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I-Slot Canyon Keeper Potholes, Izintambo Ezigxilile ze-Rappel, kanye Nokuphunyuka Kwezikhukhula

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Ukwehla ku-slot canyon emincane yobuchwepheshe e-Colorado Plateau (i-Zion, Escalante, Robbers Roost, Moab, San Rafael Swell, noma Capitol Reef), i-Sierra de Guara e-Spain, i-Blue Mountains yase-Australia, noma i-Alpes-Maritimes e-France akuthetheleli ngendlela ehlukile ngoba awukwazi ukuphindela emuva. Ngesikhathi lapho i-canyoneer yokugcina eqenjini lakho idonsa intambo yokubuyiswa phansi kusukela ekwehleni kwe-rappel yokuqala eqondile, ithimba lakho lizibophezele ngokomzimba ukuqedela zonke izithiyo ezingaphansi komfula emseleni. Ngokusho kwe-United States National Park Service (NPS Ukucinga Nokuhlenga), i-American Canyoneering Association (ACA), kanye ne-International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR), ukufa kwabantu kwe-slot canyon kanye nokubanjwa kwezinsuku eziningi kuzungeze izimo eziphuthumayo ezine: (1) Imigodi Yezigebengu (imigodi ye-sandstone ebushelelezi, emise okwensimbi egcwele umnkantsha kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-10 degrees Celsius / 39 kuya ku-50 degrees Fahrenheit amanzi emvula amile kanye nezindonga ezimile ezilenga ku-4 kuya ku-3 kuya ku-7 akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukubhukuda noma ukukhuphuka ngaphandle kwegiya elikhethekile lokuphunyuka), (2) Izintambo Ze-Rappel Ezibambekile Ekubuyisweni (okushiya iqembu liboshelwe phansi kwethonsi nentambo enguziro kuma-rappel asele), (3) I-Stemming / High-Stepping Wedging Falls ungene ezindaweni eziwumngcingo ze-V lapho ukucindezelwa kwesifuba ku-Flash* kuvimbela ukuphefumula* okujabulisayo(4) izinkulungwane zama-cubic mitha zodaka futhi zingena emhubheni wedwala elingamamitha angu-1 ububanzi.

Uma ngabe iqembu lakho le-canyoneering njengamanje livaleleke ngaphakathi kwegodi likanozinti, liboshwe ngentambo enamathele ngaphansi kwethonsi, liboshwe endaweni ewumngcingo yetshe lesanti, noma libhekene nezikhukhula ezikhuphukayo, qalisa i-SOS kusixhumi sakho sesathelayithi (Garmin inReach, ACR ResQLink PLB, Zoleo, noma Apple Emergency SOS via Satellite)* ngokubeka uthi lwezulu ngokuqondile ngaphansi komugqa omncane wesibhakabhaka esivulekile (canyon slot zenith), shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 kwi-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom), noma thintana nemibhalo yethu yamazwe ngamazwe izinombolo eziphuthumayo. Landela amaphrothokholi asheshayo okuphepha kanye nokusinda ngezansi.

Yenza lokhu manje

  1. UNGALOKOTHI uvumele umuntu wokugcina ukuba awele emgodini we-sandstone ojulile ongaqinisekisiwe kuze kube yilapho umuntu wokuqala esegibele udebe olude NOMA aqinisekise ukuthi angakwazi ukuthinta phansi futhi aphume: "Ku-Keeper Pothole" (lapho izinga lamanzi lihlala khona amamitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-4 / 5 kuya ku-13 wamafithi ngaphansi kodebe lwe-sandstone olupholishiwe, olulengele ngaphezulu futhi amanzi ejule kakhulu ukuze adonse i-pool yakho yonke indawo yokubhukuda). intambo ibheke phansi, nizominza nonke ngenxa yokukhathala kanye ne-hypothermia ndawonye. Gcina intambo ye-rappel ibambelele phezulu, gcina okungenani umuntu oyedwa oqinile ogxilile onqenqemeni olungaphezulu, bese uthumela umbhukudi wokuqala phansi entanjeni eyodwa ephuzile noma engashintshi ukuze akhuphukele entanjeni noma adonswe abuyele phezulu uma engakwazi ukudlula udebe olungezansi lomfula.
  2. Uma usuvaleleke ngaphakathi kwe-Keeper Pothole engenayo intambo emiswe ngenhla, YEKA ukuqhubukusha odongeni lwetshe lehlabathi elipholile futhi wakhe i-Pack Toss / Potshot Counterweight noma indawo yokubeka ehlombe ecwiliswe abantu abaningi ngokushesha: I-Wet Navajo ne-Wingate sandstone inokungqubuzana okusondele ku-zero lapho imbozwe ngolwelwe noma amadigri angu-5 obumba odongeni oluyizigodi ezi-4 ukukhubaza ukwehluleka kwemisipha yamanzi abandayo (swim failure) phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Faka wonke umuntu onqenqemeni olungajulile olungaphansi kwamanzi noma isihlenga sephakethe esintantayo ngokushesha ukuze wonge ukushisa komzimba, futhi usebenzise i-Weighted Pack Toss, i-Potshot Bag Throw, noma amasu Iphiramidi Yomuntu Ecwilisiwe Esigabeni 1 esingezansi.
  3. Ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu wokugcina agcizelele ukwehla KWANOMA YIKUPHI, lungiselela Ihange Lesimo Esikhishwayo (Munter Mule Overhand / MMO noma Totem / FiddleStick) bese uhlola-donsa umucu wokubuyisa NGAPHAMBI Kokwenza: Ungalokothi uxhume intambo ngokuqondile iringi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo enefindo noma ibhulokhi likabhina ongazange uyihlolele ukungqubuzana kwentambo ezungeze izimpondo ze-sandstone namaphoyinti okuncisha okuqhekeka. Uma umuntu wokugcina esehange, yenza ithimba elingezansi lidonse imitha elingu-1 (amafidi angu-3) womugqa wokubuyisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uslayida ngokukhululekile ngaphambi kokuba umuntu wokugcina adlule onqenqemeni.
  4. Uma intambo yakho ye-rappel ibambeka ngesikhathi ikhishwa phansi, UNGALOKOTHI ubophe izintambo ezimbili ndawonye bese ukhuphuka ngaphandle uma uqiniseka ngamaphesenti angu-100 ukuthi kungani iminyene:
  5. Okokuqala, zama ukushintsha i-engeli yakho yokudonsa (hamba uze ufike phansi-emhosheni kude nobuso bewa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uphakamise intambo uyikhiphe endaweni ephuma emlonyeni), ukushaya/uphenyisa igagasi uphakamise umucu wokudonsa, noma ukushintshanisa amasentimitha angu-30 (amayintshi angu-12) okunyakaza emuva naphambili phakathi kwemigqa emibili.
  6. Uma kufanele ukhuphuke ngentambo enamathele ukuze uyikhulule, funda Umthetho othi Lethal Single-Strand vs. Double-Strand Ascension Rule esiGabeni 2 ngezansi ukuze ungadonsi uhlangothi olungavinjiwe ngendandatho okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo kanye nomthofu wokulinganisa uze ufe.
  7. Uma umhosha ufinyela ku-V-slot uqine kakhulu okhalweni noma ezinyaweni zakho phansi, UNGAWUZI wehlele emfantwini (Vertical Wedging Trap): Uma ushibilika ngenkathi ugxumela ngaphezu kwesikhala setshe lesanti esimise okuka-V esiqinile bese uwela phansi endaweni evulekile, amandla adonsela phansi ajika ukhalo lwakho, umbambo, noma amadolo phakathi kwezindonga eziguqukayo njengokhokho ebhodleleni. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ukhipha umoya, umzimba wakho ushona phansi ngamamilimitha angu-5 (0.2 amayintshi) ku-V-slot uze ungasakwazi ukwandisa amaphaphu akho (positional asphyxiation). Hlala ebhendini yokuphakama ebanzi lapho ungabhula khona uvundlile ngonyawo oluphikisanayo/nomfutho ongemuva.
  8. Uma uzwa ukuduma kwesitimela esithwala impahla esiphansi, ukuhogela ibhulashi elimanzi/i-ozone ewumhlaba, noma ubona amanzi omhosha omile eba nsundu, abe namagwebu, noma eqala ukukhuphuka, shiya wonke amagiya bese ukhuphukela odongeni oluphakeme kakhulu lwe-canyon noma ugwadule ngokushesha: Ukuduma kwezulu okungamakhilomitha angu-30 (amamayela angu-19) phezulu komfula ngaphansi kwe-slot yamanzi engamamitha angu-6 phansi kungathumela ugodo olomile lwamamitha angu-2 (2) canyon ngemizuzu. Ungalokothi uzame ukweqa isikhukhula sehla-mhosha phansi; gibela ikhefu odongeni, ugxumeke i-alcove, noma unamathisele kuhange lebhawudi eliphakeme ngaphezu komugqa womlando we-driftwood, bese uthintana nathi camping flash flood and canyon escape guide.

Danger

Okwenza Imigodi Yomgcini Ibulale Abagibeli Abanolwazi Abazama "Ukusiza Nje Ukukhuphuka": Ezimweni ezomile zasehlobo, umgodi wetshe lesanti oseduze nomhosha ophansi ungase ugcwaliswe isihlabathi namanzi uze ubhukude uye ngaphesheya bese ugobhoza esiswini ngamasekhondi angu-10. Ngemva kokukhukhula okukhulu kwentwasahlobo kukhuculula isihlabathi kumcengezi, kulandelwe izinyanga ezimbili zokuhwamuka, wona kanye lowomgodi uguquka ube 3.5-imitha ukujula (11.5-foot-deep) i-cauldron enezindonga ezime mpo namanzi phansi kuphela. Ngenxa yokuthi udebe lwe-sandstone lupholishwe ngamanzi lube idome elibushelelezi, elilenga ngaphezulu elinemifantu enguziro kanye nezinhlamvu ezithambile, eziphukayo zequartz ezivunguza ngaphansi kwamayunithi e-camming noma ama-piton, igiya elijwayelekile lokukhuphuka edwaleni ngokuvamile lihluleka ngokuphelele. Ungalokothi ungene emhosheni owaziwayo (Imlay, Heaps, Choprock, Poe, Squeeze, Black Hole) ngaphandle kokuthwala 2 kuya ku-3 indwangu Potshots (izikhwama zesihlabathi), Hook Kit (Talon / Cliffhanger / Leeper amahhuku + ukubhola ngesandla),intambo entantayo, kanye** ne-wetsuit egcwele engu-5 ukuya ku-7 millimeter (0.2 kuya ku-0.28 inch)** nanoma amazinga okushisa omoya wasogwadule edlula 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit).

Isihlahla sesinqumo: slot canyon technical triage eziphuthumayo

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo esihlakaniphile ngokushesha nje lapho iqembu lakho lihlangana negodi likanozinti, intambo yokubuyisa ebambekile, ukuwa okunqamulelayo, noma izimpawu zesikhukhula:

flowchart TD
    Crisis["Technical Slot Canyon Emergency Wahlangana"] --> Type{"Isiphi Isimo Esiphuthumayo SeCanyon Obhekene Naso Njengamanje?"}

    Type -->|"1. I-Deep Pothole Ahead (Noma Kakade Ngaphakathi)"| PotholeCheck{"Ingabe Kukhona Osengaphezu Kwe-Pothole Eseqophelweni Elingenhla?"}
    PotholeCheck -->|"Yebo: KuseRim"| TopRigg["UNGAZINIKELE KONKE: Gcina Intambo Ibambelele Ngenhla + Umbhukudi Oholayo We-Belay NOMA Phonsa Iphakethe Elinesisindo/Ama-Potshots Kuwo Wonke I-Pothole Okokuqala"]
    PotholeCheck -->|"Cha: Ithimba Lonke Livaleleke Ngaphakathi Kwe-Pothole"| EscapeBuild["Londoloza Ukufudumala Ku-Ledge/Amaphakethe -> Sebenzisa i-Potshot/Pack Counterweight Ukuphonsa Ngaphezulu Kwendebe NOMA Iphiramidi Yehlombe Ngaphansi Kwamanzi + Ukubekwa Kwehuku"]

    Type -->|"2. Intambo ye-Rappel Ibambekile Ekubuyiseni"| BothEnds{"Ingabe IZIphetho Zombili Zentambo Zisafika Phansi Phansi?"}
    BothEnds -->|"Yebo: Kokubili Kuphelela Esandleni"| AnglePull["Buyela Emuva Phansi-I-Canyon Ukuze U-Flatten Lip Angle -> Okunye Ukudonsa Izintambo Zombili -> Khuphuka Kuphela Ngokunqamula Izinyuko Kuzo Zombili Imicu Ndawonye"]
    BothEnds -->|"Cha: Donsa Ifindo Elijamekile Kundandatho / Crack Mid-Wall"| TieOff["UNGALOKOTHI Ukhuphukele I-Doll Strand Yamahhala Wedwa -> Bopha Izintambo Zombili Ndawonye noma Yakha Ihange Eliphansi Ngaphambi Kokukhuphuka Kwanoma Yimuphi I-Canyoneer"]

    Type -->|"3. Canyoneer Wedged ku Tight V-Slot"| Wedge["UNGAsunduzeli Isisulu Phansi -> I-Rig 3:1 Z-Hudula Usuka Ngenhla noma Isiqu Eceleni Kwesisulu ukuze Uphakamise Ama-Hips/I-Ribcage Phezulu Esigabeni Esibanzi"]

    Type -->|"4. Ukubhonga Kwezikhukhula / Amanzi ansundu / Ukugeleza Okunyukayo"| Flood["Lahla Izintambo & Amaphakethe Asindayo -> Khwela I-Lateral Alcove / Crack / Isiqu Esiphakeme Ngaphezu Komugqa We-Driftwood Ngokushesha"]

Isigaba 1: Ungaphunyula Kanjani "I-Keeper Pothole" (Ukuvimbela, I-Pack Toss, Ama-Potshots, kanye Nephiramidi Yomuntu)

Ku-technical canyoneering, i- Keeper Pothole iyindawo egugulekayo engaphansi komhosha lapho izinga lamanzi liphansi kakhulu ukuze lifinyelele odebeni lokuphuma phezu kwamanzi, amanzi ajulile kakhulu (noma ngaphansi kuncane kakhulu/alengele kakhulu) ukuthi angagxumela noma ame ngezinyawo, futhi udonga lokuphuma lwetshe lesanti olugobile luwumqansa kakhulu futhi luyashelela ukuze uphume.

   UPPER CANYON RIM (Rappel Anchor)
==============\
               \     Overhanging Polished Sandstone Exit Lip
                \                     _.-"""-._
                 \                   /         \   <-- Pack / Potshot Bag Tossed
                  |                 |   LIP     \      Over Lip Into Downstream
                  |    1.5m - 3.5m  | (No Holds) \     Crack / Chockstone / Pool
                  |    Vertical     |             \_____________________________
                  |    Smooth Wall  |                    DOWNSTREAM CANYON FLOOR
                  |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|  <-- Freezing Stagnant Water Surface
                  |                 |      (4°C - 10°C / 39°F - 50°F)
                  \                 /
                   \_______________/   <-- Scoured Deep Basin (Cannot Touch Bottom)

1. Umthetho Wegolide Ngaphambi Kokungena: "I-Cross-Phonsa" noma "I-Sacrificial Belay"

Uma umi phezulu kwe-rappel ewela ngqo egodini elijulile: 1. Zama ukujikijela isikhwama sakho se-Potshot esinesisindo noma ubhaka ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umgodi ukusuka kunqenqema olungenhla NGAPHAMBI kokuba noma ubani adlubulundele: - Bopha intambo yakho yokubuyisa noma intambo yokudonsa engu-6-millimeter (0.24-intshi) ku-Potshot* (isikhwama sesilinda senayiloni esimangelengele esigcwele amakhilogremu angu-5 kuya ku-8 / amakhilogremu angu-11 kuya kwangu-18 esihlabathi noma amatshe athathwe phansi emhosheni, noma izimbiza zamanzi ngaphakathi komgobho owela umhosha kanye nomfula) phezu kodebe olukude**. - Uma isikhwama esinesisindo sisusa udebe olukude bese sehlela phansi phansi komfula (noma sijikela ku-V-slot/chockstone sidlule udebe), qinisa umugqa: i-canyoneer yokuqala manje ingagibela egodini futhi ngokushesha izidonsele phezulu kanye nodebe olukude isebenzisa leyo ntambo eboshwe ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba omunye umuntu enze. - I-Munter Mule Overhand (MMO) noma I-Biner Block: Ukunyakazisa ihange elikhiphekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rappeller ejamekile ingehliswa ngokushesha. - Gcina i-Last Canyoneer ku-Upper Rim: I-canyoneer yokuqala ikhuluma ngomucu owodwa ongashintshi ogqoke isudi emanzi kanye nokukhuphukayo (Tibloc noma i-Prusik) ukuze bakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu uma udebe olungezansi lomfula lungahambeki.

2. Izindlela Ezi-5 Ezifakazelwe Zokubaleka Lapho Usuvele Ungaphakathi Kwegodi Lomgcini

Uma usuvele uphansi ngaphakathi kwe-pothole yomgcini futhi kufanele ugibele udebe lwetshe lesandstone oluwumqansa noma olulengele ezansi nomfula, sebenzisa lawa masu amahlanu ukusuka kokushesha kakhulu kuye kobuchwepheshe kakhulu:

I-Escape Technique I-Lip Geometry engcono kakhulu nokujula kwamanzi Ukwenziwa Okuqondile Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
1. Isitendi Somuntu Esingaphansi Kwamanzi / Iphiramidi Yabantu ababili ukuya kwaba-3 Amanzi angajulile ukuya esifubeni (noma lapho ibhentshi elingaphansi kwamanzi elingaphansi kwamanzi likhona eduze kodonga) nodebe lungamamitha angu-1.5 ukuya kwangu-3 (amafidi amahlanu kuya kwangu-10) ukuphakama. 1. Ungalinge uzame ukuma emahlombe ombhukudi emanzini ajulile ngaphandle kwezisekelo ezingaphansi. Kunalokho, yiba ne-canyoneer enamandla kakhulu (Base) thatha umoya ojulile, ucwilise ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze utshale izinyawo zombili ngokuqinile phansi egodini (noma qinisa umugqa unqamule izindonga eziwumngcingo ezingaphansi komhlaba).
2. Umqwali omncane kunabo bonke (Climber) uya emathangeni e-Base engaphansi kwamanzi, bese emahlombe, bese ekhuphukela phezulu njengoba i-Base isukuma ngaphansi kwamanzi, iphakamise izandla nesifuba sika-Climber phezu kodebe.
3. Uma i-Climber belly-sflop phezu kodebe, ihlala phansi iqinise phansi bese iwisa umsila obhibhile noma intambo ukuze ikhiphe iqembu elisele.
2. Isikhwama se-Potshot esinesisindo noma i-Pack Counterweight Toss (Friction + Mass Hang) Udebe luphakeme ngamamitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-4 (amafidi angu-7 kuya kwangu-13), amanzi ayajula, futhi indawo edlula udebe iyehlela phansi noma yehlele echibini/umfantu olandelayo. 1. Gcwalisa 1 kuya ku-3 Potshot sandbags (noma isikhwama sakho se-canyon) ngamakhilogremu angu-15 ukuya kwangu-25 (33 kuya ku-55 amakhilogremu)** esihlabathi, udaka, amadwala, noma izikhwama zamanzi ezivaliwe, bese ubopha intambo yakho yokugibela ngokuphepha esikhwameni.
2. Ukusuka endaweni ezinzile yokubhukuda/yokunyathela (noma ukuma phezu kwephakethe lomhosha elintantayo), shwiba futhi uvule isikhwama se-Potshot phezulu nangaphezulu phakathi nendawo noma umfantu wodebe olungezansi komfula ukuze siwe kude kakhulu ngaphesheya ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Kungani isikhwama esingu-15 kg (33 lb) singabamba umgibeli ongu-75 kg (165 lb) (The Capstan Equation, \(T_{\text{hold}} = T_{\text{load}} \cdot e^{\mu \theta}\)): Ngoba intambo yenayiloni emanzi isonga ngo-90 kuya ku-180 degrees (\(\theta = \pi/2\text{ to }\pi\text{ radians}\)) phezu kwe-sandstone emangelengele, i-sandfriction yamandla ebamba i-sandstone crest ye-capplies Isikhwama esingu-15-kilogram (33-pound) ngo-3x kuya ku-5x*. Klipha i-ascender (Tibloc / Prusik) entanjeni eqinile, yilayishe ngokushelela ngaphandle kokubhampa noma ukudlikiza, bese uhamba ngezinyawo ukhuphuke ngodonga phezu kodebe.
3. Iphakethe Eligcwele Amanzi Phonsa Echibini Elilandelayo ("Hydro-Anchor") Lapho udebe luwunqenqema lommese oluwela ngokushesha echibini lamanzi elijulile lesibili ohlangothini olukude. Gcwalisa iphakethe lakho le-canyon ngamanzi bese unamathisela isikhwama esomile esintantayo esifakwe umoya kancane ukuze iphekhi ishone ngezansi kancane ohlangothini olukude. Phonsa iphekhi phezu kodebe olusonqenqemeni lommese echibini elingezansi komfula: ukudonsa intambo kuhudula umlomo ovulekile wephakethe elicwile emanzini uhlehle emanzini njenge-ihange lasolwandle / i-parachute, okukhiqiza ukudonsa okukhulu kwe-hydrodynamic okuvumela isiqwali esilula sikhuphuke ngodebe ngaphambi kokuba iphakethe lifike odongeni olude.
4. I-Chockstone / Crack Camming Toss (Knot-Chock noma Cam-on-a-Stick) Lapho i-groove emile emise okuka-V emile, i-crack, noma idwala elivaliwe lihlala phezu kodebe. Bopha esikhulu Umfanekiso-8 efindoni le-Bight noma le-Butterfly Alpine (noma unamathisele i-Cam / Big Bro enkulu evulekile ekugcineni kwesigxobo esiqinile sokuhamba noma igatsha le-driftwood) bese uwuphonsa/uwelule phezu kodebe ukuze ifindo noma ikhamera igxumeke ngokuqinile ku-V-slot ewumngcingo ohlangothini olukude. Hlola isisindo ngokushelela ngaphambi kokukhuphuka.
5. I-Talon Hook / Cliffhanger Aid Climp (Skyhook ku-Sandstone Ripples) Udonga lokuphuma lwetshe lesandstone elingenalutho oluyimitha engu-3 ukuya ku-5 (10-to-16-foot) olunokhonkolo oluncane oluvundlile lwe-iron-oxide (Moqui marbles), amaphakethe esixazululo, noma ama-flakes. 1. Ngenkathi umi emahlombe ophathina noma iphakethe elintantayo, beka I-Black Diamond Talon Hook noma I-Cliffhanger embotsheni yehhuku ephozithivu noma ebhoboziwe engamamilimitha angu-6 (0.24-intshi) engashoni (bat hook hole), kliphu umsizi (etrier iledi yokulenga) kuhuku, gcina isisindo ngokuya phansi ngokuqinile etsheni (ungalokothi udonsele ngaphandle noma ihhuku izokhala ibheke ebusweni bakho; hlala ugqoke isigqoko sakho sokuzivikela nesivikelo samehlo), bese ukhuphukela kwiluphu engaphezulu yesisizi ukuze ufinyelele udebe noma ubeke ihuku yesibili ephakeme.

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukuvimbela kanye Nokubalekela Intambo Enamathelayo Ye-Rappel E-Canyon

Ku-slot canyon eqondile enama-rappel angu-6 kuya kwayi-15 alandelanayo, udonsa intambo yakho phansi ku-Rappel #4 futhi ubukele i-knot jam e-sandstone eqhekeka amamitha angu-25 (amafidi angu-82) ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila: awukwazi ukugibela i-Rappel #1 ukuya ku-#3, futhi awusenayo intambo yokwehla #15.

1. Ungakugwema Kanjani Ukujama Kwezintambo Ngaphambi Komuntu Wokugcina Adlondlobale (LMAR: Indoda Yokugcina Esengozini)

Amaphesenti angu-95 ezindophi ze-canyon ezinamathele abangelwa amaphutha amathathu angavinjelwa enziwa kuhange ngaphambi kokuba umuntu wokugcina ehle: 1. Iphutha A: Ukushiya Indandatho Yesikhonkwane Iphakeme Ibuyele Ku-Flat Ledge Esikhundleni Sokuyinweba Endebeni: - Uma isiphanyeko sebhawodi noma ihange lesihlahla lihlala amamitha angu-2 (amafidi angu-6.5) emuva kusukela onqenqemeni lwewa oluvundlile, ukudonsa intambo kusuka phansi kuhudula intambo ekhoneni le-sandstone elingamadigri angu-90, kusaha inkaba ejulile etsheni elithambile futhi kukhiqize ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwe-capstan okukhiya intambo enganyakazi. - Lungisa: Nweba ukuxhuma (rappel ring / rapide) phambili onqenqemeni lwendebe, noma yenza umuntu wokugcina asebenzise ukusetha okubuyiselekayo FiddleStick / CEM / Togglerelease ukuze kungabikho ifindo okumelwe lidlule onqenqemeni. 2. Iphutha B: Ukuvumela Imicu Emibili Ukusonteka Ngokuzungezile (Barber-Poling): - Uma ukhumbula emicu emibili usebenzisa i-standard figure-8 eyehlayo ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa izintambo, owehlayo usonta imicu emibili nxazonke izikhathi ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-20 endleleni eya phansi. Uma udonsa umucu owodwa ngezansi, lawo ma-twist anqwabelana phezulu eringini futhi akhiye ndawonye njengogibe lomunwe waseShayina. - ** Lungisa : Rig a ** Biner Block (Canyoneering Contingency Anchor): yehlisa kuphela umucu owodwa phansi eweni kuqala (ugcina isikhwama sokubuyisa sinqanyuliwe kuhange noma usijikijele ngokuhlukene ngaphandle kwentambo ye-rappel) ukuze imicu emibili ingalokothi isonteke. 3. Iphutha C: Ukuvumela Ifindo Lokubuyisa Liwele Ku-V-Crack Ekudonseleni Phansi: - Lapho umuntu wokugcina eqeda ukuphindaphinda ukusethwa kwe-Biner Block, qinisekisa ukuthi yimuphi umucu okuwumucu wokudonsa, qaqa ibhulokhi ye-carabiner uma yehlisiwe, futhi ulawule isiphetho esiwayo njengoba udonsa ukuze isiphetho sentambo esindayo esimanzi singashayi uphondo noma igatsha lesihlahla endleleni eya phansi.

2. Ukubuyisela Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Uma Intambo Yakho Inqaba Ukudonsa Ngezansi

Uma udonsa umucu owukhiphayo ngaphansi kwe-rappel bese ikhiya iqine, UNGABI nabantu abathathu abalenga isisindo somzimba wabo esigcwele entanjeni ukuze bayinyakazise kanzima: ukudonsa ngamandla amakhilogremu angu-300 (amakhilogremu angu-660) kudonsela ifindo noma intambo ijule ku-V-crack ye-sandstone ize ishikelwe unomphela endaweni. Kunalokho, sebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ezine:

  1. Isinyathelo 1 (Hlola ukuthi Ingabe Udonsa Intambo Engalungile noma Uma Izintambo Zisontekile):
  2. Bheka phezulu ngezibonakude noma sondeza kukhamera ye-smartphone yakho: ingabe imicu emibili isongwe yazungezana ngaphansi kwendandatho? Shake igagasi elikhulu elime mpo le-sinusoidal (whip) phakamisa intambo ukuze uvule ukugoqa eduze neringi.
  3. Uma zombili iziphetho zisafika phansi futhi lingekho ibhulokhi yebhina eringini, zama ukudonsa enye umucu amasentimitha angu-30 (amayintshi angu-12) emuva ukuze uhlehle ujamu uphume esikhaleni.
  4. Isinyathelo sesi-2 (Hamba Ngaphansi Kwe-Canyon Ukude kude Nodonga Ngangokunokwenzeka Ukuze Ushintshe I-engeli YeVector):
  5. Ukudonsa uqonde phansi phansi kwewa kugoba intambo ngama-degree angu-180 phezu kodebe lwesihlabathi. Hamba amamitha angu-15 ukuya kwangu-30 (amafidi angu-50 kuye kwangu-100) phansi phansi komhosha (noma uphakamise udonga oluphambene lomhosha) ukuze umugqa wakho wokudonsa wenze i-engeli eyisicaba engu-30-to-45-degree ngodebe olungaphezulu, uphakamise intambo uyikhiphe emseleni we-sandstone.
  6. Isinyathelo sesi-3 (Umthetho OBALULEKILE Ngaphambi Kokwenyuka Ngentambo Enamathele):

Danger

Imbangela #1 Yokufa Lapho Ukhuphuka Ngentambo Enamathelayo Ye-Rappel: Ake sithi yomibili imicu yentambo yakho (Strand A futhi Strand B) adlule ensimbini evulekile phezulu eweni ngaphandle kwefindo elivimbe iringi, futhi intambo igoqe kancane izungeza icwecwe elincane ledwala elingamamitha angu-3 (amafidi ayi-10) ngaphansi kweringi. Uma unamathisela okwenyukayo kwakho komshini ku-UMUTHI OWODWA KUPHELA (Strand A) bese uqala ukukhuphuka, ngokushesha nje umzimba wakho ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-rock flake encane, noma lapho nje ukushaya kwakho kuqaqa intambo kuleyo flake, Strand A izoshelela ngokuzumayo iqonde eringini evulekile engaphezulu kwakho bese ikuwisa phansi. - Umthetho Oyisibopho Lapho Kokubili Kuphela Kufika Emhlabathini: Uma kufanele ukhuphuke entanjeni enemicu ekabili enamathele lapho lingekho ibhulokhi likabina noma ifindo elikhiya iringi, kungaba (A) bopha iziphetho zombili ngokuvikelekile kwihange eliphansi / etsheni kuqala emhosheni, NOMA klzzwxh:0097 ngesikhathi esifanayo ibanjwe ngesandla akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukuthintambo ingene iringi ephezulu ngenkathi ukhuphuka. - Umthetho Oyisibopho Uma Isiphetho Esodwa Kuphela Sifika Phansi (Ujamu Odonswe Uhhafu)**: Uma usuvele udon uhhafu wentambo eringini ngaphambi kokuba isiphetho sigxumeke emfantwini ongaphezu kwakho, UNGAMthembi impilo yakho ekugcineni kwentambo eboshwe ngengozi ekuqhekekeni kwetshe lesanti elibhidlikayo. Ngisho noma ibambe ukudonsa kwesandla okungamakhilogremu angu-30 (amakhilogremu angu-66), ukugxuma okuguquguqukayo komqwali ongu-90 kilogram (200-pound) okhuphukela ku-Tibloc eyodwa kuzokhipha umsila ominyene emfantwini ngamamitha angu-15 (amafidi angu-50) ukusuka phansi. Khuphuka kuphela uma ungakwazi ukuhlehliswa kwesinye isici noma uma intambo iqinisekiswa ikhiywe ngefindo ngaphakathi kwendandatho yensimbi; uma kungenjalo, hlala phansi futhi uhlole ukuthi ingabe intambo yakho esele + yokudonsa + intambo + yinde ngokwanele yini ukuthi ihlale iwa phansi nomfula, noma icuphe i-SOS yesathelayithi.

Isigaba sesi-3: Ukubalekela I-Stemming Entrapment ethi "Cama / V-Slot" Encane

Izihosha eziningi zeColorado Plateau slot (Shenanigans, Middle Leprechaun, Brimstone, Spooky, Zero Gravity) incipha ibe amasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-35 ububanzi (amayintshi angu-8 kuya kwangu-14) ububanzi, okuphoqelela ama-canyoneers ukuba isiqu (ibhuloho elivundlile) 3 kuya ku-15 amamitha (amafidi angu-10 kuya kwangu-50) ngaphezu komhosha lapho izindonga zivuleke ngokwanele ukuba nethonsi yomuntu.

1. Kungani Ukuwela Ku-V-Slot Kubeka Impilo Engozi Ngokushesha (Positional Asphyxiation & Compartment Crush)

Uma isicathulo se-canyoneer esiqinile sishibilika esihlabathini esinesihlabathi bese sehlela siqonde ku-V-slot encipha ngezansi: 1. Ukhalo lwazo, amathanga, noma izimbambo zibambene ziqine phakathi kwezindonga zamadwala amabili izinyawo zawo zilenga emoyeni ongenalutho. 2. I-Respiratory Ratchet (Positional Asphyxiation): Uma isifuba sesisulu sibiyelwe phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili, njalo lapho siphefumula, ubambo lwaso luyancipha ngamasentimitha angu-1 kuya ku-2 (amayintshi angu-0.4 kuya ku-0.8 amayintshi) futhi amandla adonsela phansi ashelela umzimba waso ujule kancane ungene ku-V. 3. I-Suspension Trauma & Crush Syndrome: Phakathi kwemizuzu engu-20 kuya kwengu-45 yokuchotshozwa kwamathanga noma i-pelvis endaweni eqondile yedwala, amachibi egazi ane-venous emilenzeni engezansi (orthostatic shock) kanye nezicubu zemisipha echotshoziwe ziqala ukukhulula i-potassium ne-myoglobin (rhabdomyolysis; bona wethu ukuqondisa ukulimala kanye ne-compartment syndrome).

2. Iphrothokholi Yokutakula Ngokushesha Ye-Wedged Canyoneer

  1. Isinyathelo 1 (Sekela Isisindo Sabo Kusukela Ngezansi Noma Ngenhla Kumasekhondi Okuqala angama-60):
  2. Cela ozakwenu avele amise endaweni ngokuqondile ngezansi noma eceleni isisulu esishibhile (ezingeni elibanzi) ukuze isisulu sikwazi ukubeka izinyawo zaso emahlombe omhlengi, amathanga, noma iphakethe le-canyon ukuze asuse amandla adonsela phansi e-ribcage/pelvis yakhe.
  3. Isinyathelo sesi-2 (UNGALOKO Uphushele Phansi; Phakamisa Njalo ubheke phezulu ku-Wider Taper):
  4. Ngoba izikhala ze-sandstone zingena ngaphakathi njengo-V ukuya phansi futhi ziphumela ngaphandle ziye phezulu, ukuya phambili ngokuvundlile ekuphakameni kwamanje kwesisulu ngokuvamile akuphumelelanga. Kumelwe uphakamise isisulu uqonde PHEZULU amasentimitha angu-15 ukuya kwangu-45 (amayintshi angu-6 ukuya kwangu-18) usiyise endaweni ebanzi eqondile kuqala.
  5. Isinyathelo sesi-3 (Rig a Overhead 3:1 Z-Hudula noma I-Bridged Pack/Chockstone Anchor):
  6. Uma isisulu siboshwe siqine kakhulu ukuthi singasiphakamisa ngesandla, jam iphakethe lomhosha, isikhwama se-Potshot, noma i-chockstone endaweni ngenhla isisulu (noma ugobe abatakuli ababili ngaphezu kwabo), qopha i-pulley (Micro Traxion) kumahhanisi ohlukunyeziwe i-belay loop (kanye nesifuba esigaywa ngaphansi kwamakhwapha ukuze bahlale baqondile), bese udonsa uqonde phezulu usebenzisa 3:1 Z-drag mechanical advantage system.

Isigaba 4: Ukusinda Esikhukhuleni Esikhanyayo Ngaphakathi Kwe-Technical Slot Canyon

Izikhukhula ezisheshayo ziyingozi eyodwa yemvelo eyingozi kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala ogwadule ngenxa yokuthi izindawo ezingenalutho ze-sandstone zimunca amanzi emvula: amamilimitha angu-10 (0.4 amayintshi) emvula enetha endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwere angu-50 (amamayela angu-20-skwere) amakhilomitha angu-25 amakhilomitha angu-15 wamamitha amakhilomitha angu-15 wamamitha amanzi. cishe amamitha angu-1.5 (amafidi amahlanu) ububanzi.

  1. Bona Izimpawu Ezi-4 Zesexwayiso Zesikhukhula Esikhanyayo Ngaphambi Komthelela:
  2. Umsindo: Umsindo ophansi, oqhubekayo womsindo odumayo noma obhongayo owenanela phansi ezindongeni ze-canyon (ngokuvamile okucatshangwa ukuthi indiza yomoya noma indiza) ebangelwa amadwala adilikayo nezingodo ngaphambi kwesikhukhula.
  3. Ukuhogela: Iphunga elibabayo elingazelele le- ibhulashi lasogwadule elimanzi, i-creosote, umsedari, nobumba oluswakeme oluthwelwe phansi-umhosha oqhunyiswa ngaphambili odongeni lwamanzi.
  4. Izinguquko Zamanzi: Amanzi acwebile acwebile emhosheni aphenduke ngokuzumayo ushokoledi ansundu, udaka, noma ubisi, athwale amagatsha omile, izinalithi zikaphayini, negwebu elinsundu, noma akhuphuke ngisho nangamasentimitha angu-2 (1 iyintshi).
  5. Isibhakabhaka nama-Echoes: Ukuduma okunanela emarimini omhosha, ngisho noma umugqa omncane wesibhakabhaka ubonakala ushisa futhi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
  6. Izenzo Zokubaleka Ngokushesha (Umthetho wamasekhondi angu-60):
  7. UNGALOKOTHI uzame ukugijima phansi-emhosheni ukuze unqobe izikhukhula: Isikhukhula sihamba ngamakhilomitha angu-10 kuye kwangama-25 ngehora (amamayela angu-6 kuya kwangu-15 ngehora) endaweni okuthatha ihora ngekhilomitha ukuze udlwengule futhi ubhukude.
  8. Bheka PHEZULU izindonga ze-canyon ngokushesha ukuze uthole "Iziphephelo Zamanzi Aphakeme":
    • Skena zombili izindonga ukuze uthole ama-alcove, amaleji abanzi, amapayipi amanzi asemaceleni, noma izindawo eziwela imigwaqo eyehlelayo etholakala ngenhla komugqa ophezulu obonakalayo we-driftwood / imfucumfucu yezikhukhula eminyene ezindongeni ze-canyon.
    • Uma usengxenyeni emincane enezindonga eziqondile engenamaleji, phakamisa (chimney climb) ephaketheni elibanzi elingamamitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-10 (amafidi angu-16 ukuya kwangu-33) ngaphezu kwesitezi, hlanganisa iphakethe lakho le-canyon njengesihlalo, noma unamathisele kuhange lebhawodi le-rappel eliphakeme ngaphezu kwendlela yamanzi.
  9. Khipha ezintanjeni ezigxilile ezilenga kumzila wezikhukhula: Ungalokothi uhlale unamathele entanjeni ye-rappel umsila wayo ulenga emanzini ezikhukhula; lapho izingodo ezintantayo namanzi ansundu ebamba intambo engamamitha angu-20 (amafidi angu-65) aphansi, adonsela phansi nezinkulungwane zamathoni anamandla, akuhudule asuke onqenqemeni lwakho noma anqamule ihhanisi lakho okhalweni lwakho. Sika noma udonse umsila wentambo ongezansi ngokushesha.
  10. Uma UseGround Ground, Lungiselela Ukulinda Amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-24: Izikhukhula zasogwadule zikhuphuka ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile zihlehla zibuyele emazingeni okudlula phakathi kwamahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-18, nakuba imigodi yabagcini esanda kugezwa ezansi nomfula manje izogcwala udaka nemfucumfucu entantayo. Gqoka i-wetsuit yakho noma izendlalelo ezomile ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele i-hypothermia yasehlane ngesikhathi silinde uzamcolo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Kungani ama-canyoneers egqoka ama-wetsuits aminyene angu-5mm kuya ku-7mm futhi aphathe izinto zokuthi i-hypothermia uma ehamba endaweni yokushisa yasogwadule engu-38°C (100°F) yase-Utah?

Izihosha ezijulile e-Zion, Escalante, naseGlen Canyon zingamamitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-300 (amafidi angama-200 kuye kwayi-1,000) ukujula namamitha angu-1 kuye kwayi-2 ububanzi, okusho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. akakaze afinyelele phansi komhosha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Amanzi emvula amile avaleleke phakathi kwemigodi yesihlabathi esinomthunzi ahlala endaweni ebandayo 4 kuya ku-10 degrees Celsius (39 kuya ku-50 degrees Fahrenheit) ngisho nangoJulayi nango-Agasti. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi asusa ukushisa komzimba ngokushesha okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-25 kunomoya, ukubhukuda emigodini eyishumi elandelanayo noma ukuvaleleka phakathi kwe-pothole yomgcini imizuzu engu-45 ngaphandle kwe-wetsuit kubangela ukukhubazeka okusheshayo kwamanzi abandayo (ukwehluleka ukubhukuda) kanye ne-hypothermia ebulalayo.

Iyini i-"Potshot" ku-canyoneering, futhi kungani kungcono kunokujikijela ihhuku lokubalekela umgodi womgcini?

A Potshot iyiyiloni elincane, eliyisilinda elisindayo elisindayo noma isikhwama se-Cordura esenzelwe ukugcwaliswa khona lapho ngamakhilogremu angu-5 ukuya kwangu-10 (amakhilogremu angu-11 ukuya kwangu-22) esihlabathi noma amatshe avela phansi egodini futhi eboshelwe entanjeni ekhuphukayo. Ngokungafani nezingwegwe zensimbi (ezigxuma i-sandstone eyindilinga, igeze idwala le-National Park entekenteke, bese ibuyela emuva iqonde emakhanda ababhukudi abavaleleke echibini elingamamitha angu-2 ububanzi), i-Potshot egcwele isihlabathi ibumba izitsha ze-sandstone ezibushelelezi, igoqeka kancane ibe imifantu, futhi isebenzisa Ifomula ye-Capstan friction phezu kodebe lwe-sandstone olugobile ukuze kusekelwe isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala esigcwele ngaphandle kokulimaza idwala noma ukubeka engozini iqembu elingezansi.

Uyibuyisa kanjani intambo ye-rappel ngemuva kokuthi umuntu wokugcina ehlile ngaphandle kokushiya igiya ngemuva?

Ku-canyoneering evamile, iqembu lixhuma intambo ngendandatho yensimbi eyihange (ngokushesha noma indandatho yensimbi eshiselwe) phezulu kweconsi bese usetha a I-Biner Block ekhishwayo (noma i-CEM / i-Munter Mule Overhand) kubantu bokuqala ukuze behliswe uma izinwele zabo noma izingubo zabo zigcwala ku-dederer yabo. Lapho i- umuntu wokugcina isilungele ukwehla, bangasusa ibhlokhi ye-carabiner ukuze intambo ihlale ngqo eringini bese iphindaphinda phansi kuyo yomibili imicu ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma ishiye ibhulokhi ye-carabiner imiswe maqondana neringi ebheke ohlangothini lokudonsa ukuze uma isifika phansi, idonse umucu ongemuva idonse ikharabina nentambo ngokushelelayo ngeringi iye phansi emhosheni.

Ngabe i-Garmin inReach noma i-iPhone Satellite SOS izosebenza isuka phansi kwe-slot canyon ejulile, ewumngcingo?

Abaxhumanisa ngesathelayithi (I-Iridium amasathelayithi e-low-Earth-orbit asetshenziswa i-Garmin inReach, noma I-Globalstar esetshenziswa i-Apple Satellite SOS) idinga umugqa oqondile wokubuka esibhakabhakeni. Phansi komhosha omncane, olenga ngaphezulu lapho kubonakala iribhoni lesibhakabhaka elingamamitha angu-1 kuphela ububanzi (ububanzi obungamafidi angu-3) (noma lungekho nhlobo esigabeni "sesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba" esingaphansi komhlaba), imilayezo yesathelayithi ingathatha Imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-90 ukubamba isathelayithi edlula ngqo phezu kwe-zenith slot ewumngcingo, noma wehluleke uze uye endaweni egoba umhosha obanzi kancane noma e-alcove. Vula idivayisi, bhala umlayezo we-SOS, beka noma ulengise idivayisi ngothi lwayo olubheke phezulu esibhakabhakeni esivulekile, bese uyishiya imile okungenani imizuzu engama-45 ukuze ikwazi ukuqhuma lapho isathelayithi inqamula phezulu ngokuqondile.

Imithombo ihloliwe

  • I-United States National Park Service (NPS, Zion National Park, Glen Canyon NRA, Capitol Reef & Canyonlands SAR): Canyoneering Safety, Keeper Pothole Escape Mechanics, kanye Neziqondiso Zokusinda Kwezikhukhula zeFlash.
  • I-American Canyoneering Association (ACA) kanye neKharikhulamu Yokuqeqeshelwa Ubuholi beCanyon: Imanuwali Yezobuchwepheshe YeCanyoneering: Izikhonkwane Zezimo Eziphuthumayo (MMO / Amabhulokhi kaBiner), Ukutholwa Kwezintambo Ezibambekile, kanye Nezinhlelo Zokubaleka Ze-Pothole.
  • Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuhlenga i-Alpine (ICAR, I-Canyon Rescue Subcommission): Izincomo Zobuchwepheshe ZokuSesha Nokuhlenga kweCanyon, I-Suspension Trauma in Narrow Slots, kanye ne-Swiftwater Canyon Hazards.
  • Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke (NWS I-Salt Lake City / I-Grand Junction) (United States): I-Colorado Plateau Slot Canyon I-Flash Potential Rating System kanye ne-Hydrological Lag Times.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene