Midimu ya kukeba ne kusungila ndeke ya helikoptere: Dilongolola dia muaba wa kupueka ne mikenji ya dikuma dia static¶

Kumvua mutoyi wa tshikebelu ne disungila (SAR) anyi helikoptere wa balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi (Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk, Airbus H145, AW139, anyi Bell 412) kunyima kua mêba a bungi a kuindila mu mpata anyi ku mbuu bitu misangu ya bungi bijula lubilu lua njiwu lua diambuluisha. Mu minite 3 ya ndekelu kumpala kua ndeke kufikaye muulu, bantu badi bapanduka kabayi badilongolole batu benza njiwu mikuabu. Tshipepele tshikole tshia rotor downwash (100 to 160+ km/h / 60 to 100+ mph) udi utapulula ntenta idi kayiyi mikanga, bilamba bia kulala nabi, ne udi ubikoka panshi ne ubibueja mu bipese bia motere wa ndeke wa helikoptere anyi mu tshibuelelu tshia mukila (Foreign Object Damage / FOD). Mu tshikondo tshia dipatula dia tshiamu tshia hover-winch, muntu udi mupanduke udi ne kanyinganyinga udi ubanda ne ukuata tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshidi tshipueka, tshibombi tshia kusungila natshi bantu, anyi tshiamu tshia kuela nabi bintu kumpala kua kutshilenga panshi anyi mâyi udi wangata 100 000-to-300 000-volt electrostatic discharge (triboelectric rotor static shock) udi mua kukuma musungidi pa dibue anyi kufikisha ku disama dia arrhythmie.

Shi udi ulongolola mudimu wa dipatuka dia baminganga anyi disungila dia mu tshipela, ikala ne tshiamu tshieba tshia satellite tshia njila ibidi (Garmin inReach, Zoleo, iPhone Satellite SOS) anyi wa mu mayi VHF Channel 16 tshisanji tshiunzulula, bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu matunga masanga a ku Mputu, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) pikala mudimu wa telefone udiku, anyi tangila tshilaminu tshietu tshia nomba ya tshimpitshimpi. Bua kupeta tshimanyishilu tshia kumpala kua difika ne dikolesha dia kanyinganyinga, bala solo thru-hiker mutshibuke tshikasa, tshingoma, ne dienza dia PLB, mujimija patudi tuendakana anyi tuenza tshitudilu, ne dibutuka dia buatu ne dipanduka mu mayi mashika. Londa mikenji ya dilongolola dia muaba wa kupuekela, diteka dia buloba, ne mikenji ya bukubi idi kuinshi eku.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. KUMA NE KUPETA BUJITU BONSO TENTA, TARP, FOAM PAD, NE BILAMBA BIDI BILELE MUNDA MANDA 100 METRES (FOD SWEEP): Disukula dia tshiamu tshia ndeke tshia dipandisha didi dienza tshipepele tshikole tshia 130+ km/h (80+ mph) tshia muaba kampanda. Pulula ntenta yonso, wela mifuba ya kulala, mifuba ya foam, bilamba bia mvula, ne bilamba bia munda mua mifuba mikanga, ne uteke mabue manene pa mutu pa mifuku. Tshintu tshimue tshia foam tshidi tshibuuka anyi tshia nylon tshidibu basuike mu rotor wa mukila netshipuekeshe ndeke.
2. **LEKELA MUSHINDU WA KUBAMBA, MUSHINGA, NANSHA MUSHINDU WA KUSUIJA BITEKE BULOBA NANSHA MAYI KUMPALA (THE STATIC GROUNDING RULE). Kubandi nansha kakese ne kutenga tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia winch, tshingoma, tshintu tshia bukoya, anyi tshingoma tshia kusungila natshi paditshi tshibandishibue mu lupepele. Bindila too ne padi tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi bintu tshidi tshilonda anyi tshibombi anyi tshibombi tshifika ku dikuma buloba, dibue, neje anyi mâyi bua kupatula mashi bimpe.
3. KUENA MUSHINDU WEBE WA KUBANDA, TETHER, NANSHA MUSOKO BUALU BUALU KU MUSHINDU WA WINCH WA HELICOPTER: Shi udi mushikile pa dibue, kuena muanji kukanga tshingoma tshia helikoptere mu tshilamba tshieba tshia dibue, tshia belay, anyi tshia pa nkayebe to. Bikala ndeke wa helikoptere mupeta tshipepele tshikole ne muimane padiye muimane ku tshimanu tshia mabue, mfumu wa bena mudimu neaenzejibue bua kuela tshiamu tshia kukosa natshi nkamba tshidi tshituta (guillotine), udi upuekesha tshiamu tshia mitaku ne ukushiya mu tshitupa. Bindile bua mumanyi wa malu a dipandisha dia bintu bua kupueka ne kulombola bionso bidi bikuata.
4. KUENA LASER POINTER, STROBE, NANSHA HIGH-LUMEN HEAMPLE KU COCKPIT PADI MULOMBODI WAKUMONA: Butuku, bendeshi ba ndeke batu benza mudimu ne Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) idi ikolesha butoke misangu 10,000. Kukenkesha muendu mutoke wa kumpala, toshete, anyi laser ku ndeke wa helikoptere udi wenda usemena kudi kufofomija bena mudimu ba ndeke ne kubasaka bua kulekela. Jima miendu yonso ya strobe ne ela muendu webe wa ku mutu panshi ku makasa ebe dîba didi ndeke wa helikoptere witaba muaba uudi.
5. IMANA NE MUKA WEBE KU LUPEPE MU Y ("EYOWA") MUSHINDU WA KUIMANA Kuvuala BUALU BUA KUKUBILA MESU: Imana ku muelelu wa tshibandabanda ne lupepele kunyima kuebe, uvuala manyanu a ski anyi makalashi a dîba diakamue bua kukuba mêsu ebe ku nsenga idi ifofomija mêsu/tshibumba tshia rotor, ne uteke maboko ebe onso abidi mulu mu angle wa 45-degree bua kuenza dileta dia buloba (Yes" /Eyowa, ndi dijinga ne diambuluisha apa")**.
6. KUSEBIDI NANSHA KU HELICOPTERE UDI MUFUNDE KU NYIMA NANSHA KU LUSEKO LUA MUTU: Kuendedi nansha kakese mutangile ku tshibuelelu tshia mukila (invisible spinning tail rotor blade hazard), ne kuenda nansha kakese mupuekele mutangile ku ndeke wa helikoptere muimane mu nseke (the main rotor disc dips close to head height on the uphill side). Bindila mu tshimuenekelu tshijima tshia dididishi dia muendeshi wa ndeke mu dîba 3 anyi 9 (anyi 45 degrés ku mushiku) too ne padi mfumu wa bena mudimu ukuela tshianza anyi upatuka bua kukulombola.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: difika dia ndeke wa mvita, muaba wa kupuekela ne disungula dia tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu, ne dipatuka¶

Londa mudimu ewu dîba diudi umvua biamu bia rotor anyi upeta dianyisha dia satellite dia se: ambulanse wa muulu anyi ndeke wa SAR udi ulua:

flowchart TD
    Inbound["SAR / Medevac Helicopter Inbound (Bijadika ku diambuluisha dia Satellite SOS, VHF Ch 16, anyi Rotor Sound)"] --> FOD["1. KUKOMBA BIA BIAKUDILA LUMUE (Mu bule bua 100 m / 330 ft):: Kupula ntenta yonso -> Uteke bintu bia munda mua bibombi, bifulu bia munda mua bibombi -> Bibombi bia bujitu muinshi mua mabue -> Vuala manyanu a mêsu ne tshifulu/tshifulu tshidi ne tshilamba tshia ku tshibeku"]
    FOD --> Terrain{"2. Udi Muaba kayi?"}
    Terrain -->|"Buloba bululame / Mpata (Dibandila <= 8 degrés)"| PrepLZ["LONGOLOLA 30m x 30m (100ft x 100ft) MUABA WA KUFIKA:: Tangila bua kumanya ni kudi nshinga ya pa mutu ne bintu bidi bifue -> Ela tshiamu tshia lupepele anyi teka tshilamba tshia orange tshidi tshikenka muinshi mua mabue -> Imana ku muelelu wa lupepele mu tshimanyishilu tshia 'Y'"]
    Terrain -->|"Dibue dinene, tshisuku tshia muitu, neje mikole, anyi buatu buunzulula mu mbuu"| PrepHoist["DILONGOLOLA BUA HOVER HOIST / WINCH EXTRACTION:: KUDISHIMIKI ku biamu bidi bipangisha dipatula -> Kumbusha matamba/antenne adi kaayi malelela -> Longolola mubedi mu tshilamba tshia hypothermie"]
    PrepLZ --> NightCheck{"3. I butuku anyi butoke bukese?"}
    PrepHoist --> NightCheck
    NightCheck -->|"EYOWA: Midimu ya butuku (Bena mudimu ba NVGs)"| LightOff["SHIA STROBES & KUTEKA MUENDE KU COCKPIT:: Padi pilote wela muendu wa dipueka anyi mu tshijengu, ujime strobes -> Ela muendu mukese panshi panshi/mubedi nkayende"]
    NightCheck -->|"NO: Midimu ya munya"| DaySig["Dikalashi dia tshimanyishilu tshia ku Horizon/Cockpit Anu too ne padi Pilote ulenga mapuapua anyi ukenkesha butoke bua dipueka -> Pashishe Imana Ditalala"]
    LightOff --> Mode{"4. Ndeke wa helikoptere udi upueka anyi ubanda bua kubandishibua anyi?"}
    DaySig --> Mode
    Mode -->|"Ndeke wa helikoptere udi upueka panshi"| ApproachRule["INDILA TO TO NE TO TO TO TO TO BIDI BANTU BADI BUA KUKULEJA:: Semena ANYI ku luseke lua kuinshi (3 anyi 9 / 45 deg ku mushiku) -> Kuinama panshi -> Kuambula mitshi ya kuendesha nayi/ski mululame nansha kakese -> Kuenda pabuipi ne mukila nansha kakese"]
    Mode -->|"Ndeke wa helikoptere udi upueka ne upuekesha nkamba / tshibombi / musungidi"| StaticRule["INDILA BUA BUALU BUA BULOBA/MAYI:: Lekela tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshingoma, anyi tshibombi tshilenga panshi/mayi KUMPALA bua kupatula 200kV static -> Kuela tshiamu tshiebe nansha kakese ku tshingoma -> Londa mêyi a Winchman"]

Tshitupa 1: Mushindu kayi wa kusungula, kujikija, ne kuela tshimanyinu pa muaba wa tshimpitshimpi wa ndeke wa helikoptere (HLZ)¶

Nansha ndeke wa lupandu udi mua kufika pa nkata yende (Land-and-Load, udi wangata minite 3 ne udi ne njiwu mikese) anyi udi muenzejibue bua kuenza mudimu wa njiwu wa motere umue-margin hover-hoist udi ulonda anu Helicopter Landing Zone (HLZ) udi usungula ne ulongolola pa buloba.

1. Mikenji ya mbulamatadi ya NATO / USCG / Mountain Rescue HLZ¶

Paudi ukeba muaba udi pabuipi ne muaba uvua njiwu mienzeke, enza mudimu ne P-S-O-W (Point of Touchdown, Slope, Obstacles, Wind) malu adibu balomba:

2. Buteyi bua muulu bua bunene bua muulu (Why Valleys & Ridges Affect Hover Power)¶

Ku mikuna mitumbuke (> 2,500 to 4,000 meters / 8,200 to 13,000 feet) mu dinda dia mashika, kapepe kakese (high density altitude) udi ukepesha bukole bua rotor munene ne bukole bua tubalu tua turbine. - Ndeke wa helikoptere udi mua kuenda pambelu pa buloba pa mutu pa mbuu udi mua kayi ne bukole bua kubandila pa mutu pa tshina tshia muitu anyi pa mutu pa tshina tshia muitu tshidi katshiyi tshiendakana ku bule bua metre 3500. - Shi udi mua kuya ne mubedi mu bule bua metre 100 mu bukubi: patukila mu mabue a mabaya adi kaayi ne lupepele, pa tshibandilu tshiunzuluke, tshibalakane anyi pa tshibasa tshia mu mikuna mudi lupepele lua laminar lufila dibandisha dia dishintuluka ne lupesha muendeshi wa ndeke njila muimpe wa kunyema udi uya panshi.

3. Kuela tshimanyinu pa miaba ya neje ne ya nsenga (Preventing Pilot "Whiteout" and "Brownout")¶

Padi ndeke wa helikoptere wenda pa mutu pa neje ya lupuishi anyi pa buloba buume bua mu tshipela, rotor downwash udi ututa ditu dia neje didi difofomija mêsu (whiteout) anyi lupuishi (brownout) pa mutu pa nzubu wa ndeke, udi umbusha muendeshi wa ndeke bintu bia kumona mu tusunsa 3: 1. Pack Down a Snow Pad: Mu neje mikole, enza mudimu ne nsapatu ya neje anyi ski bua kudiata panshi pa tshibandilu tshikole tshia \(10\text{ m} \times 10\text{ m}\) (\(33\text{ ft} \times 33\text{ ft}\)) minite 20 kumpala kua neje kufika. 2. Ela bimanyinu bia dishilangana dia bintu bifiike pa neje mitoke (Depth Perception References): - Pa tshibandabanda tshitoke anyi pa tshibandabanda tshia neje tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu, bendeshi ba ndeke kabena mua kumanya ni mashinyi abu adi pa mutu pa neje metre 10 anyi santimetre 10 to (flat-light illusion). - Teka panshi matamba a pine, mabue mafiike, anyi milonda mishindame pabuipi ne muaba wa kufika, anyi ela bujitu bua tshilamba tshia orange tshitoke muinshi mua mabue a kilo 20 ku muelelu wa lupepele bua kupesha muendeshi wa ndeke tshimanyinu tshia 3D tshia bunene ne njila wa lupepele.

Tshitupa 2: Fizike wa nzembu wa rotor ne mikenji ya dipatula dia tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu¶

Shi buloba budi ne mikuna mikole, mitshi, anyi mabue bua kufika, anyi shi udi pa tshibandilu tshia buatu mu mbuu, ndeke wa helikoptere neikale muulu mutantshi wa metre 15 too ne ku 45 (50 too ne ku 150 feet) ne neatume tshiamu tshiende tshia kusungila natshi bantu (using 4.76 mm / 3/16 in braided stainless-steel aircraft cable).

1. Bua tshinyi ndeke udi wenda muulu udi ne 100,000 too ne ku 300,000 Volts ya bukole budi kabuyi bushintuluka¶

Bu mudi mabeji a rotor a helikoptere endakana mu lupepele ne lubilu lua Mach 0.65 (\(750\text{ km/h} / 465\text{ mph}\)), molecule ya lupepele, mabue a mashika, ntete ya neje, mâyi a mukele anyi lupuishi bidi bituilangana ne miele ya kumpala ya mabeji. - Triboelectric charging eyi idi yenza bukole bua bungi bua nzembu mu tshitupa tshia ndeke tshidi pa nkayatshi: - Kapepe ka mu Mbuu: \(30,000\text{ to }80,000\text{ volts}\). - Kapepe ka mu mikuna / Neje anyi Lupuishi lua mu tshipela: \(150,000\text{ to }300,000+\text{ volts}\) udi mua kufila tshipepele tshikole tshia capacitive discharge padiye mubuela mu mubidi wa muntu. - Kukuata tshiamu tshia 200,000-volt ku tshianza tshiebe tshia patupu kudi kufikisha ku dikokangana dia misunyi ya tetanic (dikuela panyima pa dibue anyi pa buatu), disama dia diboko dia tshitupa tshîpi, anyi disama dia mutshima.

2. Mushindu kayi wa kuela tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu panshi, tshiamu tshia kuela nabi bintu, tshiamu tshia kuela nabi bintu anyi tshibombi¶

   [ Hovering Rescue Helicopter (Charged to 100,000 - 300,000 Volts Static) ]
                                  |
                                  |  4.76 mm Braided Steel Hoist Cable
                                  |
                         (DANGER: DO NOT TOUCH IN AIR)
                                  |
                                  v
                       [ Heavy Swivel Hoist Hook ]
                                  |
                                  +---> [ Trailing Grounding Wire / Static Wick ]
                                  |     (Touches Ground/Water 1-2 m Before Hook)
   ===============================+===========================================
      GROUND / ROCK / SNOW / SEA SURFACE (Safe to Touch ONLY After Contact)

Londa bulongame ebu mu tshikondo tshionso tshia mudimu wa dibandisha: 1. Lama bianza biebe ku nseke yebe padi tshiamu tshienda tshipueka: Nansha mudi bena mudimu bapuekesha Rescue Strop, Rescue Basket, Stokes Litter, Forest Penetrator, anyi Hoist Rescuer udi ne muoyo, imana panyima metre 2 bua tshiamu tshidi tshinyunguluka katshiyi tshikuata mutu webe to. 2. Indila dilengeja dia buloba bujima: - Bintu bia bungi bia kusungila nabi bantu ne bibombi bidi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku/tshiamu tshia 1,5 tshia metre static discharge cable (earthing lead) udi ulenga kuinshi kuabu. Bindile too ne padi tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshienda ne muinshi mua tshibombi, tshibombi, anyi bisabata bia musungidi bimana bikole panshi, pa dibue, pa neje anyi pa mutu pa mbuu. - Tshilumbu tshia pa buadi - Dibue diume, Mazuwa a buatu a fibre de verre, anyi Mashinyi a neige maume: Mashinyi a mazuwa a granite maume ne a fibre de verre kaena ne bukole bua kulombola nzembu to. Pa buatu budi mu mbuu, bena mudimu ba Coast Guard nebatue tshibombi/tshibombi mu mbuu wa mâyi a mukele ku luseke lua tshilamba tshia buatu kumpala kumpala kua kutshinyungulula pa mutu pa tshibandilu tshiebe; kuangatshi tshingoma kumpala kua bena mudimu kutshibueja mu mbuu anyi kulekela tshingoma tshia panshi tshilonda pa tshiamu tshia mashika. 3. Lama malanda paudi wenza mudimu (anyi upingaje pa buloba pikalabu bamubandishe): - Bualu bua biamu bidi binyunguluka bidi bitungunuka ne kupingaja bukole budi kabuyi bushintuluka mu sekonde yonso padi ndeke wa helikoptere wenda unyunguluka, pikala muendeshi wa ndeke mubande metre 2 ne mubandishe tshibombi panshi munkatshi mua tusunsa 5, tshiamu tshidi tshipingana diakamue too ne ku 100 000+ volts. Lekelayi ilenga kabidi panshi kumpala kua kuyilenga musangu muibidi.

3. Bua tshinyi kuena ne tshia kulamakaja tshiamu tshieba anyi nkamba ku tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi (The Guillotine Rule)¶

Mu dibanda dia mabue ne dipandisha dia mikuna pa mpala mimane, babandi ba mikuna batu imue misangu bateta bua kuambuluisha pa kukuata tshiamu tshia kubandila natshi bintu tshidi tshipueka ne kuela tshiamu tshiabu tshia dikuba natshi anyi tshilamba tshia kukanga natshi. - Bua tshinyi bualu ebu budi bushipa bantu: Ndeke wa helikoptere udi wenda muulu mutantshi wa metre 10 ku tshimanu tshia dibue udi mu njiwu ya luya lua tshimpitshimpi lua ku mukuna, luya lua panshi, ne njiwu ya dipatuka dia rotor. Bikala ndeke wa helikoptere mupuekeshibue kunyima kudi tshipepele tshidi tshipueka eku tshiamu tshiende tshia tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu tshilamakaja ku tshilamba tshishindame pa dibue (anyi ku muntu udi ubanda muulu utshidi musuikila ku tshilamba tshia dibue), ndeke neakoke ne mpala panshi mu mpala wa dibue. - Tshiamu tshionso tshia kusungila natshi bantu tshidi ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshikosa nkamba (the guillotine) udi ulombodibua kudi tshintu tshikunze tshidi pa tshisumbu tshia muendeshi wa ndeke ne pa tshilamba tshia muendeshi wa mashinyi. Bikala muntu udi mupanduke muele tshintu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu ku tshintu tshionso tshidi tshilamakaja pa buloba anyi pa buatu, bena mudimu ne batute guillotine diakamue, nebakose tshiamu tshia mitaku ne bapangishe mudimu webe wa kukusungila. - Mushindu muimpe wa kuenza mudimu ne dibue anyi dibue: Ikala mulamakaja ku dibue diebe, ikala ne bianza bionso bibidi kule ne tshintu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu, lekela Winchman / Rescue Specialist wa ndeke wa helikoptere apuekele pa nkamba ya dibue ku dibue diebe, ne lekela bobu bakulamakaja ku tshiamu tshiabu tshia kusungila natshi anyi ku tshilamba kumpala kua kukupatula ku dibue.

4. Mushindu kayi wa kwingidija tshiamu tshionso tshia kubandisha natshi ndeke (bikalatshi tshipueka kakuyi muntu udi utshisungila)¶

Mu bipupu bia lupepele lukole, bia muulu, anyi bia mu mbuu mudi dipuekesha dia muntu udi usungila bantu dipita bujitu/bukole anyi bukubi bua mu mbuu, ndeke wa helikoptere neapuekeshe tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi bintu buludiludi kuudi:

Tshitupa 3: Bimanyinu bia kumona bia panshi ne lupepele ne mikenji ya dimanyishangana dia ku rédio¶

Netuambe tshinyi pikala batterie webe wa satellite mufue anyi kuyi ne tshisanji padi ndeke wa dikebulula upueka mu tshibandabanda tshiebe? Enza mudimu ne ICAO / IAMSAR / NATO Ground-to-Air Visual Signals:

1. Mubidi wa mubidi ne bimanyinu bia panshi¶

1. Tshimanyishilu tshia mubidi tshia "Y" (YES - Need Assistance / Land Here):
2. Imana mululame munkatshi mua tshibandabanda ne mukolo webe ku lupepele ne maboko onso abidi mabandisha mu angle wa 45-degree pa mutu bua kuenza dileta Y.
3. Dîba didi muendeshi wa ndeke upingana ku njila wa ndekelu, pueka ku dikasa dimue (The Touchdown Marshal Knee) ne mukolo webe ku lupepele ku muelelu wa lupepele lua \(30\text{ m} \times 30\text{ m}\), mukuate maboko onso abidi maolola kumpala uleja muaba wa dikuma.
4. Tshimanyinu tshia "N" / tshianza tshimue (NO - Do Not Need Help / All OK):
5. Kuena mua kuela tshianza tshimue tshia tshianana kudi ndeke wa dipandisha udi upita anu bua kumuela kalumbandi to. Shi kuyi mu dikenga ne ndeke wa dikeba udi wenda ukutangila, ikala ne diboko dimue mulu ne diboko dikuabu panshi ku 45 degrés (N = No assistance needed) paudi utungunuka ne kuenda mu ditalala mu njila.
6. Bimanyinu bia neje / dibue dia panshi too ne ku lupepele (Minimum 3 Meters / 10 Feet Tall):
7. V: Udi dijinga ne diambuluisha
8. X: Udi dijinga ne diambuluisha dia munganga (Muntu udi mutapike)
9. N: Tòo / Kabiyi
10. Y: Eyowa / Eyowa
11. -> (Mukete munene): Tuenda mu njila eu

2. Mushindu kayi wa kufila "9-Line / MIST" LZ Brief ku diambuluisha dia meyi a satellite anyi VHF Radio¶

Shi udi utuma SAR mesaje ku diambuluisha dia Garmin inReach / Apple Satellite SOS anyi kuakula ne ndeke wa dipandisha bantu pa VHF Marine Channel 16 (156.800 MHz) anyi 121.5 MHz, tuma bintu bitanu ebi: 1. Coordonnées + Elevation: Exact WGS84 Lat/Long (e.g., 36.5785 N, 118.2923 W) ne bule (3,400 m / 11,150 ft). 2. Bujitu bua mubedi ne bungi buabu: "muntu mulume umue mutapike, 85 kg (187 lb) + 15 kg pack, kayi wendakana; muena dibaka umue kayi mutapike to." (Baendeshi ba ndeke badi dijinga ne bujitu bulelela bua kubala bukole bua dibandila muulu). 3. LZ Slope & Obstacles: "Neige 30x30m 50m ku est kua mubedi; 5-degree slope down to south; 15m pine trees on north edge; zero wires." 4. Lupepele lua pa mutu ne tshimuenekelu: "Lupepele lua ku Ouest ku 25 km/h (15 nodes); diulu ditoke." 5. Mushindu wa kuela tshimanyinu: "Muendeshi wa mikuna muvuale tshilamba tshia neon-orange mufukame ku muelelu kua LZ."

Tshitupa 4: Mudimu wa dibandisha dia ndeke ya mu mayi ku buatu bukese, buatu bua mayi, anyi kayak¶

Kubandishibua ku buatu bua mayi, buatu bua mashinyi, anyi kayak wa mu mbuu kudi balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi (USCG, RNLI, MCA, AMSA) helicoptere udi dijinga ne dilongolola dia pa buadi dia pa buatu bualu mabaya, biamu bia mudimu, ne dienda dia mazuwa bidi mua kufikisha ku njiwu mikole.

1. Dilongolola dia buatu bua mayi ne buatu bua mashinyi bua kuya mu njila wa helikoptere¶

1. Puekesha mazuwa onso ne ulama tshibandilu:
2. Mutshi mule wa buatu (12 to 20+ meters) udi wenza mudimu bu tshintu tshinene tshidi tshienda tshienda mu diulu padi mbuu wenda unyunguluka, tshienza buôwa bua kukuma ndeke wa mvita anyi kunyanga tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi bintu.
3. Ela ne ulamakaja mazuwa onso, ulamakaja tshiamu tshinene tshia mazuwa bikole ku tshibandilu anyi ku tshibandilu bua katshiyi mua kunyunguluka, ne puekesha anyi upuekesha antenne yonso ya tshingoma, biamu bia kuela nabi mazuwa, bimanu bia bimini, ne mionji ya kuloba nayi.
4. Lama njila wa Steerageway (Wind 15 to 30 Degrees on the Port Bow):
5. Pa kumbusha pikala muendeshi wa ndeke ukuambila ku diambuluisha dia VHF Channel 16 bua kuya mu mayi, mushindu wa kubandisha buatu udi ulomba mulombodi wa buatu bua kuya kumpala ku 5 too ne ku 8 nodes ne lupepele lua bushuwa 15 too ne ku 30 degrés ku tshitudilu tshia mazuwa (ku dia bakaji). Ebi bidi bikepesha dienda dia buatu ne bidi bipesha pilote udi musombe ku dia balume mushindu wa kumona bimpe tshitupa tshiebe tshia kunyima.
6. Kulama "Hi-Line / Trail Line" wa Orange pa Deck:
7. Kumpala kua kupuekesha tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshidi ku luseke lua tshibandilu tshiebe, muena mudimu wa dibandisha neapuekeshe tshibombi tshia bujitu tshilamakaja ku tshingoma tshikese tshia polypropylene (the trail line).
8. LEKELA MUSHINDU WA BUJITU UTENGE MAYI ANYI MUDIMU WA BUJITU KUMPALA, pashishe wangate tshingoma tshia orange ne ukoke mu tshitupa tshidi bena mudimu bapuekesha tshibombi tshia lupandu batangile ku tshibandilu tshiebe tshia kunyima kua mazuwa.
9. Kuena ne bua kusuika mulongo wa njila wa orange ku tshilamba tshia buatu, ku tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi ku tshiibi tshia buatu to, ne kutshikuate ku bianza anyi ku makasa ebe to (kutshisuike mu tshibombi anyi pa tshibandilu tshimpe bua tshikale mua kufuta pikala ndeke wa helikoptere mua kupatuka).

2. Sea Kayaker anyi Packrafter Helicopter Pickup (Exit the Boat Into the Water)¶

Shi ndeke wa balami ba ku muelelu wa mayi ufika bua kukusungila mu buatu bua mu mbuu, mu buatu, anyi mu buatu bukese budibu bapuekesha: - Kuikadi musombe mu buatu bua mu mayi bupepele anyi mu buatu budi bupueka muinshi mua ndeke wa helikoptere. Disukula dia tshiamu tshia 130-km/h (80-mph) nedikudimune kayak wa kilo 20 anyi neditume buatu budibu mua kupuekesha mu lupepele. - Shi muena mayi udi ukusungila udi ukuambila bualu bukuabu, ikala ne zip wa tshilamba tshiebe tshia kupandisha natshi bantu (PFD) mushindame, upatuke mu buatu bua kuya mu mayi, ne lekela muena mayi (AST) kukuela mu tshibombi anyi mu tshibombi mu mayi.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Paudi ulomba anyi wenza mudimu wa dikeba ne disungila dia ndeke ya helikoptere (SAR), enza mudimu ne njila eyi:

• États-Unis ne Canada:
• Buloba / Mukuna SAR: Dibikila 911 anyi kuenza InReach / iPhone Satellite SOS anyi 406 MHz PLB (mulombola ku diambuluisha dia AFRCC mu États-Unis anyi JRCC mu Canada kudi County Sheriff SAR, National Park Service NPS Bisumbu bia mutantshi mukese, USAF Pararescue PJs, anyi Parks Canada Visitor Safety).
• Maritime SAR: Mvula wa mabue United States Coast Guard (USCG) anyi Balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi ba mu Canada (CCG) pa VHF Marine Channel 16 (156.800 MHz) anyi kuenza EPIRB.
• Bukalenge bua ditunga:
• Dial 999 anyi 112: Lomba Bampulushi -> Mountain Rescue munda mua ditunga, anyi HM Coastguard (MCA) ku mbuu (VHF Ch 16).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu ne Suisse:
• Dial 112 mu matunga onso adi mu UE (PGHM mu France, CNSAS mu Italie, Bergwacht mu Allemagne, OeBRD mu Autriche). Mu Suisse, funda 1414 bua REGA (Swiss Air-Rescue).
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Dial 000 mu Australie (AMSA udi ukuata 406 MHz bimanyinu) anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande (RCCNZ).
• India ne Asia-Pacifique:
• Mu India, funda 112 (Indian Air Force / SDRF dipatula dia bintu bia muulu). Mu Nepal, yukila ne bampulushi ba benyi (1144) anyi tshisumbu tshia Himalaya Rescue Association (HRA). Mu Japon, funda 110 (Bampulushi ba ku mukuna), 119 (Ndeke wa kapia/wa tshipupu), anyi 118 (Balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi ba mu Japon).

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi udi ne tshia kulekela tshingoma anyi tshibombi tshia ndeke tshia helikoptere tshilenga panshi kumpala kua kutshikuata?¶

Padi bipese bia ndeke ya helikoptere bipita mu lupepele pabuipi ne 750 km/h (465 mph), dikokangana ne molecule ya lupepele, lupuishi, neje anyi mâyi a mukele didi dikolesha 100 000 too ne ku 300 000 volts ya nzembu idi kayiyi ishintuluka mu tshitupa tshia ndeke tshia tshiamu. Wewe mubandile tshianza ne mulenga tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia winch, tshingoma, anyi tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia kupandisha natshi paditshi tshitshidi tshilengeja mu lupepele, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshibuela diakamue mu bianza biebe ne mubidi webe mu buloba anyi mu mbuu, tshikupesha tshikuma tshidi mua kukukulula panshi anyi kukuela panshi pa dibue. Kuindila sekonde umo bua tshiamu tshia buloba tshidi tshilonda anyi tshibombi tshifike panshi anyi mâyi adi apatula tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshienda bimpe.

Ndeke wa lupandu udi dijinga ne muaba munene kayi bua kufikaye bimpe?¶

Ambulance wa bantu ba tshianana anyi helikoptere wa dipandisha bantu mu mikuna (bu mudi Airbus H145 anyi Bell 407) udi dijinga ne muaba udi kauyi ne tshintu tshidi mua kumupangisha udi ne bule bua metre 30 ku metre 30 (metre 100 ku metre 100) bua rotor yende ikale kule ne matamba, ne tshipiminu tshikole tshia metre 10-ku-100 (33-by-33-foot) tshitupa tshia munkatshi mudi tshibandilu tshidi muinshi mua 5 to ne 8 degrés. Ma helikoptere manene a basalayi anyi a balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi (bu mudi Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk anyi AW139) adi akengela muaba wa bule bua metre 45 too ne ku 60 (150 too ne ku 200-foot). Shi kakuena muaba wa patupu, bena mudimu nebabandile pa mutu ne nebakuate mudimu ne tshiamu tshiabu tshia kupandisha natshi bantu.

Bua tshinyi kushiya ntenta anyi tshilamba tshia kulala tshia foam tshiyi tshisuika pabuipi ne muaba udi ndeke wa helikoptere upueka kudi ne njiwu?¶

Ndeke wa ndeke udi wenda muulu udi utuma kapepe panshi ku lubilu lua 100 too ne ku 160+ km/h (60 too ne ku 100+ mph), wenza tshipupu tshia pambelu tshidi tshipingana mulu ne tshipingana ku mutu kua biamu bia rotor. Ntenta yonso, tshilamba tshia kulala, tshilamba tshia kulala, tshilamba tshia mvula, anyi tshilamba tshia Mylar tshidi tshishala mutantshi wa metre 60 too ne ku 100 (200 too ne ku 330 feet) ne ndeke wa helikoptere udi mua kupatuka panshi ne kubuela mu tshibuelelu tshia luya lua motere anyi mu tshiamu tshia mukila tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka, ne kuenza tshipupu. Misangu yonso, ikala upuekesha ntenta ne uteke bintu bionso panshi muinshi mua mabue manene kumpala kua ndeke wa helikoptere kufikaye.

Bua tshinyi mubandi wa mikuna kena ne tshia kulamakaja tshingoma tshienda anyi tshingoma ku tshiamu tshia kubandisha natshi ndeke wa helikoptere?¶

Shi muntu udi ubanda mukuna muele tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia helikoptere mu dibue didi dishindame pa mutu pa dibue (anyi musuike tshingoma atshi ku tshilamba tshiabu kumpala kua kutshipatula ku tshingoma tshia ku dibue), ndeke udi wenda muulu udi mulamakaja ku mukuna. Shi tshipepele tshikole tshisaka ndeke wa helikoptere pambelu anyi mulu, nkamba mikole neyitute ndeke mu tshimanu tshia dibue. Bua kuepuka dikuluka, muena mudimu yonso wa tshiamu tshia kusungila natshi bantu udi ne tshiamu tshia pyrotechnique tshidi tshikosa nkamba (tshia guillotine) ne netshikose nkamba ya tshiamu pikala muntu udi mupanduke mua kulamakaja tshingoma ku tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshishintuluka.

Ndi ne tshia kutemesha muendu wanyi anyi muendu wa strobo mu ndeke wa dipandisha bantu butuku bua muendeshi wa ndeke amone anyi?¶

Ingidija anu strobo anyi muendu wa tshimanyishilu too ne padi ndeke wa mvita ukumona ne ukudimuka muaba uudi; Dîba didi muendeshi wa ndeke ukuanyisha, ujimije miendu yonso ya strobe ne kuena ne bua kutemesha muendu wa ku mutu, wa toshete anyi wa laser mutangile ku nzubu wa ndeke to. Bena ndeke badi basungila bantu badi benda mu ndeke butuku bavuale manyanu a kumona nawu butuku (NVGs) adi akolesha butoke misangu 10 000. Kukenkesha muendu mutoke wa LED anyi strobe kudi ndeke kudi kutokesha biamu biabu bia kumona nabi butuku, kufofomija bendeshi ba ndeke padibu basemena pabuipi. Leja muendu wa low-mode buludiludi ku makasa ebe anyi pa tshibandilu tshia neje.

Njila kayi undi ne bua kulonda pandi nsemena anyi nshiya ndeke wa helikoptere udi mupuekele pa mukuna?¶

Imanyina too ne padi muena mudimu kampanda ukupesha tshianza tshimpe anyi ukuela tshianza, pashishe semena pabuipi ne umbuka mu tshitupa tshia panshi tshia ndeke wa helikoptere mu tshitupa tshia kumpala tshia pilote (muaba wa dîba 3 anyi 9, anyi 45 degrés ku mushiku). Kuendedi nansha kakese ku luseke lua kuulu lua ndeke wa helikoptere, mudi biamu bia rotor binene bidi binyunguluka bisombe pabuipi ne bule bua mutu, ne kuendedi nansha kakese panyima pa nzubu pabuipi ne tshibandilu tshia mukila, muaba udi rotor wa mukila wa lubilu lukole kayi umueneka to.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Muendeshi wa nkasa udi mutshibuke tshikasa, tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi tshia patupu, ne dienza dia PLB
• Kujimina paudi wenda pa mikuna anyi mu tshitudilu: STOP protocole ne dimanyisha
• Dibutuka dia buatu ne dipanduka mu mayi mashika
• Kayak wa mu mbuu ne paddleboard lupepele lua ku muelelu wa mâyi ne dipanduka dia njila wa mazuwa

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Bulongolodi bua pa buloba bujima bua malu a pa mâyi (IMO) & Bulongolodi bua malu a ndeke a pa buloba bujima (ICAO): Dikebulula ne disungila dia malu a ndeke ne a pa mâyi a pa buloba bujima (IAMSAR) Mukanda: Midimu ya dibandisha dia helikoptere, Dishintulula dia Hi-Line, ne Bimanyinu bia kumona bia panshi too ne mu lupepele.
• Balami ba ku muelelu wa mâyi ba mu États-Unis (USCG Bena mudimu ba mu buatu ne mikanda ya bamanyi ba mudimu wa dipanduka mu ndeke) & Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI, UK): Njila ya dishintulula dia tshiamu tshia nzembu, Mikenji ya diteka dia nzembu pa buloba, ne Dilongolola dia tshitekelu tshia mazuwa mu mbuu.
• Tshibambalu tshia buloba bujima tshia dipandisha dia mikuna (ICAR / CISA-IKAR) & UIAA (International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation): Mountain Rescue Helicopter Landing Zone (HLZ) Mikenji, Dinyanguka dia bintu bia ku babende (FOD) Dikuba, ne Dikuba dia Cliff Hoist.
• Mudimu wa madimi a ditunga (NPS Mukanda wa mudimu wa ndeke ya helikoptere ya bibambalu bia bungi - IHOG, États-Unis): Disungula dia muaba wa helispot wa mu mpata, dikonkonona dia bule bua bungi, ne mishindu ya kusungila bantu mutantshi mukese.
• Mountain Rescue Angleterre ne Pays de Galles (MREW) & Swiss Air-Rescue (REGA): Dikuba dia tshibilu tshia panshi pabuipi ne ndeke ya dipandisha bantu mu Alpine ne Night-Vision (NVG) Miaba.