Ama-Sneaker Waves, Jetty Sweeps, kanye ne-Incoming Tide Cliff Entrapment¶

I-sneaker wave (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sleeper wave, king wave, noma infragravity surge) igagasi elikhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa lasogwini eligijima phezulu kakhulu futhi lisheshe likhuphuke ogwini lolwandle, i-rock ledge, noma i-harbor jetty kunamagagasi amaningi amancane awandulele imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwangu-45. Iqhutshwa ukukhukhumala kolwandle olungasogwini kwesikhathi eside (imizuzwana engu-14 kuya kwengu-22+ phakathi kwamagagasi olwandle) okukhiqizwe iziphepho ezikude ekujuleni kolwandle, amaza amaza amaza adlulisa amandla ngokuphazanyiswa kwamagagasi okwakhayo kanye ne-infragravity wave wave ukudala ishidi elihamba ngokushesha lamanzi amhlophe akhuphukayo 50 kuya ku-10 amamitha ogwini lolwandle omile phezulu* (amamitha angu-4 kuya ku-150) kunomugqa wesihlabathi esimanzi esimisiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi igagasi liza lingenabo ubuso obuqondile obuphakeme kuze kube imizuzwana yokugcina, abasolwandle, abadobi nabathwebuli bezithombe abame eduze kosebe lwamanzi noma emashalofini amatshe asogwini basuswa ezinyaweni zabo emanzini afika eqakaleni ukuya edolweni futhi bahudulelwa endaweni ebandayo ebandayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-backwash ehlehlayo.

Okuyingozi ngokulinganayo ezindaweni ezisogwini olunamadwala i-coastal rock and jetty sweep kanye ne-incoming tide cove entrapment. Lapho abadobi, ababuka indawo, noma ababuka izivunguvungu bemi emabhentshini emvelo e-basalt, izindawo eziphakeme ze-sandstone, noma izindawo ezinqamuka amatshe (riprap kanye nama-dolosse jetties), igagasi elilodwa elidlula phezulu liletha izinkulungwane zamakhilogremu amandla e-hydrodynamic ngemitha-skwele ngayinye, eshanela izisulu emadwaleni acwebile ambozwe yi-algae avimbele amadwala amhlophe ambozwe yi-algae avimbele amadwala amhlophe ambozwe ulwelwe. buyela emuva. Ngaleso sikhathi, abahamba ngezinyawo abahlola amabhishi asemaphaketheni, emihumeni yolwandle, noma amaza odaka phakathi namagagasi aphansi ngokuvamile bathola indlela yabo yokubuya ezungeze inhloko-dolobha enamadwala ecwiliswe amagagasi akhuphukayo, babavimbe emaweni amile olwandle njengoba isiphepho se-surf singena esisekelweni esingenalutho. Ngokusho kwe-United States National Weather Service (NWS), i-United Kingdom Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA), kanye neRoyal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), amaza amateki, ukushanela kwamadwala, kanye nokunqamuka kwamaza kubala ingxenye enkulu yokuminza kwamanzi abandayo ogwini emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi okuhloswe ukuthi kungene umuntu obhukudayo.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Shintshela uqonde phakathi nezwe noma ugxumele phezulu phezulu kwedwala ngokushesha nje lapho ubona umkhathizwe omnyama ukukhukhumala noma ukudonswa kwamanzi kungazelelwe. Uma i-surf idonsela emuva le phansi emthambekeni wolwandle iveza amadwala nesihlabathi esimanzi, noma uma ubona umugqa omnyama ovundlile okhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-breaker angaphandle, isethi yamagagasi e-wave isifikile. Beka izicathulo, amakhamera, izingubo zokulala, nezinsimbi zokudoba, futhi ugijime uqonde ngasogwini uqonde emgqeni wendunduma eyomile noma endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yamadwala.
2. GXA ugodo lokukhukhuleka olusogwini ubheke ohlangothini olubheke ezweni ngokushesha uma amanzi amhlophe akhuphukayo efika kulogi. Ungalokothi uhlale, ume, noma uhambe ezingodweni zokhuni olwandle ezitholakala eduze kwesihlabathi esimanzi noma igwebu elingenayo. Kuphela 10 kuya ku-15 amasentimitha (amayintshi angu-4 ukuya kwangu-6) amanzi amhlophe akhuphukayo adingekayo ukuze kuntante umsedari ogcwele amathani angu-3 noma ilogi yomsayipuresi, uyigingqa phezu kwemilenze yakho, ukhalo, noma esifubeni njengoba igagasi lingena liphinde liwudonsele ngaphandle.
3. Yehlisa phansi bese ugoqa umzimba wakho emfantwini wedwala elijulile noma ngemva kwedwala uma igagasi selizogqekeza ngokuqondile phezu konqenqema lwedwala noma i-Jetty futhi awukwazi ukulibaleka. Ukuma uqonde ngokumelene negagasi elikhuphukayo kunikeza indawo ephezulu emanzini ehamba ngo-*30 kuya kumakhilomitha angu-50 ngehora (amamayela angu-19 kuya kwangu-31 ngehora)**. Yehlela phansi, bamba imifantu yedwala engaguquki, imifantu ye-barnacle, noma ukubopha kwensimbi ngezandla zombili, khomba ikhanda noma izinyawo zakho endaweni ehlinzayo, bese ubamba umoya wakho imizuzwana emi-5 kuye kweyi-15 ngenkathi i-wave crest idlula phezu kwakho, bese ushesha uye endaweni ephakeme ngaphambi kokuba igagasi elilandelayo lifike kumasekhondi angu-14 kuya kwangu-20 kamuva.
4. Uma ushanelelwa olwandle usuka ogwini lolwandle noma ogwini olunamadwala, lawula ukushaqeka kwamanzi abandayo imizuzwana yokuqala engu-60, ukhiphe amabhuzu asindayo uma ekuhudulela phansi, futhi ubhukude UKUDE emadwaleni amagebhugebhu. I-reflex yokuhefuzela kanye nokuphefumula kahle kwe ukushaqeka kwamanzi abandayo emanzini angaphansi kuka-15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit uma ubuso bakho bungashona phansi) Jikela emhlane wakho, uphakamise ubuso bakho phezulu ngaphandle kwesifutho, ugone noma yiliphi igiya elinamandla, bese ulawula ukuphefumula kwakho imizuzwana engama-60. Uma kushanelwa eshalofini ledwala noma i-Jetty, ungazami ukukhuphuka uqonde uhlehle phezu kobuso bedwala elishaywa amagagasi lapho amagagasi aphukayo eshaya khona ama-barnacle namadwala; esikhundleni salokho, gwedla amamitha angu-30 ukuya kwangu-50 (amafidi angu-100 ukuya kwangu-165) ukuya olwandle ngale kwendawo yokuphuka futhi ubhukude uhambisane nogu ubheke ogwini olunesihlabathi, indawo yomzila wezikebhe, noma indawo epholile.
5. Uma unqanyulwa amagagasi angenayo endaweni egudle ugu noma eweni lolwandle, YEKA ukuzama ukugwaza noma ukubhukuda uzungeze inhloko-dolobha engaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuhamba ushone okhalweni uzungeze indawo enamatshe ekukhuphukeni kwamagagasi kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokushanela okubulalayo. Shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom nase-Ireland, 000 e-Australia, 111 eNew Zealand, noma ubone izinombolo eziphuthumayo) bese ucela I-Coast Guard ngaphambi kokuthi isignali yakho yeselula ingasebenzi noma amanzi afike kuwe. Gxumela ebhentshini ledwala elizinzile ngaphezu kwamanzi amnyama ukhula lwasolwandle nomugqa we-barnacle, futhi ungalinge uzame ukukhuphuka ngokukhululekile ubumba oludilikayo, i-shale, noma amawa olwandle e-sandstone.
6. Uma ungumuntu obukele oshumayela othile eshanele endaweni yokuntweza, shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo kuqala, jikijela i-flotation, futhi unikeze indawo eqondile. Ungalokothi ungene e-shorebreak esindayo noma e-rock-ledge whitewater ngaphandle kwebhodi lokutakula namaphiko. Phonsa indandatho yokuphila, into epholile, isondo eliyisipele, ubhaka ovuthuzayo, noma ijeke lepulasitiki elinekepisi elingenalutho eliboshelwe emugqeni, bese uqoka obukele ukuze ame endaweni ephakeme ekhomba ngokuqhubekayo ekhanda lesisulu kuze kufike indiza enophephela emhlane noma isikebhe sokusindisa abantu.

Igagasi le-sneaker, i-rock sweep, nesihlahla sesinqumo sokungena emanzini¶

Sebenzisa leli shadi lokugeleza lesinqumo senkambu ukuze ukhethe impendulo efanele yokusinda phakathi nemizuzwana lapho ubanjwa ulwandle olungalindelekile noma igagasi elikhuphukayo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Coastal Shoreline, Jetty, Rock Shelf, noma Tidal Cove Hazard"] --> Scenario{"Isiphi isimo esiphuthumayo<br/>esenzekayo njengamanje?"}

    Scenario -->|"1. I-Sneaker Wave Ekhuphuka Ebhishi<br/>noma Ukukuwisela Phansi ku-Surf"| BeachSurge{"Ingabe usesemhlabeni<br/>noma usuwile?"}

    BeachSurge -->|"Ebhishi / Eduze kwaseDriftwood"| RunInland["1. Lahla wonke amagiya, amakhamera, nezicathulo ngokushesha<br/>2. UNGALOKOTHI ume ngemuva noma phezu kwezingodo ze-beach drift<br/>3. Shintshela umqansi uqonde ezindundumeni ezomile / umzila osogwini<br/>4. Uma uxosha inja ngokuntweza emanzini: YIMA futhi uhlale endaweni eyomile"]

    BeachSurge -->|"Ashayeke Phansi ku-Backwash"| BackwashSurvival["1. Yimba izithende nezandla esihlabathini KUPHELA ngesikhathi sokuqala sesilayidi esinensayo<br/>2. Uma usuhudulelwe ekujuleni kogu lolwandle: YEKA ukulwa nokwamanje<br/>3. Jikela emuva, gcina indlela yomoya ihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokushaqeka okubandayo kwamasekhondi angu-60<br/>4. Nntanta ngaphandle kwama-breaker adlule, bese ubhukuda ngokuhambisana nosebe"]

    Scenario -->|"2. Igagasi Selizokweqa<br/>I-Rock Ledge noma i-Stone Jetty"| JettyChoice{"Ingabe usuvele ushanelelwe emanzini?"}

    JettyChoice -->|"Ngisese-Rock / Jetty<br/>(Umthelela kusekhondi elingu-1 ukuya kwangu-3)"| BraceOnRock["1. UNGAZAMI ukweqa igagasi eduze kwendiza encane emanzi<br/>2. Beka phansi ngemva kwetshe noma ngaphakathi kwedwala eliqhekekile<br/>3. Bamba imifantu yedwala ejulile noma izindandatho zensimbi ezingashintshi ngazo zombili izandla<br/>4. Ngemuva kokudlula kwamagagasi, gibela ngokushesha endaweni ephakeme"]

    JettyChoice -->|"Ishanele I-Rock / Jetty<br/>Yangena Emanzini Amhlophe Abilayo"| SweptOffRock["1. UNGAZAMI ukukhuphuka ukhuphukele phezulu ku-rock face eshaywa ngamagagasi<br/>2. Bhukuda noma ukhahlele u-30 kuya ku-50 m (100 kuya ku-165 ft) SEAWARD emanzini ajulile aluhlaza<br/>3. Lawula ukushaqeka kwamanzi abandayo (ntanta ngemuva imizuzwana engu-60)<br/>4. Ukubhukuda ngokuhambisana nogu uye ogwini olunesihlabathi noma itheku lezikebhe elipholile"]

    Scenario -->|"3. Ubanjwe Yi-Tide Engenayo<br/>e-Pocket Cove noma Umgede Wasolwandle"| TideTrap["1. UNGAGCWALI noma ubhukude endaweni enamatshe engaphansi kwamanzi<br/>2. Shayela ku-911 / 999 / 112 / 000 MANJE ucele u-COAST GUARD<br/>3. Khwela ngaphezu komugqa omanzi omanzi aphezulu, izimila zasolwandle, nama-barnacles<br/>4. UNGALOKOTHI ugibele ukungcola okuvuthulukayo/ amawa esihlabathi (hlala onqenqemeni oluqinile)"]

Ukuqhathanisa izingozi ezi-5 eziyingozi kakhulu ze-rocky-shore kanye ne-surf-runup¶

Ukuqonda izinqubo ezibonakalayo ezingemuva kwamagagasi amateki, ukushanela kwamadwala, ukuphuka kogu, nokunqamuka kwamagagasi kusiza izivakashi zasogwini zibone izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ngaphambi kokunyathela esihlabathini noma ematsheni.

I-physics yamaza ama-sneaker: Kungani imizuzu engama-20 yamagagasi amancane iyinkohliso ebulalayo¶

Ngokungafani ne-tsunami yokuzamazama komhlaba (bona ama-tsunami), okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwephutha lokuzamazama komhlaba, i-sneaker wave isenzakalo samagagasi olwandle esenzeka kaningi ekwindla, ubusika, nentwasahlobo ogwini olubheke entshonalanga oluchayeke olwandle olukhulu, njenge-US Pacific Northwest and Northern California (Oregon, Washington, Redwood Coast)**, IslandIsihlabathi saseBritish Columbira* I-Columbira* eNtshonalanga* Columbira I-Europe (Ireland, Cornwall, Scotland, Portugal, Spain, France)**, Chile, South Africa, Australia, kanye neNew Zealand.

1. I-Swell Period vs. Wave Height: Kungani i-Wave engu-1.5-Meter kumasekhondi angu-18 Ibulala Kakhulu Kune-3-Meter Wave kumasekhondi angu-8¶

Abantu abaningi abahamba ebhishi babheka kuphela ubude begagasi lapho behlola isibikezelo sasolwandle noma bebuka ulwandle. Kodwa-ke, izazi zasolwandle zikala isamba sokuguquguquka kwamandla wamagagasi njengomsebenzi wakho kokubili ubude begagasi obuyisikwele kanye nesikhathi samagagasi (isikhathi ngemizuzwana phakathi kwamagagasi):

• Isikhathi Esifushane Sokunqamula Umoya (amasekhondi angu-6 kuya kwangu-9): Idalwe imimoya yasendaweni eduze nogu. Ngisho noma engamamitha angu-2.5 (amafidi angu-8) ukuphakama, la magagasi angumqansa futhi aqhelelene eduze, aqhekeze kude nogu ezingodini zesihlabathi ezingaphandle futhi aphushe amanzi amancane akhuphuke ogwini olomile.
• Isibikezelo Sesikhathi Eside Sikhukhumala (amasekhondi angu-14 kuya kwangu-22): Idalwe iziphepho ezinamandla amakhilomitha angu-1,500 kuya kwangu-4,000 (amamayela angu-900 kuya kwangu-2,500) olwandle. Ngenxa yokuthi amaza amaza amade akhukhumala ahamba ngokushesha anqamule ulwandle (ukuhlakazeka kwamagagasi), amagagasi ahlukana phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-16 kuya kwangu-22 adlula isiphepho futhi afike ogwini olunelanga olungenamoya ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu sishintshe. Emanzini ajulile, amamitha angu-1.5 (amafidi angu-5) akhukhumala ngesikhathi samasekhondi angu-20 anobude begagasi obungu-624 wamamitha (2,047 amafidi) futhi ithwala okuphindwe kathathu umfutho oya phambili kanye nevolumu yamanzi yamagagasi omoya angu-8 wamasekhondi.

2. Amaqembu Amagagasi, Ukuphazamisa Okwakhayo, kanye Nokweqiwa kwe-infragravity "Bound Wave"¶

Kungani ulwandle lulinda amaminithi angu-20 kuya kwangu-40 ngaphambi kokuthumela umdondoshiya owodwa wokuhlinza amateki? 1. I-Wave Grouping (Amasethi Nokuhlehla): Uma izitimela ezimbili ezikhukhumalayo ezinezikhathi ezihluke kancane (isibonelo, imizuzwana engu-16 nemizuzwana engu-17.5) zihamba ndawonye, ngezikhathi ezithile ziyawa ngaphandle kwesigaba (zikhiqiza imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengama-30 yamaza ayisicaba, athambile) bese zikhiya ngesigaba (**engeza ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo ku-5-to-wave) setha. 2. I-Infragravity Wave Runup (I-Elevator Engabonakali): Ngaphansi kweqembu ngalinye lamagagasi amakhulu asethiwe esikhathi eside ahamba ubude begagasi elide infragravity wave (nenkathi engamasekhondi angu-60 kuya kwangu-300). Lapho iqembu lamagagasi liphuka esihlabathini sangaphandle, leli gagasi le-infragravity eliboshiwe liphuma liye ogwini njenge-imizuzu emi-5 ephezulu yamagagasi, likhuphula izinga lamanzi lendawo ye-surf ngamamitha angu-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 (1.5 kuya ku-5 amafidi) imizuzwana engu-60. 3. I-Double-Wave Piggyback Effect: Uma igagasi lokuqala lesethi ligeza usebe lolwandle, amanzi alo awakwazi ukuphindela aphume ngaphambi kokuthi amagagasi esibili nawesithathu afike phezu kokuphakama kwe-infragravity ephakeme. Ukugibela emanzini egagasi langaphambilini esikhundleni sesihlabathi esomile, amarokhethi amagagasi esithathu noma esine 50 kuya ku-150 amamitha (amafidi angu-165 ukuya kwangu-490) ukhuphuka ngosebe lolwandle, eshanela edlula umugqa wesihlabathi esimanzi futhi entanta zonke izingodo zokukhukhuleka endleleni yawo.

3. Kungani I-Sneaker Wave Backwash Ingqongqoza Abantu Abadala Emanzini Ajulile Amadolo¶

Amanzi olwandle ahambayo aminyene (1,025 kilograms per cubic meter, noma 64 pounds per cubic foot, kanye namaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 isisindo esengeziwe esihlabathini esimisiwe namatshe). Iwashi lezinyawo lamateki elidonsa phansi ogwini oluthambekile lishesha ukuya ku-3 kuya ku-6 amamitha ngomzuzwana (amafidi angu-10 kuye kwangu-20 ngomzuzwana, noma 7 kuya ku-14 mph)* kuyilapho likhuhla isihlabathi ngaphansi kwamabhuzu akho (i-liquefaction scour). Lapho amadolo akho ebobotheka futhi ijazi lakho lasebusika, amajini, namabhuzu agcwala amanzi nesihlabathi (engeza 15 kuya ku-25 kilograms [33 kuya ku-55 pounds]), awukwazi ukuhlehla ngaphambi kokuthi i-backwash ikudonsele ogwini lolwandle futhi ikuphumele endaweni. rip current.

Ukusinda kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo uma ubanjwe igagasi lamateki ogwini lolwandle¶

1. Ngenkathi igagasi lingena ngaphakathi, gijima uqonde endaweni ephakeme: Lapho ubona igwebu ligijima lidlula umugqa wesihlabathi esimanzi noma uzwe ukubhonga, ukulahla ojosaka, ama-tripods, izinti zokudoba, namabhakede, bese ugijima ubheke ezindundumeni, udonga lolwandle, noma umzila we-bluff. Sula zonke izingodo ze-driftwood ohlangothini olubheke ezweni; ungalokothi ucashe ngemuva kogodo, njengoba izokuphakamisa futhi ikuchoboze ebhange.
2. Phakathi nesilayidi sokuqala esingashoni esihlabathini esimanzi, yimba phansi futhi ububanzi: Uma amanzi asuka eqakaleni ukuya kushin ekudonsa ahlehle emthambekeni wolwandle, welule izingalo nemilenze yakho, shayela iminwe yakho, izindololwane, amadolo, nezithende zebhuthi esihlabathini, bese ushaya uzipho ukhuphukele phezulu phakathi kwamagagasi.
3. Uma udonswa wadlula esinyathelweni se-shorebreak ungene emanzini ajulile, YEKA ukulwa ne-backwash: Ukubhukuda uqonde ngqo kumkhombe we-sneaker-wave owehlayo kuqeda amandla akho ngamasekhondi angu-20 futhi kubangela ukuhogela kwamanzi lapho igagasi elilandelayo ligqashuka.
4. Sebenzisa Iphrothokholi Yokuthuthumela Amanzi Abandayo Yemizuzwana engama-60 ("Float to Live"): Emanzini angaphansi kuka-15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit), ukucwiliswa kubangela i-gasp reflex ne-hyperventilation ezenzekelayo. Tshekisa ikhanda lakho emuva ukuze umlomo wakho nekhala kuhlale kungenalutho, welule izingalo nemilenze yakho, bese ubuyela esimweni sokuntanta inkanyezi imizuzwana engu-60 kuze kube yilapho ukuphefumula kwakho kuhamba kancane. Gcina ibhantshi lakho lasebusika livuliwe (umoya ovaleleke emahlombe untanta isifuba sakho), bese ukhahlela ama-wader noma amabhuzu asindayo kuphela uma edonsa izinyawo zakho zibheke phezulu.
5. Balekela ubheke eceleni njenge-rip current: Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kuncipha, ntanta noma ubhukude ngokuhambisana nosebe lolwandle uphume esiteshini sokugeza ungemuva esikhipha amanzi, bese ugibela amagagasi amhlophe amhlophe uwabuyisele emuva esihlabathini esitsheka kancane.

Ukusinda kwe-Coastal rock kanye ne-harbor jetty sweep¶

Ukudoba ama-rock (okubizwa ngokuthi i-ledge fishing eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, noma ukudoba i-rock e-Australia naseNew Zealand) kungomunye wemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa eyingozi kakhulu ngehora emhlabeni. Ngokungafani nolwandle olunesihlabathi lapho izingqimba zesihlabathi zasogwini ziphoqa amagagasi amakhulu ukuthi aphule amamitha angu-100 ngasogwini, izinkundla zamadwala asogwini namajethi echweba lamatshe ehlela ngqo ku-5 kuya ku-20 wamamitha (16 kuya ku-65 amafidi) emanzini ajulile khona lapho onqenqemeni lwedwala.

Kungani ama-Rock Platform nama-Jetties Ebulala Ngokukhohlisayo¶

• I-Zero Offshore Wave Breaking & Low-Friction Algae: Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi angaphambi kwedwala noma i-jetty ajulile, ukukhukhumala kwesikhathi eside kuthinta ubuso bedwala kunganqamuki ngamandla agcwele olwandle oluvulekile. Amatshe e-Intertidal ambozwe ngolwelwe lwasolwandle (ulethisi wasolwandle kanye ne-cyanobacteria) ayashelela kuneqhwa elimanzi, okwenza amateku ajwayelekile noma izicathulo zedekhi zishelele ngokushesha.
• I-"Whitewater Soup" ene-Aerated "Whitewater Soup" & Riprap Cavities: Ukusefa okushisayo endaweni esemaweni kuqukethe amabhamuza omoya angu-30 kuya kwangu-50 ngevolumu, anciphisa ukuminyana kwamanzi ukuze izisulu ezingenawo ama-lifejackets zicwile naphezu kokunyathela amanzi. Kumajethi enziwe umuntu akhiwe ngokhonkolo ongenelayo i-dolosse noma amatshe egwadle (riprap), amagagasi adlula phezulu adonsela phansi adlule ezindaweni ezijulile phakathi kwamadwala, avale izitho ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukusinda Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Uma Ubanjwe Eshalofini Ledwala noma I-Jetty¶

1. Uma igagasi selizogqekeza phezu kwedwala noma i-jetty (isekhondi elingu-1 ukuya kwangu-4 ngaphambi kokuthinta): Uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni eyomile ephezulu ngamagxathu amabili, UNGAPHENDUKI futhi ugijime ngemuva kwakho ubheke kumagagasi, azokwethula emadwaleni amagebhugebhu ngamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 ngomzuzwana (22 kuya ku-33 mph). Yehlela phansi NGOKUSHESHA ngemuva kwesitebhisi esiqinile setshe, idwala, noma unqenqema lukakhonkolo, wejikela emfantwini wedwala, bamba umfantu ojulile noma indandatho yokubopha insimbi ngezandla zombili, beka ikhanda lakho libheke phansi, futhi uvumele amanzi adlule emhlane wakho ngaphambi kokukhahlela endaweni ephakeme.
2. Uma kushanelwe kuplathifomu ye-rock noma i-jetty olwandle: Jikela ibhola elinezingalo ezivikela ikhanda lakho imizuzwana emi-3 yokuqala yesiyaluyalu. UNGALOKOTHI uzame ukubhukuda ubuyele endaweni efanayo ye-rock face noma i-Jetty ukuze ukhuphuke uphume, lapho igagasi elilandelayo elifika ngemva kwamasekhondi angu-14 lizophihliza ugebhezi lwakho nomgogodla etsheni elimbozwe yi-barnacle. Kunalokho, bhukuda amamitha angu-30 ukuya kwangu-50 (amafidi angu-100 ukuya kwangu-165) I-SEAWARD emanzini aluhlaza ajulile, anganqamukile ngaphandle kwendawo ephukayo. Uma usumanzini ajulile lapho ukukhukhumala kudlula khona ngaphansi kwakho ngaphandle kokuphuka, ntanta ngomhlane wakho, ubonise ofakazi eweni, futhi ubhukude uhambisane nogu ubheke ogwini olunesihlabathi noma umzila wesikebhe ozolile, noma ulinde isikebhe sokuhlenga noma indiza enophephela emhlane.

Amawa angenayo amagagasi, i-cove, kanye nokusinda ekungeneni kwe-mudflat¶

Izinkulungwane zokuhlenga zenziwa minyaka yonke yi-UK RNLI, i-US Coast Guard, kanye ne-French SNSM ogwini olunamagagasi lapho abaqwali bezintaba behlola ama-pocket coves, imigede yolwandle, iziqhingi zamagagasi asogwini, noma ama-mudflats ngesikhathi samagagasi aphansi futhi anqanyulwe njengoba igagasi likhuphuka.

1. Kungani Igagasi Likhuphuka Ngokushesha Kunalokho Okulindele: "Umthetho Weshumi Nambili"¶

Amagagasi asogwini alandela ijika le-sinusoidal elilinganiselwa kubasolwandle' Umthetho Weshumi Nambili kunokuba akhuphuke ngezinga elifanayo ngaphezu kwamahora angu-6: - Amahora 1 no-2 ngemva kokuguquguquka okuphansi: Amanzi akhuphuka nge-ingxenye yeshumi nambili Ehorani 1 kanye nezingxenye ezimbili neshumi nambili Ngehora lesi-2. - Amahora 3 no-4 (Ukusheshisa Kwe-Mid-Tide): Amanzi akhuphuka ngo-ntathu-neshumi nambili Ehora lesi-3 kanye nezintathu-eziyishumi nambili Ehora lesi-4 (amaphesenti angu-50 engqikithi yokukhuphuka kwamagagasi okuma mpo kwenzeka phakathi namahora amabili, ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kunehora loku-1). - Amahora 5 kanye nelesi-6: Amanzi akhuphuka ngo-2-neshumi nambili ngehora lesi-5 kanye nengxenye eyodwa-kweshumi nambili ngehora lesi-6 ukuze afinyelele igagasi eliphezulu.

Ngesikhathi Amagagasi Entwasahlobo (inyanga entsha nenyanga egcwele, bheka amagagasi enkosi kanye nokukhuphuka kwesiphepho) kuhlanganiswe nokucindezela okuphansi kwe-barometric kanye nemimoya yesiphepho sasogwini, i-tide ikhuphuka ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele ** ku-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 amamitha (1.5 kuya ku-5 amafidi) ukuphakama ** kunamatafula ama-tide abikezela. Ezindaweni ezinodaka oluyisicaba noma osebeni lwesihlabathi (njenge-Morecambe Bay e-UK, i-Mont-Saint-Michel e-France, i-Wadden Sea, noma i-Cook Inlet e-Alaska), igagasi elikhuphukayo ligijima likhuphuka imigudu yokudonsa amanzi ejulile (imisele) ngemva kwakho** ngamakhilomitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-15 ngehora (5 kuya ku-9 mph ezungeza isihlabathi kubha)**

2. Ukufunda i-Natural High-Tide Line e-Sea Cliff¶

Ngaphambi kokuhamba uzungeze noma iyiphi i-headland noma indawo yokukhosela endaweni evulekile, hlola udonga lwewa ukuze ubone ukuthi amanzi afinyelela phezulu kangakanani emanzini aphezulu: - I-Dark Wet Band, I-Wrack Line, ne-Barnacles: Uma i-kelp entsha eboshiwe kanye ne-driftwood kuboshwe ngokuqondile odongeni lwewa oluqondile ngaphandle kwesihlabathi esomile ngemuva kwakho, noma uma ama-barnacle, izimbaza, nolwelwe olumanzi oluluhlaza lufinyelela ukuphakama kwesifuba ezindaweni ezinamadwala, lonke ulwandle lucwila emanzini aphezulu. Ngaphakathi kwemigede yolwandle, izindonga ezibushelelezi ezibushelelezi zisho ukuphuka kwamagagasi agcwala futhi acindezele umhume lapho amagagasi amakhulu.

3. Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Iphrothokholi Uma Inqanyulwa Yi-Rising Tide¶

1. YIMA futhi UNGAHAMBI noma ubhukude uzungeze inhloko-dolobha engaphansi kwamanzi: Ngisho namanzi afika emadolweni agibelela endaweni enamadwala athwala imisinga yokugeleza esemaceleni kanye namathonsi ashanela ama-waders emadwaleni.
2. Shayela ku-911 / 999 / 112 / 000 NGOKUSHESHA ngenkathi kusasemini: Cela I-Coast Guard, unikeze i-smartphone yakho izixhumanisi ze-GPS, futhi uvale ifoni yakho esikhwameni esingangeni manzi.
3. Khwela eshalofini eliqinile ledwala eliqinile noma ibhentshi eliyitshe elingemuva kwe-cove ngaphezu kwe-barnacle kanye nomugqa omusha wokugoqa wezimila zasolwandle.
4. UNGALOKOTHI ugibele idwala elingasogwini ngokukhululeka: Amawa olwandle aneqhwa, i-shale, ubumba, ushoki, noma i-sandstone ayabhidlika bese ewisa abaqwali emadwaleni emizuzwini embalwa ngaphambi kokuba isikebhe sokusindisa sifike. Hlala ebhentshini ledwala eliphakeme kunawo wonke kusisekelo sewa bese ulinda isikebhe noma indiza enophephela emhlane yokukhuphuka.
5. Uma ubhajwe odaka noma esihlabathini esimanzi: Ungalokothi uzabalaze umile. Lala uphansi ngomhlane noma ngesisu ukuze usabalalise isisindo sakho, nyakazisa unyawo olulodwa mahhala ngesikhathi (ushiya amabhuzu ngemuva uma kudingeka), bese ukhasa ngesisu ubheke ezintini zesihlabathi ezigobhozeke kakhudlwana.

Uhlu lokuhlola ukuphepha kogu lwangaphambi kohambo¶

• Hlola Isikhathi Sokukhukhumala, hhayi nje Ukuphakama Kwegagasi: Uma isikhathi sokuvuvukala kwasolwandle singamasekhondi angu-14 noma ngaphezulu*, phatha ulwandle njengendawo esebenzayo I-Sneaker Wave Hazard Zone futhi uhlole Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke Izitatimende Zezingozi Zasolwandle.
• Hlola i-Tide Table yasendaweni ngaphambi kokushiya indawo yokupaka: Hlola kuphela ama-cove, ama-tidepools, noma imigede yolwandle ku-igagasi eliwayo, bese usetha i-alamu yocingo ihora elingu-1 ngaphambi kwe-Low Tide ukuze uhambe uzungeza izindawo eziphakeme.
• Bheka usendaweni ephakeme imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngaphambi kokunyathela phezu kwamadwala: Ungalokothi uhambe phezu kwedwala elimanzi noma elimnyama elimbozwe ulwelwe, futhi ugqoke ijakhethi lokuphila (PFD) kanye nezicathulo ezinezipikili/ezigxiliwe lapho udoba amatshe.
• Londoloza Isithako Sesihlabathi Esomile: Hlala ukhuphukela kuzo zonke izingodo zokukhukhuleka, gcina izinja zibambelele entanjeni, futhi ungalokothi ufulathele ulwandle.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-sneaker wave, igagasi elinamandla, kanye ne-king tide?¶

I-sneaker wave iwukugijima kolwandle okubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwesiphepho sesikhathi eside solwandle (imizuzwana engu-14 ukuya ku-22+ ngokuhlukana) okuhlanganisa ukusunduza amanzi ngamamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-150 (amafidi angu-165 kuya kwangu-490) phezulu phezulu esihlabathini kunemizuzu engu-20 kuya kwengu-40 eyandulele yamagagasi amancane. Igagasi elinamandla igagasi lolwandle elivulekile elingaphezu kobude obuphindwe kabili kolwandle oluzungezile elihlasela imikhumbi kude nogu. I-king tide iyigagasi eliphakeme lezinkanyezi lapho ilanga, inyanga, noMhlaba ziqondana, zikhuphula amazinga olwandle ayisisekelo amahora amaningi; amaza amateki avela phakathi ne-king tide ayingozi kakhulu ngoba ukuntweza emanzini kuqala eduze kwamawa nezindawo zokupaka.

Kungani kwenzeka amaza amateki lapho isimo sezulu sasendaweni ogwini libalele, sizolile, futhi kungenamoya?¶

Amagagasi amancane akhiqizwa iziphepho ezinamandla eziqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-1,500 kuya kwezingu-4,000 (amamayela angu-900 kuya kwangu-2,500) ekujuleni kolwandle kunokuba isimo sezulu sasendaweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle lukhukhumala isikhathi eside (okunemizuzwana engu-15 kuya kwengu-22 phakathi kwezintaba) lunqamula ulwandle oluvulekile ngamakhilomitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-80 ngehora (amamayela angu-30 kuya kwangu-50 ngehora) ngokuncipha kwamandla amancane, ludlula isivunguvungu futhi lufike ogwini ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esicacile nomoya ohelezayo. Isimo sezulu esinelanga siheha izivakashi eduze namanzi kanye nasezingodweni ze-drift noma ama-rock ledge, okwenza izinsuku ezicacile zangemuva kwesiphepho zibe izinsuku eziyingozi kakhulu zokubulawa kwabantu ngamaza amateki.

Kungani kufanele ubhukude uye olwandle esikhundleni sokugibela ubuyele emadwaleni uma ushanelwe usuka eshalofini lamadwala asogwini noma i-Jetty?¶

Uma kushanelwa endaweni yedwala noma i-breakwater yamatshe, indawo engamamitha ayi-10 ukuya kwangama-20 ngokumelene ne-rock face iyindawo enomthelela lapho amagagasi egqekeza khona etsheni elimbozwe yi-barnacle futhi amanzi amhlophe anomoya anciphisa ukuvuza ngamaphesenti angama-40. Ukuzama ukubhukuda ubuye futhi ukhuphule idwala elimanzi elime mpo kusho ukuthi igagasi elilandelayo elifika ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-14 lizophihliza ikhanda lakho nomgogodla onqenqemeni. Ukubhukuda amamitha angu-30 kuye kwangama-50 (amafidi angu-100 kuya kwangu-165) kukubeka ngemva kwendawo ephukayo emanzini ajulile, aminyene aluhlaza lapho izikhukhula zidlula ngaphansi kwakho ngaphandle kokuphuka, okukuvumela ukuba untante emhlane wakho futhi ubhukude uhambisane nosebe ubheke ogwini olunesihlabathi noma ulinde isikebhe sokuhlenga.

Ngingabona kanjani uma i-cove noma ibhishi elingaphansi kwewa linqamuka uma ngingenalo i-tide table?¶

Hlola isisekelo sodonga lwewa kanye namatshe e-headland kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-cove ngaphambi kokuhamba phansi ogwini. Uma ukhula lwasolwandle olusha, i-kelp, noma i-driftwood emanzi icindezelwa ngqo phansi kwewa ngaphandle kwesihlabathi esomile ngemuva kwalo, noma uma ubuso bedwala bubonisa ibhande elimanzi elimnyama, ama-barnacles, ama-mussels, noma ulwelwe oluluhlaza olushelelayo olufika okhalweni noma ukuphakama kwesifuba ezindaweni ezinamatshe, ulwandle lucwilisa lelo zwe lolwandle futhi lidlulele ogwini. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ishadi lendawo futhi ujike kahle ngaphambi kokuba igagasi elingenayo lifinyelele amaphuzu angaphandle e-cove.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke (NWS / NOAA, United States): Imibandela Yesitatimende Sezingozi Zasolwandle, I-Sneaker Wave Physics, Nemihlahlandlela Yokuphepha Yasogwini.
• I-United Kingdom Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) kanye neRoyal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI): Hlonipha Umkhankaso Wamanzi, Iphrothokholi "Yokuntanta Uphile", kanye Nesiqondiso Sokuhlenga Se-Tidal Cutoff.
• I-Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) kanye Nohulumeni WaseNew South Wales: Umbiko Kazwelonke Wokuphepha Kwasogwini kanye Nomthetho Wokuphepha Kokudoba Ama-Rock I-Lifejacket Mandates.
• I-United States Geological Survey (USGS) kanye ne-Oregon State University: Infragravity Wave Runup Mechanics kanye Nokuphazamiseka Kweqembu Lokwakha Amagagasi.
• I-Icelandic Association for Search and Rescue (ICE-SAR / Landsbjörg): Reynisfjara Sneaker Wave Hazard Zoning and North Atlantic Swell Protocols.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• I-Rip currents, i-shorebreak, nezimo eziphuthumayo zamanzi olwandle
• Amagagasi enkosi, ukuqubuka kwesiphepho, nokugcwala kwamanzi ogwini
• Ama-tsunami: izimpawu zezexwayiso zemvelo kanye nokuphuma endaweni ephakeme
• Ukuncibilika kwe-Permafrost, ukuguguleka kogu, nokuwa kolwandle
• Ukuhlenga ukuminza kanye nosizo lokuqala lwamanzi
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hypothermia kanye ne-frostbite