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I-Lathe, i-Drill Press, kanye ne-Rotate Spindle Entanglement: I-Emergency Stop and Trauma Care

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Izintambo zensimbi, izinsimbi zokhuni, imishini yokubhoboza eqondile, nemishini yokugaya iphakathi kwemishini engathetheleli ezitolo zezimboni, izindawo zabakhi bezikole, nasemagaraji asekhaya ngenxa yokuthi ama-spindles azo avuliwe, ama-chucks, nezikulufu zomthofu zizungeza ngaphansi kwetorque ephezulu ngesivinini esingu-300 kuya ku-3,000 ukuphenduka ngomzuzu.*. Ngokungafani nensingo yesaha eyindilinga esika futhi isunduze umunwe kude, i-lathe chuck ephothayo noma i-drill bit ibamba indwangu elukiweyo, amagilavu ​​omsebenzi wesikhumba, imikhono emide, izindandatho, noma izinwele ezixegayo futhi inyakazisa isitho somuntu eduze kwe-shaft yensimbi ngamamitha angu-*2 kuya kwangu-10 ngomzuzwana (amafidi angu-6.5 kuya kwangu-33 ngomzuzwana)**. Ku-1,200 RPM, i-lathe workpiece engu-10-centimeter-diameter (4-intshi-diameter) iqeda ukuzungezisa okugcwele okungu-20 ngomzuzwana owodwa, idonsa ingalo yomsebenzisi noma ikhanda kumbhede womshini ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho bomuntu bukwazi ukucubungula i-reflex ebonakalayo yemizuzwana engu-0.25. Okuyingozi ngendlela efanayo ukhiye othi i-lathe chuck esele ku-chuck, evula isitolo njengesando sensimbi lapho umshini wokuphotha uqalisa khona manjalo. Uma ukuthandelwa komshini ojikelezayo, ukuhushulwa, noma ukuteleka kwe-chuckkey ondizayo kwenzeka, shayela inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yasendaweni ngokushesha (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ku-European Union yonkana, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma thintana nenkomba yethu yomhlaba jikelele ye- izinombolo eziphuthumayo. Ukuze uthole izinqubo zokopha ngokushesha kanye nokunqunywa kwesitho, funda imihlahlandlela yethu ku ukunqunywa okubuhlungu: ukulondolozwa komunwe, isandla, kanye nezitho, ukulawula ukopha okukhulu, futhi i-angle grinder disc shatter, i-table saw kickback, kanye nokuhlukumezeka kwe-workshop.

Yenza lokhu manje

  1. Shayiza inkinobho yekhowe elibomvu I-Emergency Stop (E-Stop) FUTHI ugxobe i-Foot Brake Pedal yobude obugcwele ngaso leso sikhathi, bese ucisha futhi Khiya i-breaker enkulu yodonga. Inkinobho ye-E-Stop iyodwa inqamula amandla kagesi kusixhumi senjini, kodwa i-lathe chuck ye-iron esindayo ezungeza ngo-1,500 imizuzwana engu-500 kuya ku-PM. ibhuleki lokuphotha elisebenza ngonyawo lidangele. Ukuvala ukunqamula odongeni kuqinisekisa ukuthi umshini awukwazi ukuqala kabusha ngephutha ngenkathi abatakuli befake izandla zabo ngaphakathi kwemihlathi ye-chuck.
  2. UNGALOKOTHI uvule injini yomshini emuva ukuze uvule ingalo ebambene, isandla, noma isikhumba sekhanda. Ukuvula injini enamandla ukuya emuva kusebenzisa i-torque enamandla amahhashi amaningi esithweni esivele siphukile, esisontekile, okubangela ukunqunywa ngokuphelele noma ukudabuka kwemithambo emikhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, uma isinqamuli sikagesi esiyinhloko sesivalelwe ngaphandle endaweni ESIVALIWE, hambisa izileveli zebhokisi le-lathe headstock zibe Neutral (indawo yokuphotha mahhala) bese uzungezisa i-chuck uhlehle kancane ngesandla kuyilapho usika ingubo enenxeba eliqinile noma izinwele ngezisikela ezisindayo.
  3. Lawula ukopha kwe-arterial eyinhlekelele ngokushesha usebenzisa ingcindezi eqondile noma i-windlass tourniquet ebekwe amasentimitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-7 (amayintshi angu-2 kuya kwangu-3) ngaphezu kwenxeba. Gcina uqaphele umehluko owodwa obalulekile wokuhlinzwa: ukunqunywa kwe-avulsion okujikelezayo (lapho ingalo noma umunwe usontekile futhi udonswa i-artinal shaft ejikelezayo kuze kube yilapho i-artinal shaft ejikelezayo) ukuhlehla kanye nokuquleka kuvaleke ekuqaleni, kwaqala umfutho omkhulu, obeka impilo engozini wokuphuma kwemithambo emizuzwini eyi-10 kuye kwengama-30 kamuva njengoba umfutho wegazi ululama noma umkhumbi ukhululeka. Gcoba i-tourniquet ephezulu futhi eqinile ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukunqunywa kwesitho esikhulu noma ukukhwabanisa okukhulu bese ubhala isikhathi sokufaka isicelo esiphongweni.
  4. Uma izinwele ezinde noma isikhumba sekhanda sibhajwe kusikulufa sokuphotha sokucindezela noma se-lathe lead, sekela isisindo sekhanda nentamo yomuntu ohlukunyeziwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokugunda izinwele ngokukhululeka. Lapho i-spindle drill press spindle iphakamisa umsila, idonsa ikhanda lomqhubi ngamandla ngokumelene ne-cast-iron quill housing, ibangele njalo ukuphuka, umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho, umgogodla womlomo wesibeletho kanye nomoya. isiphazamiso. Cela umhlengi oyedwa abambe ikhanda nentamo yesisulu ngendlela ezinzile kuyilapho umhlengi wesibili egunda izintambo zezinwele ngokuhlanzekile phakathi kwesikhumba sekhanda nokuphotha, futhi uma ingxenye yesikhumba sekhanda ikhishwe ngokuphelele, gcina izicubu zekhanda elivuvukele ku-gauze opholile omanzi ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sepulasitiki eqhweni ukuze kutshalwe kabusha imithambo yegazi.
  5. Londoloza noma yimiphi iminwe enqanyuliwe, izandla, noma izicucu zesikhumba ezivuvukele usebenzisa Indlela Eyomile Yezingqimba Ezintathu, UNGALOKOTHI ubeke izicubu ezinqunyiwe ngokuqondile emanzini noma ngokuqondile eqhweni elingenalutho. Hlanza insimbi embi kakhulu noma usike uwoyela ngobumnene ukhiphe ingxenye enqunyiwe ngosawoti oyinyumba, yisonga ingxenye leyo ngendwangu emanzi ecishiwe, uyivale ngendwangu eyipulasitiki evalekile. ngaphakathi kwesitsha sesibili esigcwele ingxube yeqhwa namanzi.
  6. Ungalokothi ugqoke amagilavu (isikhumba, ukotini, i-Kevlar, noma i-nitrile ewugqinsi), imikhono emide, ama-hoodies anezintambo zokudonsa, amawashi, izindandatho, noma izinwele ezingaqashiwe phakathi kwemitha elingu-1 (amafidi angu-3.3) welathe eligijimayo, umshini wokubhoboza, noma umshini wokugaya. Uma uhlanganisa noma upholisha i-shaft ephothayo endongeni, bopha ngendwangu ye-emery ngezandla zombili ngezandla ngemuva kwe-shaft **; bamba umucu emaphethelweni awo amabili kuphela ngezintende zezandla eziyisicaba ezivulekile ohlangothini olungaphambili (noma ugxunyekwe esigwedlweni sokhuni esisekelayo) ukuze udonse kahle eminwe yakho uma uhlehla.

Kungani Amagilavu Womsebenzi Ephoqelekile Ukuphatha Insimbi Yeshidi, Kodwa Ebulalayo Ku-Spindle Spinning

Omashini abasha nabathanda ukuzilibazisa bavame ukufundiswa ukugqoka i-Kevlar engathinteki noma amagilavu okusebenza esikhumba esindayo endaweni yokusebenzela ukuze bavikeleke kumabhula ensimbi abukhali. Ngenkathi amagilavu ​​evikela izandla zakho lapho uphethe isitokwe sebha engavuthiwe, ukugqoka noma yimaphi amagilavu ​​ngenkathi usebenzisa i-lathe, umshini wokubhoboza, noma umshini wokugaya kuyimbangela eyodwa ehamba phambili yokunqunywa kwezitho ezingenhla nokufa kwabantu ezitolo zemishini. Uma i-drill drill bit, i-fluted end Mill, noma i-spiraled steel chip ("i-swarf") iklaba isikhumba esingenalutho, isika isikhumba bese ilahla isandla sakho; uma sona leso sisiki sokuphotha noma iphinifa lensimbi lixhuma intambo eyodwa ye-Kevlar elukiweyo, ukotini, noma igilavu ​​yesikhumba, le ndwangu eqinile ayikwazi ukudabula. Igilavu ​​isebenza njengentambo yokuwina edonsa iminwe yakho, isihlakala, kanye nengalo yakho eduze kokuphotha okungu-1,500-RPM ku ngaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-80, ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunesikhathi sokusabela komuntu.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: ukugoqa okuphothayo okujikelezayo, ukukhishwa, nokunakekelwa kokuhlukumezeka

flowchart TD
    Start["Isimo Esiphuthumayo Somshini Ozungezayo: I-Lathe, I-Drill Press, noma I-Mill Entanglement / Impact"] --> Step1["UKUVALA OKUSHESHA UMSHINI: 1. Ibhuleki Le-Stomp Foot + Inkinobho Ye-E-Stop Ye-Slam Ebomvu 2. Phonsa I-Main Wall Nqamula Ugesi Shintshela UKUVALA 3. UNGALOKOTHI ushintshe umshini uye emuva okunamandla"]

    Step1 --> Status{"Ingabe isisulu sisabambeke ngomshini ku-spindle noma ku-chuck?"}

    Status -->|"1. YEBO: Isitho, Izingubo, noma Izinwele Inxeba Eliqinile Around Shaft"| TrapType{"Iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ebambezelekile?"}

    TrapType -->|"Ingalo, Isandla, noma I-Torso Idonswe Ku-Lathe Chuck"| LimbFree["OKUPHEPHILE UKUQHUBEKA KOMCHANA: 1. Faka i-windlass tourniquet esondele esithweni esivaleleke NGAPHAMBI kokuthi ukhulule uma uchotshoziwe/uphuma ukopha 2. Shifta amagiya egiya e-headstock uye OKUPHAKATHI (khipha isitimela segiya) 3. Sika izendlalelo zezingubo zamanxeba ngezikele zokuhlukumezeka noma ummese osetshenziswayo usuke esikhumbeni 4. Jikelezisa i-fracture ye-BF ihlehle ihlehle kancane kancane"]

    TrapType -->|"Izinwele noma Isikhumba Sekhanda Kudonswe Ku-Drill Cindezela noma Isikulufu Sokuhola"| ScalpFree["UKUKHISHWA KWE-SCALP NE-C-SPINE: 1. Umhlengi 1: Bamba ngokushesha futhi usekele ikhanda lesisulu kanye nomgogodla womlomo wesibeletho 2. Umhlengi 2: Sika izintambo zezinwele eziqinile phakathi kwe-scalp ne-spindle uma isikhala sivuma 3. Uma isikhumba sekhanda silimele siqinile ku-shaft, khulula ibhande/i-spidle ngokuphuma kwegazi ngesandla. ukucindezela okuqondile; gcina i-scalp ephukile ku-gauze epholile"]

    Status -->|"2. CHA: Isisulu Siphonswe Sicacile Noma Ingxenye Isivele Yanqunywa"| TraumaCheck{"Ithini iphethini yokulimala eyinhloko?"}

    TraumaCheck -->|"Ukunqunywa Okuphelele noma Okuyingxenye / Ukwehliswa Komunwe noma Ingalo"| AmpCare["I-AMPUTATION & DEGLOVING PROTOCOL: 1. Faka ingcindezi eqondile eqondile + i-tourniquet ephezulu neqinile yokopha okukhulu kwesitho 2. Hlukanisa izingxenye ezinqunyiwe ngokuqondanisa kwe-anatomical (ungaze usike amabhuloho esikhumba) 3. Goqa ingxenye enqanyuliwe nge-gauze eyinyumba emanzi -> faka uphawu esikhwameni sepulasitiki se-icesh ->"]

    TraumaCheck -->|"Ishaywe Esifubeni, Ebusweni, noma Ekhanda ngokhiye we-Chuck okhishiwe noma i-Workpiece"| BluntCare["UKUHLUKANA OKUBUHLUNGU/OKUNGENA OKUPHEZULU OKUPHEZULU: 1. Gcina ukuqina komgogodla womlomo wesibeletho 2. Hlanza igazi noma amazinyo aphukile endleleni yokuphefumula; ncika phambili noma guqe eceleni uma uhlanza 3. Vala amanxeba asesifubeni avuliwe ngamacala amathathu noma avuleke esifubeni; shayela ku-911/112/999"]

I-biomechanics ye-1,500-RPM entanglement: kungani ingqondo yomuntu ingakwazi ukuyeka

Abaningi abangochwepheshe bemishini nabasebenza ngokhuni bakholelwa ukuthi uma ucezu lwendwangu ye-emery, i-rag yesitolo, noma i-cuff exegayo ibanjwa ucezu lomsebenzi oluphothayo, bayomane bavule iminwe yabo bese bededela ngaphambi kokuba isandla sabo sidonswe. I-kinematics yezibalo kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwengozi ye-OSHA kufakazela ukuthi ukuyeka akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba uma ukuthandelwa kuqala.

1. I-80-Millisecond Wrap Calculation vs 250-Millisecond Human Rection Time

Cabangela u-opharetha opholisha 75-millimeter (3-intshi) wensimbi shaft enobubanzi bensimbi** ephotha kulathe yenjini ngesivinini esimaphakathi sokupholisha 1,200 RPM: - Isivinini somugqa womugqa: Ku-1,200 RPM, isiyingi saleyo shaft engu-75-millimeter ngu-\(0.2356\text{ metres}\) (\(9.27\text{ inches}\)), futhi iqeda ama-revolution angu-20 ngomzuzwana. Indawo engaphandle ye-steel shaft idlula iminwe yomsebenzisi ngo-*4.71 amamitha ngomzuzwana (amafidi angu-15.5 ngesekhondi)**. - Isikhathi sokusabela esibonakalayo nesithintekayo somuntu: Kusukela lapho ukudonsa komshini kuvuselela ama-mechanoreceptors eminweni yakho, kuthatha cishe 150 kuya ku-250 amamillisecond (0.15 kuya ku-0.25 amasekhondi) ukuze umfutho wemizwa ufinyelele ebuchosheni, ucutshungulwe yi-motor cortex, i-muscle ye-median/radiation yehle i-flexible nerve. umphambili. - Izingalo zakho zihamba ibanga elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho bakho bazi ukuthi ibambezeleke: Phakathi nalokho kubambezeleka kwemizwa ye-neural okuyisekhondi elingu-0.20, ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho bakho buqale nokuthumela umyalo wokuthi uvule isandla sakho, i-lathe shaft isivele izungezile izikhathi ezi-4 ezigcwele futhi ilimele ngamasentimitha angu-94 (amayintshi angu-37) endwangu, igilavu, noma ingalo. Isandla sakho, isihlakala, ingalo, kanye nehlombe sekuvele kugoqelwe i-chuck ejikelezayo ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-snag yenzekile.

2. "I-Chinese Finger Trap" i-constriction yendwangu elukiwe kanye nendwangu ye-emery

Uma u-opharetha ephethe umucu wendwangu ye-aluminum-oxide emery elukiweyo noma i-rag yesitolo sikakotini ezungeza shaft ephothayo, noma egqoke igilavu kakotini/Kevlar elukiwe: - Ibhar encane encane noma imbobo kakhiye kushafti yokuphotha ibamba unqenqema oluphambili lwendwangu bese ilugoqa ngaphansi kokugoqa okulandelayo. - Phakathi nokuphenduka oku-1 (\(0.05\text{ seconds}\)), ukugoqa kwesibili kwendwangu kuvanga isithupha neminwe yenkomba ngaphansi kwebhande eliqinisayo lendwangu eqinile (okujwayelekile \(25\text{-millimeter}\) [\(1\text{-inch}\)] indwangu ene-backed emery strip inamandla okweqa amathani angu-800 ukuya ku-1 400 amapondo-amandla]**). - I-friction capstan effect (\(T_2 = T_1 capstan factor\)) ikhiya indwangu eduze kwe-shaft njengesigubhu sewintshi yasolwandle, inqamule ama-phalanges futhi idonse wonke umkhawulo ongaphezulu ngegebe elincane phakathi kocezu lokusebenza oluphothayo kanye nombhede we-lathe wensimbi.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezingozi zemishini ezungezayo, amaphethini okulimala, nezilawuli zezitolo

Ingozi Yomshini Ozungezayo Umshini Ojwayelekile Nesivinini I-Mechanical Trigger Iphethini ye-Trauma yesici Umthetho Oyisibopho Wokuvimbela Nokuhlenga
1. Igilavu / Umkhono / I-Emery-Cloth Entanglement I-Engine Lathe, i-Turret Lathe, Umshini Wokugaya (\(300\text{--}2,500\text{ RPM}\)) Ukugqoka amagilavu okusebenza, ama-cuffs axegayo, noma ukugoqa indwangu ye-emery/i-rag ezungeze umshini wokuphotha ngesandla Ukunqunywa kokuzungezayo kweminwe/ingalo; ukuphulwa kwe-spiral compound of radius, ulna, ne-humer; isifuba esivulekile uma sidonselwa embhedeni Amagilavu ayiziro noma imikhono emide; bamba indwangu ye-emery esigxotsheni sokhuni sokusekela; i-stomp foot brake + E-Stop; khulula ngesandla kokuthi I-Neutral
2. Izinwele Ezinde Ne-hoodie Drawstring Scalp Avulsion I-Vertical Drill Press, I-Lathe Lead Screw, I-Radial Drill (\(500\text{--}3,000\text{RPM}\)) Ubuso obuncike eduze ne-drill bit noma ithuluzi lokuwisa eduze kwesikulufa sokuhola esinezinwele ezingaboshiwe noma izintambo ezilengayo Ukuvuvuka kwekhanda lekhanda eliphelele noma ingxenye (ukuklebhuka eduze kwendiza yezicubu ze-areolar); ukuphuka komgogodla wesibeletho; umthelela wobuso ku-quill Bopha izinwele ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwekepisi ngemuva kwekhola; susa zonke izintambo ze-hoodie; faka i-drill-press chuck guard
3. Ukhohliwe I-Chuck Key Projectile Ejection Insimbi yensimbi noma i-Heavy Drill Press (\(500\text{--}2,000\text{RPM}\)) Umsebenzisi uqinisa imihlathi ngokhiye we-chuck we-T-handle, ukhohlwe ukhiye esokhethini, bese usebenzisa i-spindle clutch/start switch. Umthelela oshubile/ongenelayo wesivinini esikhulu kugebhezi, i-orbit, i-maxilla, noma i-sternum njengo-\(0.5\text{ kg}\) (\(1.1\text{ lb}\)) ukhiye wensimbi wethulwa ngo-\(>20\text{ m/s}\) (\(45\text{ mph}\)) Sebenzisa izikhiye ze-chuck ezilayishwe intwasahlobo kuphela kuphela; ungalinge uwudedele ukhiye we-chuck uze ubuyele esibambi sakho sebhentshi
4. Isitoko Sebha Engasekelwe "Helicopter Whip" I-Metal Lathe Hollow Headstock Spindle (\(800\text{--}2,500\text{RPM}\)) Induku ende yensimbi inweba \(>30\text{ cm}\) (\(12\text{ in}\)) iphumele ekugcineni kwesokunxele esingemuva se-spindle ye-headstock ngaphandle kweshubhu yokusekela i-bar feeder Amandla e-Centrifugal agobisa induku yokuphotha ibe i-engeli yamadigri angu-90 engxenyeni yesekhondi, ishanela indilinga evundlile ebulalayo echoboza izingebhezi Ungalokothi uvumele isitoko sebha esingasekelwe ukuthi siphumele ngaphandle ngemuva kwesigxobo sentambo; sika isitoko noma sebenzisa isiswebhu esisekela isiswebhu esingemuva
5. I-Unclaped Drill-Pres Workpiece Spin ("I-Helicopter Blade") I-Vertical Drill Press (\(400\text{--}1,500\text{RPM}\)) Umsebenzisi ubamba insimbi yeshidi noma ibha eyisicaba ngesandla etafuleni lokubhoboza; i-drill bit ibhoboza imbobo yokuphuma engezansi futhi imitshingo igxaze insimbi I-Workpiece iphuma esandleni bese iphotha ku-\(1,000\text{RPM}\) njengensimbi yokusika utshani, okubangela ukujula i-flexor tendon, umthambo we-ulnar, nemihuzuko esihlakaleni Gqoka zonke izingcezu zokusebenza etafuleni lokucindezela i-drill nge-vise, i-C-clamp, noma ibhawudi yokumisa; ungalokothi ubambe ishidi lensimbi ngesandla ngenkathi ubhoboza

Ukukhishwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwesisulu esibhajwe

Uma osebenza naye noma ilungu lomndeni lidonselwa emshinini wokunyathelisa we-lathe noma wokubhoboza, isigameko siba nesiphithiphithi futhi siyethusa. Ukulandela ukulandelana kwezinyathelo ezine ezinesiyalo kuvimbela ukulimala kwesibili kumhlengi futhi kusindisa impilo yesisulu.

Isinyathelo 1: Nciphisa amandla, Bhuleka, futhi ukhiye ngaphandle (Amasekhondi 0 kuye ku-5)

  1. Shaya i-Foot Brake KANYE ne-E-Stop: Kumalebula esimanje wezimboni (ngokuvumelana ne-ANSI B11.6 kanye ne-ISO 23125), ibha yokunyathela enobude obugcwele ebomvu noma ephuzi ihamba phansi phansi phansi kwe-lathe chip pan. Ukunyathela kuleyo bha kanye kanye kugila intambo yokuphepha kukagesi futhi kubambe ibhuleki lomshini noma lika-electromagnetic ku-spindle.
  2. Vala i-Wall Nqamula noma khipha umshini: Ngaphambi kokufaka izandla zakho phakathi kwemihlathi ye-lathe chuck noma izinwele eziqaqa kusukela ku-drill press spindle, jikijela i-lever yokunqamula udonga ku-VALI* (noma donsa intambo yamandla emshinini webhentshi). Kumalebula ezimboni amadala aqhutshwa yi-clutch (njengezigayo zakudala zeBridgeport noma iMonarch/Colchester lapho injini yezigaba ezintathu ilokhu iduma ngisho nalapho i-spindle clutch lever inqanyuliwe), yivale ngokuphelele injini eyinhloko ukuze ukungqubuza isilevi se-clutch ngesikhathi sokukhipha akukwazi ukuqalisa kabusha i-chuck.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlola ukopha kanye nendlela yomoya NGAPHAMBI kokuqaqa isitho (Amasekhondi angu-5 ukuya kwangu-30)

  • Uma isisulu sidonswe ngekhanda kuqala noma sidonswe esifubeni phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ephothayo: Intamo yaso, uqhoqhoqho, noma isifuba singaphiniselwa phansi esigxotsheni sethuluzi noma ucezu lokusebenza. Bheka ngokushesha ukuthi ziyakwazi yini ukuphefumula; uma ikhola yehembe elisontekile elimpintshayo noma intambo yehoodie iklinya imithambo ye-carotid kanye noqhoqhoqho, sika ikhola yehembe kanye nentambo yokudonsa iqonde phezulu kusukela entanyeni yehle usebenzisa izikele ezisindayo noma ummese oyihuku webhande lesihlalo ngokushesha.
  • Uma ingalo noma isandla sichotshozwa futhi sisongelwe ku-spindle: Bheka igazi le-arterial elibomvu eligqamile eligxumayo noma lihlangene kuthreyi ye-chip. Uma kunokopha okusongela ukuphila, sebenzisa i-windlass tourniquet ezungeze ingalo engenhla (i-humerus) amasentimitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-7 (amayintshi angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3) ngaphezu kwendawo evaleleke NGAPHAMBI kokuthi uvule isitho kusuka ku-shaft. Ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezela okuqinile kwe-shaft yensimbi kanye nomkhono osontekile usebenza njenge-tamonade yesikhashana; ngesikhathi uqaqa ingalo, imithambo ye-brachial enqanyuliwe noma emithanjeni ingaphuma igazi emizuzwaneni engu-90 ngaphandle uma i-tourniquet isivele ikhona.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ungakhulula kanjani isitho esivaleleke emshinini we-lathe noma wokubhoboza ngaphandle kokwenza omunye umonakalo

  1. UNGAGqi ehlombe noma umzimba womuntu ohlukunyeziwe: Ukudonsela emuva esithweni esiqhekeke i-spiral shaft eduze kwe-steel shaft kushayela ithambo elimangelengele ekugcineni ngemizwa kanye nemithambo yegazi engaguquki.
  2. Faka umshini wokuphotha amasondo ku-Free-Wheeling Neutral:
  3. Elethini yensimbi egeyelwe ekhanda: Thola i-RPM range shift lever ngaphambili kwesiphunzi bese uhambisa i-lever eyodwa phakathi kwamagiya amabili uye kokuthi Neutral detent (bese ukhulula ibhuleki lonyawo uma usubambe i-chuck eqinile ngezandla ezimbili ukuze ingazuli ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi).
  4. Emshinini wokubhoboza oqhutshwa yibhande noma i-wood lathe: Vula ikhava yonogada engaphezulu bese upheqa i-tension lever ukuze unciphise i-V-belt ku-pulley yokuphotha ukuze i-spindle ijike ngokukhululeka ngesandla.
  5. Sika izibopho zendwangu bese uhlehlisa kancane ngokuhlehla: Cela umhlengi oyedwa asekele ingalo ephukile yesisulu kuyilapho umhlengi wesibili esebenzisa izikele zokuhlukumezeka ukuze asike izendlalelo ezihlanganisiwe zomkhono noma wendwangu yegilavu, kancane ezungezisa i-chuck emuva ngesandla ngesandla esisodwa sekota ngesikhathi.
  6. Uma iminwe yomuntu ohlukunyeziwe incindezelwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokubamba noma phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi: Sebenzisa ukhiye we-chuck we-T-handle ukuze uvule imihlathi ye-chuck, noma usebenzise isondo lenqola le-lathe / ukudayela kwesilayidi ukuze uhlehlise ithuluzi lokusika lisuke esandleni.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukulawula Ukuvuvuka Kwendandatho, Ukukhipha Iglosari, Nokuvuvuka Kwesikhumba

Ama-spindle ajikelezayo kanye nezinsimbi zokubhoboza kubangela ukulimala okukhethekile kwezicubu ezithambile ezintathu ezidinga ukulondolozwa okuthile kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela kokuhlinzwa kwe-microsurgery eyakha kabusha: 1. Ukulimala Kokuvuvuka Kwendandatho (Kungani amaringi kungafanele agqokwe esitolo): Uma i-drill bit, i-chuck umhlathi, noma i-chip yensimbi endizayo ihuka ibhande lomshado legolide, isiliva, noma i-tungsten, iringi yensimbi isika ngokuzungeza phansi komunwe bese ihlubula isilinda sonke sesikhumba sedijithali, ikhiphe ithambo eliphansi kanye nezicubu ezithambile. njengokuxebula umunwe wegilavu (I-Urbaniak Class II noma i-III ukuvuswa indandatho). - Usizo Lokuqala: Ungalokothi uzame ukusunduza umkhono wesikhumba esikhumuliwe ubuyele phezu kwethambo, futhi ungalokothi unqamule i-flap yesikhumba elengayo. Lala kahle isikhumba esivuvukele endaweni yaso yemvelo ngaphandle kokuxubha imithambo yegazi emincane yedijithali, umboze nge-gauze oyinyumba efakwe usawoti omningi, uhlukanise sonke isandla, bese uhambisa isiguli kanye nanoma yisiphi izicubu zomunwe ezivaleleke ngokuphelele ukuyisa esibhedlela okunamandla okuhlinza ngezandla. 2. I-scalp Avulsion from Drill Press Entanglement: Ngoba isikhumba sekhanda somuntu sinongqimba oluqinile lwe-fibrous (galea aponeurotica) esitshuza phezu kwendiza exegayo, ecishe ingabi nagazi yezicubu ze-areolar ngenhla kwe-skull periosteum, lapho umshini wokubhoboza uphakamisa izinwele ezinde, lonke ukhakhayi olunezinwele oluphuma esweni okuhlanganisa nesikhumba esisodwa esicwebekile. i-flap enkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba sekhanda sinokutholakala kwemithambo ecebile evela emithanjeni ebhanqiwe emihlanu ezungeza umjikelezo, ukopha okuvela emaphethelweni aklebhukile kuyagubha futhi kungabangela ukushaqeka okopha. - Usizo Lokuqala: Gcoba izingubo zokuhlukumezeka ezinkulu, ezinkulu ezinomfutho oqinile ozungeza ukhakhayi olophayo (ngaphandle uma kuzwakala ukuphuka kogebhezi olucindezelekile olungazinzile, lapho cindezela khona emaphethelweni amathambo aqinile). Beka isikhumba sekhanda esivuvukele nezinwele zaso zisanamathiselwe phezu kwephedi ye-saline ye-saline emanzi eyinyumba ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sepulasitiki esivaliwe esibekwe phezu kodaka lwamanzi e-ice, odokotela abahlinzayo abancane bangakwazi ukunamathisela ngempumelelo isikhumba esivuvukele ngokuphelele ngisho namahora angu-6 kuye kwayi-12 kamuva uma sigcinwa sipholile futhi singalokothi siqandiswe.

I-'Stringy Steel Swarf' Razor Hazard kuma-Metal Lathes

Lapho uphendula ama-ductile steels, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-aluminium emshinini ongenawo umsele we-chip-breaker, iribhoni eqhubekayo, ebukhali yensimbi eshisayo (stringy swarf) iyafingqa ithuluzi lokusika. Uma lelo ribhoni ligoqa i-chuck ephothayo noma ucezu lomsebenzi, liphenduka libe ifu elizungezayo lezintambo ezicijile eziphindwe kabili eziphotha ngo-1,000 RPM. Ungalokothi ufinyelele ngesandla sakho esingenalutho noma esinamagilavu, noma ngisho nangodlawu olufushane, ukuze udonse iribhoni ephithene ye-swarf ku-lathe ephothayo. Ukudonsa isidleke se-swarf esiphothayo kuxhuma isandla sakho siqonde ku-chuck noma kusike imisipha yakho eguquguqukayo iye ethanjeni. Hlala njalo umise i-spindle ngokuphelele, noma gcina ihhuku yensimbi egobile enesibambo eside engu-60-intshi (24-intshi) ngesigada sesandla emshinini ukuze usule ama-chips kuphela uma i-spindle imisiwe.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwethulwa kwephrojekthi ye-"Lathe Chuck Key" kanye ne-"Tailstock Wrench".

Enye yezingozi ezidume kakhulu nebulalayo kuzo zonke izitolo zemishini yenzeka lapho umakhi efaka insimbi esindayo emise okuka-T chuck key esokhethini ye-lathe chuck enemihlathi emithathu noma yemihlathi emine ukuze kuqiniswe ingxenye, ithikamezeke imizuzwana emibili umuntu asebenza naye noma ipulani, futhi adonse isileva sokuqala sokuphotha ehlezi ukhiye we-chuck. - I-physics yokuqaliswa kokhiye we-chuck: Phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-0.2 wokuqalisa injini ye-lathe yamahhashi angu-5 ku-1,200 RPM, i-chuck isheshisa ukhiye we-chuck we-steel chuck ongu-0.5 kilogram (1.1-pound) ukuya kusivinini esisheshayo esingu-15 ukuya ku-25 wamamitha ngesekhondi (35 amamayela ukuya kwangu-55). Njengoba i-centrifugal force iphonsa ukhiye ngaphandle kwesokhethi yesikwele, igxuma iqonde phambili ibheke ebusweni bomsebenzisi nesifuba noma ngaphesheya kwesitezi sesitolo, ibangele ukuphuka kogebhezi oludangele, ukugqabuka kwamehlo, noma ukuhlukumezeka kwesifuba okungena ngaphakathi. - Imithetho emibili eyimpoqo yobunjiniyela besitolo eqeda ukwethulwa kwe-chuck-key unomphela: 1. Umkhuba wokuthi "Ukukhishwa Kweziro": Qeqesha inkumbulo yemisipha yakho ukuze isandla sakho sokunene noma kwesokunxele UNGALINGE sisidedele isibambo sokhiye we-chuck kuyilapho ukhiye uku-chuck. Uma udinga izandla zombili ukulungisa inkomba yokudayela noma ukuthatha i-mallet, ukhiye we-chuck kufanele uphume ku-chuck kuqala bese uqonda ngqo kusokhethi elisebhentshini elizinikele. 2. Faka Ukhiye Wokuphepha We-Chuck Ozilayishile Ozilayishile Wasentwasahlobo kanye Ne-Chuck Guard Ehlanganisiwe: Ngaphansi kwe-OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212), UK HSE (PUWER), kanye nezindinganiso ze-ISO 23125, amalebula esimanje asebenzisa okhiye be-chuck bokuphepha abalayishwe intwasahlobo (abafaka isiphethu sekhoyili esindayo esizungeza ichopho lesikwele esiphusha ukhiye uphume kusokhethi ngokushesha lapho ukhulula ukucindezela kwesithupha) kuhlanganiswe ne-hinged polycarbonate/steel semicircular chuck guard onentambo ukuze inqamule iswishi* ngakho-ke i-chuck ayikwazi ukuzulazula.

Ungapholisha kanjani umgodi we-lathe ophothayo ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokuthinta indwangu ye-Emery

E-United Kingdom nase-European Union, i-Health and Safety Executive (HSE) iphenye inqwaba yokunqunywa kwezitho okubangelwa ochwepheshe bemishini ebamba imicu yendwangu ye-emery ngesandla ezinsimbini zezandla. Ukupholisha noma ukucisha iphini lokuphotha nge-zero entanglement risk: (1) Ungalokothi usonge indwangu ye-emery ku-shaft noma ubambe iziphetho zombili ngeminwe ephiniwe; esikhundleni salokho, namathisela noma unamathisele umugqa we-emery ku-ipulangwe elide eliyisicaba (njengesivalo sikapende noma isibambo sefayela) bese ucindezela ubuso bokhuni oluyisicaba ngaphansi kwephini eliphothayo, noma (2) qinisa intambo yokupholisha yokhuni** yesitayela se-nutcracker elayishwe ngendwangu ye-emery ezungeze shaft futhi ubambe izibambo ezinde zokhuni ukusuka ngaphambili.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi

  • I-United States: Shayela u-911* ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukunqunywa, ukuvuvuka kwesikhumba, ukuthandela, noma isiteleka seprojectile esinesivinini esikhulu, futhi ucele ukuthuthwa ku- Level I Trauma Center enekhono le-Hand / Replantation Microsurgery. Ukugadwa komshini wendawo yokusebenza kuphoqelelwa yi-OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212 - Izimfuneko Ezivamile Zayo Yonke Imishini, kanye 29 CFR 1910.147 - I-Lockout/Tagout) kanye ANSI B11.6 (Izimfuneko Zokuphepha Zemishini Yokuguqula Mathupha / Izintambo, I-Brilling, i-Drilling, i-Brilling, i-Drilling, i-Drilling 8, i-Drilling, i-Drilling, i-Drilling, i-Milling Imishini). Abaqashi kufanele babike noma yikuphi ukunqunywa kwendawo yokusebenza noma ukulahlekelwa iso kwa-OSHA kungakapheli amahora angu-24** (1-800-321-6742).
  • Canada: Shayela u-911* ukuze uthole impendulo yokuhlukumezeka okuphuthumayo. Ukugadwa komshini nokuvala ngaphandle kulawulwa yi-CSA Z432 (Ukuvikela Imishini) kanye ne-CSA Z460 (Ukulawulwa Kwamandla Ayingozi) okuphoqelelwa ama-ejensi wesifundazwe (WorkSafeBC, i-Ontario Ministry of Labour, CNESST).
  • United Kingdom: Shayela ku-999* noma 112. Iphoqelelwe Isiphathimandla Sezempilo Nokuphepha (HSE) ngaphansi kwe- Ukuhlinzekwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwezisetshenziswa Zezisetshenziswa Zokusebenza 1998 (PUWER). Bona ngokuqondile Ishidi Lolwazi Lobunjiniyela le-HSE EIS2 (Izingozi Emizileni Yokusika Ensimbi Esebenzisa Indwangu ye-Emery) kanye ne BS EN ISO 23125.
  • I-European Union: Shayela u-112* kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Imishini ephendukayo nezigayo zilawulwa ngaphansi kwe- EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC / Machinery Regulation 2023/1230) kanye EN ISO 23125 (Amathuluzi omshini - Ukuphepha - Imishini yokujika).
  • I-Australia ne-New Zealand: Shayela u-000* e-Australia noma 111 eNew Zealand. Ilawulwa yi-Safe Work Australia, WorkSafe NZ, kanye ne-AS/NZS 4024.1 (Ukuphepha Kwemishini).

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ngingakwazi ukugqoka amagilavu ​​amancane alahlwa e-nitrile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emshinini we-lathe noma wokubhoboza ukuze ngiqhubeke nokusika amafutha ezandleni zami?

Yize amagilavu ​​esikhumba esindayo, ukotini, kanye namagilavu ​​omsebenzi e-Kevlar anqatshelwe eduze nezinsimbi zokuphotha eziphendukayo, ngisho namagilavu ​​e-nitrile alahlwayo angu-5-to-8-mil angakwazi ukubamba ithuluzi le-knurling elinesivinini esikhulu, intambo ecolekileyo, noma umtshingo wokubhoboza futhi anyakazise umunwe endaweni yokusika ngaphambi kokukhala kwenjoloba. I-UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) kanye neziqondiso ze-ANSI B11 zeluleka ngokumelene nokugqoka noma yimaphi amagilavu ​​lapho izandla ziseduze nokuphotha okuphendukayo; esikhundleni salokho, vikela isikhumba ekusikeni uketshezi usebenzisa ama-barrier creams, geza izandla ngemva komshini, futhi usebenzise izinto zokuxubha ibhulashi noma imibhobho epholisa amanzi ukuze izandla zakho zihlale zingenandawo yokuphotha.

Kungani kungafanele ubeke umunwe onqunyiwe ngqo esikhwameni seqhwa noma enkomishini yamanzi eqhwa?

Ukubeka umunwe onqanyuliwe noma ukubhakuzisa kwekhanda elivuvukele ngqo ku-ice Cubes (ikakhulukazi iqhwa elomile noma amaphakethe efriji angaphansi kwezinga) kumisa amangqamuzana athambile e-capillary endothelial kanye nezinzwa phakathi nemizuzu, kubangele i-necrosis yezicubu zesithwathwa esingenakulungiseka okwenza ukutshalwa kabusha kokuhlinzwa kungenzeki. Ngokufanayo, ukucwilisa ingxenye enqanyuliwe ngokuqondile emanzini aluketshezi noma emanzini kampompi kubangela ukuvuvukala kweseli ye-osmotic (i-maceration) ecekela phansi imithambo emincane kakhulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa Indlela Yezingqimba Ezintathu: (1) bopha ingxenye nge-gauze oyinyumba eswakanyiswe kancane ngosawoti, (2) uyivale ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sepulasitiki esomile esingangeni manzi, futhi (3) untante leso sikhwama esivalekile ngengxube yeqhwa nengxenye yamanzi (ahlala endaweni ephephile, engashisi +1 kuya ku-+4 degrees Celsius [34 to +4 degrees Celsius]).

Kungani ingalo kamufi enqanyuliwe ingazange yophe kakhulu emizuzwini eyi-10 yokuqala ngemuva kokuba ikhishwe emshinini?

Ngokungafani nocezu lwe-guillotine oluhlanzekile olusuka ku-saha noma i-shear-metal-metal, eshiya imithambo yegazi ivuleke yabanzi futhi igxuma ngokushesha, i-avulsion ejikelezayo enqunywa ku-lathe iyasonteka futhi yelule umthambo we-brachial noma we-radial njengocezu lwe-taffy ngaphambi kokuba lunqamuke. Lokho kunwebeka okujulile kwe-longitudinal kulimaza ungqimba lwe-tunica intima yangaphakathi, olugoqeka ngaphakathi kuyilapho i-muscular tunica media layer ivaleka ngci (vasospasm), ixhume i-artery okwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isiguli sifudumala, sithola uketshezi lwe-IV, noma sinyakaza ngesikhathi sokuthutha, lokho kugobhoza kwe-arterial kuyadedela kungazelelwe, okuholela ekuphumeni okungazelelwe, okukhulu kwe-arterial hemorrhage. Njalo beka i-windlass tourniquet proximal kunoma yikuphi ukunqunywa kwesitho esizungezayo ngokushesha.

Iyiphi indlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokumisa umshini wokubhoboza i-benchtop ukuthi ungaphenduki ucezu lweshidi lensimbi njengeblade yendiza enophephela emhlane?

Insimbi yeshidi namapuleti epulasitiki amancane ayizinto eziyingozi kakhulu zokubhoboza ngesandla ngoba njengoba ithiphu eliyindilinga lokubhoboza okusontekile elijwayelekile ligqekeza ngaphansi kweshidi elincanyana, imitshingo emibili eyisipesheli ibamba imiphetho engezansi yembobo njengentambo eyisikulufu ("ukubamba ukuphumelela"), iklebhula ishidi lensimbi eminwe yakho bese iliphotha ngo-RPM 1,0. Hlala njalo ubophela insimbi yeshidi elincanyana ebhodini lokusekela lokhuni lomhlatshelo eliboshelwe kuthebula lokubhoboza, sebenzisa i-drill bitana (i-Unibit) esikhundleni sokubhola okusontekile okujwayelekile kwensimbi encane, noma bhinca isitophu sensimbi esime mpo ngasohlangothini lwesokunxele lwetafula lokubhoboza ukuze ucezu lomsebenzi luncike epalini ohlangothini oluzungeza iwashi.

Ingabe kufanele nginqume ucezwana lwesikhumba olubambe umunwe ocishe unqanyulwe esandleni ukuze ngibeke umunwe eqhweni?

Ungalokothi usike ibhuloho lesikhumba, i-tendon, noma umucu wethishu oxhuma umunwe noma isitho esinqunywe kancane emzimbeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lelo bhuloho libukeka lincane kangakanani. Ngisho nebhuloho elingamamilimitha angu-3 (0.12-intshi) lesikhumba esiqinile sesundu noma somhlanga ngokuvamile liqukethe umthambo omncane wedijithali noma umthambo ogcina isihloko somunwe uphila futhi onyuse ngokuphawulekayo izinga lempumelelo lokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa. Esikhundleni salokho, qondanisa kahle umunwe onqanyulwe kancane endaweni yawo evamile ye-anatomical, bopha sonke isandla nge-gauze eyinyumba emanzi kanye ne-bulky padding, uhlukanise isandla nesihlakala ebhodini eliqinile, bese usebenzisa iphakethe elipholile ngaphandle kwengubo phezu kwengxenye ekude uma ukuthutha kubambezelekile. Ukuthatha usizo lokuqala kanye nesifundo sokulawula ukopha okuvela kwa-Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, noma umhlinzeki wendawo ulungiselela abasebenzi besitolo ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwezimboni.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni

  • Ukulawulwa Kokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 / 1910.147): *Izimfuneko Zokugada Umshini Wokuzungezisa Ama-Chuck, Ama-Spindle, Nezikulufu Zokuhola, Ukuvinjelwa kwamagilavu Emishinini Ezungezayo, kanye Nesivumelwano Sokukhishwa Kwe-Lockout/Tagout.
  • Isikhulu Sezempilo Nokuphepha sase-United Kingdom (HSE): Ishidi Lolwazi Lobunjiniyela EIS2 (Izingozi Emizileni Yokusika Insimbi Esebenzisa Indwangu ye-Emery), Ukuboshwa Emishini Yokubhoboza, kanye Nokuhambisana ne-PUWER 1998.
  • I-American National Standards Institute (ANSI B11.6 kanye ne-ANSI B11.8) kanye ne-ISO 23125: Izimfuneko Zokuphepha Zemishini Eguqulayo Mathupha (Ama-Lathes) kanye Nemishini Yokubhoboza/Yokugaya: Amabhuleki Ezinyawo, Ama-Chuck Guards, kanye Ne-Rear Bar-Stock Containment.
  • Inhlangano YaseMelika Yokuhlinzwa Kwesandla (ASSH) kanye Nekolishi LaseMelika Lodokotela Abahlinzayo: Ukuphathwa Kwangaphambi Kwesibhedlela Sokunqunywa Kokuqhunyiswa Kokuzulazula, Ukulimala Kwe-Ring Avulsion yase-Urbaniak, kanye Nokugcinwa Kokubuyiselwa Kwesikhumba Kwesikhumba.
  • Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini (NIOSH): UBUSO (Ukuhlola Ukufa Nokuhlola Ukulawula) Imibiko Ngokubanjwa Kwe-Lathe, I-Bar Stock Whip Engasekelwe, kanye Nokufa kuka-Chuck-Key.