Atsekeredwa mu elevator yodzaza ndi anthu: kutenthedwa ndi kupulumutsa¶

Chikepe chodzaza ndi anthu chomwe chikugundika mpaka kuyima mwadzidzidzi pakati pa pansi ndi chinthu champhamvu, chosokoneza. Pakangotha ​​​​masekondi angapo, mafani oziziritsa nthawi zambiri amadula, magetsi owonetsera amatha kuzima, ndipo alendo khumi mpaka makumi awiri amapezeka kuti ali mkati mwa bokosi lachitsulo loyimitsidwa mumsewu woyima. Kutentha kozungulira kumakwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi limodzi ndi malo omwe munthu amakhalamo, nkhawa imatha kukulirakulira kukhala mantha opatsirana.

Ngakhale kuti chikepe chili choopsa chotani, ma elevator amakono ali m'gulu la zoyendera zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zapangidwa movutikira kwambiri. Zingwe zokweza zitsulo, zowerengera, mabuleki otetezera ma electromechanical, ndi zotsekera zitseko zimapangitsa kugwa kwaulere kukhala kosatheka chifukwa cha kulephera kwa magwiridwe antchito. Zowopsa zakuthupi panthawi yomwe watsekeredwa sizichokera pachikwere chakugwa, koma kwa anthu okwera omwe amayesa kudzipulumutsa okha popanda zitseko zokwera. Kumvetsetsa ma interlocks a elevator, mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino, ma protocol oyitanitsa mwadzidzidzi, komanso kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwamagulu kumawonetsetsa kuti aliyense amakhalabe otetezeka mpaka zimango kapena ozimitsa moto omwe ali ndi chilolezo afika.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Dinani batani lodzipatulira la Foni Yadzidzidzi kapena batani loyimbira. Dikirani batani la foni lolembedwa ndi foni yam'manja kapena chizindikiro cha belu kwa masekondi osachepera atatu kapena asanu kuti mulumikizane ndi malo owunikira maola 24 kapena chitetezo chanyumba.
2. Nenani kumene muli, adiresi yakunyumba, ndi chizindikiritso cha banki ya chikepe. Werengani nambala ya satifiketi, nambala ya chikepe cha elevator, kapena chizindikiritso cha zilembo ndi manambala chosindikizidwa pagulu la magalimoto pamwamba kapena pambali pa foni.
3. Osayesa kutsekula zitseko kapena kukwera m'galimoto yomwe yayimitsidwa. Kutuluka m'galimoto yomwe yayimitsidwa pakati pazipinda zosanja kumakupangitsani kuti muvutike ndi ngozi yapamtunda komanso kumeta koopsa ngati chikepe chisuntha mosayembekezereka.
4. Konzani malo okwera anthu kuti azitha kuwongolera kukwera kwa kutentha kwa m'kanyumba. Funsani aliyense kuti ayime modekha atanyamula mikono m'mbali mwake, kumasula zovala zakunja zothina kapena malaya a m'khosi, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu amene akudwala chizungulire kukhala pansi motsamira khoma la kabati.
5. Tsimikizirani kuti choyimitsa choyimitsa mwadzidzidzi sichinayambike mwangozi. Onani ngati chowotcha chachikale chopalasa kapena chofiyira chomwe chili pagawo lakumunsi chinagundidwa ndi okwera kapena katundu.
6. Tetezani mphamvu ya batire la foni yam'manja ndikukhala bata ndi mawu. Yambitsani tochi zamafoni anu pamene magetsi owonjezera a kabati akugwirabe ntchito, ndipo lankhulani modekha, momveka bwino kuti muchepetse nkhawa pakati pa okwera nawo oyandikana nawo.

Zomangamanga zamakina chitetezo: chifukwa chiyani zikepe sizingagwe¶

Mafilimu aku Hollywood afalitsa nthano yakuti zikepi zimagwera pansi pazitsulo zotseguka pambuyo pa kudulidwa kwa chingwe. M'malo mwake, ma elevator onyamula anthu amagwira ntchito pansi pa ma code okhwima omwe amaphatikiza magawo angapo a kufooketsa komanso kuchitapo kanthu pamakina.

Ma elevator onyamula anthu amathandizidwa ndi zingwe zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu zachitsulo. Chingwe chilichonse chimatha kuthandizira galimoto yodzaza kwathunthu palokha. Ngakhale zingwe zingapo zitalephera nthawi imodzi, zingwe zotsalazo zikagwira galimotoyo motetezeka.

Machitidwe amakoka ndi counterweighted. Chowongola dzanja chomwe chimalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chingwe chakumbuyo chimalemera ngati galimoto yopanda kanthu komanso pafupifupi theka la mphamvu zake zokwera zokwera. Chifukwa chake, galimoto yopanda brake imakonda kutsetsereka m'mwamba kupita pamwamba pa khwalala m'malo mogwera pansi.

flowchart TD
    A["Zosungirako Elevator Pakati Pa Pansi"] --> B{"Kodi mkati mwa shaft muli utsi kapena ngozi yadzidzidzi?"}
    B -- No --> C["Khalani Odekha Mkati Mwa Cab Yotsekedwa"]
    C --> D["Dinani batani la Emergency Phone / Call pa gulu"]
    D --> E["Perekani Chizindikiritso cha Cab & Kuwerengera Okwera Kuti Mutumize"]
    E --> F["Tsegulani Zovala ndikuwongolera Kutentha Kwamkati"]
    F --> G["Dikirani Makina Ovomerezeka kapena Dipatimenti Yozimitsa Moto"]
    G --> H["Ma Mechanic Centers Galimoto kapena Amakumbukira Gawo II"]
    B -- Yes --> I["Nenani Moto Pompopompo kudzera pa Foni kapena Mobile 911"]
    I --> J["Phimbani Pakamwa ndi Nsalu Ndipo Khalani Pansi mpaka Pansi"]
    J --> K["Yembekezerani Kuwonongeka Kwa Khomo Lopulumutsira Moto"]

Woyang'anira makina ndi chitetezo wedges¶

Choteteza chachikulu chopanda chitetezo chotsika kwambiri ndi zida zotetezera galimoto, makina okhazikika osadalira mphamvu yamagetsi, owongolera mapulogalamu, kapena kulowererapo kwa anthu:

Bwanamkubwa wothamanga amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha centrifugal m'chipinda cha makina cholumikizidwa ndi galimoto ndi chingwe chachitsulo. Ngati liwiro lotsika likufika pa 115 mpaka 125 peresenti ya liwiro lovotera, mphamvu ya centrifugal imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zamakina zomwe zimatseka chingwe.

Chingwe chokhomacho chimadutsa pamakina olemera kwambiri pansi pagalimoto. Kulumikizana uku kumayendetsa zitsulo zolimba zachitsulo muzitsulo zowongoka zowongoka, pogwiritsa ntchito kukangana kuti galimoto iyimitsidwe mkati mwa centimita. Zikakhazikitsidwa, zotetezedwa izi zimamasulidwa pokhapokha galimoto ikakwezedwa ndi zimango.

The interlock circuit: chomwe chimayambitsa kwambiri malo osungira mwadzidzidzi¶

Malo ambiri okwererako samayamba chifukwa cha zingwe zothyoka kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magalimoto. Zimachitika chifukwa chingwe cholumikizira chitetezo chamagetsi chimatseguka.

Pakhomo lililonse lolowera mu elevator hoistway lili ndi loko yokulirapo ya chitseko cha electromechanical. Chotsekerachi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zophatikizika: chotchinga chamakina chomwe chimalepheretsa anthu pansi kukankhira chitseko kuti chitseguke mutsinde lopanda kanthu, ndi cholumikizira chamagetsi cholumikizidwa motsatizana ndi dera lachitetezo cha elevator.

Yapano iyenera kuyenda mosalekeza kudzera pachitseko chilichonse chotsekera mnyumbamo kuti injiniyo iziyenda. Galimoto ikamayenda, chogwirira chomakina chimasunga zodzigudubuza zitseko zotsikira bwino.

Ngati dothi liyipitsa cholumikizira, kapena ngati kusuntha kwakung'ono kusokoneza chitseko ndi mamilimita awiri (0.08 mainchesi), kulumikizana kwamagetsi kumatseguka. Woyang'anira amazindikira dera losweka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadula mphamvu zamagalimoto, ndikuyika mabuleki opangidwa ndi masika pamakina oyendetsa kuti ayimitse galimotoyo.

Vuto lowopsa la hoistway ndi chifukwa chake kudzipulumutsa kumapha¶

Nthawi imodzi yowopsa kwambiri pazochitika zilizonse za elevator imachitika pamene okwera omwe atsekeredwa ayesa kuthawa okha.

Chikepe chikakhala pakati pa pansi, zitseko zolowera pamwamba kapena pansi pa sill yagalimoto zitha kuwoneka ngati zofikirako pang'ono. Apaulendo akamatsegula zitseko za galimotoyo amawona denga la mumsewu kapena pansi pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Kwa munthu wosaphunzitsidwa, kukwera pamalo otsetsereka a nyumbayo kumawoneka kosavuta. Kunena zowona, kuponda kapena kukwawa panjira imeneyo ndi msampha wakupha.

Kuopsa kwa guillotine ndi kumeta ubweya¶

Elevator yomwe yayima chifukwa cha vuto lamagetsi kwakanthawi kapena chitetezo cha interlock glitch imatha kupezanso mphamvu kapena kumasula mabuleki ake mosayembekezereka. Ngati wokwerayo ali pakati pa chitseko chotsegula pamene galimoto ikuyenda, chimango chotsika kapena chokwera chimakhala ngati guillotine motsutsana ndi mutu wa konkire kapena sill, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala koopsa.

Zimango zokhala ndi ziphaso komanso ozimitsa moto ophunzitsidwa bwino sangalole kuti wokwera atsike pamalo okwera mpaka zinthu ziwiri zovomerezeka zitakwaniritsidwa: masiwichi akulu omangira magawo atatu m'chipinda cha makina okwera atsekedwa ndikutulutsidwa, ndipo mabuleki amakina a elevator adatsekedwa ndi makina. Kuyesera kutuluka popanda zodzitetezera kumabweretsa tsoka.

+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|                   BUILDING LANDING FLOOR                  |
|===========================================================|
|                                                           |
|             >>> OPEN HOISTWAY FALL HAZARD <<<             |
|   (Unprotected vertical drop to pit: 10m to 50m+)         |
|                                                           |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
|                     STALLED ELEVATOR CAB                  |
|   [Passengers trapped inside: STRUCTURALLY PROTECTED]     |
|                                                           |
|                       Cab Floor Sill                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Msewu woyimirira watsika¶

Elevator ikaima pakati pa pansi, malo omwe ali pansi pa sill ya galimotoyo amatseguka molunjika ku dzenje lomwe lili pansipa. Ma hoistways amaponya makumi a mita m'maenje a konkriti akuda okhala ndi zotchingira zitsulo ndi makina.

Apaulendo akuyesa kukwawira pachiwopsezo chotsetserekera chammbuyo kapena kutsetsereka pansi pamphamba wotseguka. Kugwa ngakhale mamita 3 (mamita 10) pa dzenje kumabweretsa zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo madontho aatali amapha.

Elevator cab imakhala ndi makoma achitsulo, denga lotetezedwa, komanso pansi. Kukhala mkati kumatsimikizira kuti simungathe kugwa pansi.

Thermodynamics, khalidwe la mpweya, ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa kanyumba¶

Mphindi zikamadutsa m’chikwere chodzadza ndi anthu, anthu okwera nawo nthawi zambiri amanena kuti mpweya ukuchepa kapena kuti akubanika. Kumverera kwakuthupi kumeneku kumayambitsa claustrophobia ndi mantha oopsa. Kumvetsetsa zenizeni za thupi la mpweya wa elevator cabin kumathandiza kuthetsa manthawa ndikukhazikitsa gululo.

Fiziki ya elevator ventilation¶

Ndikosatheka kubanika m'galimoto yoyimitsidwa.

Nambala zachitetezo chanyumba zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zikwere (monga ASME A17.1 ndi EN 81) zimalamula kuti pakhale mipata yosalekeza, yosatsekeka ya mpweya wabwino m'kabati iliyonse yonyamula anthu. Zizindikirozi zimafuna kuti gawo lochepera la khoma lagalimoto pafupi ndi pansi komanso pafupi ndi denga likhale ndi mipata yotsegula mpweya wabwino.

Malo olowera mpweya awa amalola kuti matenthedwe achilengedwe azizungulira mpweya mosalekeza kudzera mu kabati:

Mpweya woziziritsa kuchokera kumtunda wakumunsi wa elevator umakokedwa kulowa mgalimoto kudzera m'mipata yapansi ndi m'mipata ya zitseko.

Pamene matupi okwera ndege amatenthetsa mpweya mkati mwa kanyumbako, mpweya wofunda umakwera mwachibadwa kupita kudenga.

Mpweya wotentha womwe ukukwera umatuluka kudzera m'miyendo yotseguka yolowera mumsewu woyimirira, pomwe mphamvu ya stack imakokera mpweya wosasunthika m'mwamba kupita kumalo olowera zipinda zamakina ndi ma louvers akunja.

Ngakhale zowulutsira mpweya wokakamiza zomwe zimayikidwa padenga lagalimoto zimatha kutseka mphamvu yothandizira ikatsika, ma convection louvers osagwira ntchito amakhalabe 100 peresenti. Mpweya wabwino ukuyenda mosalekeza m'galimoto. Kulephera kupuma kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kukwera kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku mpweya wotuluka m'miyendo, osati chifukwa chosowa mpweya.

Warm Air Exhausting Through Ceiling Louvers

+---|-----------|-----------|-----------|---+
|                                           |
|   PASSENGER CABIN HEAT BUILDUP:           |
|   - 15 Passengers = 1,800 Watts           |
|   - Temperature rises to 32 °C to 38 °C   |
|   - Humidity reaches 80% to 90%           |
|                                           |
+---|-----------------------------------|---+

Cool Air Inflow Through Floor & Sill Gaps

Thermal loading from passenger metabolic output¶

Ngakhale kuti mpweya umakhalabe wochuluka, kutentha kumachulukana mu elevator yodzaza ndi anthu ambiri ndi kofunika kwambiri. Thupi la munthu wamkulu pakupuma limatulutsa pafupifupi ma Watts 100 mpaka 120 a kutentha kwa metabolic. Pansi pa kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe ndi nkhawa, kugunda kwamtima kokwezeka komanso kutulutsa kwa adrenaline kumakankhira kutentha kwamunthu aliyense kufika pa 150 watts.

Mu chikepe chonyamula anthu 15, khamu la anthu limagwira ntchito ngati chotenthetsera cha 2.2-kilowatt chomwe chikuyenda mosalekeza mkati mwa mpanda wazitsulo wotalika pafupifupi 2 metres ndi 2 metres (mamita 6.6 ndi 6.6 mapazi):

Mkati mwa mphindi 15, kutentha kwa mkati kungakwere kuchoka pa 21 °C (70 °F) kufika kupitirira 32 °C (90 °F).

Thukuta lomwe limatuluka pakhungu ndi zovala limapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale chokwera kuposa 85 peresenti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thukuta lisatuluke bwino komanso kusokoneza njira yoziziritsira thupi.

Kuphatikizika kwa kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali kumayika magazi m'munsi, kumachepetsa kutulutsa kwaubongo ndikuyambitsa vasovagal syncope (kukomoka).

Njira zothandiza kusamalira kutentha ndi malo¶

Kuti kutentha kwa kanyumbako kusakhale koyenera pamene akudikirira kupulumutsidwa, okhalamo ayenera kugwirizanitsa chilengedwe chawo:

• Masulani zovala zotsekereza. Aliyense avule mwakachetechete zipi ya jekete zolemera za m'nyengo yachisanu, kuchotsa masilafu aubweya, kuvula zipewa, ndi kumasula makosi. Tsegulani mabatani a kolala kuti muwonetse khungu lapakhosi ku mpweya wozungulira.
• Khalani pansi ngati danga likuloleza. Ngati galimotoyo siinadzalandidwe mopitirira malire, konzekerani okwera kuti amene akumva opepuka kapena ofooka akhale pansi motsamira makoma am'mbali. Kukhala pansi kumachepetsa mphamvu yokoka ya thupi, kumateteza kuvulala kwa mutu kukomoka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo kumaika munthu pamalo ozizira kwambiri pafupi ndi malo olowera pansi.
• Landirani mozungulira ngati mwanyamula mapewa ndi phewa. Mu elevator yopakidwa mothina kwambiri moti munthu sangathe kukhalapo, limbikitsani okwera kuti ayime ndi mawondo opindika pang'ono m'malo mokhoma. Kutsekeka kwa mawondo kumapangitsa kuti magazi abwererenso kudzera m'mitsempha ya popliteal, zomwe zimapangitsa kukomoka mwachangu.
• Yesetsani kutentha kounikira. Zounikira zowala kapena zowala zakale za padenga la halogen zimatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu. Ngati chikepe chayimitsidwa ndi magetsi oyambira, yang'anani cholumikizira chamkati cha cab (nthawi zambiri chimakhala pagawo lothandizira pansi pa latch) kapena kungodalira kuyatsa kwadzidzidzi kwagalimoto ngati mphamvu yayikulu yaduka. Zimitsani zowonera pa foni yam'manja ndi magetsi a kamera kuti muchepetse kutentha pang'ono ndikusunga moyo wa batri.

Njira zolumikizirana: kufikira dziko lakunja¶

Elevator ikayima, okwera ayenera kukhazikitsa njira ziwiri zodalirika zoyankhulirana ndi oyankha mwadzidzidzi. Ma elevator amakono amakhala ndi njira zingapo zoyankhulirana zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitheke.

Kugwiritsa ntchito foni yam'galimoto yachangu¶

Pansi pa lamulo la Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ndi ma code achitetezo apadziko lonse lapansi, zokwezera zamalonda ziyenera kukhala ndi njira ziwiri zodzipatulira, zopanda manja:

Foni yadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri imakhala kuseri kwa chitseko chaching'ono cholumikizira pagawo lalikulu lagalimoto kapena yophatikizidwa ngati batani lodziwika bwino lokhala ndi chizindikiro cha foni chowunikira.

Dinani ndikugwira batani kwa masekondi atatu kapena asanu. Dongosololi limangoyimba malo owonera mwadzidzidzi omwe adakonzedwa kale, desiki lachitetezo chomanga, kapena poyankhira ma municipalities 911.

Mukalumikizidwa, lankhulani momveka bwino poyang'ana sipikala. Mafoni amakono a elevator amagwira ntchito ngati speakerphone. Osafuula, chifukwa kukuwa kumawongolera maikolofoni ndikupanga mawu olakwika kumapeto kwa dispatcher.

Perekani zambiri za malo omwe akuwonetsedwa pa mbale ya satifiketi yagalimoto:

1. Adilesi ya msewu wa nyumbayo.
2. Banki yeniyeni ya elevator (mwachitsanzo, High-Rise Bank, Garage Bank, kapena Freight Car 2).
3. Nambala yozindikiritsa galimoto kapena nambala yolembetsera boma yodinda pagawo lopangira zitsulo.
4. Chiyerekezo chapansi malo potengera kumene galimoto anali kuyenda pamene anaima.
5. Chiwerengero chonse cha omwe adakwera mkatimo komanso ngati aliyense ali ndi pakati, okalamba, kapena akukumana ndi vuto lachipatala.

+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                 ELEVATOR EMERGENCY PHONE              |
|                                                       |
|  [ PHONE ICON ]  PUSH AND HOLD BUTTON FOR 3 SECONDS   |
|                                                       |
|  BUILDING: 1200 GRAND AVENUE                          |
|  ELEVATOR ID: CAB NO. 4 (NORTH TOWER)                 |
|  STATE REGISTRATION NO: 884920-A                      |
|                                                       |
|  GREEN LIGHT = CALL CONNECTED   TALK TO SPEAKER ABOVE |
+-------------------------------------------------------+

Pamene mafoni a m'manja amasonyeza kuti palibe ntchito¶

Malo oimikapo magalimoto apansi panthaka komanso zomangira zakuya nthawi zambiri zimatsekereza ma siginecha am'manja, kuwasiya okwera ndi "No Service" pazida zam'manja. Ma elevator ali otsekeredwa m'makoma olimba a konkriti olimba kwambiri kapena ma gypsum drywall omwe amakhala ngati makola a Faraday, omwe amamwaza mphamvu zamawayilesi.

Ngati foni yam'galimoto yam'galimoto ikalephera kulumikizana ndipo mafoni amawonetsa ziro kulandila:

Osagunda pazenera la foni mwachangu kapena kuyimbanso mosalekeza, zomwe zimatha moyo wa batri mkati mwa ola limodzi.

Perekani munthu m'modzi yemwe ali ndi chonyamulira champhamvu kwambiri kuti ayese mameseji (SMS). Mameseji amagwira ntchito pamayendedwe opepuka ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kudutsa pama foni am'manja pomwe kuyimba kumalephera.

Tumizani meseji kwa munthu amene mumamukhulupirira kunja kwa nyumbayi kuti: "Atsekeredwa mu elevator pa [Building Address], [Nambala Yagalimoto], pakati pa zipinda zosanjikizana [X ndi Y]. Foni ya m'galimoto siyikuyankha. Chonde imbani 911 ndi oyang'anira nyumba nthawi yomweyo."

Gwiritsani ntchito batani la alamu lakuthupi pagawo lothandizira. Mapanelo amakono amakhala ndi batani la belu lomwe limamveketsa nyanga yakunja ya 80-decibel mpaka 90-decibel yokwera pamwamba pagalimoto ndi kunja kwa njira yokwerera potera pofikira alendo. Imbani alamu mokulira mokulira (mphete zitatu, kuyimitsani masekondi khumi, mphete zitatu) kuti muchenjeze ogwira ntchito yokonza kapena omanga nyumba mumsewu.

Ntchito zopulumutsa zaukatswiri: makaniko motsutsana ndi ozimitsa moto¶

Kumvetsetsa momwe anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino amapulumutsira chikepe kumathandiza okwera omwe atsekeredwa kuyembekezera phokoso, kugwedezeka, ndi kayendedwe kamene kamachitika panthawi yotuluka.

Kupulumutsa ma elevator kumachitika ndi magulu awiri osiyana: makina okonza ma elevator omwe ali ndi chilolezo ndi dipatimenti yozimitsa moto yamatauni. Njira zawo zimasiyana malinga ndi kufulumira kwa zochitikazo.

Kupulumutsidwa kokhazikika ndi makaniko omwe ali ndi chilolezo¶

Pokhapokha ngati pachitika ngozi yoopsa yoika moyo pachiwopsezo (monga moto mnyumbamo kapena kumangidwa kwamtima mkati mwa cab), oyang'anira malo nthawi zonse amayimbira kaye katswiri wazonyamula chikepe yemwe ali ndi chilolezo. Amakanika amamvetsetsa ma kinematics a elevator ndipo amatha kubwezeretsa kuyenda kwagalimoto popanda kuwononga zida kapena kuyika omwe ali pachiwopsezo:

Makaniko amayamba ndi kulowa m'chipinda cha makina chomwe chili padenga kapena m'chipinda chapansi. Amayang'ana zizindikiro zozindikiritsa pa bolodi lowongolera la microprocessor kuti adziwe chomwe chimasinthira chitetezo.

Ngati galimoto ili m'malo olowera, pafupifupi masentimita 45 (18 mainchesi) pamwamba kapena pansi potera pansi, katswiri atha kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zipinda zamakina kuti apatse mphamvu woyendetsa pakhomo kapena kukweza pamanja mabuleki omakina kuti asunthire mulingo wagalimoto yopingasa ndikutera.

Akayimitsidwa, makaniko amagwiritsa ntchito kiyi yotsitsa chikepe kapena kiyi ya mwezi kuti atsegule chitseko chokwerera kuchokera panja, zomwe zimalola okwera kuyenda motetezeka kudutsa pamalo otsetsereka kulowa mukhonde loyatsa.

Kupulumutsidwa kwadzidzidzi ndi ozimitsa moto¶

Ngati wokwerayo akudwala mwadzidzidzi, kapena ngati utsi wochuluka wapezeka mumsewu, dipatimenti yozimitsa moto imapanga njira yopulumutsira:

Ozimitsa moto amachita nawo Phase I Emergency Recall. Poika kiyi yozimitsa moto yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga kiyi yokhazikika ya FEO-K1 ku United States) mu kiyi yolowera kumalo olandirira alendo ndikuyitembenuza kuti "ON", ozimitsa moto amalamula zikwere zonse mu bankiyo kuti zisamayimbire mafoni amgalimoto, kuletsa mabatani a holo, ndi kubwereranso pamalo olandirira alendo omwe zitseko zili zotseguka kwambiri.

Ngati Phase I ndikukumbukira ikalephera chifukwa mabuleki amakina amatsekedwa kapena mphamvu yatha, ozimitsa moto amapita pansi pamwamba pa galimoto yoyimitsidwa.

Oyankha amaika kiyi yotsegulira yadzidzidzi munjira yaying'ono yozungulira yomwe ili pakona yakumtunda kwa khomo lolowera. Kutembenuza makiyi kumayendetsa chodzigudubuza chotengera makina, kulola ozimitsa moto kuti atsegule pamanja zitseko zotsika zolemera.

Ozimitsa moto amayika makwerero a aluminiyamu, zingwe zotetezera chitetezo, ndi maukonde oteteza kugwa panjira yotseguka ya mtunda asanathandize okwera kutuluka imodzi imodzi. Wokwera aliyense amatetezedwa ndi wopulumutsa asanawoloke sill.

Social dynamics, claustrophobia, ndi kasamalidwe kamagulu¶

Malo amalingaliro mkati mwa malo otsekedwa, otsekedwa amatsimikizira ngati kutsekeredwa kumakhalabe vuto laling'ono kapena kukukulirakulira kukhala vuto lowopsa. Mukagwidwa ndi gulu la anthu osawadziwa, utsogoleri wofunikira komanso kuzindikira zochitika ndizofunika kwambiri.

De-escalating pachimake mantha ndi claustrophobia¶

Claustrophobia imayambitsidwa ndi lingaliro la kuletsa, osati ndi ngozi yeniyeni yakuthupi. Munthu akakhala ndi mantha aakulu, dongosolo lawo lamanjenje lachifundo limasefukira m'magazi awo ndi epinephrine:

Zizindikiro zakuthupi zimaphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kugunda kwa mtima, kunjenjemera kwa manja, kuwona kwanga, komanso kufuna kuthyola zitseko.

Ngati wokwerayo ayamba kutulutsa mpweya wambiri kapena kugunda pazitseko, yesetsani modekha:

Lankhulani m'mawu otsika, oyezera, ovomerezeka. Kufuula mwadzidzidzi kumakweza kupsinjika kwa gulu. Auzeni modekha kuti zingwe ndi mabuleki odziwikiratu akugwira cab motetezeka, ndipo thandizo lili m'njira.

Phunzitsani munthuyo kupyolera mu kupuma kwa bokosi. Apatseni mpweya kwa masekondi anayi, gwirani kwa masekondi anayi, tulutsani mpweya kwa masekondi anayi, ndikupuma kwa masekondi anayi. Kubwereza ndondomekoyi kwa mphindi ziwiri kumayambitsanso kudzutsidwa kwamanjenje.

Awongolereni mawonekedwe awo kutali ndi zitseko zotsekedwa. Auzeni kuti ayang'ane pa chinthu chomwe sichinalowererepo: wotchi yapamanja, pateni padenga, kapena nsapato zawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotekisi yowoneka mwatsatanetsatane kumasokoneza amygdala mantha loop.

Etiquette ndi gulu gulu mu pafupi¶

Makhalidwe ang'onoang'ono amaletsa mikangano pakati pa anthu mukakhala m'malo olimba kwa nthawi yayitali:

Khazikitsani malire a malo anu. Sungani manja pansi, zikwama zikhazikike pakati pa mapazi pansi, ndipo pewani kukhudzana kosafunikira. Ngati wina akufunika kutembenuka kapena kusintha malo, auzeni kuti alengeze mwaulemu kaye.

Sankhani munthu m'modzi ngati woyamba kulumikizana. Musakhale ndi anthu angapo omwe akukuwa pafoni yam'manja kapena kukuwa kudzera pazitseko. Liwu limodzi lomveka bwino, lodekha lolankhula ndi wotumiza limatsimikizira kutengerapo kolondola kwa chidziwitso.

Chepetsani zidziwitso za foni yam'manja ndi mawu amakanema. Zidziwitso zaphokoso zapa TV kapena nyimbo zamafoni zimakwiyitsa okwera omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso kukhetsa mabatire. Sinthani mafoni kuti azigwedezeka kapena kukhala chete.

Zokambirana zanu zizikhala zopanda mbali komanso zokhazikika. Pewani kukambirana za mafilimu angozi, mphekesera za ngozi zapa chikepe, kapena kuyerekezera zinthu zina zoopsa kwambiri. Yang'anani pazokambirana zenizeni zenizeni: nthawi yamakono, ETA yaukadaulo, komanso chitonthozo chopumira.

Zizindikiro za elevator, miyezo, ndi kuyang'anira mwadzidzidzi¶

Kupanga ma elevator, nthawi yoyendera, ndi njira zopulumutsira mwadzidzidzi zimayendetsedwa ndi malamulo okhwima ndi mabungwe olamulira padziko lonse lapansi.

United States: ASME A17.1 ndi NFPA ma code chitetezo moyo¶

Ku United States, mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a elevator amagwera pansi pa American Society of Mechanical Engineers standard ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 (Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators), yoyendetsedwa ndi madipatimenti aboma a ogwira ntchito, madipatimenti omanga matauni, ndi ozimitsa moto am'deralo.

Zokwera zonse zamakono zonyamula anthu ziyenera kutsatira malamulo a ADA Title III olumikizirana mwadzidzidzi, omwe amafunikira mafoni opanda manja omwe amayesedwa pafupipafupi.

Kuwongolera kogwirira ntchito kwa ozimitsa moto kumakhazikika. ASME A17.1 ikulamula Gawo I lokumbukira mwadzidzidzi masiwichi okumbukira mwadzidzidzi pamalo olandirira alendo komanso masiwichi adzidzidzi a Phase II opezeka kuseri kwa kabati yokhoma mkati mwa kabati pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi okhazikika.

Kuthamangitsidwa kwadzidzidzi popanda makaniko omwe ali ndi chilolezo kumaloledwa mwalamulo kwa ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi (ozimitsa moto ndi magulu opulumutsa apolisi). Kuyimbira 911 kumalumikiza oyimba ndi otumiza mwadzidzidzi omwe amalumikizana ndi wailesi yamoto ndi magulu ankhondo opulumutsa.

Canada: CSA B44 ndi akuluakulu achitetezo azigawo¶

Ku Canada, chitetezo cha elevator chimayendetsedwa ndi Canadian Standards Association standard CSA B44, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira chitetezo m'chigawo monga Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) ku Ontario, Technical Safety BC ku British Columbia, ndi Regie du batiment du Quebec (RBQ).

Magalimoto a elevator amayesedwa mosamalitsa chaka chilichonse komanso mayeso ovomerezeka amagetsi oteteza zida. Zipinda zapaulendo zimakhala ndi njira ziwiri zowonera komanso zoyankhulirana zamawu kwa apaulendo omwe ali ndi vuto losamva.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi kumatauni onse aku Canada kumafika poimbira foni 911. Malamulo a zigawo amalamula kuti eni nyumba alembe misonkho yonse ndikupereka malipoti okhudza kuvulala kwachitetezo kwa oyang'anira chitetezo mkati mwa maola 24.

United Kingdom ndi European Union: Miyezo ya EN 81 ndi LOLER¶

Ku United Kingdom komanso ku European Union, ma elevators amatsatira European Norms EN 81-20 (Malamulo achitetezo pomanga ndi kuyika zonyamulira) ndi EN 81-50 (Kuwunika ndi kuyesa kwa zida zonyamulira). Ku UK, zida zonyamulira zogwirira ntchito zimayendetsedwa pansi pa Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER 1998).

Ma elevator aku Europe amakhala ndi mabatani obiriwira obiriwira olumikizidwa ndi ma foni adzidzidzi omwe amatsatira EN 81-28. Zigawo zoyankhuliranazi zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malo okonzera chikepe nthawi zonse.

Zonyamula zozimitsa moto zimatsata EN 81-72, zokhala ndi zida zamagetsi zodzipatulira, zitseko zosagwira moto, ndi chitetezo chamadzi pamapanelo owongolera magetsi mkati mwa khwalala. Ku UK, kutumiza kwadzidzidzi kumapezeka kudzera pa 999 kapena 112, pomwe kuyimba 112 kumalumikiza oyimba ku chithandizo chadzidzidzi m'maiko onse a EU.

Australia: AS 1735 ndi SafeWork Kuyang'anira boma¶

Ku Australia, kukonza ndi kukonza ma elevator kumagwera pansi pa Australian Standard AS 1735 (Zokwera, ma escalator ndi mayendedwe oyenda), motsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu aboma azaumoyo ndi chitetezo kuntchito monga SafeWork NSW, WorkSafe Victoria, ndi Workplace Health and Safety Queensland.

AS 1735 imalamula zida zodziyimira zokha zomwe zimayesa kubweretsa magalimoto oyimitsidwa pamalo otsetsereka apafupi ndi mphamvu ya batri yothandiza panthawi yamagetsi.

Njira zoyankhulirana ziyenera kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi malo ovomerezeka omwe amagwira ntchito maola 24 patsiku. Kuyankha kwadzidzidzi kwa okwera omwe atsekeredwa kumalumikizidwa kudzera m'magulu ozimitsa moto am'tauni (Fire and Rescue NSW, Country Fire Authority, Queensland Fire and Emergency Services) omwe amapezeka poyimba 000.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi mpweya udzatha ngati chikepe chikhala chokanirira kwa maola ambiri?¶

Ayi. Makabati a elevator ndi ma shaft oyima amapangidwa ndi malo olowera mpweya osatha, otseguka kuzungulira pansi ndi denga. Thermal convection mosalekeza imakokera mpweya woziziritsa mkati kudzera m'mipata yapansi ndikutulutsa mpweya wofunda kupyola padenga kulowa munjira yokwera. Ngakhale kuti mpweya umakhala wofunda, wonyowa, komanso wodzaza chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi, mpweya wa okosijeni umakhala wotetezeka kuti munthu azipuma kwamuyaya.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati zingwe za elevator zaduka tili mkati?¶

Ma elevator okwera amayimitsidwa ndi zingwe zachitsulo zingapo zodziyimira pawokha, iliyonse yomwe imatha kuthandizira galimoto yodzaza yokha. Ngakhale chingwe chilichonse chingadulidwe, bwanamkubwa wothamanga kwambiri amatha kuyambitsa zitsulo zolimba zachitsulo pansi pagalimoto. Ma wedge awa amamatira panjanji zowongolera zitsulo zolimba, kutsekera galimoto ku shaft frame mkati mwa centimita osafuna mphamvu yamagetsi.

Kodi tingatsegule zitseko ndikukwera potsetsereka?¶

Ayi. Kuyesa kukwera mu chikepe chomwe chayimitsidwa pakati pa pansi ndicho chikuchititsa ngozi zakupha za zombo. Galimotoyo imatha kuyenda mosayembekezereka ngati vuto lamagetsi likutha, ndikupangitsa ngozi yometa ubweya wakufa motsutsana ndi mutu wa hoistway. komanso, danga pansi galimoto pansi ndi lotseguka ofukula dontho mu dzenje. Khalani mkati mwa kabati momwe mumatetezedwa mpaka akatswiri atateteza chikepe.

Chifukwa chiyani foni yam'mwamba yadzidzidzi imatenga mphindi zochepa kuti ilumikizidwe?¶

Mukapondereza batani la foni yam'galimoto yadzidzidzi, autodialer iyenera kulanda foni yakunja, kudutsa m'malo osinthika anthambi, ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa digito ndi malo owunikira maola 24. Kuyimba ndi kuyimba uku kumafuna masekondi 15 mpaka 45. Akalumikizidwa, wotumizayo akuyenera kuwunikanso telemetry yolembetsa galimoto yanu pa terminal yawo asanalankhule. Dinani batani mwamphamvu kamodzi ndikudikirira moleza mtima.

Kodi ndi bwino kudumpha mmwamba ndi pansi kuti chikepe chomata chisunthe?¶

Ayi. Kudumphira m'galimoto ya elevator sikukonza makhola opangira makina. M'malo mwake, kukweza kwadzidzidzi kugwedezeka kumatha kusokoneza masensa amagetsi kapena kuyambitsa chitetezo cha olamulira, ndikumangirira galimotoyo molimba kwambiri motsutsana ndi njanji zowongoka. Kudumpha kumawonjezera nkhawa pakati pa anthu ena okwera ndipo kungayambitse kugwa kowawa kapena minyewa ya akakolo pansi molimba.

Chitsimikizo cha thandizo loyamba¶

Miyendo ya elevator nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zovuta zachipatala zosayembekezereka, kuyambira kukomoka kwambiri komanso kulimba kwachifuwa kochititsa mantha kupita ku syncope ya vasovagal komanso kutopa kwa kutentha. Kudziwa kuperekera chithandizo chachangu m'malo otchingidwa kungathe kukhazikika okwera nawo magulu opulumutsa asanafike.

Timalimbikitsa kwambiri anthu onse omanga malo ogwira ntchito, okhala m'nyumba, komanso ochita malonda kuti azitsatira ziphaso zovomerezeka pa chithandizo choyamba komanso chotsitsimula mtima (CPR) kudzera m'mabungwe ovomerezeka monga American Red Cross, St John Ambulance, British Red Cross, kapena Canadian Red Cross. Maphunziro ovomerezeka amakuphunzitsani kuzindikira kupsinjika kwenikweni kwachipatala, kuchita CPR yamanja yokha, kusamalira kutsekeka kwa mayendedwe a mpweya, komanso kupereka chithandizo chokhazikika pamikhalidwe yopsinjika kwambiri.

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, United States): ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): NFPA 101 Life Safety Code ndi malangizo oyendetsa mwadzidzidzi.
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Hoistway Fall Protection ndi Confined Space Safety Regulations.
• European Committee for Standardization (CEN, European Union): EN 81-20 ndi EN 81-50 Malamulo a Chitetezo pa Ntchito Yomanga ndi Kuyika Zokwera.
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala zida zonyamulira (Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998).
• Miyezo ku Australia (Australia): AS 1735.1 Zofunikira pachitetezo chambiri.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Zadzidzidzi za elevator: kuyankha kotetezeka kumagalimoto oyimitsidwa ndi kuzimitsa kwamagetsi
• Khamu la anthu likuphwanya ndi kupulumuka mwachipongwe m'malo otsekedwa
• Momwe mungayimbire foni mwadzidzidzi ndi foni yakufa kapena yotsika batire
• Wosokonekera wopanda foni, chikwama kapena makiyi pamalo osadziwika
• Nambala zadzidzidzi malinga ndi dziko