Ujamu we-auger yesitofu sePellet, ukushiswa kwe-hopper, nokuchitheka kwentuthu¶

Izitofu ze-Pellet zinikeza ukufudumeza kwe-biomass okuphumelelayo, okulawulwa ngokushisa komoya amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhaya. Ngokungafani nezitofu zokhuni zendabuko ezisebenza kokusalungiswa kwemvelo, izitofu zesimanje ze-pellet ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-electromechanical. Bathembela kuma-auger kaphethiloli anenjini, ama-exhaust blower, amafeni e-convection yamagumbi, nezinzwa ze-electronic vacuum ukuze kugcinwe imijikelezo ephephile, evuthayo ngempoqo.

Uma i-auger ibopha izinhlawulo zokhuni olucindezelweyo, i-exhaust motor iyahluleka, noma umoya onamandla wangaphandle wangaphandle uhlehlisela ushimula okusalungiswa, umshini ungahluleka ngendlela eyinhlekelele. Imodi yokwehluleka eyingozi kakhulu i-hopper burn-back, lapho umlilo oshunqayo uhlehla uhlehle eduze kweshubhu lokuphakelayo le-auger uye ku-hopper enkulu yokugcina uphethiloli. Ngaphandle kokungenelela ngokushesha, i-hopper burn-back ingathungela amakhilogremu angu-18 kuya ku-36 kilogram (amakhilogremu angu-40 ukuya kumakhilogremu angu-80) wamapulangwe okhuni acindezelwe omile, agcwalise izindawo zokuhlala ngentuthu eminyene, i-carbon monoxide, nama-aldehyde anobuthi. Ukuqonda ukuthi uphathwa kanjani ukujama kwe-auger, ukucisha iqolo lokushiswa kwe-hopper, ukuphatha ukuhlehliswa okusalungiswa kukashimula, nezicupho zomlotha ezihlanzekile kuvikela ikhaya lakho emlilweni oyinhlekelele.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Khipha isitofu se-pellet ku-outlet kagesi odongeni ngokushesha. Ukunqamula amandla kalayini oyinhloko kumisa injini ye-auger drive, kunqamule ama-air blower avuthayo, futhi kuvimbela imijikelezo yokubasa ngokuzenzakalelayo ekufakeni uphethiloli owengeziwe ku-firepot.
2. Vala futhi ubophe ngokuqinile isivalo se-pellet fuel hopper. Ukuncisha umoya-mpilo ku-hopper entsha kunciphisa ukuvutha futhi kusebenzisa isivalo se-gasket se-mechanical ukuze sifake intuthu ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lensimbi.
3. Hlola ihhavini ukuthi alikho yini intuthu evuthayo noma ama-pellets akhazimulayo. Uma kuphuma intuthu kumthungo we-hopper noma uma ama-pellets ngaphakathi eshunqa, ungawaphonsi amanzi ngqo ku-hopper; amanzi andisa amapulangwe okhuni abe yingxube eqinile efana nokhonkolo ebopha unomphela indlela yokuphakelayo.
4. Cisha umlilo osebenzayo usebenzisa isicishamlilo esinekhemikhali eyomile ye-ABC. Uma amalangabi noma amalahle amakhulu kuvela ku-hopper, khipha isicishamlilo esinamakhemikhali omile aqinisekisiwe ngqo endaweni evulekile ye-hopper, bese uvala isivalo ukuze ucime umlilo.
5. Vula amawindi angaphandle futhi uphume uma kukhala intuthu noma ama-alamu e-carbon monoxide. Uma intuthu ewugqinsi yokhuni ichitheka endaweni yokuhlala noma isitholi sakho se-carbon monoxide sisebenza, khipha bonke abagibeli ngokushesha futhi ushayele abezimo eziphuthumayo ngaphandle (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom).
6. Ungalokothi uvule umnyango wengilazi yebhokisi lomlilo ngenkathi isitofu sisabhema noma siminyene. Ukuvula isicabha sengilazi kwethula ukuxhamazela komoyampilo okungase kubangele i-fireball eyingozi yangemuva noma kudonsele intuthu ephuphuthekisayo ekamelweni.

I-anatomy yemishini yesitofu se-pellet: okuphakelayo kukaphethiloli nokusalungiswa okuphoqiwe¶

Ukuqonda ukuthi isitofu se-pellet siwuhambisa kanjani uphethiloli nomoya kuveza ukuthi kungani ukujamu kwemishini kubangela izimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo. Isitofu se-pellet sakhiwe ukuze sisebenze ngaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle ehlobene negumbi, ukuvimbela intuthu ukuthi ingavuzi amagesi omnyango ezindaweni zokuhlala.

Ama-pellets ama-sawdust acindezelwe, ngokuvamile angu-6 mm kuya ku-8 mm (0.24 amayintshi ukuya ku-0.31 amayintshi) ububanzi anomswakama ongaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-8, athululelwa ku-hopper yensimbi elayisha phezulu ephethe u-18 kg kuya ku-45 kg (40 lbs kuya ku-100 lbs) kaphethiloli. Phansi kwe-hopper, isikulufu sensimbi esinenjini sizungeza ngaphakathi kweshubhu yokuphakelayo yensimbi.

flowchart TD
    A["Ukungasebenzi Kwesitofu SePellet: Kutholwe Intuthu noma Ijamu"] --> B{"Ingabe likhona ilangabi elisebenzayo noma intuthu ngaphakathi kwe-pellet hopper?"}
    B -- Yes --> C["Khipha Intambo Yamandla Ngokushesha"]
    C --> D["Khipha i-ABC Dry Chemical ibe yi-Hopper & Slam Lid"]
    D --> E["Phuma Endaweni Yokuhlala & Ushayele ku-911/112/999"]
    B -- No --> F{"Ingabe intuthu ichitheka egumbini kusuka kuma-firebox gaskets?"}
    F -- Yes --> G["Khipha Isitofu futhi UNGAvuli Umnyango Wengilazi"]
    G --> H["Vula iWindows ukuze udale iCross-Ventilation"]
    H --> I["Lindela Ukuvala Okubandayo Okuphelele & Uhlole Umkhuhlane"]
    F -- No --> J["I-Auger Motor Bound Kunhlawulo ye-Sawdust"]
    J --> K["Khipha, I-Hopper Engenalutho Ngesandla, & Sula Ishubhu ye-Auger"]

Isitimela esiletha uphethiloli: i-auger, motor, ne-drop chute¶

Uhlelo lokulethwa kwamafutha luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezididiyelwe:

1. I-auger motor kanye ne-gearbox yokunciphisa. I-auger ishayelwa i-fractional-horsepower, injini kagesi ene-torque ephezulu enethunzi esebenza ngokuphenduka oku-1 kuya koku-2 ngomzuzu (RPM). Injini ixhumeka ebhokisini lokunciphisa igiya eliqukethe insimbi eqinile noma amagiya ethusi aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza itorque enkulu ejikelezayo.
2. Ukundiza kwe-auger. I-spiral yensimbi ejikelezayo (endizayo) ithwebula ama-pellets ngaphansi kwe-hopper futhi iwahambise eduze kweshubhu elivalekile. Kuye ngejiyomethri yesitofu, i-auger ingase iphakamisele amapellets phezulu nge-engeli engu-45-degree (uhlelo lokuphakela okuphansi) noma iwasunduze aqonde kushuthi yokudonsa eqondile (uhlelo lokuphakela okuphezulu).
3. I-chute yokudonsa amandla adonsela phansi. Izitofu ze-pellet eziphakelayo phezulu zifaka i-chute yokuwa eqondile ehlukanisa phezulu kweshubhu le-auger nebhodwe elishisayo elingezansi. Lokhu kwehla okuqondile kudala igebe lomoya elivulekile eliklanywe njengesinqamuleli somlilo esibonakalayo. Ngokombono, amalangabi ebhodweni lokushiswa awakwazi ukweqa leli gebe elivulekile lokudonsa liye eshubhuni ye-auger. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugeleza komoya kuhlehla noma uma ama-pellets enqwabelanisa emlonyeni wokudonsa, lesi sinqamuli somlilo siyehluleka.

Okusalungiswa okuphoqiwe kuqhathaniswa nokusalungiswa kwemvelo: indima ye-exhaust blower¶

Ngokungafani nezitofu ze-cordwood ezithembele kuphela kokusalungiswa kukashimula wemvelo odalwe umoya oshisayo okhuphukayo, izitofu ze-pellet zisebenzisa i-exhaust blower kagesi:

I-exhaust blower ihlala ku-exhaust eningi ezansi komfula, iphotha ku-2,500 kuya ku-3,000 RPM.

Idonsa umoya ovuthayo ngepayipi elikhiphayo elingaphandle, linqamule isibasi sikagesi, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ebhodweni lokushiswa kwensimbi, futhi liphumele ngaphandle ngamashubhu okushintsha ukushisa.

Ngokudonsa umoya ebhokisini lomlilo, isiphephetha-moya sigcina ukucindezela okumile okunegethivu ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo. Ngisho noma ama-gaskets eminyango anobuthakathaka obuncane, umoya udonselwa ngaphakathi kunokuba intuthu iphumele ngaphandle endlini.

Uma i-exhaust blower injini yehluleka, uma ama-fan blade engcoliswa umlotha wempukane ominyene, noma uma amandla ephela ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusha okusebenzayo, ukucindezela okungalungile kuyehla ngokushesha.

I-Hopper burn-back: Mechanics, chemistry, kanye ne-containment¶

I-Hopper burn-back imelela isimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi kakhulu esihlobene nezitofu ze-pellet. Kwenzeka lapho ukushiswa kubuyisela emuva indlela, ukusuka ebhodweni elishisayo ukuya emuva ku-chute yokudonsa kanye neshubhu ye-auger ukuya ku-fuel hopper.

Uma umlilo usuzibambele ngaphakathi kwe-hopper, inqwaba yamapulangwe okhuni acindezelwe ashintsha asuke endaweni yokugcina uphethiloli ayiswe kumthwalo ongaphelele wesakhiwo.

Iqala kanjani i-burn-back: ukusabela kweketango¶

I-Hopper burn-back idinga ukulandelana okuthile kokuhluleka komshini kanye ne-aerodynamic:

• Ibhuloho le-Burnpot pellet lichichima futhi lichichima. Uma i-auger iphakela ama-pellets ngokushesha kunalokho angashisa, noma uma amapellets ekhwalithi ephansi anokuqukethwe komlotha ophezulu akha i-clinker (i-slag ehlanganisiwe efana nengilazi yesilika nomlotha) phezu kwezimbobo zomoya wembiza yokushiswa, umoya ovuthayo uyakhawulelwa. Ama-pellets angashisiwe anqwabelana ngaphakathi ebhodweni aze afinyelele phansi kwe-chute yokudonsa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukucindezela okunegethivu kwebhokisi lomlilo. Uma ama-pellets evala i-chute yokudonsa, noma lapho isiphephetha-moya sincipha, i-gradient engalungile iyahluleka. Esikhundleni sokudonsa umoya phansi kwe-chute yokudonsa ku-exhaust manifold, amagesi ashisayo ashisayo aqala ukukhuphukela phezulu nge-chute yokudonsa.
• I-thermal conduction eduze kwe-auger shaft. Njengoba amalahle ashunqayo ehlala emlonyeni weshubhu le-auger, ukushisa kubuyela emuva kundiza eqinile ne-feed casing. Amazinga okushisa ngaphakathi kweshubhu afinyelela ku-250 °C kuya ku-350 °C (482 °F kuya ku-662 °F), edlula umkhawulo wokubola oshisayo wokhuni.
• I-pyrolysis kanye nokufuduka kwegesi eshintshashintshayo. Amapulangwe ezinkuni ngaphakathi kweshubhu le-auger aqala ukubola (ukubola ngokushisa ngaphandle komlilo ovulekile), akhiphe amagesi okhuni avuthayo (i-methane, i-carbon monoxide, i-methanol, netiyela lezinkuni ezihwamukile). Lawa magesi ahambela phezulu aye ku-hopper.
• I-Hopper ignition. Uma isivalo se-hopper gasket somile, siqhekekile, noma singaxhunywanga ngendlela efanele, umoya uvuzela ngaphakathi ukuphakela amagesi aguquguqukayo. Ingaphambili elishunqayo liyathunqa, liguqule isivalo sikaphethiloli sibe ihhashi lamalahle elivutha kancane, elishunqa kakhulu.

Burnpot (Clinker Blocks Air)

      | Thermal conduction & flame bridge
Drop Chute (Pellet Accumulation)

      | Pyrolysis gases migrate upward
Auger Tube (Wood Fines Smolder)

      | Fire penetrates storage bin
Pellet Hopper (Smoldering 18kg to 45kg Fuel Load)

Kungani amanzi kungafanele neze asetshenziswe ezindaweni ezishile ze-hopper¶

Lapho abanikazi bezindlu bebona intuthu ikhuphuka ku-pellet hopper yabo, umuzwa wabo wemvelo osheshayo uwukulahla ibhakede lamanzi phezu kwama-pellets. Ukwenza kanjalo kudala izingozi zemishini nesakhiwo:

Amapulangwe ezinkuni akhiwe ngama-sawdust acindezelwe kakhulu, omisiwe aboshwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ngaphandle kwamaglue amakhemikhali. Uma evezwe emanzini awuketshezi, ama-pellets amunca umswakama ngokushesha, akhule aze afike kumaphesenti angama-300 kuya kwangama-400 wevolumu yawo yangempela yomzimba phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-60 kuya kwengama-90.

Lokhu kuvuvukala kunengcindezi enkulu yomshini ngaphakathi kwendlu yensimbi. I-pulp yokhuni enwebekayo iphenduka ibe ukhuni oluqinile, olufana nokhonkolo olugoqa i-auger yensimbi ukuze ingakwazi ukukhululeka ngaphandle kokusihlukanisa isitofu nge-engeli grinder.

futhi, ukuphonsa amanzi ku-hopper evuthayo kudala umusi oshisa kakhulu. Ilitha elilodwa lamanzi liyakhula libe amalitha angu-1,700 esitimu endaweni evalekile. Lokhu kwanda kwesitimu okusheshayo kungafutha intuthu enobuthi, amanzi abilayo, nezingcezu zokhuni ezivuthayo ziphumele ngaphandle ngokuqondile ebusweni bomsebenzisi nangaphezulu.

Iphrothokholi efanele yokucisha umlilo ye-hopper¶

Uma uhlangabezana nokushiswa kwe-hopper esebenzayo:

1. Khipha isitofu ngokushesha. Amandla okusika amisa noma yikuphi ukuphakelwa komoya onenjini futhi amise ukuzungezisa kwe-auger.
2. Gcina isivalo se-hopper sivalwe ngokuqinile. Ukwenqabela i-hopper umoya omusha kuvimbela ama-pellets ashunqayo ukuthi angagqashuki amalangabi avulekile.
3. Uma amalangabi esevele ebonakala ngaphansi kwesivalo, thola isicishamlilo esinekhemikhali eyomile ye-ABC. Yima emuva, uqhekeze isivalo se-hopper uvule amasentimitha angu-5 (amayintshi angu-2), ukhiphe ukuqhuma okuyimizuzwana emi-3 kwe-monoammonium phosphate powder ngqo ku-hopper, bese uvala isivalo ngokushesha.
4. Bopha isivalo se-hopper ngokuqinile. Impushana yekhemikhali eyomile imboza ama-pellets, incibilike ibe yikhemikhali ecwebezelayo eshisa amalahle futhi imise i-pyrolysis.
5. Gada izinga lokushisa lensimbi langaphandle le-hopper usebenzisa ithemometha ye-infrared noma isheke elikhazimulayo elingemuva kwesandla. Ungawushiyi umshini ongenamuntu. Uma ingaphandle le-hopper liqhubeka nokushisa noma uma kuphuma intuthu emithungweni yekhabethe, phuma esakhiweni bese ushayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni ephuthumayo.

I-Auger jams: izinhlawulo ze-sawdust, izinto zangaphandle, kanye nemvume¶

I-auger jam iwukuwohloka komshini okuvamile kakhulu ekushisiseni kwe-pellet. Nakuba i-auger jam ingabangeli umlilo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ujamu ongaxazululiwe ungashisa injini yokushayela, ushise kakhulu izintambo zikagesi, noma usethe isiteji sokusha.

Izimbangela zokubopha i-auger¶

Ama-Auger abopha ngenxa yezimo ezintathu ezihlukene zomshini:

• Ukunqwabelana kwezinhlawulo zokhuni (iphakethe le-sawdust). Kuso sonke isikhwama samapulangwe okhuni, iphesenti elincane lempahla liqukethe uthuli olugxotshiwe nothuli lwezinkuni oluphukile, olwaziwa ngokuthi izinhlawulo. Uphethiloli wezinga eliphansi ngokuvamile uqukethe izinhlawulo ezingamaphesenti angu-3 kuya kwangu-5 ngesisindo. Emavikini amaningi okusebenza, izinhlawulo zisefa phansi kwe-hopper futhi zipakishe ngokuqinile eduze kwe-auger shaft. I-friction iyanda kuze kube yilapho i-sawdust egcweleyo isebenza njengodaka oluqinile, ibamba ukundiza kwe-auger.
• Imfucumfucu yangaphandle kuphethiloli. Imikhiqizo ye-pellet yezinga eliphansi ngezikhathi ezithile iqukethe imfucumfucu yokukhiqiza yangaphandle: amatshe amancane, izinzipho ezifaka amafreyimu, amabhande epulasitiki, noma amagxolo esihlahla. Uma isipikili sensimbi noma amatshe ejika phakathi kwe-auger blade kanye nodonga lweshubhu lensimbi eliqinile, ukuzungezisa kuma khona manjalo.
• I-auger bushing kanye nokuquleka. I-auger shaft izungeza ngaphakathi kwezihlahla zemikhono yethusi noma ama-ball bearings avaliwe phezulu nangaphansi kweshubhu. Phakathi neminyaka yokuhamba ngamabhayisikili ashisayo, ama-condensate ashisayo kanye ne-voltage angena ezihlahleni, enze ivanishi enamathelayo e-creosote ekhiya umgodi lapho isitofu sesipholisa.

Iphrothokholi yokususa i-auger ephephile¶

Linda ukuthi isitofu sivaleke ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokususa ujamu. Khipha intambo yamandla kagesi esitsheni sodonga.

Khipha wonke uphethiloli osuka ku-hopper ungene esitsheni sensimbi. Hlola umphimbo ophansi wokungenisa ngethoshi ukuze uthole izinto zangaphandle, amatshe, noma izinhlawulo ezipakishiwe.

Finyelela endaweni yesevisi engemuva futhi uthole injini ye-auger. Uma i-motor ikhala ngaphandle kokuzungeza, i-gearbox yangaphakathi noma ukundiza kuyaboshwa.

Khulula ikhola yokushayela bese uslayida injini uyisuse ku-shaft. Sebenzisa isikrufu ku-shaft flats ukuze unyakazise i-auger kancane uye phambili, uhlehle imfucumfucu evaleleke ku-hopper ngaphambi kokuthi uyihlanze ihlanzeke.

Ukuhluleka kwe-exhaust blower, uhambo lokushintshwa kwe-vacuum, nokuhlehliswa kwentuthu¶

Isitofu se-pellet sincike ngokuphelele kokusalungiswa komshini. Lapho i-exhaust blower ihluleka ukugcina umoya ofanele, amaswishi okuphepha ayangena ukuze avikele ikhaya. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela zokuphepha kuvimbela ukwethuka futhi kusiza ukuhlonza ukungasebenzi kahle.

I-vacuum differential pressure switch¶

I-vacuum switch iyisizinda sokuphepha esiyinhloko sesistimu yomlilo:

Iswishi ye-electromechanical exhunywe kubhokisi lomlilo noma i-exhaust eningi ngepayipi elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa.

Lapho i-exhaust blower isebenza, idala i-vacuum encane ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lomlilo, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka- -0.05 namayintshi angu- -0.15 wekholomu yamanzi (ku-W.C.).

Le ngcindezi engeyinhle idonsa i-diaphragm yerabha eguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kweswishi ye-vacuum, ivale othintana nabo bakagesi abanikeza amandla enjini ye-auger feed.

Uma injini yokukhipha umoya ihluleka, uma umshini kashimula uphazamiseka, uma umnyango wesitofu ushiywe uvulekile, noma uma ipayipi le-silicone lenzwa livaleka umlotha wezimpukane, i-diaphragm iyaxega. Iswishi kagesi iyavuleka, inqamule amandla enjini ye-auger. Ama-pellets ayeka ukungena ebhodweni, futhi umlilo uyavutha kancane kancane.

Ukubuyisela intuthu ezindaweni zokuhlala¶

Uma amandla ephela kungazelelwe ngenkathi isitofu se-pellet sivutha ngokukhipha okuphezulu, noma uma isiphephetha-moya sima ngenkathi ibhodwe lomlilo ligcwele uphethiloli ovuthayo, kuba nengozi yentuthu esheshayo:

I-firepot iqukethe umbhede ominyene wamapellets avuthayo aqhubeka nokushunqa ngaphandle kokusalungiswa okuphoqelelwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-exhaust blower imile, ingcindezi engalungile ilahlekile.

Uma ukufakwa kukashimula kungenakho okusalungiswa okwanele okume mpo kwemvelo (isibonelo, ipayipi eliqondile elivundlile elidlula odongeni), intuthu eshisayo ayinandawo yokuya.

Intuthu iyanqwabelana ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lomlilo. Uma ama-gaskets endophi yomnyango egqokile noma uma izinsimbi zengilazi zixega, intuthu eminyene, yokhuni olumuncu ivuza idlule izigxivizo futhi ichitheke ngqo egumbini lokuphumula.

Emergency Action During Smoke Rollback:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. DO NOT open the firebox glass door (introduces oxygen and spreads smoke).
2. DO NOT plug the exhaust vent with wet rags.
3. Open adjacent exterior doors and windows to create cross-ventilation.
4. Turn on household bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans to pull smoke outside.
5. Evacuate the room if coughing, eye stinging, or CO alarms occur.

Ukuguqulwa kokusalungiswa kukashimula ngesikhathi somoya omkhulu¶

Izitofu ze-Pellet eziphuma ngamapayipi amafushane avundlile odongeni noma izindonga zangaphandle zibhekana nezinkinga ezinzima phakathi nesiphepho esinamandla sasebusika. Ukuqonda amandla omoya kuqinisekisa ukuklanywa okufanele kukashimula futhi kuvimbele ukuchitheka kwentuthu yegumbi eliyingozi.

I-physics ye-backdrafting ebangelwa umoya¶

Lapho imimoya yesivinini esiphezulu ishaya udonga lwangaphandle lwendlu, izinkambu zengcindezi ye-aerodynamic ziyadalwa:

Uhlangothi olunomoya lwendlu (uhlangothi olubheke emoyeni) luzwana nomfutho womoya omuhle kakhulu njengoba umoya onyakazayo unqwabelana odongeni lwangaphandle oluyisicaba.

Uhlangothi lwe-leeward (uhlangothi oluvikelekile) kanye ne-roof ridge ihlangabezana nokucindezela okunamandla komkhathi (ukumunca) ngenxa yomphumela we-Bernoulli.

Uma isitofu se-pellet siphumela ngokuvundlile odongeni olubheke komoya, isivunguvungu somoya esiphezulu esidlula ku-60 km/h kuya ku-80 km/h (37 mph kuya ku-50 mph) sikhipha ingcindezi eyakhayo ngokumelene nekepisi yokukhipha umoya yangaphandle:

Le ngcindezi yangaphandle ingadlula i-mechanical static head ekhiqizwe i-exhaust blower (cishe ama-Pascals angama-25 kuye kwangama-50).

Umoya unqoba isivuthezi, uqhubele amagesi e-exhaust emuva ngepayipi uye ebhokisini lomlilo.

Intuthu iphushela ngaphandle ama-gasket emnyango, izivalo ze-pellet hopper, namashubhu omoya aguquguqukayo egumbi. futhi, ukushaywa komoya okuneziyaluyalu kudala ukushintshashintsha kwe-cyclic pressure enyakazisa iswishi ye-vacuum yesitofu, okubangela ukuphakela kwe-auger okungajwayelekile kanye nokuvutha njalo.

Izixazululo zikashimula ezinjiniyela zemimoya ephezulu¶

Ukuze kuqedwe ukuhlehliswa okusalungiswa okubangelwa umoya, onjiniyela bokushisisa bagunyaza ukulungiselelwa okuthile komtshingo:

Ukukhuphuka kukashimula oqondile (umthetho we-EVL). Ukukhipha umoya we-pellet akufanele kuphele njengetshe elingenalutho elivundlile odongeni lwangaphandle. Amakhodi wokwakha nemiyalo yomkhiqizi idinga ukuphakama okuqondile okungenani okungamamitha angu-1.5 ukuya kumamitha angu-2 (amafidi angu-5 ukuya ku-6.6) wepayipi eliqondile ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwekhaya. Le kholomu eqondile yomoya ofudumele idala okusalungiswa kwemvelo okungenzi lutho okuqhubeka nokudonsela intuthu phezulu ngisho noma i-exhaust blower ima phakathi nokuphela kukagesi.

Izigqoko zokunqanyulwa kokuqondisa komoya. Izithupha ezivundlile ze-open-grate ezivundlile zivumela umoya ovundlile ukuthi uvunguze ngqo epayipini. Ukufaka ikhephu yokukhipha umoya ophezulu evimbela ukwehla kwamandla emali (njenge-jet cap noma i-cone baffle) ichezukisa imisinga yomoya evundlile, iguqule amandla omoya abe indawo yokucindezela okuphansi kwe-aerodynamic ethuthukisa ukumuncwa komtshingo kunokuwukhawulela.

Amakhithi omoya ovuthayo avaliwe (OAK). Isitofu se-pellet kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sidonse umoya waso ovuthayo ngaphandle kwekhaya ngepayipi lensimbi elizinikele eliwu-5 cm (2 amayintshi) noma elingu-7.5 cm (3 amayintshi). Uma isitofu sidonsa umoya ngaphakathi kwendlu yesimanje evalwe ngokuqinile, amahodi asekhishini kanye nabalandeli bezindlu zangasese bacindezela indawo yokuhlala, bancintisane nesitofu somoya futhi badonsa amagesi e-flue babuyele emuva ekhaya.

Ukuhlanzwa komlotha okuphephile, izingozi zomlotha wendiza, nokulahlwa¶

Ukushiswa kwe-biomass kukhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili zezinsalela: umlotha ophansi oqoqela ku-firepot, kanye nomlotha wempukane omncane odabula umfudlana ovuthayo futhi uzinze ezishintshinisi zokushisa zangaphakathi, ama-cleanout tees, kanye nama-multifold vaposi. Ukuphatha umlotha okungafanele kuwumthombo omkhulu womlilo wesakhiwo kanye nokungcoliswa komoya okunobuthi endlini.

Ingozi yomlilo efihliwe yomlotha ofudumele¶

I-Wood ash iyisivikeli seselula esiminyene, esicebile ngamaminerali esihlanganisa i-calcium carbonate, i-potassium oxide, ne-carbon char engashiswanga. Ngenxa yokuthi umlotha uyisivikelo sokushisa esisebenza kahle kangaka, amalahle acwebezelayo angahlala elambile umoya-mpilo kodwa ashise ngokubomvu ngaphakathi epanini lomlotha amahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 ngemva kokuba isitofu siyekile ukuvutha.

Uma umninikhaya ethela ipani lomlotha esitsheni sikadoti sepulasitiki, ibhokisi lekhadibhodi, noma esikhwameni sephepha, ukwethulwa komoya ohlanzekile kubangela ukuba amalahle alele ukuba avuthelwe kabusha. Emahoreni ambalwa, ukushisa kungena esitsheni, kubeka phansi, amadekhi, noma amabhentshi okusebenzela egalaji ngomlilo ngenkathi izakhamuzi zilele.

Ukususwa komlotha okufanelekile kanye nephrothokholi yokulahlwa¶

Qaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile lapho uhlanza izicupho zomlotha:

1. Vumela isitofu siphole ngokuphelele, futhi ugqoke imaski ye-N95 namagilavu ukuze uvimbele ukuhogela umlotha wempukane.
2. Khwebula amadiphozithi e-clinker ahlanganisiwe ebhodweni lokushiswa, usule zonke izimbobo zomoya nge-awl.
3. Khulula amashubhu okushintsha ukushisa usebenzisa induku eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze uchithe umlotha ozinzile.
4. Vula iminyango eminingi yokuhlanza ehlanzekile futhi ususe umlotha wempukane onqwabelene ngaphansi kwebhokisi lomlilo.
5. Khumula ikepisi elingaphansi le-tee exhaust chimney cleanout ukuze uthulule umlotha oxazululiwe uwufake epanini lokubamba lensimbi.
6. Sebenzisa ivacuum yomlotha yensimbi eqinisekisiwe efakwe ukuhlunga kwe-HEPA; ungalokothi usebenzise ama-vacuum epulasitiki asendlini.
7. Beka umlotha ebhakedeni lensimbi eliqinile elifakwe isivalo esiqinile.
8. Beka ibhakede lensimbi elivaliwe ngaphandle endaweni engashi okungenani amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) ukusuka ezakhiweni, uliyeke liphumule amahora angu-72.

Ash Disposal Safety Checklist:
- [ ] Stove completely cold before opening cleanout traps.
- [ ] N95/P100 mask worn to prevent fly ash inhalation.
- [ ] Cleanout tee cap removed and lower exhaust passages cleared.
- [ ] Dedicated metal ash vacuum used; household vacuums prohibited.
- [ ] Ash deposited directly into galvanized steel bucket with tight lid.
- [ ] Bucket placed outdoors on stone, concrete, or dirt 3 meters (10 feet) from home.

Amazinga okushisisa amafutha aqinile esifunda kanye nokwengamela kokulawula¶

Ukwenziwa kwesitofu se-Pellet, ukucaciswa kukashimula, izitifiketi ze-emissions, namakhodi okufakwa kamasipala kulawulwa ngaphansi kwezinhlaka ezisemthethweni ezibanzi emhlabeni wonke.

I-United States: EPA NSPS, NFPA 211, kanye ne-UL 1482¶

E-United States, ukuphepha kwesitofu se-pellet kubuswa amazinga e-EPA emission kanye ne-NFPA 211. Izitofu kufanele zihlolwe kumazinga e-UL 1482 noma e-ASTM E1509.

Ukungenisa umoya kudinga uhlobo lwe-PL lwamapayipi anodonga oluphindwe kabili elinezimvume eziphoqelelwe ezintweni ezivuthayo, ngokuvamile ezingu-7.5 cm (3 amayintshi) epayipi kanye no-15 cm ukuya ku-30 ​​cm (amayintshi angu-6 ukuya kwangu-12) kumaphaneli ezitofu. Izimvume zikamasipala kanye nokuhlolwa kuyimpoqo. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, shayela u-911.

E-Canada: Amazinga e-CSA B365 kanye ne-WETT¶

E-Canada, ukufakwa kuwela ngaphansi Kwekhodi Yokwakha Kazwelonke kanye ne-CSA B365, ngokuhlolwa ochwepheshe be-Wood Energy Technology Transfer (WETT).

Amakhodi aphoqelela ukuvunyelwa kwezithupha zodonga namaphedi eziko adlulela ku-200 mm (amayintshi angu-8) ngale kokuvuleka komnyango. Ukungenisa umoya kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-ULC-S609. Ukuthunyelwa komlilo ophuthumayo kulo lonke elaseCanada kufinyelelwa ku-911.

E-United Kingdom: Idokhumenti Egunyaziwe J kanye ne-HETAS¶

E-United Kingdom, izitofu ze-biomass pellet zilawulwa yi-Approved Document J kanye ne-BS EN 14785, eqondiswa yi-HETAS.

Izinto zikagesi ezisezindaweni ezikhethiwe zokulawula Intuthu kufanele zibe amamodeli akhululiwe e-DEFRA. Ukufakwa kufanele kugunyazwe unjiniyela we-HETAS noma ukulawulwa kwezakhiwo zomkhandlu wendawo. Shayela u-999 ukuze uthole izinkonzo zomlilo.

I-European Union: I-Ecodesign kanye ne-EN 14785¶

Ku-European Union yonkana, izinto zikagesi zilandela i-Ecodesign Directive kanye ne-EN 14785 ngokusebenza kahle nokukhipha umoya.

Izitshalo kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso ze-EN 1856. Emazweni afana neJalimane ne-Austria, ukushanela kukashimula okunelayisensi kunegunya elingokomthetho lokuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile. Shayela u-112 ukuze uthole ukuthunyelwa okuphuthumayo.

I-Australia ne-New Zealand: Amazinga e-AS/NZS¶

E-Australia naseNew Zealand, izinto zikagesi zilandela i-AS/NZS 4012/4013 nezinga lokufakwa kwe-AS/NZS 2918.

Ukushisa kwe-Pellet kuvamile ezindaweni eziseningizimu njenge-Tasmania ne-Victoria. Ukufakwa kufanele kusayinwe abasebenzi abanelayisensi ngaphansi kwemithetho yesakhiwo sombuso. Shayela u-000 ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma kuphuma intuthu ku-hopper yesitofu se-pellet?¶

Khipha intambo yamandla kagesi odongeni ngokushesha ukuze unqamule umoya ohamba ngenjini futhi umise ukuzungezisa i-auger. Ungasivuli isivalo se-hopper ngokugcwele, futhi ungalokothi uthele amanzi ku-hopper. Uma amalahle ashunqayo noma amalangabi asebenzayo ebonakala ngaphakathi, qhekeza isivalo kancane, khiphela isicishamlilo esinekhemikhali eyomile ye-ABC ku-hopper, bese uvala isivalo ukuze ucime umlilo. Phuma ekamelweni futhi ushayele abezimo eziphuthumayo uma kubhebhetheka intuthu.

Kungani isitofu sethu se-pellet siyeka ngokuzumayo ukufunza ama-pellets?¶

Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukujamu kwe-auger okubangelwa izinhlawulo ezigcwele ze-sawdust noma imfucumfucu yangaphandle eboshwe epayipini lokuphakelayo. Esinye isizathu esivamile ukushintshwa kwe-interlock yokuphepha evulekile: uma iswishi ye-vacuum pressure ithola ukulahlekelwa okusalungiswa kukashimula, noma uma inzwa yokushisa enomkhawulo ophezulu ithola ukushisa ngokweqile, amandla enjini ye-auger feed anqanyulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Vumela isitofu siphole ngokuphelele, sikhiphe ipulaki, futhi uhlole i-hopper kanye nezicupho zokuhlanza ukuze uthole izithiyo.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa isitofu se-pellet ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi ngaphandle kwebhethri eliyisipele?¶

Cha. Izitofu ze-pellet ezijwayelekile zithembele kuzifutha zikagesi ukuze zikhiphe amagesi anobuthi futhi zidonse umoya omusha. Uma ugesi unqanyulwa ngenkathi uphethiloli uvutha ebhokisini lomlilo, okusalungiswa kwemvelo kungase kunganele ukukhipha umlilo, okubangela intuthu eminyene yokhuni kanye ne-carbon monoxide ukuthi kuchitheke amagesi omnyango endlini yakho. Njalo faka isiphakeli samandla esingaphazamiseki (i-UPS) esizinikele noma isiguquli sebhethri esidizayinelwe izitofu ze-pellet ukugcina okusalungiswa ngesikhathi sokucisha.

Kungani ingilazi yesitofu sethu iba mnyama futhi imbozwe umule ngokushesha?¶

Ubumnyama bengilazi obusheshayo bubonisa ukungahambi kahle komoya okuvuthayo noma uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Uma izimbobo zomoya wembiza yokushiswa zivalwe umlotha noma izixhumo ezihlanganisiwe, umoya ovuthayo awukwazi ukuzungeza umbhede kaphethiloli, okuholela ekushiseni okungaphelele kanye nokunqwabelana kwensisi esindayo. Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa i-exhaust blower ehlulekayo, ipayipi likashimula elivimbekile, isicabha esivuzayo se-gasket, noma ama-pellets avuthayo anomswakama ophezulu.

Kukangaki izicupho zomlotha ezifihliwe esitofini se-pellet zidinga ukuhlanzwa?¶

Izicupho zomlotha ezifihliwe, ama-nifold amaningi okukhipha i-exhaust, kanye nepayipi likashimula lokuhlanza kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle ngemva kokushiswa njalo nge-metric ton engu-1 (1.1 US tons) yamapellets, noma cishe kanye njalo emavikini angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 okushisa ebusika okuqhubekayo. Ukwehluleka ukuhlanza amaphaseji omlotha afihlekile kuvumela umlotha wempukane ukuthi ukhawulele ukugeleza komphetho, okubangela ukushintsha kwengcindezi ye-vacuum ukuthi ihambe futhi kuphoqe intuthu ibuyele endaweni yokuhlala.

Isitifiketi sosizo lokuqala¶

Izimo eziphuthumayo zokushiswa kwesitofu se-pellet kanye nokushiswa kwe-hopper kuletha izingozi ezimbi kakhulu, ezihlanganisa ukusha okushisayo okufika ezingeni lesibili, imihuzuko yonkana obangelwa umlotha oshisayo ondizayo, kanye nokuhogela i-carbon monoxide enobuthi. Ukuba nokuqeqeshwa kwezandla ekuqeqeshweni kwezokwelapha okudingekayo ukwelapha ukusha okukhulu, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, nokwenza ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary (CPR) kungamisa izisulu ngaphambi kokuba kufike abezimo eziphuthumayo.

Sinxusa kakhulu wonke umuzi osebenzisa amasistimu okushisisa ama-biomass noma ama-pellet ukuze uqedele usizo lokuqala oluqinisekisiwe kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwe-CPR ngezinhlangano ezaziwayo ezifana ne-American Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, i-British Red Cross, noma i-Canadian Red Cross. Ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kunikeza amakhono abalulekile, ulwazi lomtholampilo, kanye nokuzethemba okungokoqobo okudingekayo ukuze uphendule ngempumelelo ezingozini zokushisa ekhaya, ukwelapha ukulimala kokushiswa okushisayo, nokuvikela umndeni wakho phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zasebusika ezinzima.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): I-NFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-burning Appliances.
• I-Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI, United States): Amazinga Okusebenza Kwesitofu SePellet, Amazinga Amafutha, Nemihlahlandlela Yesondlo.
• I-Underwriters Laboratories (UL, United States): UL 1482 Standard for Solid-Fuel Type Heaters.
• I-Wood Energy Transfer Technology (WETT, Canada): Imihlahlandlela Yokuhlola Nokugcinwa Kwama-Pellet-Fired Space heaters.
• Uhlelo Lokuhlola Nokugunyazwa Kwezisetshenziswa Zokushisisa (HETAS, United Kingdom): Isiqondiso Sobuchwepheshe Kuma-Biomas Pellet Stoves and Flues.
• Ikhomishana Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (CPSC, United States): Ukuphepha Komlilo Oshisisa Ekhaya kanye Nezixwayiso Zento Esebenza Kagesi Eqinile.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukubuyisela emuva intuthu yesitofu sePellet nokuhlanza i-exhaust evinjiwe
• Ingozi ye-creosote yomlilo kashimula kanye nokucindezelwa
• Indawo yomlilo yehitha yesikhala kanye nokuphepha kwesitofu sezinkuni lapho kucima
• Isishisi sokushisa esiqhekekile segesi yemvelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwemuva
• Izinombolo zesimo esiphuthumayo ngezwe