Dhibaatada Badbaadinta Xeebta: VHF DSC Mayday, Hawlgelinta EPIRB, iyo Ka Tagitaanka Nolosha Nololeed¶

Ku-socoshada xeebaha ama samaynta marin-xeebeedka korka doonyaha madadaalada, catamaran, ama markab ganacsi oo yaryar waxay kaa saaraysaa jawaabta degdega ah ee degmada. Marka uu dalool ka baxo, dab koronto ah ayaa qolka ka buuxiya qiiq, riig ku dumay badaha culus, ama baraf-xawaaraha sare leh oo ujeedo colaadeed leh, badbaadadu waxay ku xidhan tahay hababka cidhiidhiga badda ee caalamiga ah. Satellite-ka casriga ah iyo shabakadaha samatabbixinta raadiyaha ee ay isku dubaridaan Nidaamka Badbaadada iyo Dhibaatada Badaha Caalamiga ah (GMDSS) waxay tilmaami karaan markab la dhuftey meel kasta oo meeraha ka mid ah daqiiqado gudahood, waase haddii shaqaaluhu ay kiciyaan calaamadaha elektaroonigga ah ee saxda ah iyo codka ka hor intaysan ka tagin cirridka.

Argagax iyo ka tagid degdeg ah ayaa ah labada khalad ee ugu dhimashada badan xaaladaha degdegga ah ee biyaha buluuga ah. Baadhitaannada khasaaraha badda waxay muujinayaan in doonyaha si joogto ah ay u sii soconayaan muddo dheer ka dib marka shaqaalahoodu ay uga tagaan nolol-badeed. Ilaa marka markabkaagu aanu si firfircoon u quusin cagahaaga hoostiisa, uu koontaroolla'aan ku gubanayo, ama uu ku kala go'ayo biyo-biyoodka, la dagaallama si aad doonta u sabbayso adiga oo ku baahinaya digniinaha cidhiidhiga ah ee satalaytka iyo raadiyaha. Hagahan waxa uu bixiyaa borotokool tallaabo-tallaabo ah oo loogu talagalay gudbinta hadalka iyo dhijitaalka ah ee VHF Mayday, kicinta 406 megahertz (MHz) Boos Degdeg ah oo Muujinaya Raadiyaha Beacon (EPIRB), ka jawaabista hababka baddaha colaadeed, iyo fulinta kala-guurka la kantaroolay ee nolosha nolosha.

Hadda samee tan¶

1. Si degdeg ah u xidh jaakada badbaadada iyo suunka badbaadada. Ku xidh xadhigga jackline ama barta kookaha ka hor intaadan ku dhaqaaqin sagxada sare. Haddii aad ku jirto caymiska gacanta ee dhulka, wac lambarka degdegga ah ee degaankaaga (911 Maraykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) ama naga hubi nambarada degdega ah hagaha, ka dibna u beddel raadiyaha badda ee VHF.
2. Riix oo hay badhanka DISTRESS-ka guga-guud ee raadiyahaaga badda 5 ilbiriqsi oo buuxa. Tani waxay gudbisaa Wicitaan Dijital ah oo Xulasho ah (DSC) kadeedka ka qarxay VHF Channel 70 ka kooban 9-god ee Adeegga Moobaylka Maritime Maritime Identity (MMSI) iyo GPS isku duwaya markab kasta iyo xarunta ilaalada xeebaha 40 ilaa 2 mayl (40) nautical station.
3. ** Baahinta wicitaanka MAYDAY ee lagu hadlay VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) at 25 watts power tirada dadka saaran doonta, oo ku dhammaata "OVER."
4. ** Hawl geliya dayax gacmeedkaaga 406 MHz EPIRB iyo calaamadda gaarka ah ee AIS/PLB haddii aad ku sugan tahay xeebta ama aad la kulanto khatar weyn.** Ka saar EPIRB garabkeeda, si toos ah anteenada u dhig, u beddel buug-gacmeedka ON, oo ku xidh boorsadaada gacanta ama naf-qaadista si ay ugu gudbiso shabakadda satellite-ka ee Cospas.
5. ** Diyaari bacda jeexjeexa oo daalin dabaysha dhinaca leexleexda (dabaysha) oo kaliya sida meesha ugu dambaysa.** Keen bacda degdegga ah, caagadaha biyaha la cabbo ee dheeraadka ah, raadiyaha VHF ee aan biyaha lahayn ee gacanta lagu qabto, iyo ololaya qolka qolka. Si adag ugu xidh khadka rinjiile-haweedka nolosha ka hor inta aanad ku tuurin dusha sare.
6. ** Had iyo jeer kor u kac xagga nolosha; Waligaa ha dhex gelin biyaha ilaa qoloftu hoostaada ka baaba'o Kaliya goo xarriiqda rinjiile marka markabka hooyadu uu jir ahaan u jiidayo nolosha bararka hoostiisa.

flowchart TD
    A["Gurmadka Markabka Debadeed La Helay"] --> B{"Dabeecada Khatarta degdega ah?"}
    B -->|"Quusidda, Dabka, Burburinta, ama Qalalaasaha Caafimaad"| C["Xubin Kasta oo Crew ah ayaa ku deeqa Jaakada Nolosha, Suunka, iyo PLB"]
    B -->|"Skiff Shaki leh oo ku soo wajahan Biyaha Khatarta Sare leh"| D["Xir Waddada Saaxiibka, Geeska Codka, Koorsada Beddelka"]
    C --> E["Qabo badhanka dhibka cas ee VHF DSC 5 ilbiriqsi (Ch 70)"]
    D --> F["Ka wac UKMTO / MSCHOA adigoo isticmaalaya Taleefanka Satelite-ka oo kiciya SSAS/EPIRB"]
    E --> G["Gudbinta lagaga hadlo MAYDAY VHF Channel 16 (25W Awood Sare)"]
    G --> H["Daar 406 MHz Satalaytka EPIRB oo soo celi Bacda Diishka"]
    F --> H
    H --> I{"Markabka Hooyada ma lagu badbaadin karaa Xakamaynta waxyeelada?"}
    I -->|"Haa: Bambooyin shaqeeya ama Dab ka kooban yahay"| J["La joog Doonyaha, Ilaali Daawashada Raadiyaha, U diyaargaroob Qaadista Helikopterrada"]
    I -->|"Maya: Hull-ka Hoosteeda ee Qad-biyoodka ama Dab aan la xakamayn karin"| K["Hubi Rinjiyeyaal si aad u nadiifiso, ku billow Liferaft dhinaca Leeward, Talaabo Qallalan"]

Kala soocida raadiyaha cidhiidhiga badda: Mayday, Pan-Pan, iyo Securite¶

Xeerarka isgaarsiinta caalamiga ah ee ay xukumaan Ururka Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga ah (ITU) iyo Ururka Badaha Caalamiga ah (IMO) ayaa u qeybiya baahinta xaaladaha degdegga ah ee badda saddex heerar oo mudnaanta leh. Isticmaalka ereyga saxda ah ee saxda ah waxay u sheegaysaa xarumaha iskuduwidda samatabbixinta iyo maraakiibta u dhow inay si degdeg ah u leexiyaan ama ay u istaagaan gargaar degdeg ah.

Sida Wicista Xulashada Dijital ah (DSC) ay uga shaqeyso VHF Channel 70¶

idaacadaha VHF ee casriga ah iyo qaybaha gacanta lagu qabto waxay ku jiraan ** Wicista Xulashada Dijital ah (DSC)**. Iyadoo daawashada codku ay ka dhacayaan VHF Channel 16 (156.800 MHz), raadiyahu wuxuu isla mar la socdaa VHF Channel 70 (156.525 MHz) xogta dhijitaalka ah ee dilaacsa.

Marka raadiyahaaga VHF lagu xidho qaataha GPS-ka oo lagu barnaamijiyo 9-god ** Lambarka Aqoonsiga Adeegga Mobilka ee Maritime (MMSI)lambarka, qaadida daboolka guga oo hay batoonka ** DISTRESS cas muddo 5 ilbiriqsi ah wuxuu fuliyaa saddex hawlood:

1. ** Gudbinta GPS-ka ee degdega ah:** Waxay tirtirtaa khaladaadka aadanaha ee akhrinta loolka iyo tirooyinka dhaadheer ee qol mugdi ah.
2. ** Waxay ka dalooshaa qaylo-dhaan maqal ah:** Waxay ka dhawaajisaa qaylo-dhaan ku saabsan buundada markab kasta oo xamuul, booyad, iyo munaaradda xeebta ee Ilaalada Xeebta oo u dhexaysa xadka-aragga.
3. Isku-beddelka kanaalka tooska ah: Xoogag ka helaya raadiyaha maraakiibta u dhow si ay ugu beddelaan Channel 16 si ay saraakiisha buundada u maqlaan fariintaada ku hadalka 15 ilbiriqsi ka dib.

Haddii aad haysato 10 ilbiriqsi ka hor intaadan qaban badhanka cas, isticmaal furaha menu-ka raadiyaha si aad u doorato Dabeecada Dhibaatada (Duufaan, Dab/Qarax, Burcad-badeed/Weerar Hubaysan, Nin Duur-Dhuleed,ama Markabka Laga Tagay*. Haddii kale, haysashada badhanka cas waxay soo diraysaa digniinta Dhibaatooyinka Aan La Magacaabin ee hagaajinta GPS-kaaga.

Qoraal sax ah oo loogu hadlaayo VHF Channel 16 Mayday¶

Marka digniinta dhijitaalka ah ee 5-da ilbiriqsi ee DSC ay dhameysato gudbinta, sug 15 ilbiriqsi, xaqiiji in raadiyahaaga lagu dejiyay Channel 16 iyo 25 Watts (Awood Sare), ka qabo makarafoonka 5 sentimitir (2 inji) afkaaga oo dabayshu ka jirto, oo si tartiib ah u akhri qoraalkan:

"MAYDAY, MAY, MAYDAY. Tani waa markab shiraac ah [Magaca Doonta], [Magaca Doonta], [Magaca Doonta], Callsign [Callsign], MMSI [9 lambar si gaar ah u akhri]. MAAYDAY, markab shiraac ah [Magaca Doonta]. ** Booskaygu waa Latitude [Degrees and Desimal minutes North/Koonfur], Longitude [Degrees and toban minutes East/West].** Wax la qariyay ayaanu ku garaacnay, si degdeg ahna biyaha ayaanu u qaadnay (ama dab-damis/burburin/burcad-badeed). Waxaan u baahanahay gargaar degdeg ah. Waxaa markabka saaran [Lambar] dad waaweyn iyo [Lambar] carruur ah. Markabkeenu waa [Length in meter and feet] [midabka hull] sloop/catamaran. ** Waxaan bilaabaynaa nolol liimi ah waxaanan kicinaynaa 406 EPIRB.** ** DHAMMAAN."**

Sii daa badhanka riix-ku-hadalka oo dhegayso 30 ilbiriqsi. Haddii aysan jirin xarun ka jawaabto kanaalka 16, ku celi wicitaankii lagu hadlay Mayday ee 2-daqiiqo. Haddii aad ka badan tahay 40 kiiloomitir (22 mayl-badeed) oo ka baxsan xadka VHF oo aad sidato gudbiyaha Marine Single Sideband (SSB/HF), gudbi digniinta dhibta DSC 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312.0 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 7.5kHz, 12 kHz. kHz, oo ay ku xigto Mayday lagu hadlo 2182 kHz, 4125 kHz, 6215 kHz, 8291 kHz, 12290 kHz, ama 16420 kHz.

Sida loo baahiyo Relay-ga Mayday marka aad maqasho doon kale oo dhibaato haysato¶

Haddii aad maqashid baaqa Mayday ee daciifka ah ee Channel 16 oo ka yimid doon ay ku dhufatay oo aan wax jawaab ah ka helin maamulka xeebta laba daqiiqo ka dib, waxaad leedahay waajibaad sharci oo hoos yimaada ** SOLAS Cutubka V, Xeer 33** si aad u gudbiso wacitaanka dhibaatada:

1. Gali wakhtiga, markabka dhibban magaciisa, MMSI, isku duwayaasha GPS, iyo nooca xaalada degdega ah.
2. Ku gudbi kanaalka 16: **"MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY, MAYDAY RELAY

Calaamadaha cidhiidhiga satalaytka: 406 MHz EPIRBs, PLBs, iyo AIS SARTs¶

Marka markab uu dhulka u jiro in ka badan 35 ilaa 50 kiiloomitir (20 ilaa 30 mayl badeed), qalooca dhulku waxa uu xannibaa calaamadaha VHF ee gaadha anteenooyinka xeebaha. Fogaantaas, khadka noloshaada aasaasiga ah waa **Cospas-Sarsat nidaamka samatabbixinta dayax-gacmeedka *, oo laga galo 406 MHz Booska Degdegga ah ee Muujinaya Raadiyaha Beacon (EPIRB) ama ** Goob-jooge Shaqsiyeed (PLB)**.

Xeerarka muhiimka ah ee ka shaqaynta 406 MHz EPIRB ee nolol-raadinta¶

Raac sharciyadan si ay dayax gacmeedyadu ugu xidhaan ishaada:

• Anteenada ka dhig mid toosan oo ka fogow xannibaadda: EPIRB waxay gudbisaa dilaac dhijitaal ah oo 5-watt ah 50kii ilbiriqsi kasta 406 MHz. Dhigista EPIRB ee sagxadda tareenka nolosha ee hoostooda xubnaha shaqaalaha qoyan waxay xannibaysaa tamarta raadiyaha iyo chip GPS-ka gudaha. Ama ku sabbayn EPIRB-biyu-dhaqdhaqaaqa badda dhexdeeda oo ku xidhma marin-biyoodka agtiisa, ama si toos ah ugu garaac daabka saqafka leh oo anteenadu si toos ah u tilmaanto cirka.
• Weligaa ha damin EPIRB si aad u badbaadiso batteriga marka la furo: Markaad shid xaalad degdeg ah, ka tag EPIRB oo si joogto ah u socoto ilaa lagaaga qaado markabka samatabbixinta ama helikabtarka. Daminta iyo daminta nalka waxay joojisaa raadraaca dayax-gacmeedka waxayna joojisaa calaamadaha homingka ah ee 121.5 MHz iyo AIS strobe ee helikabtarrada samatabbixinta ay ku tiirsan yihiin inta lagu jiro habka ugu dambeeya.
• Haddii aad si lama filaan ah u kiciso EPIRB iyadoo aan cidhiidhi ahayn: Isla markiiba dami nalka, dabadeed wac xarunta kuugu dhow Xarunta Isku-dubbaridka Samatabbixinta (RCC) ama xarunta Ilaalada Xeebaha ee VHF raadiyaha ama taleefanka si aad uga warbixiso digniin been ah adoo isticmaalaya 15 xaraf Hex ID, si ay u baajiyaan raadinta wax ciqaab ah la'aan.

Xakamaynta burburka ka hor inta aan laga tagin: daadad la dagaallanka, dabka, iyo burburinta¶

Sababtoo ah doon 12-mitir (40-cagood) ah ayaa bixisa hoy heersare ah, biyo nadiif ah, iyo xasillooni marka loo eego nolol-raadinta, sharcigaaga koowaad waa inaad ** la dagaallanto si aad u badbaadiso markabka** adigoo isu diyaarinaya inaad ka tagto si barbar socda.

Daadadka qolofta degdega ah iyo guuldarrooyinka dhex-mareenka¶

Haddii qaylo-dhaanta biilka-sare ee biyaha-sare ay dhawaaqaan ama biyuhu ay ka kor baxaan saqafka dhulka:

1. Dhamaan bambooyin koronto iyo gacanta ku billow isla markiiba oo bilow matoorka naaftada.
2. Dhadhami ama hubi heerkulka biyaha biliijka ah: Tuubada haanta biyaha macaan ee dilaacday waxay ku daadin kartaa keliga 300 litir (80 gallon) oo ah biyo la cabbo oo aan dhib lahayn. Biyaha milixdu waxay xaqiijiyaan jebinta godka dibadda ama koolada badda.
3. ** U hel isha adiga oo go'doon habaysan:** Hubi shaabadda usheeda dhexe, qanjidhada rudder post, miiraha qaadashada injiinka, musqulaha musqusha, iyo bullaacadaha saxanka.
4. ** Ku wad fur alwaax deg-deg ah oo duuban oo ku dheji badeed-badeed guuldarraystay:** Meel kasta oo dhexda ka dhex jirta waa inuu lahaadaa ** fur alwaax jilicsan oo duuban oo ku xidhan jidhka waalka. Haddi uu xiirid xiirayo ama tuubbadu guuldarreysato, ku dhufo fur alwaax jilicsan albaabka si adag.
5. ** Geli derin dibadda ah oo shiraac ah (shiraac shiraac) oo jabka jaban:** Haddii shay hoos u dillaaco godka muraayadda fiberglass-ka hore, ku duub jib culus ama trysail duufaan si adag ugu wareegsan bannaanka qaansada oo ay ku hayaan xariijimo u horseedaya keel hoosteeda ilaa buunshadaha. Cadaadiska biyuhu waxa uu nuugaya marada shiraacda jabka, isaga oo jaraya soo galitaanka ilaa 80 boqolkiiba.

Dabka qolka korantada ee badda¶

Dab ka kaca doonta fiberglass ah ee xeebta waxay soo saartaa sunta sunta ah ee cyanide madow iyo qiiq kaarboon monoksaydh iyadoo ay dhalaalayso tuubooyinka biyaha hoostooda.

• ** Marka hore dami shidaalka iyo batteriga:** Soo jiid fiilada xidhitaanka shidaalka naaftada, dami furaha solenoid-ka ee propane oo xidh furka taangiga, oo dami Battery Isolator-ka wuu deminayaa (ka dib markaad dirto VHF DSC Mayday).
• Weligaa ha furin dillaac qaybta mishiinka kulul: Furitaanka sanduuqa mishiinka waxay quudinaysaa ogsijiinta dabka, taasoo keenta dab-damis. Ku daadi bakhtiiye-wakiil nadiif ah (FM-200, Novec 1230, ama CO2) ama bakhtiiye kiimiko-qalalan ah oo ABC si toos ah u sii marin ** dekedda dabka qolka matoorka *** daloolka furaha adoon kor u qaadin.
• Ka xeji doonnida hoose dabaysha si aad u yarayso ololka u faafo: Haddii dabku hore u kaco, beddel koorsada si ay dabayshu u qiiqa iyo ololka uga fogayso qolka fuushanka iyo aagga haadka nafleyda ee dambe ee dambe.

Burburinta badaha culus¶

Haddii xijaabka ama qaybo kaynta kaynta iyo shafka ay ku shilmaan dhinaca:

1. Koontada dhammaan shaqaalaha oo hubi dhaawacyada madaxa ama lafdhabarta.
2. **Ha kicin mishiinka ilaa aad ka hubiso in aanay jirin wax khad ah oo ka socda dabada danbe ee danbe.
3. Dhulka ka ilaali qaybta mast-ga jaban: Haddii tuubada mastaradu ay kor u kacdo mowjadaha oo ay ku hanjabto inay godka ka dalooliso khadka biyaha ka hooseeya, gooy doogga taagan oo xor ah. Adeegso ** qalabka wax lagu gooyo ee haydarooliga ah *, biinanka qabow iyo dubbe, ama ** biinanka cotter-ka ah iyo biinanka clevis ka soo saar biinanka leexashada si uu qalabku u dego. Ka tag 30- sentimitir (1-fiit) saxaro fiilada coax si ay xeerbeegtida u hagaajiyaan anteenada VHF ee degdega ah.

Budhcad-badeedda badda, habab laga shakiyo, iyo difaaca maraakiibta yaryar¶

Dhaca hubaysan ee badda iyo doomaha yar yar ee rabshadaha wata ayaa weli khatar ku ah marin badeed gaar ah: ** Gacanka Cadmeed, Basinka Soomaaliya, iyo Koonfurta Badda Cas (Bab-el-Mandeb), ** Gacanka Guinea (West Africa), ** Sulu iyo Celebes Seas (Koonfur-Bari Aasiya) koonfurta Caribbean iyo Ameerikada dhexe.

Diiwaangelinta ka hor inta aan la sii gudbin marin-badeedka khatarta sare leh¶

Kahor intaadan gelin meel kasta oo Halis Sare ah (HRA) ama Aagga Warbixinta Iskaa Wax u qabso ah (VRA), doonyaha badda waa inay ka diiwaan geliyaan qorshahooda marinka xarumaha kormeerka badda ee gobolka oo ay raacaan ** Hababka Maareynta ugu Fiican (BMP)** tilmaamaha:

• ** Badweynta Hindiya, Badda Cas, Gacanka Cadmeed, iyo Badda Carabta:** Iska diwaangeli ** Xarunta Amniga Badaha Geeska Afrika (MSCHOA)** (mschoa.org) una dir warbixinada booska maalinlaha ah United Kingdom Operations Trade Maritime Trade (UKMTO) iimayl ahaan (watchkeepers@ukmto.orgama telefoonka satellite-ka ah (+44 2392 222060).
• ** Gacanka Guinea (Galbeed Afrika):** Isdiiwaangeli oo uga warbixi **MDAT-GoG watchkeepers@mdat-gog.org ama telefoon +33 2 98 22 88 88.
• Koonfur-bari Aasiya (Malacca Strait, Singapore Strait, Sulu Sea): Ka warbixi Xarun Wadaagista Macluumaadka ReCAAP iyo Xarunta Fusionka Macluumaadka (IFC) Singapore (+65 6594 5728).
• ** Nidaamka Nidaamka Aqoonsiga Tooska ah (AIS):** Raac talooyinka hadda jira ee UKMTO ama MDAT-GoG ee ku saabsan haddii lagu dejiyo Heerka B AIS ** Qaabka Aamusnaanta (Hel Kaliya)** intaad u gudbayso aagagga budhcad-badeednimada, oo u beddel AIS ** dib ugu rog FULL* isla markiiba aad ogaato hab shaki leh ama aad dirto Mayday.

Qiimaynta hab laga shakiyo vs. doomaha kalluumaysiga maxalliga ah¶

Kalluumaysatada farsamada gacanta ee kulaylaha oo dhan waxa ay ku shaqeystaan doon si degdeg ah oo furan waxayna inta badan u jiheeyaan doonyaha si ay uga ganacsadaan kalluunka ama kaaga digaan shabaqyada. Kala sooc doon kalluumaysi oo ka timid xaflad fuushan cadawtinimo leh adoo isticmaalaya tilmaamayaashan:

Maneuvering Evasive iyo falalka badbaadada inta lagu jiro hab firfircoon ama fuulid¶

Haddii radar-ka-fiirinta aragga ahi ay ku dhuftaan kabaha-xawaaraha sareeyo ee ku xidhan si joogto ah oo aan lahayn qalab kalluumaysi oo muuqda:

1. Dhawaaq qaylo-dhaanta, ku billow mishiinka ugu weyn RPM, oo wada toos dhammaan shaqaalihii diyaaradda. Qof kastaa wuxuu xidhaa jaakad badbaado leh (oo wata PLB), dhar madow, iyo kabo, wuxuuna ka dhaqaaqaa sagxadaha hoostiisa marka laga reebo koofiyadda.
2. Beddel koorsada 30 ilaa 45 isla markaaba si aad u tijaabiso ulajeedka: Haddii skiffku wax ka badalo koorsada si uu u joogteeyo faragelinta joogtada ah ee dhanka dhabarkaaga, ula dhaqan sidii hab colaadeed.
3. ** Si toos ah ugu leexi dabaysha ugu cusleyd iyo mawjada ugu saraysa:** Xirmooyinka fiberglass-ka fudud ayaa luminaya faa'iidooyinkooda xawaaraha marka ay ku dhuftaan dhererka sare ee 1.5-ilaa 2.5-mitir (5-ilaa 8-foot) badaha madaxa, qaansooyinka kor u qaadida waxay adkeynayaan in la xiro jaranjaro ama hub ujeedo. Shiraacyada ka dhig go' siman oo matoorku si buuxda u qaboojinayo.
4. ** Baahiya Budhcad-badeedda Mayday degdeg ah oo kicisa satalaytka:**
   • Qabo badhanka dhibka ee VHF DSC oo ku sii daaya kanaalka 16: **" MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY
   • Daji 406 MHz EPIRB oo ku dhufo badhanka SOS ee ku yaal fariintaada Iridium/Garmin inReach.
   • garaac ** UKMTO (+44 2392 222060)** ama xarunta ilaalada badda ee gobolka talefoonkaaga dayax-gacmeedka oo ka tag khadka furan.
5. ** Iftiimin sagxadda sagxadda iyo xariiqyada daba socda:** Habeenkii, shid nalalka daadka oo si kooban u iftiimi dhinaca skiff-ka. Qulqulaya 50 mitir (165 cagood) oo sabbaynaya xariiqda polypropylene ee labada daraf ee dambe ilaa mashiinno xunxun.
6. Hadii dadka wax raaca ay hub la soo baxeen oo ay garab taagan yihiin, JOOJI KA BAXAADA oo si nabad ah isku dhiiba:
   • Marka ragga hubaysan ay ku jiraan meel bannaan oo rasaas ah ama kor u kaca, sii wadida dagaalka waa la dili doonaa shaqaalaha.
   • ** Dib ugu celi dhexdhexaad**, ka xidh dillaaca jidka weheliya gudaha haddii aad leedahay madax weyn oo dhufays ah (ama ku istaag gacmo madhan oo kor u kacaya dhererka garabka haddii aad sagxada saaran tahay), ** waligaa ha samayn dhaqdhaqaaq kedis ah ***, ka fogow indhaha gardarada ah, oo si deggan u sheeg in aanu jirin wax hub ah oo saaran.
   • Ku hay " boorsada wax lagu sakhraamo iyo kiishka elektaroonigga ah" ka kooban 200 ilaa 400 oo doollarka Maraykanka ah, kaar dhacay, iyo taleefoon duug ah meel u dhow miiska shaxda si tuugtu u qabato oo uga baxdo.

Diyaarinta bacda godka iyo fulinta bilawga nolosha nolosha¶

Haddii daadadku ka adkaadaan bambooyinkaaga ama dabku kugu qasbo markabka, badbaadada nolosha badda badda (** ISO 9650-1 Nooca 1 ** ama ** SOLAS A-Pack ***) waxay kuxirantahay waxa aad la timaado iyo sida aad uga hortagto in qulqulka uu qarxo.

Liiska hubinta ee shandad qabsashada degdega ah ee xeebaha¶

Ku hay bac aan biyuhu lahayn, oo si togan u kacsan ** boorso godad *** ku dul dheji jaranjarada jidka weheliya, oo ay ku jiraan alaabtan:

• Diiwaan gashan 406 MHz EPIRB oo lagu daray firaaqo ** Shakhsiyeed Beacon (PLB)** iyo AIS SART.
• ** Raadiyaha gacanta lagu hayo ee VHF ee sabbaynaya biyuhu** (bateriga ku dallacay iyo kaydka alkaline AA).
• ** Xiriiriyaha dayax-gacmeedka ee laba-geesoodka ah** (Garmin inReach / Iridium) oo ku jira boorso qallalan oo leh bangi koronto oo 10,000 mAh ah.
• ** SOLAS pyrotechnic iyo calaamadaha cidhiidhiga elektiroonigga ah:** 4 ololka baarashuudka cas, 4 dabshid gacma-casaan ah, 2 daasadaha qiiqa orange-ka ah, 1 LED SOS strobe aan biyuhu biyuhu lahayn, iyo muraayad calaamad ah.
• ** Fuuqbaxa degdega ah:** Ku duub laba 10-litir (2.5-gallon) jerrykaannada caaga ah waxay ka buuxiyeen saddex-meelood laba meel oo ay ka buuxaan biyo cusub (si ay u sabbeeyaan) bacda godka agteeda, ama ku xir buug-biyood ** reverse-osmosis watermaker** iyo 125 mL boorsooyin biyo ah.
• Xirmada badda iyo xirmada caafimaadka: Afka oo kala firdha ondansetron (Zofran) ama skopolamine patches iyo kaniiniyada ** meclizine** la calalin karo, dalxiis, faashado aan biyuhu lahayn, xidhid-qorraxeed, iyo sahayda 14-maalmood ee dawooyinka shaqaalaha.
• ** Raashinka badbaadada iyo qalabka kulaylka: *** baararka raashiinka-calorie-sare ah (2,400 ilaa 3,600 kcal), ** SOLAS qalabka ilaalinta kulaylka (TPAs) **, mindi sabbaynaysa oo aan fiicneyn, laydhka, tooshka, galoofyada nitrile, iyo nuqullada baasaboorada iyo diiwaangelinta.

Tillaabo-talaabo ah oo u daabulida nolosha iyo habka fuulista¶

Weligaa ha bilaabin taraafikada nolosha goor hore; dabaylo-hawleed aan ballaadhnayn oo ku xidhan dabaylo xayndaab ah ayaa rogi kara ama xajin kara laynkeeda ka hor inta aanay cidina soo saarin. Marka ka tagista markabka ay noqoto mid aan laga fursan karin:

1. ** Hubi in laynka rinjiilaygu uu ku xidhan yahay xayndaab culus oo doonta dusheeda:** Kahor intaadan furin caasada ama faashad, soo bixi 1 mitir (3 cagood) ee cad line rinjiye oo xaqiiji in dhamaadka qadhaadhku ku xidhan yahay sagxad adag.
2. ** Ku billow qasac ama valise dhinaca LEEWARD (dabaysha hoose):** Ku tuur badda dulmarkeeda dhinaca leeward (oo ka cad dhabarka dambe iyo spars soo dhacaya) si ay dabayshu u fuusho doonnida * u jeedda * rafka.
3. ** La soo bax dhammaan xariiqda rinjiile oo aad si adag u shido CO2 dhululubada:** Inta badan nafleyda waxay leeyihiin xariiq rinjiile 8 ilaa 12 mitir (26 ilaa 40 cagood) dheer. Soo jiid ** dhererka oo dhan *** dibadda u soo bax ilaa uu joogsado, ka dibna sii jiid laba-gacan oo xoog leh si aad u kiciso CO2/N2 valve. 20 ilbiriqsi gudahood, raftku wuu bararayaa.
4. ** Saxeexa noolasha haddii uu kor u kacayo:** Haddii la rogo, dabaasha oo xidhan jaakad badbaado oo ku xidhan doonta waa in uu fuulaa dhinaca uu ** CO2 silindar** ka laadlaadsan yahay, qabso ** suunka saxda ah ee dabaqa hoose, dib u tiirso, oo rafka u soo jiid dabaysha.
5. ** Si adag u soo jiid rafka si adag una TALLAABO QALAN:** ​​Ku soo jiid khadka rinjiile si aad albaabka galitaanka u soo jiido dhanka tareenka leeward ama goobta dabaasha. Marka hore ku tuur bacda godka iyo weelasha biyaha gudaha. Hayso guddiga shaqaalaha ugu dhaq-dhaqaaqa badan marka hore si aad u dejiso sagxada una caawiso kuwa kale ee gudaha ku jira. Weligaa ha ku boodin saqafka sare ee nolosha.
6. Xariiqda rinjiyeynta ku goo mindida badbaadada gudaha albaabka laga soo galo: Marka qof walba gudaha galo oo doontu ay quusto ama gubanayso meel ku filan si ay u dhalaaliso tuubooyinka, soo qaado ** mindida sabbaynaysa ee ba'an** ee galka agteeda albaabka laga soo galo oo jarjar xarriiqda rinjiilaha. Geli ** maandooriyaha (barroosinka badda)** isla markiiba si aad u nadiifiso.

Ku dhex noolaanshaha nolosha iyo fulinta helikobtarka ama badbaadinta markabka¶

Marka laga baxo markabka hooyada, dhaqan geli badda **Afar Mabaadi'da Badbaadada: Ilaalinta, Goobta, Biyaha, iyo Cunnada

Ficilada degdega ah ee saacada koowaad gudaha sacad-badeedka¶

1. Dhaqdhaqaaqa barroosinka badda (Dooliska): Xaqiiji in barroosinka badda ee marada la dhigay 30-mitir (100-cagood) xariiqda dabaasha si loo jiheeyo dabaysha hoosaysa, u dhimo qulqulka boqolkiiba 70, oo u dejiso ka soo horjeedka.
2. Dami biyaha badda oo si buuxda u engejiya sagxada: Fadhiista biyaha badda ee qulqulaya waxay daadiyaan kulaylka jidhka waxayna sababtaa boogaha biyaha cusbada iyo hypothermia. Isticmaal baaldiga damiinashada iyo isbuunyada si aad u engejiso sagxada, oo ku buufi **dabaq laba jibbaaran oo dahaaran ** biyo qabow.
3. ** Xidh daboolka dabada laga soo galo oo qaybi dawada xanuunka badweynta Qof kastaa ha qaato daawoyinka ka-hortagga-badeedka isla markaaba ka hor inta aysan lallabbo bilaabin.
4. **Ku xidh bacda jeexjeexa, weelasha biyaha, EPIRB, iyo VHF-ga gacanta siddooyinka nolosha gudaha si aanay waxba u lumin wareegtada. Samee wareeg 1-saac ah oo daawasho ah oo ku taal dekedda kormeerka.

Biyo adag iyo borotokoolka qaybinta cuntada ee badda¶

Jirka bini'aadamku wuxuu noolaan karaa 3 toddobaad cunto la'aan, laakiin kaliya 3 ilaa 6 maalmood oo aan lahayn biyo cusub:

• ** Biyo eber ah 24-ka saac ee ugu horeeya (haddii aan dhaawacmin ama dhidid kulayl daran mooyaane):** Inta lagu jiro 24-ka saacadood ee ugu horreeya, kelyahaagu waxay soo saaraan dareere dheeraad ah kaadi ahaan. 24 saacadood ka dib, raashiin **500 millilitir (16 wiqiyadood / 2 koob) oo biyo cusub ah qofkiiba maalintii ***, si tartiib ah loo kabay.
• **Weligaa ha cabbin biyaha badda ama kaadida:**Biyaha baddu waxay leeyihiin milix badan oo saddex jeer ka badan inta uu dhiiggu shaqayn karo; cabbitaanka biyaha badweynta ayaa kelyahaaga ku qasbaya inay biyaha ka soo saaraan xubnahaaga si ay u daadiyaan soodhiyamka xad-dhaafka ah, taas oo keenaysa kelyaha shaqada iyo delirium. Kaadida cabbitaanka waxay leedahay saameyn sun ah oo isku mid ah.
• Ha cunin borotiin, kalluun, ama cunto qalalan adigoon biyo badan cabbin: Dheefshiidka borotiinku waxa uu cunaa biyaha jidhka gudihiisa si uu u soo saaro nitrogen-ka urea. Cun kaliya karbohaydraytka ** SOLAS buskudka badbaadada ** ilaa aad ka soo ururiso biyaha roobka leh ee saqafka sare ee la dhaqay.

Helicopter ayaa kor u qaaday badbaadinta iyo soo qaadida markabka¶

Marka helikabtar samatabbixin ama markab ganacsi AMVER yimaado, wareejinta kama dambaysta ah waxay u baahan tahay anshax adag:

1. Ka samee xiriir raadiyaha VHF Channel 16 oo raac tilmaamaha duuliyaha Isticmaal ** hurdo cas oo gacanta lagu hayo (ku dheggan dhinaca bidixda), qiiq oranji, ama ** LED SOS strobe**.
2. ** U diyaari duufaanta xoogga rotor-ka:** Helicopter dul heehaabaya waxay dhalisaa qarax hoos u dhaafa **130 km/h Xidho jaakada badbaadada iyo muraayadaha indhahaaga, xidho qalabka dabacsan, oo kaliya ka bax biyaha haddii dabaasha samatabbixintu ku amro inaad sidaas samayso.
3. Weligaa ha taaban fiilada sare ee helikabtarka ama dambiisha ilaa ay taabato biyaha ama sagxada hore: Rotor-ku-wareega wuxuu ku dhisaa 100,000 volts oo koronto taagan siliga korkiisa. Qabsashada jillaabka ka hor inta aysan badda gelin waxay keenaysaa naxdin. Marka hore biyuhu ha dhulka dhigeen fiilada, waligaa ha ku xidhin fiilada kor u qaadida doonta iyo rafka noloshaada, gacmahaagana isku laab laab dambiisha dhexdeeda.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Maxaa dhacaya haddii aan qabto badhanka dhibka ee VHF DSC ee cas ilaa 5 ilbiriqsi marka raadiyahaygu aanu ku xidhnayn MMSI ama GPS?¶

Haddii raadiyahaaga VHF aan lagu barnaamijin 9-god ee MMSI nambarka 9-god, badhanka cas ee DSC Distress ma gudbin doono dilaac dhijitaal ah; Waa inaad u beddeshaa VHF Channel 16 oo aad samaysaa baahinta cod ee Mayday. Haddi raadiyahaagu leeyahay markabka markabka oo aan ku xidhnayn taleefoonka GPS-ka, haynta badhanka cas 5 sekan waxa ay gudbisaa digniinta DSC dhijitaalka ah oo wadata aqoonsiga markabka markabka dhammaan maraakiibta iyo saldhigyada xeebaha ee kala duwan, waana in aad kor ugu akhridaa loolka iyo dhererkaga Channel 16.

Sideen ku ogaan karaa in aan iibsanayo oo qaadanayo EPIRB ama Goob-jooge Shakhsiyeed (PLB) ee dhoofitaanka badda?¶

Labada EPIRBs iyo PLBs waxay ku gudbiyaan 406 MHz Cospas-Sarsat ee inta jeer ee satalaytka cidhiidhiga ah oo leh 121.5 MHz homing signal, laakiin waxay u adeegaan doorar kala duwan: EPIRB waxay ka diiwaan gashan tahay markabka, sabbaynaysa si toos ah, wuxuu u shaqeeyaa marka uu taabto biyaha, wuxuuna ku shaqeeyaa ugu yaraan 48 saacadood -20 darajo Celsius (-4 digrii Fahren). PLB waxay u diiwaan gashan tahay shakhsiga, waxay socotaa 24 saacadood, waa in lagu hawlgeliyaa gacanta, oo u baahan dabaasha inuu ku qabto anteenada biyaha sare, taasoo ka dhigaysa EPIRB lagama maarmaan u ah markabka iyo PLB-yada ku habboon jaakada badbaadada xubin kasta oo shaqaalaha ah.

Miyaan ku sii jirayaa doonta shiraaceed ee aan burbursanayn ama daadku qaaday ama ma isla markiiba galaa markabka nolosha?¶

Ilaa haddii ay doonyahaagu si firfircoon ugu quusinayaan oogada badda hoosteeda ama ay ku gubanayso dab aan la xakamayn karin, dul saar doonta shiraacda marka aad isku diyaarinayso haadka nolosha. Intii lagu jiray 1979-kii Fastnet Race iyo 1998 Sydney ilaa Hobart Yacht Race masiibooyinka, shaqaale badan ayaa halligmay ka dib markii ay ka tageen doonyaha burburay ee naf-baxay ee ku rogmaday mowjado jebin ah, halka doonyahoodii la dayacay markii dambe la helay iyagoo sabbaynaya. Had iyo jeer kor u kac nolol-raadinta kaliya marka doontu hoos u dhacayso.

Maraakiibta xamuulka ah ee baayacmushtarku dhab ahaantii ma samatabbixin karaan doon yar oo badmaax ah ama doon yar oo cimilo xun oo badda ah?¶

Haa, iyada oo la raacayo nidaamka Badbaadinta Labada-Caawinta Tooska ah (AMVER) iyo waajibaadka caalamiga ah ee SOLAS, maraakiibta weelka ganacsiga iyo booyadaha waxaa si joogto ah u leexiya Xarumaha Isuduwidda Samatabbixinta si ay u badbaadiyaan doonyaha dhibaataysan ee xeebaha. Marka markab weyni uu kor u qaado dabaysha noloshaada si uu u abuuro biyo qabow oo dejiyo jaranjaro duuliye ah ama hoos u dhigo godkiisa birta ah, sug ilaa inta rafka uu ku xiran yahay, xidho jaakada badbaadada, oo u ogolow shaqaalaha samatabbixintu inay kor u qaadaan badbaadayaasha dhaawaca iyada oo loo marayo dambiisha halkii ay fuuli lahaayeen 15 mitir (50-cagood) haddii sallaan xadhig ah oo daal ah.

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• ** Ururka Badaha Caalamiga ah (IMO) iyo ICAO (Caalami): ** * Buugga IAMSAR, Mugga III * iyo * SOLAS Cutubka V, Xeer 33*.
• Ururka Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga ah (ITU, International): Xeerka Raadiyaha, Qodobka 32aad: Isgaarsiinta Cidhiidhiga ah ee GMDSS.
• ** Ilaalada Xeebaha Mareykanka (USCG, Mareykanka):** GMDSS, DSC VHF Channel 70, 406 MHz Hawlgallada EPIRB, iyo Nidaamyada AMVER.
• ** UK Badaha iyo Ilaalada Xeebaha (MCA) iyo RNLI (United Kingdom):** * Badbaadada Badda, Badbaadinta Nolosha, iyo Hagidda Wareejinta Helikopter Hi-Line*.
• OCIMF, ICS, BIMCO, iyo UKMTO (Caalami):
• ** Doomaha Adduunka (Caalami):** * Xeerarka Gaarka ah ee Xeebta (OSR) ee Qaybta 0, 1, iyo 2 ee Maraakiibta*.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Xaaladaha deg-degga ah ee markabka, iska daa markabka, iyo ninku badda
• Xariga xuduudka, raadinta taleefannada, iyo diidmada gelitaanka
• Taageerada safaarada iyo qunsuliyada
• Xaaladaha degdega ah ee caafimaadka iyo daadgureynta dibadda
• Nambarada degdega ah