Ukuvikela noma Ukugubha Inkundla Yezokuxhumana Yomuntu Oshonile Emelene Nomkhonyovu Wokushonelwa¶

Lapho ilungu lomndeni noma umngane oseduze eshona, amaphrofayela abo enkundla yezokuxhumana asebenzayo, amabhokisi okungenayo e-imeyili, nama-akhawunti esitoreji samafu aphenduka izisulu zezigebengu ezihleliwe. Abakhwabanisi bachitha izaziso zemingcwabo yomphakathi kanye nokuthunyelwe kweminikelo kungakapheli amahora amaningi beshonile ukuze bethule izixhumanisi zokusakaza bukhoma zomngcwabo ezinomgunyathi, imikhankaso eyimpinda ye-GoFundMe, nokuthathwa kwama-akhawunti okuxhaphaza abangani nezihlobo ezisosizini. Ukwazi ukuvala ukuba khona kwedijithali kothandekayo oshonile, ukumisa imikhonyovu yomngcwabo ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi uthumele isicelo sesikhumbuzo esisemthethweni noma izicelo zokususwa unomphela kuvikela kokubili ifa lomuntu omthandayo kanye nomphakathi wabo ososizini.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Ungangeni ngemvume usebenzisa igama-mfihlo lomuntu oshonile ukuze usule i-akhawunti. Ngaphansi kwemithetho yobugebengu bekhompyutha nedatha yemfihlo ezindaweni eziningi (okuhlanganisa i-Computer Fraud and Abuse Act e-United States kanye ne-Computer Misuse Act e-United Kingdom), ukungena ku-akhawunti yomunye umuntu ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okusemthethweni okucacile kungaphula imigomo yesevisi yesikhulumi futhi kucuphe izithombe ongazidawuniloda ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvikeleka komndeni.
2. Londoloza ukufinyelela ngokomzimba ku-smartphone yomuntu oshonile kanye nekhadi le-SIM. Gcina iselula yomuntu oshonile ishajiwe futhi ungakhanseli isevisi yakhe yomakhalekhukhwini ngokushesha. Uma uvala izinombolo zabo zocingo, izinkampani zenethiwekhi zigaya kabusha futhi zabela kabusha leyo nombolo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-90, okuvumela umuntu ongamazi noma isela lobunikazi ukuthi libambe i-SMS amakhodi okuqinisekisa izinto ezimbili (2FA) kanye nama-akhawunti okuduna.
3. Thumela isixwayiso esisheshayo ngokushonelwa kuphrofayela yakho yenkundla yezokuxhumana. Maka amalungu omndeni aseduze futhi wazise abangani usuku oluqondile, isikhathi, nendawo yangempela yenkonzo yesikhumbuzo. Yisho ngokucacile ukuthi umndeni *awusoze ukhokhise imali noma udinge ukuqinisekiswa kwekhadi lesikweletu ukuze ubukele ukusakazwa bukhoma komngcwabo, futhi ufake ohlwini isixhumanisi esisodwa esiqinisekisiwe uma kukhona umkhankaso osemthethweni wokuthola imali kubantu abaningi.
4. Yabela umngane womndeni omethembayo ukuthi aqaphe ukuphawula kwakhe "njengomsindisi wedijithali." Abakhwabanisi bathumela izixhumanisi zokusakaza bukhoma ezingamanga namakhasi omgunyathi okuqongelela imali ezigabeni zamazwana zezimemezelo zokufa emizuzwini embalwa yokushicilelwa. Ukuba nomngane oqokiwe ukufihla, bika, futhi uvimbe amazwana ogaxekile kusindisa isihlobo esisosizini ekubhekaneni nabakhwabanisi ngosuku lomngcwabo.
5. ** Qoqa amadokhumenti asemthethweni adingwa izinkundla zokuxhumana.** Thola ukuskena okunokulungiswa okuphezulu noma isithombe sesitifiketi sokufa esisemthethweni (noma isitifiketi somhlola, isixhumanisi sesikhumbuzo, noma uhlelo lwesikhumbuzo lwesikhumbuzo sesikhashana) kanye nobufakazi begunya lakho njengesihlobo noma umabi wezindlu (njengesitifiketi sokuzalwa, isitifiketi somshado, amandla okuhlolwa kwefa).
6. Hambisa izicelo ezisemthethweni zeSikhumbuzo noma Zokususwa Kwe-akhawunti ngokuqondile endaweni ngayinye. Nquma nomndeni wakho ukuthi ufuna iphrofayela iguqulwe ibe inkokhiso yesikhumbuzo yaphakade (lapho igama elithi "Ukukhumbula" livela eduze kwegama labo futhi kungekho muntu ongangena ngemvume) noma zisuswe unomphela ku-inthanethi, bese nithumela isicelo esiqinisekisiwe ngengosi ngayinye yenkundla ezinikele yokushonelwa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ukufa Kothandekayo"] --> DeviceCheck["Vikela Ifoni Engokoqobo futhi Gcina i-SIM Isebenza"]
    DeviceCheck --> ScamGuard["Thumela Isexwayiso Esisesidlangalaleni Ngokuphikisana Nokusakaza Okubukhoma Komngcwabo Okungelona iqiniso kanye Noxhaso Lwezixuku"]
    ScamGuard --> Decision{"Isinqumo Somndeni: Yenza iSikhumbuzo noma Susa?"}
    Decision -->|Preserve Profile and Photos as Tribute| MemCheck{"Ingabe I-Platform Isekela ISikhumbuzo?"}
    MemCheck -->|Yes: Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Apple| SubmitMem["Thumela i-Obituary noma Isitifiketi Sokufa usebenzisa Ifomu Lesikhumbuzo"]
    MemCheck -->|No: X, TikTok, Snapchat, Pinterest| SubmitDeact["Dawuniloda Imidiya Yomphakathi bese Uhambisa Isicelo Sokuyekisa ukusebenza Esiqinisekisiwe"]
    Decision -->|Permanently Remove Account| DocGather["Qoqa Isitifiketi Sokufa Esiqinisekisiwe + Ubufakazi Begunya Lezomthetho"]
    DocGather --> SubmitDel["Thumela Ifomu Elisemthethweni Lokusula Ukushonelwa Engxenyeni Yenkundla"]
    SubmitMem --> LockCheck["Iphrofayela Ikhiyiwe: Ibheji 'Yokukhumbula' Yengeziwe futhi Ukungena Kukhutshaziwe"]
    SubmitDeact --> GoneCheck["I-akhawunti Ivalwe Unomphela futhi Yasuswa Kusesho"]
    SubmitDel --> GoneCheck

Ukuqonda usongo lwangemva kokufa: indlela abakhwabanisi abashonelwa abasebenza ngayo¶

Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zisebenzisa ama-web scrapers azenzakalelayo ukuqapha izidumbu zamaphephandaba aku-inthanethi, amawebhusayithi ezindlu zomngcwabo, nama-hashtag ezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana #RIP, #GoneTooSoon, #CelebrationOfLife, futhi #FuneralService. Emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuba umndeni uthumele inkokhiso noma isimemezelo, amaqembu ezigebengu aqala ukuhlasela okune okuhlukile okuqondise kugrafu yezenhlalo yomuntu oshonile.

1. Umkhonyovu womngcwabo womgunyathi osakazwa bukhoma wekhadi lesikweletu¶

Lona omunye wemikhonyovu yokushonelwa ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu ebikwe ku-United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC), i-United Kingdom's Action Fraud, kanye ne-Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). - Indlela ukuhlasela okusebenza ngayo: Abakhohlisi badala Ikhasi le-Facebook, iphrofayela ye-Instagram, noma ikhasi Lomcimbi besebenzisa isithombe sephrofayela yomuntu oshonile esintshontshiwe negama eliphelele, alandelwe amagama afana nokuthi "Ukusakaza Bukhoma Kwenkonzo Yesikhumbuzo" noma "I-HD Yokusakaza Komngcwabo." - Abaqamekeli: Ama-akhawunti e-bot azenzakalelayo aphendula wonke amazwi osizi okuthunyelwe komndeni kwesimemezelo sangempela, anamathisele isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi yangaphandle noma iqembu lomgunyathi le-Facebook elithi lisakaza umngcwabo bukhoma kubangani nezihlobo ezingakwazi ukuza mathupha. - Ukweba: Uma isililo sichofoza isixhumanisi phakathi nehora langempela lomngcwabo, ikhasi lewebhu libonisa isidlali sevidiyo esingumgunyathi esicela umbukeli ukuthi "Bhalisa Mahhala" noma "Qinisekisa Ubuwena Ngekhadi Lesikweletu (inkokhelo engu-\(0.00 noma engu-\)1.00) ukuze Ubukele Ukusakaza." Izisulu ezifaka izinombolo zamakhadi azo ama-akhawunti azo aphelelwa amandla ngokushesha noma abhalise ezindlekweni eziphindelelayo zokubhalisela ulwandle, kuyilapho kungekho ukusakaza bukhoma okuke kudlale.

2. Ukuqoqwa kwemali yabantu abaningi kanye nokukhwabanisa kwesikhwama sesikhumbuzo esingumgunyathi¶

Lapho ukufa kungazelelwe, ikakhulukazi okuhilela umuntu osemusha, ingozi, noma umzali onezingane ezincane, abangane ngokwemvelo bafuna izindlela zokunikela ezindlekweni zomngcwabo noma isikhwama sokusekela umkhaya. - Indlela okusebenza ngayo ukuhlasela: Abakhwabanisi bakopisha umbhalo oqondile nezithombe zomndeni ekhasini elisemthethweni lesikhumbuzo noma ikhasi langempela lokuthola imali kwabantu abaningi futhi baqalise imikhankaso yomgunyathi ku-GoFundMe, i-Spotfund, i-PayPal Pools, noma izibambo ze-Venmo/CashApp besebenzisa igama elicishe lifane. - Abaqamekeli: Abakhwabanisi bathumela umlayezo ngokuqondile ohlwini loxhumana nabo lomufi noma baphendule imiyalezo eyimfihlo becela iminikelo ephuthumayo "yokukhokhela izindleko ezisele zesiza sokungcwaba ngaphambi koLwesihlanu." - Ukuzivikela: Uma umndeni udala isikhwama sesikhumbuzo esisemthethweni noma isixhumanisi somnikelo, wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele abe ne-URL efanayo ncamashi futhi asho ngokucacile: "Lesi isikhwama sesikhumbuzo somndeni wethu kuphela esigunyaziwe. Ungathumeli imali kunoma yisiphi esinye isixhumanisi, umaka we-CashApp, noma isicelo somlayezo oqondile."

3. Ukuthathwa kwe-akhawunti elele ("ukudunwa izipoki")¶

Iphrofayela yenkundla yezokuxhumana engagadiwe iyimpokophelo efanelekile yokuthathwa kwe-akhawunti ngoba umnikazi ofanele akasoze aqaphela izexwayiso zokungena ezisolisayo noma ama-imeyili okusetha kabusha iphasiwedi. - Indlela ukuhlasela okusebenza ngayo: Abahlaseli bahlola imininingo egciniwe yemininingwane eputshuziwe kusukela ekwephulweni kwedatha okungokomlando ukuze babone ukuthi umuntu oshonile uyisebenzise kabusha yini iphasiwedi kuwo wonke ama-imeyili akhe noma ama-akhawunti enkundla yezokuxhumana. Kungenjalo, uma umndeni ukhansela uhlelo lweselula yomuntu oshonile, umhlaseli uyalinda kuze kube yilapho inombolo yocingo yabelwe kabusha noma ayithumele ukuze abambe amakhodi okutakula e-SMS. - Izigebengu: Lapho esengaphakathi ku-akhawunti yomuntu oshonile, i-Facebook, Instagram, noma X, umkhohlisi angathumela umlayezo buthule abangani abaseduze ecela imalimboleko yesimo esiphuthumayo noma ashintshe ngokuzumayo isithombe sephrofayela futhi asebenzise i-akhawunti ethenjwayo, eneminyaka yobudala ukuze adayise imikhonyovu ye-cryptocurrency, amathikithi emicimbi mbumbulu, noma izixhumanisi ezinonya. Ukubona imilayezo ifika evela kuphrofayela yomngane osanda kushona kubangela ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo kwabathandekayo abasaphila.

4. Ukwebiwa komazisi ngemuva kokufa ("ghosting")¶

Ngaphandle kwenkundla yezokuxhumana, amasela athola amaphuzu amathathu abalulekile emininingwaneni emibhalweni enezisusa ezinhle kanye namaphrofayili asesidlangalaleni: igama eliphelele elisemthethweni lomuntu oshonile (kuhlanganise negama eliphakathi nendawo nentombi), usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa, kanye nedolobha lokuzalwa noma indawo yokuhlala. Kuhlanganiswe nezaziso zekhaya lomngcwabo eziklelisa amagama abazali abasaphila nabashade nabo, izigebengu zinolwazi olwanele lomuntu siqu oluhlonzayo (PII) ukuze zenze isicelo samakhadi esikweletu anomgunyathi, ukubuyiselwa kwemali yentela, noma izinzuzo zikahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba ama-credit bureaus kanye nerejista kahulumeni icubungule isitifiketi sokufa.

Ukwenza iSikhumbuzo ngokumelene nokususwa unomphela: ukunquma ukuthi yini elungele umndeni wakho¶

Ngaphambi kokuthumela amafomu asemthethweni ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, qoqa amalungu omndeni abalulekile kanye nomabi wefa ukuze anqume ukuthi i-akhawunti ngayinye kufanele yini ibe yisikhumbuzo noma isuswe unomphela. Uma i-akhawunti isisuswe unomphela, izithombe zayo, amavidiyo, imilayezo yezwi, nochungechunge lwamazwana alukwazi ukubuyiselwa ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane somusa.

Izinqubo zokushonelwa ze-Platform-by-platform: indlela yokukhumbula noma ukuvala ama-akhawunti¶

Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zigcina amaqembu akhethekile abashonelwe ukuze acubungule izicelo zezihlobo ezisaphila. Ungalokothi uthembele kumabhothi engxoxo esevisi yamakhasimende evamile; sebenzisa ifa eliqondile kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi wesikhumbuzo okuningiliziwe ngezansi.

1. Facebook (Meta)¶

I-Facebook inikeza isethi eningi kakhulu yezinketho zokuhlolwa kwesidumbu, ehlukanisa phakathi kokuthi Ukwenziwa Kwesikhumbuzo (okuphethwe Othintana Naye Ngefa uma ekhethwe ngaphambi kokufa) kanye Ukususwa Unomphela Komuntu Oshonile.

I-Facebook Memorialization kanye noxhumana nabo befa basebenza kanjani¶

• Uma i-Facebook isicubungula isicelo sesikhumbuzo, igama elithi Ukukhumbula livela ngaphezu kwegama lomuntu oshonile.
• Akekho umuntu ongangena ku-akhawunti eyinhloko, ngisho noma azi iphasiwedi.
• Uma umuntu oshonile ekhethe Othintana Naye Ngefa ngaphakathi Kwesikhungo Sakhe Se-Meta Accounts ngaphambi kokushona, lowo Othintwayo Wefa angakwazi:
• Bhala okuthunyelwe okuphiniwe phezulu kuphrofayela yesikhumbuzo (isibonelo, ukwabelana ngemininingwane yenkonzo yomngcwabo noma isixhumanisi esiqinisekisiwe senhlangano esiza abantulayo).
• Buyekeza isithombe sephrofayela nesithombe sekhava.
• Phendula ezicelweni zobungane ezintsha ezivela kojwayelene nabo abadala abafuna iphrofayili.
• Landa ingobo yomlando yokuthunyelwe komuntu oshonile okusesidlangalaleni, izithombe, kanye nolwazi lwephrofayela (uma umufi eqoke ibhokisi elivumela ukulanda idatha).
• Cela ukususwa unomphela kwe-akhawunti.
• Lokho Othintana Naye Ngefa NGEKE Akwenze: Oxhumana Naye Ngefa akakwazi ukungena ku-akhawunti yokuqala, akakwazi ukufunda imilayezo eyimfihlo ye-Facebook Messenger, akakwazi ukushintsha noma ukususa okuthunyelwe okudlule okwenziwe umufi, futhi akakwazi ukususa abangane abakhona.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-Facebook¶

1. Ukuze Ukhumbule I-Akhawunti Ye-Facebook: Thola ifomu leSikhungo Sosizo se-Facebook elinesihloko esithi "Isicelo Sokukhumbula" (facebook.com/help/contact/651319028315841). Faka igama lephrofayela yomuntu oshonile, idethi yokushona kwakhe, bese ulayisha iskena noma isixhumanisi sencwadi yomngcwabo esemthethweni, isitifiketi sokufa, noma uhlelo lomngcwabo.
2. Ukuyisusa Unomphela I-akhawunti Ye-Facebook Yomuntu Oshonile: Thola ifomu leSikhungo Sosizo se-Facebook elinesihloko esithi "Isicelo Esikhethekile Se-akhawunti Yomuntu Okhubazekile Noma Oshonile" (facebook.com/help/contact/228813257197480). Kufanele ulayishe:
3. Ubufakazi bokuthi uyilungu lomndeni eliseduze noma umabi wefa ngokusemthethweni (isitifiketi sokuzalwa, isitifiketi somshado, amandla ommeli, noma incwadi yokugcina yefa nesivumelwano).
4. Isitifiketi sokufa esisemthethweni somufi (noma ikhadi lesikhumbuzo/isikhumbuzo esihlanganiswe nobufakazi begunya).
5. Ukumisa izinkumbulo ezikhiqizwe yi-AI nezikhumbuzi zosuku lokuzalwa ngokushesha: Ukukhumbula i-akhawunti kumisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-Facebook ekuthumeleni izaziso ezithi "Fisela [Igama] Usuku Lokuzalwa Olujabulisayo" ohlwini lwabangane babo.

2. I-Instagram (Meta)¶

I-Instagram isekela ukukhunjulwa kwe-akhawunti nokususwa okuqinisekisiwe kwamalungu omndeni aseduze, nakuba okwamanje ingamvumeli Othintwayo Wefa ukuthi aphathe noma engeze okuthunyelwe okusha kugridi ye-Instagram eyisikhumbuzo.

Isebenza kanjani i-Instagram Memorialization¶

• Igama elithi Ukukhumbula libekwe eduze kwegama lomuntu oshonile kuphrofayela yakhe ye-Instagram.
• Konke ukufinyelela kokungena kukhutshazwe unomphela, kuvikela i-akhawunti kubageli nabalingisi.
• Okuthunyelwe okukhona, ama-Reels, nezithombe zephrofayela zihlala zibonakala kuzithameli okwabelwane ngazo, futhi isilungiselelo sobumfihlo se-akhawunti (Esidlangalaleni noma Esiyimfihlo) sikhiyelwe endaweni unomphela.
• Ama-akhawunti e-Instagram enziwe ngeSikhumbuzo awaveli kuthebhu ethi Hlola noma iziphakamiso ze-akhawunti.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-Instagram¶

1. Ukuze Ukhumbule I-akhawunti Ye-Instagram: Thumela ifomu elisemthethweni kokuthi "Isicelo Sokwenza Isikhumbuzo Se-akhawunti Ye-Instagram" (help.instagram.com/contact/452224988254813). Nikeza igama lomuntu eliphelele, isibambo se-Instagram (@username), idethi yokufa, kanye nesixhumanisi sendatshana yokufa okuku-inthanethi, indatshana yezindaba, noma isithombe sesitifiketi sokufa.
2. Ukukhipha I-akhawunti Yomuntu Oshonile Ye-Instagram: Thumela ifomu elisemthethweni kokuthi "Isicelo Sokukhipha I-akhawunti Yomuntu Oshonile ku-Instagram" (help.instagram.com/contact/1474899482730688). Kufanele uhlinzeke:
3. Isitifiketi sokuzalwa somufi noma isitifiketi sokufa esisemthethweni.
4. Ubufakazi ngaphansi komthetho wendawo bokuthi uyilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umzali, umlingani, ingane yakini, ingane) noma ummeleli ogunyaziwe wefa labo.

3. X (ngaphambilini bekungu-Twitter)¶

U-X akanikezi** isici sesikhumbuzo futhi akasoze anikeza imvume yokungena ku-akhawunti ngokunganaki ubudlelwano bakho nomufi. Kunalokho, u-X uvumela amalungu omndeni aseduze aqinisekisiwe noma ababi befa ukuthi bacele ukuvalwa unomphela kanye nokususwa kwephrofayela yomsebenzisi oshonile.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwe-X¶

1. Ngaphambi kokucela ukuyekiswa, gcina mathupha noma yikuphi okuthunyelwe okusesidlangalaleni, izithombe, noma uchungechunge lwevidiyo kusuka kuphrofayela umndeni wakho ofisa ukuyigcina, ngoba ukuyekiswa kukususa unomphela.
2. Iya Efomini Lobumfihlo Lesikhungo Sosizo sika-X (help.x.com/forms/privacy) bese ukhetha "Ngifuna ukucela ukuthi ivalwe i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi oshonile noma ongakwazi ukusebenza."
3. Nikeza i @username womuntu oshonile kanye nemininingwane yakho yokuxhumana.
4. Uma usuthumele ifomu lokuqala, ithimba le-X le-Trust and Safety lizokuthumelela imiyalelo nge-imeyili ukuze ulayishe amadokhumenti amathathu ayisibopho:
5. Ikhophi isitifiketi sokufa esisemthethweni somuntu oshonile.
6. Ikhophi yesithombe sakho se-ID esikhishwe uhulumeni (njengelayisensi yokushayela noma iphasiphothi).
7. Isitatimende esayiniwe esihlanganisa igama lakho nesibongo, ikheli le-imeyili, imininingwane yokuxhumana yamanje, ubudlelwano bakho nomsebenzisi oshonile, kanye nesenzo esiceliwe ("Sicela uvale le akhawunti").

4. LinkedIn¶

Ngenxa yokuthi amaphrofayela e-LinkedIn avela phezulu emiphumeleni yenjini yokusesha futhi athola izicelo zokuxhuma ezizenzakalelayo, imilayezo yokunxeshezelwa, kanye nezaziso "Zokuhalalisela u-[Igama] ngosuku lwabo lomsebenzi", okushiya iphrofayela yochwepheshe eshonile isebenza kungabangela ukudideka okubuhlungu kozakwabo nomndeni. I-LinkedIn inikeza kokubili Ukwenziwa Kwesikhumbuzo kanye nokuthi Ukuvalwa Kwe-akhawunti.

Ukuhanjiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwe-LinkedIn¶

1. Qoqa lezi zingxenye ezinhlanu zolwazi ngaphambi kokuvula ifomu:
2. Igama eliphelele lelungu kanye ne-URL eqondile yephrofayela yabo ye-LinkedIn (linkedin.com/in/...).
3. Ubudlelwano bakho nelungu elishonile.
4. Ikheli le-imeyili lelungu (uma laziwa), usuku ashona ngalo, kanye negama lenkampani yokugcina ababeyisebenzela.
5. Isixhumanisi esiya kumngcwabo osemthethweni noma isikena se-PDF nesitifiketi sokufa.
6. Amadokhumenti omthetho abonisa ukuthi ugunyaziwe ukuba wenzela umufi (uma ufuna ukuvala i-akhawunti unomphela kunokuba uyikhumbule).
7. Uma unegunya elingokomthetho lokumelela ifa: Thumela ifomu losizo le-LinkedIn "Khumbuza noma uvale i-akhawunti yelungu elishonile" (linkedin.com/help/linkedin/ask/ts-rdmlp). Ungakhetha okuthi Khumbula (okubeka ibheji ethi "Esikhumbuzweni" ngaphansi kwesihloko sazo, ikhiya ukufinyelela kokungena, futhi imise zonke iziyalezo zokugubha usuku lokuzalwa/zosuku lokuzalwa) noma Vala I-akhawunti (eyifihla unomphela futhi isuse iphrofayela).
8. Uma unguzakwenu, umngane, noma ofunda naye ekilasini ngaphandle kwemibhalo yefa elisemthethweni: Thumela Ifomu Losizo Le-LinkedIn "Bika ilungu le-LinkedIn elishonile" (linkedin.com/help/linkedin/ask/ts-rmdmlp) ngesixhumanisi esiya kumbiko womngcwabo womphakathi. I-LinkedIn izofihla iphrofayela kusesho lwasesidlangalaleni futhi imise izaziso ngenkathi ivikela i-akhawunti kuze kube yilapho amalungu omndeni efinyelela.

5. I-TikTok, i-YouTube (i-Google), i-Apple, ne-Snapchat¶

Imithetho esemthethweni yokungena kuma-akhawunti omuntu oshonile¶

Lapho othandekayo eshona futhi eshiya incwadi yamagama ayimfihlo etafuleni lakhe, umzwelo wemvelo wabangane bomshado abaningi abasaphilayo, abazali, noma izingane uwukungena ngokuqondile kuma-imeyili abo nama-akhawunti ezinkundla zokuxhumana. Nakuba kuqondakala, ukwenza kanjalo kunezingozi ezintathu ezingokoqobo nezingokomthetho okufanele uzicabangele ngokucophelela.

1. Ukuvalwa kokukhwabanisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye ne-akhawunti iyamiswa¶

Izinkundla zokuxhumana zesimanjemanje nabahlinzeki be-imeyili basebenzisa ama-algorithms okuphepha kokuziphatha. Uma ungena ku-akhawunti yomuntu oshonile usuka endlini ehlukile, ikhompuyutha entsha, noma inethiwekhi entsha ye-Wi-Fi futhi ngokushesha uqale ukulanda izingobo zomlando, ukushintsha amakheli e-imeyili, noma ukunqamula amakhadi okukhokha, isistimu yokuvikela ezenzakalelayo yenkundla ihlaba umkhosi iseshini njengokuthathwa kwe-akhawunti okunonya. Inkundla izokhiya i-akhawunti ngokushesha futhi ifune ividiyo ebukhoma ye-biometric selfie noma ukuqinisekiswa kokhiye wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi ongeke usaqedwa.

2. Ukucekelwa phansi kwefa noma ubufakazi bezomthetho¶

Uma umuntu eshone ngenxa yokushayisana kwemoto, ingozi yasemsebenzini, ukungahambi kahle kwezokwelapha, noma ubugebengu okusolwayo, noma uma kukhona ingxabano engaba khona mayelana nefa lakhe, ukungena kuma-akhawunti akhe kushintsha imethadatha yedijithali (izitembu zesikhathi "zokungena kokugcina" namarisidi okufunda). Abameli bezokuvikela noma izinkantolo ze-probate zingabekela inselele ubuqiniso bemilayezo noma amarekhodi ezezimali uma othile engene ngemvume ngemva kwesikhathi sokufa.

3. Imithetho esemthethweni yokufinyelela i-fiduciary (RUFADAA nokulingana komhlaba wonke)¶

• E-United States: Cishe zonke izifundazwe ezingu-50 zenze umthetho othi Umthetho Obuyekeziwe We-Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA). Ngaphansi kwe-RUFADAA, isigaba sezomthetho esinezigaba ezintathu silawula ukuthi ubani ongakwazi ukufinyelela ama-akhawunti edijithali omuntu oshonile:
• Isigaba 1 (Amathuluzi E-inthanethi): Imiyalo emiswe umsebenzisi ngokuqondile ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lefa elisemthethweni lenkundla (elifana nokuthi Oxhumana Naye Ngefa le-Facebook, Umphathi We-akhawunti Engasebenzi we-Google, noma I-Digital Legacy Contact) ye-Apple ikhipha ngokusemthethweni imiyalelo engqubuzanayo encwadini yefa.
• Isigaba 2 (I-Will, Trust, noma Amandla Ommeli): Uma umsebenzisi engasebenzisanga ithuluzi eliku-inthanethi, ukugunyazwa okucacile okubhalwe encwadini yakhe yefa lokugcina kanye neThestamente eliphilayo noma i-Living Trust ilawula ukuthi umabi wefa angakwazi yini ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwezokuxhumana ngogesi.
• Isigaba 3 (Imigomo Yesevisi): Uma ithuluzi eliku-inthanethi noma incwadi yefa ingekho ekhuluma ngezimpahla zedijithali, Imigomo Yesevisi yenkundla iyabusa, ngokuvamile enikeza umenzi "ikhathalogi" yezokuxhumana (othumele ubani futhi nini i-imeyili) noma ukuvalwa kwe-akhawunti, kodwa hhayi okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo kwemilayezo ngaphandle komyalelo wenkantolo.
• E-United Kingdom, Canada, European Union, nase-Australia: Imithetho yokuvikela idatha (efana ne-UK/EU General Data Protection Regulation, evamise ukuyeka ukusebenza kubantu abashonile e-UK nasezifundeni eziningi ezingamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kwalapho imithetho kazwelonke icacisa ngamalungelo ngemva kokushona, njenge-Loi pour une République numérique yase-France) noma Ikhodi Yobumfihlo Yezwe yase-Italy yokusebenzisana ngokungafanele Nomthetho Wobumfihlo wekhompyutha. Abaphathi bezakhiwo abaphethe ngokusemthethweni Isibonelelo Sesiqinisekiso noma Izincwadi Zokuphatha kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi basebenzise iziteshi zenkundla zokucela ukwethembeka esikhundleni sokuqagela ngokuyimfihlo amagama ayimfihlo.

Kopisha bese unamathisele imibhalo ukuze uvikele umndeni wakho emikhonyongeni yokushonelwa¶

Sebenzisa lezi zifanekiso esezilungele ukwabelana ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo ukufa ukuze izihlobo ezisosizini zingadingeki zibhale izexwayiso zokuphepha kusukela ekuqaleni.

Iskripthi 1: Isixwayiso somkhonyovu ngokushonelwa esidlangalaleni (ukufaka phakathi phansi kweposi lakho lesimemezelo somngcwabo)¶

Inothi elibalulekile lezokuphepha labangane nomndeni: Abakhohlisi bavame ukudala amaphrofayela mbumbulu futhi bathumele izixhumanisi zokusakaza bukhoma ezinomgunyathi ezimemezelweni zomngcwabo. Sicela wazi ukuthi umndeni wethu awusoze ukucele ukuthi ufake inombolo yekhadi lesikweletu, ukhokhe imali, noma ubhalise kuwebhusayithi yangaphandle ukuze ubuke inkonzo yesikhumbuzo sika-[Name]. Uma noma ubani ekuthumelela isicelo sobungani ezenza [Igama] noma ebeka amazwana ngokusakaza bukhoma noma isixhumanisi somnikelo esingaveli ngokuqondile kokuthi [Igama Lelungu Lomndeni Eliqinisekisiwe / Iwebhusayithi Yekhaya Lomngcwabo Esemthethweni], sicela ungayichofozi. Bika futhi uvimbele iphrofayela ngokushesha.

Iskripthi 2: Imiyalelo "ye-usher oyidijithali" oqokiwe (umngane womndeni wengamela ukuphawula)¶

"Siyabonga ngokusiza umndeni wethu ukuthi uqaphe okuthunyelwe kokuhlonipha u-[Name] kuleli sonto. Ungakwazi yini ukubheka amazwana kokuthunyelwe kwethu kwezimemezelo njalo ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, ikakhulukazi ekuseni ngenkonzo? Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuphawula kwe-akhawunti engaziwa ethi 'Buka umngcwabo bukhoma lapha' noma unamathisele isixhumanisi sesayithi noma i-Telegram/iqembu le-Facebook, sicela uthathe isithombe-skrini, uchofoze* ukuze uthole amazwana, u-Fihla ngokushesha bese ubeka amazwana umkhonyovu/ukuzenza ongeyena."

Iskripthi 3: Incwadi esemthethweni yokucela ukuvalwa kwama-akhawunti amancane aku-inthanethi ngaphandle kwamafomu ewebhu okushonelwa¶

Isihloko: Isaziso Esisemthethweni Sokufa Nesicelo Sokuvalwa Kwe-akhawunti: [Igama Eliphelele Elisemthethweni Lomufi]

Ethimbeni Lobumfihlo, Ukwethenjwa Nokuphepha, kanye Nokulahlekelwa,

Ngibhala [njengomngane womshado osaphila / umzali / ingane endala / umabi wefa omiswe yinkantolo] ka [Igama Eliphelele Elingokomthetho Lomufi], owashona ngo [Usuku Lokufa].

Sicela wamukele lesi sicelo esisemthethweni sokuvala unomphela i-akhawunti yabo yomsebenzisi ehlotshaniswa negama lomsebenzisi/isibambo [Igama lomsebenzisi/I-URL] kanye nekheli le-imeyili [Ikheli Le-imeyili Lomufi], futhi ukhansele noma yikuphi ukubhalisa okuphindelelayo okuhlobene nale phrofayela.

Okunamathiselwe kulo mlayezo kukhona: 1. Ikhophi yesitifiketi sokufa esisemthethweni (esinezinombolo zikamazisi zikazwelonke ezibhalwe kabusha). 2. Amadokhumenti aqinisekisa ubuhlobo bami obungokomthetho negunya lokumelela umufi ([Isitifiketi Somshado / Isitifiketi Sokuzalwa / ITestamente Lezincwadi]).

Abazithobayo, [Igama Lakho Eliphelele] [Ubudlelwano Bakho Nomufi] [Inombolo Yakho Yocingo Nekheli Leposi]

Gcwalisa uhlu lokuhlola ukuphepha kwedijithali kwangemva kokufa¶

Sebenzisa lolu hlu ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-14 kuya kwezingu-30 ngemuva kokushona kothandekayo:

• Vikela amadivayisi aphathekayo: Beka i-smartphone yomuntu oshonile, ithebhulethi, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, nanoma ibaphi okhiye bokuqinisekisa ubunikazi behadiwe ekhabetheni elikhiyiwe noma kuphephile ngaphakathi kwekhaya lomabi.
• Hlola i-digital legacy binder noma ikhithi yezimo eziphuthumayo yomphathi wephasiwedi: Bheka kukhabethe labo eliphephile noma lokufayila Ikhithi Yezimo Eziphuthumayo engu-1Password, ishidi lokutakula le-Bitwarden, Ukhiye Wokufinyelela Othintana naye we-Apple Legacy, noma uhlu olubhaliwe lwezikweletu ezivela njalo.
• Gcina ibhokisi lokungenayo le-imeyili eliyinhloko nekhadi le-SIM leselula lisebenza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa: Ungavali i-imeyili yabo ye-Gmail, Outlook, noma iCloud noma ukhansele izinombolo zabo zomakhalekhukhwini kuze kuqedwe wonke ama-akhawunti asebhange, ukufakwa kwentela, ama-akhawunti kasizo, nokuvalwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana (imvamisa kube izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12). Ungehlisela uhlelo lweselula ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu lezwi/lombhalo ukuze wonge imali kuyilapho ugcina inombolo yocingo ngaphansi kolawulo lomndeni.
• Hlola izitatimende zebhange nekhadi lesikweletu ngokubhaliselwe kwedijithali okuphindelelayo: Hlola izinyanga ezingu-3 zokugcina zezitatimende zebhange nekhadi lesikweletu (kanye ne-Apple App Store, i-Google Play Isitolo, ne-PayPal ephindelelayo yokukhokha) ukuze uhlonze futhi ukhansele izinsizakalo zokusakaza-bukhoma, isitoreji samafu, ubulungu be-Patreon, nokubhaliselwe kwesofthiwe.
• Yazisa izikhungo ezinkulu zezikweletu ukuthi zibeke "Isexwayiso Somufi" kanye nokumiswa kwekhredithi: E-United States, thumela ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yesitifiketi sokushona kokuthi Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion ucela ifulege elithi "Ushonile, Ungakhiphi Ikhredithi" efayeleni labo lesikweletu. E-United Kingdom, sebenzisa Isevisi Yezaziso Zokufa (deathnotificationservice.co.uk) futhi yazise i-Experian, i-Equifax, neTransUnion UK. E-Canada, yazisa i-Equifax Canada ne-TransUnion Canada.
• Khumbula noma uvale ama-akhawunti amakhulu enkundla yezokuxhumana: Thumela amafomu aqinisekisiwe e-Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, X, TikTok, Pinterest, kanye ne-Snapchat ngemva kokulondoloza izithombe zomndeni zomphakathi.
• Hlela kusengaphambili ama-akhawunti akho namuhla: Vula izilungiselelo zakho ku-Facebook/Instagram (Isikhungo Se-akhawunti > Imininingwane Yomuntu Siqu > Ubunikazi Be-akhawunti Nokulawula > Ukwenza Isikhumbuzo), i-Apple (Izilungiselelo > [Igama Lakho] > Ngena Ngemvume Nokuphepha > Othintana Naye Ngefa), kanye ne-Google (myaccount.google.com/inactive) ukuqoka Oxhumana naye Othembekile.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC, United States): Iseluleko Sabathengi Ngabakhohlisi Abaqondise Imindeni Esosizini, Ukusakaza Okubukhoma Komngcwabo Okungelona iqiniso, kanye Nokuvala Ama-akhawunti Ngemva Kokufa.
• I-Meta Platform (Izikhungo Zosizo ze-Facebook ne-Instagram): Ama-akhawunti Esikhumbuzo, Izimvume Zokuxhumana Nefa, kanye Nokucela Ukususwa Kwe-akhawunti Yomuntu Oshonile.
• Usizo Lwe-Akhawunti Ye-Google (Lwamazwe Ngamazwe): Umphathi We-akhawunti Engasebenzi Nokuthumela Isicelo Mayelana Ne-akhawunti Yomsebenzisi Oshonile.
• I-Apple Support (International): Umengeza Kanjani Othintana Naye Ngefa Ku-ID Yakho Ye-Apple futhi Ucele Ukufinyelela Ku-akhawunti Ye-Apple Yelungu Lomndeni Elishonile.
• I-LinkedIn Yosizo kanye ne-X Isikhungo Sosizo: Ukukhumbula noma Ukuvala I-akhawunti Yelungu Le-LinkedIn Elishonile kanye Nokuvala I-akhawunti Ye-X Yomsebenzisi Oshonile.
• Ikhomishana Yomthetho Efanayo (i-United States): Isifinyezo Esibuyekeziwe Sokutholwa Okufana Okufanayo Kokufinyelela Kuzimpahla Zedijithali (RUFADAA) kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwempahla.
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvikeleka Kwe-Cyber ​​​​kanye Nokukhwabanisa Kwesenzo (NCSC, United Kingdom): Ukukhwabanisa Kokuzenza Ongeyena Nokuvikela Ubunikazi Bedijithali Ngemva Kokufa.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukuthathwa kwe-akhawunti yenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nokugebenga
• Inkundla yezokuxhumana ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nemikhonyovu yokuzenza ongeyena
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ku-inthanethi, i-doxxing, nobuxhwanguxhwangu be-inthanethi
• Ukubika okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni nokulimazayo
• Uhlelo oluphuthumayo lomndeni
• Izinombolo eziphuthumayo