Kusesuka pa mabue a mashika: mushindu wa kukuluka, dîba dia kukeba diambuluisha, ne mushindu wa kudipangisha¶

Dikuluka pa mabue a mashika didi dienzeka mu tshitupa tshîpi tshia sekonde umue, ne mputa iditshi tshikebesha idi mua kushintulula nsombelu wa muntu. Mu muvu wa mashika batu batuma bantu binunu ne binunu ku nzubu ya diambuluisha dia lukasa tshidimu tshionso ne bianza bitshibuka, bifuka bitshibuka, makaya manyanguke, mputa ya mukolo ne mputa ya ku mutu. Bantu bakulumpe, bantu badi ne mifuba mitekete, ne bantu badi banua manga adi atekesha mashi badi mu njiwu mikole ya kupeta bipeta bibi bia tshintu tshidi tshimueneka bu dikuluka dikese.

Mukanda ewu udi wakula bua tshiudi mua kuenza paudi ubanga kupona, mushindu wa kuditangila wewe nkayebe ne bakuabu paudi panshi, mputa kayi idi ikengedibua lukasa ne idi mua kuindila, mushindu wa kujuka bimpe, ne mushindu wa kuepuka dikuluka ne bisabata bimpe, mushindu wa kuenda ne diela mukele. Bua mputa misunguluke, bala mifuba mityumuke ne mifuba, mputa ku mutu ne mputa ya mukolo.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Shala muaba uudi bua tshitupa tshîpi kunyima kua dikuluka. Tangila ni udi umvua kanyinganyinga mu mutu, mu nshingu, mu nyima, mu tshiadi, mu bianza ne mu maboko kumpala kua wewe kuteta bua kunyema.
2. Bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) wewa mututa ku mutu ne mujimije lungenyi, mumvue tshimvundu, muele nsukadi, ne disama dia mu nshingu anyi dia mukolo, kuyi mua kunyunguluka tshitupa tshia mubidi, anyi ne mufuba udi umueneka mukoseka anyi kayi pa muaba wende. Tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi bua matunga makuabu.
3. Kuimana lukasa, ne kulekedi muntu ukukoka shi udi mua kuikala ne mputa mu nshingu, mukolo, mu tshiadi anyi mu dikasa. Bindile diambuluisha.
4. Shi udi mua kunyema ne kakuyi tshintu tshidi tshimueneka tshitapike bibi, udi mua kukuluka ku luseke luebe, wimana ku bianza ne ku maboko ebe, udi mua kuya ku tshintu tshidi tshikuatshisha, ne wimana ku dikasa dimue ku dimue. Pashishe, somba muaba wa luya ne udikonkonone kabidi.
5. Shi muntu mulale pa mabue a mashika, umulame ne kazaku anyi tshilamba, ne kumusunsudi wewe wela meji ne: udi mua kuikala ne mputa mu nshingu, mukolo anyi mu tshiadi. Mashika adi mua kuvudija ntatu yabu ne lukasa.
6. Keba luondapu mu difuku dimua bua disama dia mutu shi udi unua manga adi apuekesha mashi, udi ne bidimu bipite pa 65, anyi shi udi upeta mutu usama, ulala tulu, ututa anyi udi umvua bibi pashishe.

Mushindu kayi wa kukuluka pa neje kuyi upeta mputa mikese¶

Kuena mua kupeta dîba dia kuela meji to, kadi mushindu uudi ufika udi wenza dishilangana dinene. Ibidija lungenyi elu mu mutu webe kumpala kua muvu wa mashika, bualu bantu badi bela meji bua bualu ebu batu batamba kuandamuna bimpe.

Mêyi manene¶

• Ikala ne dikisha ne epuka diluisha dikuluka. Kukolesha mubidi kudi kukolesha mputa. Teta kulekela mubidi webe wenda ulekela ne unyunguluka.
• Ela tshibeku tshieba ku tshiadi tshiebe. Etshi tshidi tshikuba mutu ne nshingu bua kubenga kukuma panshi. Kuedi mutu webe panyima to.
• Kuela bianza biebe panshi to. Kupueka pa tshianza tshiolola ke tshidi tshitamba kufikisha ku ditshibuka dia tshianza, ne didi mua kutshibula kabidi diboko dia kumpala, tshiadi anyi mufuba wa nshingu. Ikala ne maboko ebe mafuka ne pabuipi ne mubidi webe, anyi ulekelawu afuka kumpala kuebe.
• Teta pa bitupa bidi ne tshilamba. Teta kukudimuna mubidi webe bua wewe kufika ku luseke lua mataku ebe, tshiadi anyi kunyima kua dikaya diebe, bidi ne mifuba ne mafuta a bungi. Pona ku luseke anyi panyima, ne maboko eba makosa, pamutu pa kuikala mululame kumpala anyi mululame panyima pa mukolo webe.
• Kukuluka ne dikuluka. Kukunguluka kudi kutangalaka bukole. Kudikuata bu mupimbu, ne tshibeku tshiebe tshibuikila, kudi kukuambuluisha bua kusesuka ne kukuluka pamutu pa kuimana mufue pa muaba umue.
• Kutetshi bua kudikuata ne binu anyi bikono biebe to. Bitupa ebi bidi bitshibuka ne bipatuka bipepele.
• Lekela tshiudi natshi. Wewe mukuate tshibombi, tshipese anyi dikopo, uteke panshi. Utshikuate anu pikala muana mu maboko ebe, ne mu nsombelu eu utshinyungulule bua mubidi webe wikale upona ne ulama muana.

Wewe mutuadije kukuluka panyima¶

Kukuluka kunyima kudi kutapa mutu bikole, bualu kunyima kua mutu kudi mua kututa panshi ne bukole bua bungi. Lama tshiadi tshiebe bikole ku tshiadi tshiebe, wela maboko ebe pa mubidi webe, ne teta bua kunyunguluka ku luseke luebe. Ikala ukeba mataku ne mishipa ya mu nyima webe kadi ki mmutu webe anyi mukolo to.

Wewe mutuadije kukuluka kumpala¶

Inama binu biebe ne lekela mubidi webe ukuluke mu tshibungubungu, ne maboko ebe mafukama. Ela mutu webe ku luseke lumue ne ukudimune dikaya diebe panshi, bua wewe kukuluka pa dikaya kadi ki mpa mpala webe to. Epuka kuela bianza biebe pambelu bikole.

Shi udi muambule muana¶

Kudimuna mubidi webe bua wewe kufika ku luseke luebe anyi ku nyima ne muana pa mutu pebe. Ikala mukuate muana bikole, umunyunguluke, ne ulama mutu wende ne tshianza tshiebe.

Diakamue panyima pa dikuluka: udikonkonone¶

Bantu ba bungi batu batuluka ne bamba ne: badi bimpe. Dibungama ne adrenaline bidi mua kusokoka kanyinganyinga mu minite ya bungi, nunku ikala panshi bua tshitupa tshîpi ne utangile bimpe.

1. Ikala mupuwe ne upuya. Upuya bitekete bitekete. Wewe mumvue mutshioke, ikala mulale panshi.
2. Tangila mutu webe ne nshingu webe. Udi ne mutu usama, tshiji, tshiji, dimona bibi anyi disama dia nshingu anyi? Wewe mukuate mutu webe anyi mumvue tshimue tshia ku bintu ebi, kujuki lukasa to.
3. Tangila mukolo webe ne mukolo webe. Disama dia munkatshi mua mukolo webe, disama dia mutshima, dipanga dia lungenyi, anyi butekete mu maboko ne mu maulu bidi bimanyinu bikunze. Ikala mupuwe ne ubikile diambuluisha.
4. Tangila tshifuba ne mikolo yebe. Udi mua kuinama tshifuba tshiebe ne dikasa diebe anyi? Udiku mua kuambula bujitu anyi? Dikasa didi dimueneka dikese anyi ditangile pambelu, ne disama dia bungi dia mu tshiadi anyi dia mu tshiadi, didi dileja ditshibuka dia tshiadi.
5. Tangila maboko ebe ne bianza biebe. Tangila bipupu, mputa, tshimuenekelu tshikoseka anyi kanyinganyinga paudi wenda unyunguluja minu yebe anyi ukudimuna tshianza tshiebe.
6. Tangila ni mashi adi apatuka. Fina bikole mashi onso adi apatuka ne tshilamba tshikezuke.
7. Teta kuenda bitekete bitekete shi kuyi ne bimanyinu bia disama dikole, bu mudibi bileja kuinshi eku.

Ndîba dia kubikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi¶

Bikila diakamue pikala muntu, anyi wewe, ne tshimue tshia ku bintu bidi bilonda ebi kunyima kua dikuluka:

• Dijimija lungenyi, nansha bua tshitupa tshîpi, anyi dipanga dia lungenyi, bikadilu bia pa buabi anyi ngakuilu mubi
• Kufuka misangu ne misangu, disama dia tshiadi, anyi mutu usama bikole ne udi wenda ukola
• Kumbusha mayi anyi mashi mu matshi anyi mu mishiku
• Disama dia mu nshingu anyi dia mukolo, disama dia nshingu, disama dia nshingu, anyi diteketa mu maboko anyi mu maulu
• Mufuba udi umueneka mukoseke anyi kayi pa muaba wende, anyi mufuba udi mutshibule dikoba
• Dikasa didi dimueneka dikese anyi dikoseka, ne disama dikole dia mu tshiadi anyi dia mu tshiadi ne dipanga dia kuambula bujitu
• Dipatuka dia mashi a bungi didi kadiyi dijika ne dikuma dikole
• Disama dia kupuyakana, disama dia mu tshiadi, anyi disama dikole dia mu difu
• Dipanga dia kujuka ne njiwu ya disama dia hypothermie bua kulala mu mashika
• Bimanyinu bia disama dia tshiadi, bu mudi mpala mupueka, diboko diteketa anyi lutatu lua kuakula, bidi mua kuikala bifikishe ku dikuluka. Tangila tshipupu

Mputa ku mutu kunyima kua dikuluka¶

Dikuluka pa mabue a mashika ditu misangu mivule dienza bua mutu utute panshi, pa njila, pa bibandilu anyi pa mashinyi. Mutu udi mua kuikala muimpe, kadi buongo budi mua kuikala anu butapa anyi kupatuka mashi munda. Bimanyinu bidi mua kumueneka diakamue anyi kukola mu mêba anyi matuku.

Bimanyinu bia didimuija bidi bikengela diambuluisha dia lukasa¶

• Kujimija lungenyi, nansha bua masekonde makese
• Mutu udi usama bikole anyi udi wenda ukola
• Kupela misangu ne misangu
• Dibungama, dijimija dia lungenyi, tulu tua pa tshibidilu, anyi lutatu lua kujuka
• Ngakuilu mubi, butekete anyi dipanga dia lungenyi, dipanga dia nkatshinkatshi, anyi lutatu lua kuenda
• Mulongi umue munene kupita mukuabu, tshimuenenu tshibidi anyi tshimuenenu tshibi
• Tshipupu
• Kumbusha mayi anyi mashi mu mishiku anyi mu matshi
• Bikadilu bia pa buabi anyi tshiji tshikole, nangananga kudi bana

Bisumbu bia njiwu mikole¶

Bantu bakole badi ne bidimu 65 ne ku mutu, bantu badi banua manga adi atekesha mashi bu mudi warfarin anyi manga mapiamapia adi apangisha mashi bua kuela mashi, ne bantu badi banua aspirine anyi manga makuabu a muomumue pa tshibidilu, badi mua kuikala ne mashi adi apatuka munda mua mutu nansha padibu babakuma kakese. Bidi mua kuenzeka bitekete bitekete, mu matuku anyi mbingu. NHS (United Kingdom) ne bibambalu bikuabu bia malu a bukola bua mubidi bidi bifila lungenyi lua ne: muntu yonso udi wangata manga adi atekesha mashi udi umukuata ku mutu udi ne bua kuya kumutangila kudi munganga dituku adi, nansha yeye mudiumvue bimpe. Tangila ditshibuka dia tshiadi tshia muntu mukulakaje anyi dikuma dia mutu pa manga adi atekesha mashi ne disama dia subdural hematoma didi dienda dijika.

Kumbelu kunyima kua dikuma dikese ku mutu¶

Shi kuena ne tshimanyishilu nansha tshimue ne munganga mukuambile ne udi mua kuya kumbelu, kuikisha, ne muntu mukulumpe ashale nebe mu meba 24 a kumpala. Ingidija tshibombi tshia mashika pa tshibumba tshibuikila mu tshilamba. Kunua maluvu, ne kuepuka diendesha mashinyi, manaya ne dienza mudimu mukole too ne paudi umvua bimpe. Pingana bua kupeta luondapu lua lukasa pikala bimanyinu bia didimuija bimueneka. Bua kumanya malu onso, bala mputa ku mutu. Shi muntu udi mujimije lungenyi kadi kayi upuyakana biyampe, tuadija CPR. Tangila CPR.

Mputa ku tshianza, ku diboko ne ku makaya¶

Padi bantu bakuluka ku tshianza tshiolola, bukole budi buenda bubanda ku diboko. Tshipeta tshidi misangu ya bungi tshianza tshitshibuka, diboko ditshibuka, tshianza tshitshibuka, dikaya ditshibuka anyi mufuba wa tshiadi tshitshibuka.

Bimanyinu bia ditshibuka dia tshianza anyi dia diboko¶

• Disama dikole, nangananga paudi unyungisha tshianza anyi ukuata
• Divulangana ne mputa, misangu ya bungi mu minite mikese anyi mêba makese
• Tshianza tshikoseka, tshikoseka anyi tshienza bu fourche
• Dipanga dia lungenyi anyi disama dia minu, anyi minu mitoke anyi ya bule
• Kakuyi mushindu wa kukudimuna tshianza mulu anyi panshi, anyi kukuata tshintu

Tshia kuenza¶

1. Lekela kuenza mudimu ne diboko ne udilame anu muaba umue. Kutetshi bua kululamija tshianza tshidi tshikoseka to.
2. Ikala ukuatshisha diboko mu muaba uudi mupeta, ne tshilamba tshienza ne tshilamba tshia kujingila, tshilamba tshia kujingila, anyi tshilamba tshia kuowela, anyi utshikuate ku tshiadi ne tshianza tshikuabu.
3. Umbusha bipese, nsa ne bipese bia ku bianza kumpala kua disama kutuadija.
4. Ela tshintu tshia mashika tshibuikila mu tshilamba munkatshi mua minite 20 musangu umua, nansha kakese pa dikoba.
5. Kudi anyi kunua tshintu nansha tshimue too ne padi munganga ukumona, pikala dijinga ne dipanda.
6. Lomba luondapu dituku adi. Bikila ku nimero ya lukasa ya muaba unudi pikala dikoba ditshibuke, minu mikale bule, mitoke, mashika anyi mikole, anyi mputa mikole.

Tangila mifuba mityumuke ne mifuba ne mifuba miunzulula bua kumanya malu adi atangila dipanda dia mifuba ne bua mufuba udi utshibula dikoba.

Mputa ya mu nshingu, ya mu nshingu ne ya ku makasa¶

Ditshibuka dia tshiadi didi bualu bua lukasa, nangananga bua bantu bakulumpe. Muntu kena mua kuimana anyi kuambula bujitu to, ne udi ne kanyinganyinga kakole mu tshiadi, mu tshiadi anyi mu tshiadi. Dikasa didi mua kumueneka dikese, ne dikasa didi mua kukudimuka pambelu. Kubandishi anyi kunyunguluka muntu to. Bikila ku nimero ya lukasa ya muaba unudi, ikalayi ne luya lukole ne mipuwe, ne uteke tshilamba tshia ku makasa tshiudi natshi. Tangila ditshibuka dia tshiadi anyi ditshibuka dia tshifu kudi muntu mukulumpe bua tshia kuepuka.

Disama dia ku nshingu ne ku binu didi kabidi ditamba kuenzeka. Shi tshitupa tshia mubidi tshimueneka tshinyanguke, kuena mua kutshiteka bujitu nansha bumue, anyi disama dikole, tshiondope bu tshidi mua kuikala tshitshibuka ne ukebe luondapu lua lukasa. Disama dikese didi mua kuondopibua pa kuikisha tshitupa tshia mubidi, kuela tshintu tshia mashika, kutshibuikila bitekete bitekete, ne kutshibandisha, ne dikonkonona dia munganga pikala disama kadiyi dijika mu matuku makese.

Mua kujuka kunyima kua dikuluka¶

Teta kuimana anu pikala kuyi ne tshimanyishilu tshia mputa mikole. Angata dîba diebe, bualu kujuka lubilu lukole kudi mua kufikisha ku disama dia mutu ne ku dikuluka musangu muibidi.

1. Lala mupuwe bua minite mikese ne upuekesha luya bitekete bitekete.
2. Dikunguluka ku luseke luebe, pashishe ku bianza ne ku binu. Wenza mudimu ne maboko ebe ne misunyi ya mu mikolo yebe.
3. Koka ku tshintu tshikole, bu mudi tshimanu, mashinyi, tshimanu anyi nkuasa. Epuka bua kukoka tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshikole.
4. Teka dikasa dimue panshi ne dikasa diebe dikoseka, pashishe ubandishe ne maboko ebe ne maulu ebe, ne ubandishe dikasa dikuabu.
5. Somba mu nkuasa udi pabuipi nebe ne wikishe. Tangila kabidi bua kumanya ni udi ne kanyinganyinga, tshiji anyi butekete.
6. Ikala ne luya, ne wambile muntu tshidi tshienzeke, nansha wewe umvua bimpe.

Wewe kuyi mua kujuka¶

Bikila diambuluisha, enza mudimu ne telefone webe, uvuale tshiamu tshionso tshia kudimuija natshi ne ubikile ku nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi. Ikala ne luya pa kudibuikila ne tshintu tshionso tshiudi mua kufika, ne unyungisha maboko ne maulu ebe wewe mua kuenza nanku kakuyi kanyinganyinga. Kushala mulale pa neje anyi pa neje mutantshi mule kupita mudibi bikengela to, bualu mashika adi mua kufikisha ku disama dia hypothermie mu dîba dimue anyi abidi, nangananga kudi bantu bakulumpe. Tangila hypothermie ne frostbite ne bakulakaje badi bakuluka padibu kabayi mua kuimana.

Shi udi wambuluisha muntu¶

1. Ubalombe bua kubenga kunyunguluka, ne ubakonke muaba udi usama.
2. Tangila bimanyinu bidi kulu eku.
3. Bikalabi bimueneka bimpe ne bisue kujuka, ubilekele bitekete bitekete ne wenze mudimu ne diboko diebe bua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi. Kubabandishi ku maboko to.
4. Shi badi ne kanyinganyinga kakole, kabayi mua kunyunguluka tshitupa tshia mubidi, batuta ku mutu, anyi badi banua manga adi apuekesha mashi, ubikile nimero wa lupitadi lua muaba unudi.
5. Ubalame ne kazaku, tshifulu ne tshilamba, ne uteka tshintu kampanda muinshi muabu pikalabu ne bua kuindila pa buloba budi ne mashika.

Kupangisha dikuluka pa mabue a mashika¶

Dikuluka dia bungi pa mabue a mashika didi mua kupangisha. Mushindu mutambe buimpe wa kudikuba udi usangisha bisabata bilenga, mushindu muimpe wa kuenda, ne kulama njila mimpe ne milengejibue.

Sungula bisabata bimpa¶

• Vwala bisabata anyi nsapatu idi ne mishiku mikole, ya tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi ya tshiamu tshia mitaku idi ne tshibandilu tshikole ne tshitapuluke. Ma plastique makole anyi tshiseba tshilenga adi ateketa.
• Keba makasa adi mafunda bua mashika ne mabue a mashika, bualu tshiamu tshikuabu tshidi tshishala tshitekete padiku mashika makese ne tshikuabu tshidi tshikola.
• Sungula tshikasa tshia panshi, tshialabale. Epuka bisabata bia mu nshingu mile, bia pa tshibandilu ne bilamba bia nsongo.
• Ingidija bipese bia kukoka nabi bidi mua kumbushibua, bipese anyi bipese bia neje bidi bikola pa bisabata. Umbushe kumpala kua wewe kuenda pa madidishi makole a mu nzubu, bualu adi ateketa pa mabue ne adi mua kunyanga madidishi.
• Ela meji bua bisabata bidi ne bikunyibua anyi bintu bia pa buabi bia kukuata nabi mu nsombelu wa mashika, kadi tangila bikalabi bikumbana bimpe ne bikale bimpe.
• Vwala shosette ya luya, miume ne ikala mujadike ne: bisabata biebe bikumbane bimpe. Makasa mashika adi enza bua kuenda kakuyi kushindama.
• Vwala bipese bia bianza, ki bianza mu tshibombi to, bua maboko ebe akuambuluishe bua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi.
• Wenza mudimu ne mutshi wa kuenda nawu anyi mutshi udi ne nsongo ya neje shi udi ne lutatu lua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi. Nsongo ya mabue a mashika i tusongo tukese tua tshiamu tudi tupatuka ku ndekelu kua mutshi.

Enda bu nyunyi wa pinguin¶

1. Enza bipimo bikese, bishilangane ne ikala ne maulu ebe malelela. Kuangatshi malu male to.
2. Leja makasa eba kakese pambelu, bidi bivudija tshishimikidi tshiebe.
3. Lama binu biebe bikunama kakese ne tshitupa tshia bukole tshiebe pa mutu pa dikasa diebe dia kumpala.
4. Ikala ne bianza biebe pambelu pa nseke yebe, kakese, bua kukuambuluisha bua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi. Kulami bianza biebe mu tshibombi tshiebe to.
5. Kufundi mesaje, kubandila anyi kuambula bintu binene bidi mua kukupangisha bua kuikala ne nkatshinkatshi to. Shi udi ne tshia kuambula tshibombi, bandisha bujitu pankatshi pa bianza bionso bibidi anyi uvuale tshibombi tshia mu tshiadi.
6. Ikala utangila panshi kumpala, ne ukebe miaba idi ikenka idi mua kuikala neje mifike. Tangila mashika a mashika ne mashika mafike.
7. Enda bitekete bitekete ne wangate dîba diebe, nansha paudi umbuka ku njila, ne wenze mudimu ne biamu bia ku bianza.
8. Teta pa mutu kumpala kua wewe kufila bujitu buebe. Ela ne dikasa diebe panshi ne uteka bujitu buebe pa dikasa adi anu padidi dikuata.
9. Enda ku luseke pa mikuna mitumbuke, ne enda mu neje ku luseke lua njila pikalayi mua kukuatshila bimpe.

Ikala mudimuke ne mateyi a pa tshibidilu¶

• Kubuela ne kupatuka mu mashinyi. Kuata ku tshiibi anyi ku tshisasa, patuka ne dikasa dimue ku dimue, ne utangile pa mutu pa nzubu.
• Bintu bidi bikenka, bidi mua kuikala neje mifike. Tuangate ne: njila udi umueneka mutoke mu tshikondo tshia mashika udi neje.
• Miaba idi ne mundidimbi, bibumba, bibandilu ne biibi bia nzubu, bidi bikola kumpala.
• Bibandilu ne bibandilu. Wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia ku tshianza, ne wangate tshitupa tshimue ku tshimue.
• Bimanu ne bipese bia mâyi, bidi misangu ya bungi bisokome muinshi mua neje.
• Miaba ya kutekela mashinyi, mudi mayi a mayi apita ne apingana mashika.
• Kuvuala bisabata bia nsongo milenga munda mua nzubu kunyima kua dienda mu neje. Mashika adi panshi mu biibi adi apueka, nunku ukupula makasa eba.

Kuela mukele ne kulengeja njila ya kuendakana¶

Kulengeja ne kulongolola bibandilu biebe ne njila yebe kudi kukukuba wewe, benyi bebe ne bena mudimu ba difila dia bintu. Bimenga bia bungi bitu bilomba bamfumu ne bantu badi basombelamu bua kumbusha njila ya makasa mu tshikondo kampanda panyima pa neje mimane kuloka, nunku tangila mikenji ya muaba udibu basombele.

Mua kulongolola njila¶

1. Anji kumbusha neje ne tshipese, bualu mukele udi wenza mudimu bimpe pa tshitupa tshikese tshia neje ne neje idi kayiyi mikole idi itshilengeja. Ingidija mishindu mimpe. Tangila kusukula neje bimpe.
2. Tangila bintu bitekete bitekete ne biakane, ne kubisangisha to. Tshianza tshikese ku metre kare tshitu misangu ya bungi tshikumbane.
3. Enza mudimu kumpala kua tshipepele tshikole padiku mushindu. Mukele anyi dilongolola dia kumpala didi dipangisha mabue a mashika bua kulamata ku tshibandilu.
4. Udi mua kuela kabidi kunyima kua mayi adi anyanguka, nangananga butuku ne mu dinda menemene.
5. Teya ntema ya pa buayi ku bibandilu, ku bibandilu, ku bibandilu, ku biibi, ne miaba idi tshina tshia mâyi tshipita mu njila.
6. Longolola mishimi ya mâyi kule ne njila ya kuendakana bua mayi adi anyanguka kaayi apingana pa mutu pawu.
7. Lama mukele mu tshibombi tshikanga pabuipi ne tshiibi, ne uyilame kule ne bana ne nyama ya mu nzubu.
8. Sukula mukele ku makasa a nyama ne ku panshi, ne wenze mudimu ne mukele mu bulongame bua kukuba mitshi, beton ne mayi a muinshi mua buloba.

Landlords, employers and shared spaces¶

If you are a landlord, employer, or manage a shared space, treat paths and car parks as a duty of care. Keep a written record of when you cleared and treated surfaces, post warnings for wet floors and icy patches, and put up handrails where needed. If you fall on someone else's property, take photographs of the ice, the time and your footwear, report the fall to the owner, and seek legal advice if you were seriously injured. Rules vary widely between countries, and you should check with local authorities.

Special groups¶

Older adults¶

Older adults have a higher chance of falls and a higher chance of serious injury. Weak bones, slower reflexes, medicines that cause dizziness, vision changes and joint problems all raise the risk. For them, indoors is safest on icy days. Arrange for groceries and medicine to be delivered, get help with clearing paths, and use a cane with an ice tip if needed. See keeping older adults safe in cold weather ne older adults emergency planning.

Children¶

Children fall often, and they bounce better than adults, but head injuries still matter. Teach children to walk with their hands out of pockets, to avoid running on ice and to stay off frozen ponds. For sledding hazards and ice safety, see falling through ice.

People who are pregnant¶

A fall in pregnancy needs a medical check even when you feel fine, since a hard impact to the abdomen can harm the placenta. Contact your midwife, doctor or maternity unit after any fall, and call your local emergency number if you have bleeding, fluid leaking, severe pain, or reduced movement of the baby.

People with osteoporosis or on blood thinners¶

These people have a higher chance of fractures and internal bleeding. Seek care after any fall that involves the head, hip, back or ribs. Keep a list of your medicines in your wallet or phone so that emergency staff know what you take.

Decision flow after a fall on ice¶

flowchart TD
    A["You have fallen on ice"] --> B["Stay still and check yourself"]
    B --> C{"Head strike, loss of consciousness,<br/>neck or back pain, or a bent limb?"}
    C -->|"Yes"| D["Stay still, stay warm<br/>and call emergency number"]
    C -->|"No"| E{"Can you move all joints<br/>without severe pain?"}
    E -->|"No"| D
    E -->|"Yes"| F["Roll to hands and knees<br/>and rise slowly with support"]
    F --> G{"On blood thinners, over 65<br/>or a head knock?"}
    G -->|"Yes"| H["Seek medical care<br/>the same day"]
    G -->|"No"| I["Rest, apply cold packs<br/>and watch for new symptoms"]
    I --> J{"Headache, vomiting, confusion<br/>or worsening pain later?"}
    J -->|"Yes"| H
    J -->|"No"| K["Return to normal activity<br/>and check your footwear"]

Comparing common ice fall injuries¶

Checklist for a safe winter walk¶

• I am wearing boots with deep tread and soft rubber soles, or ice grips.
• My hands are free and in gloves, not pockets.
• I have a charged phone in an inside pocket.
• Someone knows where I am going if I will be out long.
• I will walk with short, flat footed steps and use handrails.
• I will treat shiny pavement as ice and avoid shaded patches.
• I have cleared and salted steps and paths at home.
• I know the signs of a serious head or hip injury and will call for help.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

What is the best way to fall on ice?¶

Tuck your chin to your chest, keep your arms bent and in front of you instead of stretching out your hands, and try to land on the padded parts of your body such as the side of your buttocks or thigh. Relax as much as you can and roll with the fall. Avoid landing on your wrists, elbows, knees or the back of your head.

When should I go to the hospital after slipping on ice?¶

Call your local emergency number if you lose consciousness, are confused, vomit, have neck or back pain, cannot move a limb, have a visibly bent bone or cannot bear weight on a leg. Seek care the same day for a head knock if you are over 65 or take blood thinners, and for any wrist or ankle pain that is severe or gets worse. Do not wait to see if symptoms pass when you hit your head.

Why do wrist fractures happen so often when people slip on ice?¶

Most people throw out a hand to break a fall, and the force of the landing travels through the hand into the wrist and forearm. The wrist bone at the thumb side tends to break at that point, especially in people with thinner bones. Keeping your arms bent and rolling with the fall can reduce the risk.

Is rock salt safe for pets and plants?¶

Mukele wa mabue udi mua kunyanga maboko ne kunyanga mitshi ne beton shi udi wenza mudimu bikole. Ingidija anu tshitupa tshikese, sukula ne ukupula makasa a nyama webe panyima pa yeye mumane kuendakana, ne ela meji bua bintu bia kumbusha nabi mashika anyi nsenga bua kumukuata. Lama bintu bionso bia kujikija nabi mashika kule ne muaba uudi mua kubipeta, bualu kubidia bidi mua kusama nyama ya mu nzubu.

Miaba mifumina¶

Mukanda ewu uvua mulongolola bilondeshile mabeji a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (États-Unis) adi atangila dikuba dia dikuluka ne dikuluka dia bantu bakulumpe, buludiki bua bukubi bua mu muvu wa mashika bua National Weather Service (États-Unis), buludiki bua American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons pa bidi bitangila ditshibuka dia bianza ne dikuluka mu muvu wa mashika, buludiki bua Croix-Rouge wa mu Amerike bua ditshibuka dia mutu, buludiki bua National Health Service (Royaume-Uni) udi ufila mibelu pa bidi bitangila mputa ya ku mutu, dikuluka ne ditshibuka dia bianza, mibelu ya Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (Royaume-Uni) mu muvu wa mashika, mibelu ya kuendakana mu muvu wa mashika kudi Canada Safety Council, ne mabeji a bukubi bua mu muvu wa mashika a Health Canada. Muaba udi bibambalu bishilangane, badi benza mudimu ne mibelu ya budimu.

Longa diambuluisha dia kumpala¶

Dilongesha dia diambuluisha dia kumpala didi dilongesha dienza dia tshiamu tshia mitaku, dikonkonona dia mputa ya ku mutu, dilama dia mashi ne CPR ne dibidija, tshidi dibeji kadiyi mua kuenza to. Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance ne bafidi ba bungi ba muaba udibu batufila malongesha makese. Kuangata umue kumpala kua mashika kudi kukulongolola bua kuambuluisha muena mutumba anyi mulela udi upona pa mabue a mashika.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Mifuba mityumuke ne mifuba
• Mputa ku mutu
• Bakulumpe badi bakuluka padibu kabayi mua kuimana
• Tshipepele tshikole ne mashika mafiike
• Kukosa neje bimpe