ne bua kupatuka ne kutshiela panshi diakamue. Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia mitaku adi ajimija bua kashidi bintu biawu bia kulamakaja nabi, adi akuluka kakuyi mushindu wa kupingana, ne adi alama mâyi ku tshibumba munkatshi mua ngondo ya bungi pikalawu makanga. Kosa bimanu bia tshimanu tshiume too ne ku mulongo mutoke udi mutangile ku 450 too ne ku 600 millimètres (18 too ne ku 24 inches) pa mutu pa tshimanyishilu tshia mayi tshidi tshimueneka anyi tshinyangu tshia luya. Wenza mudimu ne muele wa mudimu anyi tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia bungi tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka mu buondoke bua kuepuka dikosa dia nshinga ya nzembu misokoka anyi ya njila ya mâyi idi ipitshila mu bitupa bia nshinga. Ela tshimanu tshiume ne tshiamu tshia kukuba natshi bintu buludiludi mu mifuku ya bena mudimu munda mua tshibumba tshia tshibuelelu.

Ela tshiamu tshia Low-Grain Refrigerant (LGR) mu nzubu wa dilengeja dia bintu. Biamu bia LGR bidi bienza bua kutungunuka ne kukoka luya lua mayi mu lupepele nansha padi luya lua mu nzubu lupueka muinshi mua 40 pa lukama, bipuekesha luya lua munda mua nzubu too ne ku tshipiminu tshidi tshikoka luya lua munda menemene mu mabaya manene. Teka tshiamu tshia dehumidifier bua kuenza mudimu katupa kîpi, utuma tshiamu tshiatshi tshia dipatuila mâyi ku tshiamu tshia plomberie anyi ku tshina tshia mâyi tshidi pabuipi apu. Tshipatshila tshia muaba udibu basombele ntshia kulama luya lua mu nzubu pankatshi pa 30 ne 40 pa lukama mu tshikondo tshionso tshia diuma.

Teka bintu bia luya lua lubilu lua bungi bua kuendesha lupepele lumuma pa mabaya a nzubu adi ne mâyi. Biamu bia lupepele bidi bikosa tshitupa tshikese tshia luya lukole ludi pa mutu pa mutshi mutoke, bipingaja lupepele lua kapia ne lumuma lua mu tshiamu tshia diumusha luya. Tangila lupepele ludi luenda mu tshitupa tshia 45 degrés ku tshimanu tshidi tshipatuka bua kuenza tshimfuanyi tshia lupepele lua tshijengu mu nzubu. Mu miaba ya tshilala benyi, bandisha bintu bidi bienda ne kapepe pa mabaya anyi ubikuate bimpe ku mabaya bua kubenga kusambakena ne mâyi anyi buloba buume. Ikala mushindike ne: bintu bidi bienda kapepe bidi bienza mudimu anu panyima pa dikola dia bikunyibua bidi bimueneka ne diumusha dia nsuki idi mipatuke, bua kupangisha dikola dia bikunyibua.

Tangila mushindu udi diyumisha dia bintu dienda dikola ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia kupima natshi luya tshia mutshi tshidi ne tshiamu tshia pin anyi tshidi katshiyi ne tshiamu tshia pin. Pima bungi bua luya mu miaba mimanyike pa bimanu bidi binyanguke, pa mabeji a kuinshi, ne pa tshilamba tshia muinshi mua buloba kunyima kua mêba 24 onso, ufunda bungi bua bintu bidibu babala mu mukanda wa diuma. Angata difuanyikija dia tshibangidilu tshia dibala dia bintu bidi kabiyi binyanguke mu nzubu muume ne wa kule wa ku nzubu. Bungi bua mayi a mutshi budi bufumina ku 8 too ne ku 12 pa lukama mu miaba ya munda milongolola bimpe.

Midimu ya kuyumisha idi ne tshia kutungunuka kayi ne lutatu too ne padi bungi bua mâyi mu bitupa bionso bia nzubu bupueka muinshi mua 15 pa lukama, ne tshipatshila tshimpe tshia 12 pa lukama. Kuedi lubilu bua kupingaja tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi nzubu anyi kukanga bimanu ne tshiamu tshipiatshipia tshia drywall padi bungi bua mâyi a mu tshibumba bupita pa 16 pa lukama. Kulama luya ludi lushala kunyima kua bimanu bipiabipia bia luya anyi tshimanu tshiume nekujule dikola dia kabidi dia bikunyibua, ne kufikisha ku dibuela dia bikunyibua bisokoka ne dibutula dia bintu bia mushinga mukole.

Mikenji ya luibaku bua tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi luya¶

Kuibakulula tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi luya tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja kudi kulomba kutumikila bikole mikenji ya lelu ya malu a nzubu. Mu ditunga dia États-Unis ne Canada, mikenji ya buloba bujima idi itangila nzubu ya bantu (IRC Section M1502) ne mikenji ya buloba bujima idi itangila malu a mashinyi (IMC Section 504) idi iteka mikenji misunguluke ya bukubi bua muoyo idi itangila dienza dia tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba. Mikenji eyi ki mmibelu ya patupu to; badi baleja midimu ya mushinga mukole ya malu a enzenji mienza bua kuepuka kapia ka mu nzubu ne dinyanguka dia monoxide de carbone.

Mukenji wa nshindamenu udi ulomba ne: biamu bia kupatula nabi luya bidi ne bua kuikala bienza ne tshiamu tshikole tshidi ne bintu bia munda bimpe. Mishipa ya plastique idi mua kushintuluka, milonda ya vinyl, ne milonda ya mylar foil ya mushindu wa accordion mbikandika patoke mu miaba misokoka, bu mudi bimanu bia munda, miaba ya ku plafond, nzubu ya kuulu ne miaba ya kuendakana. Milonda ya vinyl ne ya tshiamu tshia mitaku idi ifila dikokangana dinene dia munda, idi isangisha bintu bia munda mu milonda yayi, ne kayena ne bukole bua kukandamena kapia to. Shi kapia ka lint katema munda mua tshina tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi munda mua tshimanu, tshilamba tshitekete tshidi tshiosha mu minite mikese kupita ibidi, tshipatula kapia kakole buludiludi mu tshimanu.

Diametre wa tshina udi ne tshia kuikala 102 millimètres (4 inches) mu luendu luonso, bikumbanangana ne bunene bua tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Milonda kayena ne tshia kuikala mikepeshibue mu diamètre muaba nansha umue mu njila wayi to. Bunene bwa mabeji a tshiamu tshia mitaku budi ne tshia kuikala 0.4 millimètres (0.0157 inches), bidi bipetangana ne 28-gauge anyi 30-gauge galvanized steel anyi code-compliant aluminium piping. Bitupa bidi ne tshia kunyunguluka mu njila udi kapepe kapatuka, mbuena kuamba ne: ndekelu wa tshitupa tshionso tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu udi ne bua kuikala mutangile kuinshi mutangile ku ndekelu kua pambelu.

Mikenji ya dikanga dia bintu idi ne mushinga bua kuepuka dikanga dia nsuki. Mikenji ya luibaku idi ikandika patoke dienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi, anyi bintu bikuabu bidi bibuela mu luya lua munda mua tshina. Bintu bidi bipatuka mu tshimanu tshia tshina bidi bienza mudimu bu biamu bidi bikuata mionji ya lint idi ipona. Mu myeji ya bungi, tshintu tshimue tshidi tshikuata tshidi mua kukola kulua tshintu tshikole tshidi tshikanga kapepe kadi kapatuka mu mashinyi, ne tshidi mua kuenza bua tshiamu tshikale ne kapia kakole anyi tshitupa tshidi tshipatuka. Bitupa bia njila bidi ne tshia kuikala bisangisha ku diambuluisha dia biamu bia kukanga nabi bidi bitabijibua kudi mikenji anyi kukanga ne tshilamba tshia aluminium tshidibu bafunde.

Bulampe bua bungi budibu mua kuitaba bua tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba budi ne mikalu mikole kudi mikenji. Mu 2024 IRC, bule bua tshina tshia luya kabuena ne tshia kupita metre 10,7 (35 feet) bupima kumbukila ku dilamakaja dia tshiamu too ne ku tshibuikidiji tshia pambelu. Padi tshilongo tshia tshina tshienza ne bintu bidi bilombola njila, bidi bikengela kumbusha bitadi ku tshibangidilu etshi tshia metre 10,7 bua kufila tshijadiki tshia dikokangana dia kapepe. Bua 102-millimeter (4-inch) ducting, umbusha 0.76 metres (2.5 feet) bua 45-degree elbow yonso, ne 1.5 metres (5 feet) bua 90-degree long-turn elbow. Shi dienda dia mu tshina didi dilomba bikono bisatu bia 90-degree, bule bua tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi mua kuikala 10.7 metres kumbusha 4.5 metre, ne dishiya dienda dia bululame dia metre 6.2 (20.3 feet).

Tshilamba tshia pambelu tshidi ne tshia kukumbaja mikenji mikole ya bukubi. Milonda ya luya idi ne tshia kujika pambelu pa nzubu ne kayena ne bua kupatuka mu nzubu wa kuulu, muaba wa tshilala benyi, mu garage, mu soffit anyi mu tshina tshia kapia to. Tshibuikidiji tshia luya tshidi ne tshia kuikala ne tshintu tshidi tshienza mudimu, tshidi tshienza mudimu ne bukole budi bukokela bintu panshi tshidi tshiunzuluka padi tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi tshienza mudimu ne tshijika padi tshiamu tshiimana, tshipangisha bishi bua kubuela ne mashika adi apueka. Bilamba, tshiamu tshia nzembu, anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu mbikandika bikole bua kupitshila ku tshibuelelu tshia pambelu. Kuteka tshilamba pa mutu pa tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu kudi kukanga miosa ku tshilamba, kukanga tshipepele tshionso mu mbingu mikese.

Dilongolola dia njila ne disangisha dia tshiamu¶

Kulongolola tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshikose anyi tshinyanguke kudi kulomba bintu bia mushinga mukole ne mishindu mimpe ya kusangisha bintu. Kutetshi bua kulongolola tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja pa kuela anu bitupa bidi bitapuluke pamue anyi kuela tshilamba tshia nsongo tshia pa tshibidilu pa tshitupa tshidi tshisokoka. Tshilamba tshia pa tshibidilu tshidi tshiuma, tshijimija dilamatangana diatshi bua tshipupu tshia luya, ne tshinyanguka mu ngondo mikese. Londa malu aa bua kuenza tshiamu tshia kashidi tshidi tshilonda mikenji.

Tuadija ne kumbusha bintu bionso bidiku bia vinyl anyi bia foil bitekete bidi munda mua tshimanu, muaba wa mabaya, anyi muaba wa kuendakana. Pima ntanta mulelela wa mulongolongo wa kazubu ka disangisha dia tshimanu tshia bilamba too ne ku tshibuelelu tshia tshimanu tshia pambelu, wela meji bua dibandila dia muulu ne dia mutangile. Sumba milonda ya 102-millimetre (4-inch) ya tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi ya aluminium, bipese bia 90-degree bidi mua kushintuluka, biamu bia tshiamu tshia stainless worm-gear hose clamps, ne tshibombi tshia UL 181A-P anyi UL 1818B-FX. Ikala mushindike ne: tshintu tshionso tshidi tshilamakaja tshiamu etshi ne tshilamba tshia ku tshimanu tshidi tshienza ne tshiamu tshia aluminium tshidi katshiyi tshipita bule bua metre 2,4 (8 feet).

Lamakaja pamue bipese bia bule bia bule bua milonda mikole pa muaba mukezuke ne mupepele. Jingulula ne: tshilamba tshia snap-lock tshidi tshilamakaja bimpe mu bule buatshi buonso, tshienza tshintu tshidi tshinyunguluke bimpe ne tshikole. Paudi usangisha milonda ya bule bua bungi, ikala anu wela tshitupa tshia mulume tshia mulonda wa ku mutu mu tshilamba tshia bakaji tshidi tshilengeja tshia mulonda wa kuinshi, uleja muaba udi kapepe kapita. Mushindu ewu udi wenza bua se tshilamba tshia munda tshikale tshimpe mu njila udi kapepe kaenda, tshipangisha mionji ya lint idi ikuluka bua kukuata ku mpenga kua milonda.

Kanga tshitupa tshionso tshia tshijengu ne tshitupa tshia bule ne tshilamba tshia aluminium tshidi tshileja UL. Kumpala kua kuela tshilamba, ukupula bintu bionso bia tshiamu ne maluvu anyi tshintu tshia kusukula natshi mafuta bua kumbusha manyi adi apangisha tshilamba bua kulamakaja. Udi mua kuela tshilamba tshia aluminium bikole pa muaba udibu batshisangisha, ne kutshibuikila ku ndekelu kua tshilamba etshi ne bule bua milimetre 50 (2 inches). Ela tshilamba tshikole pa tshiamu ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia plastique anyi kunyima kua tshianza tshiebe bua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia acrylic tshidi tshiumvua bukole. Bua bipese bidi ne bukole bua tshiamu, ikala ne tshintu tshia pambelu tshia 102-millimetre (4-inch) tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikoleshibue pa tshipese tshidibu basuike.

Kuambuluisha njila ya mu njila idi mitangile bimpe bua kuepuka dikuluka, dibuela mu mâyi, anyi dikuata dia difu muaba udi mâyi ne nsuki mua kudisangisha. Mu miaba ya tshilala benyi ne mu bimanu bia ku plafond, ela tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia tshiamu tshia galvanisé anyi biamu bia mudimu mukole bia kuela nabi milonda mu bikondo bidi kabiyi bipita 1,2 too ne ku 1,8 metre (4 too ne ku 6 feet). Mulonda wa tshibandilu udi wenda panshi kakese mutangile ku tshibuelelu tshia pambelu pa tshibandilu tshia pabuipi ne milimetre 6 ku milimetre 300 (0.25 inch ku dikasa). Dibandila edi didi difila mushindu wa se: luya luonso ludi lupatuka munda mua tshina tshia mashika mu tshikondo tshia mashika makole lupatuke nkayalu kupitshila ku tshiibi tshia pambelu pamutu pa kudisangisha munda mua nzubu.

Lama bitupa bionso bia tshina tshia luya tshidi tshipita mu miaba idi kayiyi ne mashika, kusangisha ne miaba idi kayiyi ne kapia, nzubu ya muinshi mua buloba idi kayiyi ne mashika, ne nzubu ya kuulu idi ne mashika. Padi kapepe kakole ne ka mashika kapitshila mu tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi katshiyi tshikuba, bimanu bia tshiamu bidi bienza mudimu bu biamu bia mashika, bipatula makopo a mâyi a mu tshijengu tshionso adi akudimuna tshilamba tshia munda tshilua buloba butoke. Bungila bule buonso bua tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshilongolola ne tshiamu tshia R-4 anyi R-6 tshidi ne tshiamu tshia fibre de verre. Kanga bipese bionso bia tshibuelelu ne bipese bia kuinshi ne tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku bua kuenza tshibuikidiji tshia pambelu tshidi tshitungunuka ne kunyunguluka tshiamu tshia nzembu.

Tangila ne ulama tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia tshimanu. Jingulula ne: tshina tshikole tshidi tshipita mu tshimanu tshia pambelu ne tshidi tshilamakaja bimpe ne tshilamba tshia pambelu tshia tshibuelelu tshia luya. Kanga tshitupa tshia pambelu tshidi pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshimanu tshia pambelu ne tshiamu tshia polyurethane anyi tshia silicone tshia mushinga mukole bua kupangisha mvula, lupepele ne nyama ya nsengu bua kubuela. Tangila ni tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshiyi tshilamakaja ku nzubu wa tshilamba tshia mashinyi.

Dilongolola dia muaba wa kuendakana ne dilama dia luya¶

Milonda ya tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu idi mipatuke mu miaba ya tshilala benyi idi ne ntatu ya pa buayi idi ilomba mishindu ya pa buayi ya kuyilongolola. Ma crawlspaces i miaba ya muinshi mua buloba idi kayiyi ne muaba wa bungi, buloba bua buloba butoke, butoke bukese, ne pabuipi ne tshishimikidi. Tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshidi tshipatuka buludiludi mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi tshidi mua kuwuja lukasa buloba bua tshishimikidi, kunyanga tshibumba tshia panshi, ne kunyanga kapepe ka mu nzubu mujima.

Paudi ubuela mu tshitudilu, tangila nsombelu wa tshibuelelu tshia luya lua panshi. Mikenji ya luibaku idi ilomba miaba idi kayiyi ne kapepe ne idi ne kapepe bua kuikala ne tshibuikidiji tshia panshi tshia mabeji a bungi a polyéthylene, adi ne bunene bua 6-mil anyi 10-mil, bua kupangisha buloba bua kupatuka. Tshintu tshidi tshipatuka mu tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshidi tshiela galon ya mayi ne bilamba bia munda bia lint buludiludi pa tshilamba etshi tshia plastique. Mâyi adi mu bipese bia panshi pa plastique, adi enza maziba a muinshi mua buloba adi kaayi enda bimpe adi ne bintu bia kusukula nabi bilamba, lupuishi lua lint, ne lupuishi lua fungus.

Pompa anyi upuekesha mayi a mu tshibuelelu tshia luya ku diambuluisha dia pompe wa mudimu udi muinshi mua mâyi anyi wa HEPA wet-dry vacuum. Udi mua kuela bitupa bia mabeji a plastique adi ne bukoya bua bungi adi mabuikila ne bitotshi bia lint, ubikanga mu mifuku ya bena mudimu, ne ubipatule muaba udibu mua kuendakana. Sukula ne ushipa bimanu bia tshishimikidi tshia beton ne bitupa bia ku makasa bidi bileja dikola dia bishi ku diambuluisha dia tshiamu tshia quaternaire ammonium antimicrobial tshidibu bitabe. Teka tshilamba tshipiatshipia tshia 10-mil anyi 15-mil tshia polyethylene tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka pa buloba budi bumueneka, tshibuikila bitupa bia 300 millimètres (12 inches) ne tshikanga miaba yonso ku bimanu bia tshishimikidi ne tshilamba tshia butyl tshikole.

Tangila bimanu bia panshi ne panshi panshi buludiludi pa mutu pa tshitupa tshia crawlspace. Mabaya a mitshi adi pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia luya tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja adi misangu ya bungi apeta disama dikole dia nsese ya dîba, didibu babikila ne: crawlspace mold. Shi tshisuku tshia pa mutu tshibuikila bimanu bia nzubu, udi mua kukosa hyphae ya fungus ku diambuluisha dia biamu bia nshinga, sanders mibuikila ne HEPA, anyi dry ice blasting muenza kudi bena mudimu ba dilongolola dia bintu. Longolola tshibumba tshia nzubu ne tshintu tshia kulama mutshi tshia borate tshidibu bafunde kudi EPA. Bintu bia borate bidi bibuela munda menemene mu mionji ya mitshi, bifila bukubi bua kashidi ku bikunyibua bidi bibola mitshi, ku dibola dia mitshi, ku nsese ya dîba ne ku bikunyibua bidi bibola mitshi.

Tangila malanda adi pankatshi pa tshipepele tshidi pankatshi pa muaba wa tshilala benyi ne miaba ya kusombela idi kulu eku. Tshienzedi tshia tshibumba tshidi tshienza bua kapepe ka luya kabandile mu nzubu, kakoka too ne ku 50 pa lukama ka kapepe ka mu tshisasa tshia kumpala buludiludi ku tshisasa tshia muinshi mua tshisasa kupitshila mu bipese bia muinshi mua tshisasa, mu bipese bia mâyi ne mu bipese bia nzembu. Shi muaba wa tshilala benyi mushale mutoke anyi munyanguke ne bikunyibua, bantu badi mu nzubu wa kuulu nebapueke kapepe ka muaba wa tshilala benyi munyanguke. Teka tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshilongolola bua kulama luya lua muaba udibu mua kuikala muinshi mua 55 pa lukama, bua kukuba nzubu ku dinyanguka dia luya mu matuku atshilualua.

Ikala mujadike ne: bimanu bia tshishimikidi tshia pambelu bidi bimpe mu miaba idi ne luya, anyi enza bua se: tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi luya ne tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu bidi bienza mudimu mu miaba idibu basuike. Ikala mushindike ne: tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshipiatshipia tshidibu balongolole tshidi tshibandishibue muulu pa mabaya a panshi pamutu pa kuikisha pa tshibuikidiji tshia luya lua panshi. Kulengeja tshina tshia nzembu bimpe kudi kupangisha dinyanguka dia mpukapuka kudi bena mudimu ba dilongolola anyi kudi nyama ya nsengu, ne kudi kulama tshina tshia nzembu kule ne luya lua panshi.

Dijadika dia luya lua panyima pa dilongolola ne ndongamu wa dilongolola¶

Padibu bajikija dilongolola dia njila, diuma dia kazubu, ne diumusha dia tshina, kuenza mudimu wa tshikebelu tshia mudimu kudi kujadika ne: tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe. Kuedi meji ne: tshintu tshipiatshipia tshidibu basangisha tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe kuyi mupima luya ne kuteta muinshi mua bujitu bulelela bua mudimu to. Dilongolola dia mudimu didi dijadika lubilu lua luya ne dijadika bulelela bua tshiamu.

Enza tshikebelu tshia lupepele ludi kaluyi luenda ne tshiamu tshia kuumija natshi bintu tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kapia. Teka tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ku tshibuelelu tshia pambelu ne pima lubilu lua dipatuka dia kapepe ku mpala kua tshibuelelu. Tshintu tshidi tshienza mudimu bimpe ne tshidi tshilonda mikenji tshidi tshipatula lubilu lua lupepele lua metre 6,0 ku sekonde (1 200 feet ku minite). Shi lubilu ludibu bapima ludi lushala lutekete nansha mudibu benze tshina tshipiatshipia, tangila tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi panyima pa tshiamu bua kumona ni tshidi tshinyanguka anyi tshinyanguka bikole ku tshimanu tshia nzubu wa disukuila bilamba. Teka kazubu ka tshiamu tshia mitaku mu tshimanu tshia kunyima kua tshiamu pikala muaba mukese wenza bua tshiamu tshia dishintulula natshi bintu tshinyanguke padibu basuika tshiamu tshia kuuma natshi bintu pa muaba watshi.

Enza tshikebelu tshia kulenga ne tshia kumona mu njila yonso udi umueneka padi tshiamu tshia kuumija natshi bintu tshienza mudimu ne kapia kakole. Umvua tshitupa tshionso tshidibu basuike ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi bua kupatuka mu luya lua kapia anyi mu lupepele ludi lupatuka. Shi udi mumone mudi kapepe kapatuka muaba udibu basangisha, ujimije tshiamu, usukule tshiamu, ne wela kabidi tshilamba tshia aluminium tshidi ne UL. Ikala mujadike ne: tshilamba tshia pambelu tshidi tshiunzulula bimpe menemene mu tshitupa tshia 45 too ne ku 90 padi tshiamu tshia kuyumija natshi bintu tshienza mudimu, ne tshidi tshipueka tshikanga bikole padi tshiamu tshia kuyumisha natshi bintu tshijika.

Teka tshilele tshia dilama dia malu bua kujadika bukubi bua kashidi. Tangila ne usukule bule buonso bua tshina tshia luya lua tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bintu nansha musangu umue kunyima kua ngondo 12, anyi kunyima kua ngondo isambombo mu nzubu idi ne bintu bia bungi bia kusukula nabi bilamba, mêku manene anyi nyama ya mu nzubu idi ipuekesha bilamba. Ingidija tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia kusukula natshi luya lua mashinyi tshidi ne mionji ya nylon idi mua kunyunguluka ne tshiamu tshia tshijengu tshidi tshilamakaja ku tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi katshiyi ne nkata. Ela tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka mu tshina tshidi tshifumina ku tshibuelelu tshia pambelu too ne munda paudi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mabeji anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi luya ku ndekelu kua tshiamu bua kupatula nsuki idi mipatuke pambelu bimpe.

Teka tshiamu tshia meji tshidi tshitangila luya anyi luya mu tshimanu anyi muaba wa tshibuelelu bua kufila didimuija dia kumpala dia dinyanguka dia matuku atshilualua. Biamu bia lelu bidi kabiyi ne nshinga bidi bitangila luya, luya lua bungi, ne luya lua kapepe mu miaba misokoka, bituma mamanyisha mu tshikondo tshilelela ku tshiamu tshia telefone pikala luya lupita pa 65 pa lukama anyi luya luvula mu mushindu udi kauyi muakanyine. Biamu ebi bia kutangila nabi bidi bimanya miaba idi kayiyi mimpe, milonda idi minyanguke, anyi dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia pambelu kumpala kua mitshi kubola anyi njiwu ya kapia ka njiwu.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Mmunyi mundi mua kumanya ni tshiamu tshianyi tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshipatuka munda mua tshimanu tshiyi mukose tshimanu?¶

Ubwanya kujingulula tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshiunzulula tshimanu tshia tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi bintu pa kutangila bikondo bia mudimu, kumvua luya lua tshimanu tshia munda, kutangila bungi bua luya, ne kutangila tshiibi tshia pambelu. Tshiamu tshia luya tshidi katshiyi tshilamakaja tshidi tshienza bua luya lukole ludi lulengeja tshikondo tshia kuyuma tshia pa tshibidilu kubangila ku minite 45 too ne ku minite mipite pa 90 bualu luya lukole kaluena mua kupatuka to. Neumone ne: tshimanu tshiume tshidi mu njila wa tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshiumvuika tshikole anyi tshikole padibu batshilenga padibu batshienza mudimu, ne nzubu idi pabuipi ne muaba wa disukuila bilamba idi mua kuikala ne luya lua bungi ludi luenda pamue ne mupuya wa tshintu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba anyi tshia tshintu tshidi tshilengeja bilamba. Kupima lubilu lua luya ludi lupatuka ku tshibuikidiji tshia pambelu ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshienza mudimu kudi kufila tshijadiki tshikole: bikala tshiamu tshia kuyumija natshi bintu tshienza mudimu kadi kapepe kadi kapatuka ku tshiibi tshia pambelu kadiyi ne mushinga anyi katshienaku, tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshipatuka anyi tshibuikila munda mua nzubu.

Bua tshinyi milonda ya accordion ya vinyl mitoke anyi ya arjan idi ne njiwu munda mua bimanu anyi mu miaba ya kuendakana?¶

Milonda ya PVC ya vinyl mitoke ne milonda ya accordion ya tshiamu tshia arjan idi ne njiwu mu miaba misokoka bualu kayena ne bukole bua kukandamena kapia to, idi ikuata bintu bia bungi bidi mua kuosha, ne idi mua kutshibula anyi kutshibula bipepele. Nsinga ya munda ya tshiamu tshia akordeon idi ifila dikokangana dikole dia mu lupepele, dienza bua tshilamba tshidi mu lupepele tshikuate mu tshitupa tshionso too ne padi tshina tshijika ne mionji idi mua kuosha. Shi lint udi utema munda mua tshiamu tshitekete anyi mu tshiamu tshia vinyl, tshintu etshi tshidi tshinyanguka anyi tshiosha mu minite mikese, tshipatula kapia ka mudimu buludiludi mu bimanu bia mabaya anyi mu bimanu bia panshi. Bua njiwu mikole ya kapia, mikenji ya buloba bujima idi itangila nzubu (IRC Section M1502) idi ikandika bikole bua kuenza mudimu ne plastique, vinyl, ne tshiamu tshia foil tshidi katshiyi tshikole munda mua bimanu, mu bimanu bia panshi, mu nzubu ya kuulu ne mu miaba ya kubandila, idi ilomba bua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne kapia ka kapia.

Ndi mua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshianyi tshia kusukula natshi bilamba ne dididishi dia nzubu wa disukuila bilamba diunzulula pandi muindile bua kulongolola anyi?¶

Kuena ne tshia kutungunuka ne kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi ne tshina tshia luya tshidi katshiyi tshipatuka to, nansha mudi dididishi dia nzubu wa disukuila bilamba diunzulula, bualu luya lua kapepe nelutungunuke ne kupompa mâyi a bungi, bintu bidi mua kuosha, ne monoxide de carbone mu miaba misokoka. Tshikondo tshia kuyumisha tshia pa tshibidilu tshidi tshivuija 2 too ne ku 4 litre (0,5 too ne ku 1,1 gallons) ya mâyi ne tshipatula miliyare ya bipese bia lint bidi mua kuosha muinshi mua tshipepele tshimpe, tshidi tshitangalaka mu bimanu ne mu bimanu bia crawlspace joist bays nansha mudi dididishi dia nzubu dikale mushindu kayi. Shi tshiamu etshi tshienza mudimu ne gaz naturel anyi propane, kutshienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshikosa kudi kupatula monoxide de carbone udi mua kushipa bantu buludiludi mu nzubu, ne kuenza njiwu ya disama dia poison idi kapepe ka mu madidishi kadiyi mua kujikija. Tshiamu etshi tshidi ne tshia kushala katshiyi ne nzembu ku tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi katshiyi ne nzembu too ne padi tshina tshia nzembu tshilongolola bimpe menemene bilondeshile mikenji.

Bidi bilomba dîba bungi kayi bua nkunde kukola pa bimanu ne pa tshimanu tshiume panyima pa tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuumija natshi bintu tshimane kupatuka?¶

Dikola dia tshisuku didi dituadija pa dibeji dia tshimanu tshiume ne pa bimanu bia mabaya mu mêba 24 too ne ku 48 a dibuela mu luya lua tshiamu tshia kuowesha natshi bintu. Tshikondo tshimue tshia diuma tshidi tshiela luya lua mayi a kapia mu tshina tshia tshimanu tshikanga bua kubandisha luya lua mutshi too ne ku 100 pa lukama, bibandisha luya lua mitshi kupita pa 20 pa lukama ludi lukengedibua bua kukola kua tuishi tua fungus. Bikunyibua bidi mu lupepele bu mudi Aspergillus, Penicillium, ne Cladosporium bidi bimena ne bienza bisumbu bia hyphal bidi bimueneka mu matuku abidi anyi asatu mu miaba idi ne luya lukole ne mifiike. Shi luya ludi lushiya mu matuku mapite pa muanda mutekete, bipupu bidi bikola bitekete bitekete, bu mudi Stachybotrys chartarum, bidi bibuela mu dibeji dia selulose didi ditangile ku tshimanu tshiume, bipatuisha mycotoxins ne bidi bikengela mudimu wa bamanyi ne dilengeja dia tshimanu.

Dianyisha dia diambuluisha dia kumpala¶

Kulongolola tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshipatuka kudi kulomba kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 240 volt, njila ya gaz naturel anyi ya propane, bibandilu bibandile, biamu bia mudimu bia nzembu, tuishi tua nkunde tudi ne buanga, ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne buôwa. Njiwu idi yenzeka mu miaba eyi idi mua kufikisha ku dikuma dia nzembu mikole, dikuluka dia kanyinganyinga, ditapa dia bitupa bia mubidi bidi bifumina ku mpenga kua tshiamu, disama dia mupuya mukole, anyi dikuatshika dia monoxide de carbone. Muena njibo yense, mulombodi wa nzubu, ne muena mudimu wa dilongolola badi ne tshia kuikala ne mukanda wa dianyisha wa diambuluisha dia kumpala dia bantu bakole, dikolesha dia muoyo ne mikolo (CPR), ne dienza dia defibrillateur wa pambelu (AED). Malongesha a mpukapuka adibu bafila kudi malongolodi bu mudi Croix-Rouge wa mu Amerike, St John Ambulance, Croix-Rouge wa mu Canada, anyi baminganga ba muaba udibu basombele adi alongesha malu bu mudi: dilama dia mashi bua disama dia mishipa, dikolesha dia mukolo bua bantu badi bakuluka, disungula dia nzembu ne dilama dia mpukapuka dia mupuya too ne padi baminganga bapiluke ba malu a mpukapuka bafika.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshipangu tshia mikenji ya buloba bujima (ICC). 2024 Mukenji wa nzubu wa pa buloba bujima (IRC), tshitupa tshia M1502: Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba.
• Tshipangu tshia mikenji ya buloba bujima (ICC). 2024 Mukenji wa malu a mashinyi wa pa buloba bujima (IMC), tshitupa tshia 504: Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba.
• Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA). NFPA 211: Mukenji wa nzubu ya kapia, nzubu ya kapia, miaba ya luya, ne bintu bidi bienza mudimu ne mafuta.
• Tshibambalu tshia kapia tshia mu États-Unis (USFA) / FEMA. Mudilu wa tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba mu nzubu ya kusombela (Topical Fire Report Series).
• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua bintu bia kusumba tshia mu États-Unis (CPSC). Biamu bia kuowela nabi bilamba bidi ne kapia kakole bidi mua kukebesha kapia: Didimuija dia bukubi ne liste wa dikonkonona.
• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA). Dilongolola dia bipupu mu tulasa ne mu nzubu ya bungenda (EPA 402-K-01-001).
• Tshilongelu tshia malu a dikonkonona, a disukula ne a dilongolola (IICRC). IICRC S520: Mukenji wa dilongolola dia bikunyibua.
• Tshilongelu tshia malu a dikonkonona, a disukula ne a dilongolola (IICRC). IICRC S500: Mukanda wa tshikebelu ne wa tshilejilu bua dilongolola dia bintu bidi binyanguke kudi mâyi.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dikuba dia kapia ne diandamuna dia bintu
• Tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi tshiteka kapia pa buloba ne tshidi tshitemesha kapia
• Tshiamu tshia munkatshi anyi tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi tshikolesha kapia mu tshimanu
• Crawlspace Standing Water, Fallen Insulation, and Joist Rot
• Dilongolola dia bikunyibua ne mishindu ya kuyumija nzubu kunyima kua dinyanguka dia mayi