Dabaqa Jilicsan ee Dabaqa-hoosaadka ee musqusha, Goojiyeyaasha qudhuntay, iyo tubbada qubeyska ama Khatarta Musqusha¶

Marka aad ka soo baxayso qubayska ama ku fadhiista musqusha waxay soo saartaa leexasho xanuun leh oo cagaha hoostiisa ah, marka dhoobada dhoobada dhoobada ah ay bilaabaan inay ka soo baxaan xariijimaha qashinka ee giraanta ku wareegsan saldhigga musqusha, ama marka 3-ilaa-10-millimeter (⅛-ilaa-⅜-inch) farqi si lama filaan ah u furmo inta u dhaxaysa cidhifka hoose ee qolka qubeyska iyo xariiqda silikoon ee hoostiisa. alwaaxyada sagxada sagxadda ah ayaa si firfircoon uga guul darraystay dheregista biyaha daba dheeraatay iyo qudhunka fangas. Dhismaha alwaaxyada la deggan yahay, musqulaha waxay diiradda saaraan meydka aadka u daran iyo culeyska qaabdhismeedka nool ee gudaha qolka ugu yar ee guriga: saxan musqusha oo ah 150 sentimitir (5-foot) oo ay ka buuxaan 225 litir (60 gallon) oo biyaha qubeyska ah iyo qubeyska qaangaarka ah ayaa culeyskiisu yahay ** 320 ilaa 450 kiiloogaraam (700 ilaa 150 rodol) tubbada biyaha lagu qooyo ama barkada dabaasha ee ay ka buuxaan biyaha ayaa ka badan 550 ilaa 800 kiiloogaraam (1,200 ilaa 1,750 rodol) oo ku nasanaysa afar cagood oo cidhiidhi ah ama xadiidka wareega wareega.

Isla goobta saxda ah ee miisaankaas weyni ay ku nastaan, tuubbooyinka goynta tuubooyinka (tiro weyn iyo godadka ayaa si sax ah u caajisay iyada oo loo marayo 2x8 ama 2x10 sagxadaha dabaqa ah si ay ugu habboonaadaan 75-ilaa-100-millimeter / 3-ilaa-4-inch PVC musqulaha musqusha iyo tubbada P-dabinnada) ayaa mar hore hoos u dhigay qaab dhismeedka alwaax ee boqolkiiba 5. Marka uu guuldarraystay ** giraanta wax-gashiga musqusha** (kaydinta bullaacadaha), daadanaya ** saxmada qubayska ee buuxdhaafka ah ***, ama digsiga qubayska ee dillaacsan ayaa ku da'aya biyaha qarsoon ee ** Oriented Strand Board (OSB), qayb ka mid ah, ama sagxada hoose ee alwaax ** bilo, fangaska-buniga-buundada ah ee alwaax baabi'iya xoogga jeexjeexa ee kartoonada qoyan (burbur dhismeed iyo burbur iyo saqafka oo dumay iyo gidaar qallalan oo biyuhu galeen). Haddii musqusha, musqusha, ama qaybta sagxadda ay si lama filaan ah u soo dhacdo, jabiso tuubada sahayda ee la cadaadiyo, ama dabinno qof deggan, ka bax aagga sare iyo hoosta oo wac degaankaaga nambarada degdega ah (911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska). Hagahan waxa uu bixiyaa habab degdeg ah oo tallaabo tallaabo ah in isla markiiba la dejiyo oo la go'doomiyo musqusha qubeyska ama musqusha ruxaysa ka hor inta aanay feedin dhulka, u qaybin culayska cagta ee ku yaala godadka aan qummanayn, kormeer sagxadaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ee qudhuntay iyo meelaha gurguurta ee hoose, iyo rakibida ku meel gaadhka ah ee screw-jack shoring ilaa beddelka joogtada ah ee walaalaynta iyo sagxada hoose laga dhammeeyo.

Hadda samee tan¶

Haddii musqusha uu soo foorarsado ama ku quusayo dabaq jilicsan, haddii u soo dhawaanshaha saxanka qubayska ay keento in dabaqa hoos u dhaco in ka badan 3 milimitir (⅛ inch), ama haddii saqafka qallalan ee si toos ah hoostiisa musqusha dabaqa labaad uu dillaaco ama dillaacayo, fuli lixdan fal isla markiiba:

1. Ka daadi biyo kasta oo dhex fadhiya saxanka qubeyska isla markiiba oo jooji dhammaan isticmaalka tubbada qubeyska ama qubeyska: Biyuhu waxay miisaankoodu yahay 1 kiiloogaraam litirkiiba (8.34 rodol halkii gallon US). Ku faaruqinta 225 litir (60 gallon) oo biyaha qubeyska ah hoos biyomareenka waxay ka saaraysaa 225 kiiloogaraam (500 rodol) ee miisaanka dhintay sagxadda hoose ee guuldareystay 90 ilbiriqsi gudahood. Ha istaagin gudaha tubbada marka ay dareerayso; ka soo gala albaabka oo jiid joogsiga biya-mareenka.
2. ** Xir galka biyaha chrome ga gadaasha musqusha ruxida ama quusta oo biyo raaci hal mar si aad u faaruqiso *: Marka musqusha dhinac-ilaa-dhinac u gilgilo ama u dego sagxadda hoose ee OSB qudhuntay, laba daadad oo masiibo ah ayaa soo socda: marka hore, adag ** chrome/maxaasta ama khadka biyaha ee tidcan waxay ku xidhmaan salka hoose ee gidaarka balaastigga xagal joogsiga ayaa ka hooseysa 400kPa (60 PSI) cadaadiska biyaha magaaladadhuumaha dilaaca; Marka labaad, ** shaabadda wax-ka-gaaban ** ee geeska musqusha hoosteeda ayaa si buuxda u kala go'aysa, iyadoo ku daadinaysa bulaacada ceeriin godka sagxadda iyadoo la raacayo biyo kasta. U rog waalka xagal joogsiga darbiga dhanka saacba ** Off ***, hoos u qabo gacanta si aad u daadiso taangiga iyo baaquliga, oo ku dheji daboolka "DO NOT USE" saxiix
3. Qof walba si toos ah uga nadiifi qolka ama dariiqa hoose ee musqusha dabaqa sare ah oo muujinaya sagxad ama dildilaaca saqafka ah: Haddii musqusha dabaqa labaad ah, meesha qubeyska, ama hiitarka birta ah ay ku degayaan godad qudhuntay, balaastarka ama 13-milimitir (½-inch) saqafka qallalan ee saqafka koowaad waa qolka jiifka oo keliya. Ka xir qolka hoose oo ka guuri alaabta guriga aagga dhibicda.
4. ** Dhig xaashi qaro weyn oo ah 19-milimitir (¾-inch) oo alwaax ah (ama laba loox oo ballaaran oo alwaax ah / albaab gudaha ah oo adag oo si siman loo dhigay) oo dhan sagxada musqusha haddii ay tahay inaad ku socoto meel jilicsan ***: Guryaha dabaqa ee la deggan yahay waxay u dhexeeyaan ** 40 sentimitir (16 inji) dhexda **. Bar jilicsani waxay dhacdaa marka gadhka sagxada hoose ee u dhexeeya * laba kabood uu qudhmo, ama marka hal-xidhka musqusha hoostiisa uu xumaado. Dhigista 60-by-120-centimitir (2-by-4-foot) oo ah ¾-inch alwaax fidsan oo siman oo ku taal sagxada musqusha waxay ka dhigaysaa culeyska cagtaada saddex ama afar sagxeed sagxeed oo sax ah si ay cagtaadu si toos ah ugu dhufan karin dabaqa hoose ee qudhuntay.
5. ** Dami fur-furiyaha korantada ee quudinta nalka saqafka ama marawaxada qiiqa ee qolka si toos ah uga hooseeya musqusha soo daadanaysa**: Biyaha qarsoon ee u guuraya sagxadda musqusha ee qudhuntay waxay si toos ah ugu qulqulayaan sanduuqa saqafka birta ah ee isku xidha ee jaranjarada qolka cuntada ee hoose ama jikada nalka leh (dab koronto iyo dhimbiil). Ku rogo jabiyaha nalalka saqafka hoose ee hoose ** dami
6. ** Ku eeg dhinaca hoose ee sagxada musqusha xagga hoose ama gurguurta adigoo isticmaalaya toosh iyo kaashawiito ama cawl (jidhkaaga ka fogee si toos ah hoostiisa tuubo raran)**: Haddii musqusha uu ku fadhiisto sagxadda hoose ee aan dhammayn ama meel gurguurta oo qallalan (badbaadada gurguurashada daadad), toosh dhalaalaysa kor ugu iftiimi sagxadda dhulka hoostiisa ah iyo sagxadaha sagxadda ee ka hooseeya garabka musqusha iyo dabinka musqusha. Waligaa si toos ah ha u hoos istaagin saxanka qubeyska ee buuxa ama xidhmada birta ah ee rogman inta aad baadhayso goysyada qudhuntay.

Geedka go'aanka: musqusha dabaqa hoose ee jilicsan, musqusha ruxaysa, iyo kala soocida tubbada qubayska¶

Isticmaal geedkan go'aanka hawlgalka ah si aad u qiimeyso darnaanta sagxadda musqusha ee sagxadda hoose ama goynta-jidhka sagxadda oo aad ufuliso xasilin degdeg ah.

flowchart TD
    Start["Gurmadka Dabaqa Musqusha: Dabaqa Isbuunyada, Musqusha Ruxaysa, ama Qubayska Qubayska"] --> ImmediateUnload["TALLAABADA 1-aad ee qasabka ah; KA SAAR rarka & biyaha go'doomiyey; 1. Ku daadi tubbada qubeyska isla markiiba (waxay ka saartaa 225 kg / 500 lb); 2. Xidh gidaarka musqusha ee dami waalka & haanta daadinta oo faaruq ah (waxay ka hortagtaa tuubada saadka); 3. Dami jabiyaha korontada ee nalalka saqafka ee qolka hoose"]

    ImmediateUnload --> SymptomCheck{"2. Calaamadee fashilka qaabdhismeedkee ayaa jira?"}

    SymptomCheck -->|"A. Dhagaxyada musqusha ee dhinac-ka-la-la-dhan ama tiirarka/vinyl-ku waxay dareemayaan isbooneysi 30 cm (12 inji) ee saldhigga musqusha"| ToiletRot["Qulqulka sagxada-hoosaadka musqulaha oo meel ku yaal; 1. Ha ku fadhiisan musqusha, ha ku xidhin xarkaha armaajooyinka alwaax qudhuntay; 2. Dhig 19 mm (3/4 in) looxa buundada ah haddii aad ag socoto; 3. Ka saar musqusha miirtay (caallada ku jirta tuubada bulaacada si aad methane u xidho); 4. Ka jar OSB/ alwaax qudhuntay oo ka soo gooya dhexda-goysyada ilaa dhexda-goysyada & ku rakib 2x10 xannibaad + 3/4 alwaax dibadda ah"]

    SymptomCheck -->|"B. Farqiga u furan ee ku teedsan xariiqda gidaarka musqusha AMA sagxada tubbada oo laablaaban/qaray"| TubSink["Ilayska tubbada qubeyska AMA JIDHKA JOOGTADA AH EE GUULDARO:; 1. 100% ka dhig saxanka qubayska 100% oo manuuc inaad tubbada gasho; 2. Ka soo eeg dhulka hoose/goobta gurguurta ee hoose (ama xagga hoose ee saqafka furan):; Hubi haddii tuubiyeyaasha si qoto dheer u fiirsadeen 2x8/2x10 kabidda ee tubbada P-dabin"]

    SymptomCheck -->|"C. Dhammaan sagxadda musqusha oo jilcan in ka badan 1 cm (3/8 in) AMA gidaarka saqafka hoose ee engegan ayaa dillaacaya/ dillaacay"| JoistCollapse["QOSOLKA ADDUUNKA EE SAGXADA FIRFIRCOONIGA AH / GUDAHA GURIGA AMA GUULDARADA MUDDADA AH:; 1. Si toos ah uga bax musqusha iyo qolka hoostiisa; 2. Ku rakib 4x4 alwaax T-xeebeedyada ku meel gaadhka ah ama bir la isku hagaajin karo oo ku dheji 2x10 dhoobo ah oo ka hooseeya qaybaha goysyada ee aan qummanayn; 3. Walaasha dhererkeedu dhan yahay 2x10/2x12 joists oo ay weheliso gooyooyin qudhuntay/go'an ka hor inta aan dib loo dhisin dabaqa hoose"]

    TubSink --> JoistCollapse

quusitaanka qoto dheer 1: Baadhitaanka qaab dhismeedka - sida loo akhriyo 5ta calaamadood ee digniinta hore ka hor inta aanu dabaqa dumin¶

Weelka qubeyska ama musqusha weligood kuma soo dhacaan dabaqa meel aan jirin; Qaab dhismeedka alwaaxdu wuxuu telefishinkiisa ku soo bandhigaa cidhiidhigiisa toddobaadyo ama bilo iyadoo loo marayo tilmaamo farsamo oo muuqaal iyo taabasho gaar ah:

Qoto dheer 2: Waa maxay sababta xirmooyinka sagxada musqusha ay u fashilmaan (isku darka dilaaga ah ee "Plumber's Nottches" iyo "Brown Rot")¶

Maxay sagxadaha sagxaddu u qudhmayaan oo ay u dhacaan musqulaha hoostooda toban jeer in ka badan marka loo eego qolalka jiifka ama qolalka fadhiga, xitaa marka dhismaha intiisa kale uu dhagax adag yahay?

   [WHY BATHROOM FLOOR JOISTS SNAP UNDER BATHTUBS & TOILETS]

        [Bathtub Foot: 400 kg / 900 lb]      [Toilet Flange]
                      ||                           ||
   ===================++===========================++=================== <-- Rotted 19 mm (3/4") OSB Subfloor
   +------------------+----------------------------+-------------------+
   | 2x10 Floor Joist |    [OVERSIZED PLUMBER'S    |                   |
   |                  |     NOTCH FOR TUB TRAP]    |  (75 mm / 3" Hole |
   |                  +----------------------------+   bored too close |
   |                   \ <-- Crack starts at sharp     to bottom edge) |
   +--------------------+    corner of notch & rots -------------------+

1. ** Dembiga qaab dhismeedka # 1: Tuubiyeyaasha sharci darrada ah ee Aagga xiisadda ee wadajirka ***:
2. Marka loo eego ** Xeerka Deganaanshaha Caalamiga ah (Qaybta IRC R502.8) *** iyo Eurocode 5, dhejiska sagxadda alwaax adag wuxuu xanbaarsan yahay diiqad cadaadis leh oo uu weheliyo cidhifka sare iyo diiqada adkaysiga ee cidhifka hoose.
3. Xeerarka dhismaha ** waxay si adag u mamnuucayaan in la gooyo jeex kasta oo ka mid ah saddex meelood meel dhexe ee taako dabaqa ah ***, oo xaddid darajooyinka saddex meelood meel bannaanka ah oo aan ka badnayn ** ⅙ ee qoto dheer ee isgoysyada ** (qiyaastii 3.8 sentimitir / 1.5 inji 2x10).
4. Hase yeeshee malaayiin guri oo da 'weyn ah, markii tuubiste ku rakibay tubbada musqusha ee P-dabin ama 100-milimitir (4-inch) tuubbada musqusha, waxay qaateen miinshaar is-beddel ah oo ** gooyay 12 sentimitir- qoto dheer (5-inch- qoto dheer) leydi toosan oo ka baxsan xagga sare ama hoose ee 2x8 ama sagxada 2x8 ee si toos ah dabaqa 2x8 sentimitir (3 inji) alwaax ah oo kor u haya tubbada 400-kilogram (900-pound).
5. ** Dembiga qaab dhismeedka #2: Cubic Brown-Rot Fungi (* Serpula lacrymans*)**:
6. Meesha saxda ah ee tuubistehu ka gooyay sagxadda sagxadda waxay ku taal hoosta kabta saxanka musqusha iyo giraanta dhuka musqusha.
7. Marka kala-goysyadaas ay ooyaan dhibco biyo ah oo gaabis ah in ka badan 3 ilaa 5 sano, ** fangaska-buni-kalluunka** waxay gumaystaan ​​heerka qoyan. Cilmi baaris uu sameeyay U.S. Shaybaadhka Alaabada Kaymaha (FPL) waxa uu muujiyaa farsamayaqaanka argagaxa leh ee qudhunka buniga ah: **ka hor inta aan laxan alwaax qudhunsan lumin xitaa boqolkiiba 10 ee miisaankiisa muuqda ama isbeddelka qaabka, Ensaymes-ka-rooniga ah ayaa depolymerize silsiladaha cellulose ee alwaax waxayna yareeyaan qaloocsanaanta unugga iyo xoogga saameynta 50 ilaa 70 boqolkiiba **.

quusitaanka qoto dheer 3: Xasilinta degdega ah - sida si badbaado leh looga dejiyo, looga saaro musqusha quusta, oo loo rakibo xeeb ku meel gaar ah¶

Haddii sagxada musqushaada ama musqushaadu ay si firfircoon u dhumayaan, raac habkan saxda ah ee injineernimada si aad u baabi'iso khatarta burburka maanta ka hor inta aanad bilaabin dayactirka nijaarnimada joogtada ah:

Talaabada 1: Si badbaado leh uga saar musqulaha ruxay ama quusaya (saarida 40 kg / 90 lb + Joojinta qulqulka)¶

Ha kaga tagin musqul weyn oo balaastiig ah oo dheellitiraya sagxadda hoose ee qudhuntay halkaas oo ay ku soo rogi karto oo ay ku jejebin karto jeexjeexyada xiiran ee garka leh (goyn iyo xoqid): 1. Xir chrome ** darbiga xagal joogsiga biyaha waalka *** saacada u jeeda (ama dami biyaha guriga weyn haddii xagasha joogsiga ay ku dheggan tahay; eeg ku dheggan hagaha waalka weyn ee biyaha). 2. Biyo raaci musqusha oo gacanta hoos u qabo, ka dibna isticmaal isbuunyo weyn iyo baaldi (ama maraq dukaan qoyan/qallalan) si aad u nuugo 2 litir oo biyo ah haray taangiga iyo baaquli ilaa ay labaduba si buuxda u engegaan. 3. Ka soo saar laynka biyaha isku xidha lawska dhinaca bidix ee hoose ee haanta musqusha. 4. Ka soo saar labada koofi ee yar yar ee balaastiga ah ee ku yaal saldhigga saxanka musqusha oo ka fur labada naxaas ** 7/16-inch ama ½-inch hex nuts ** (haddii ay si dabacsan u leexiyaan sababtoo ah alwaax dabaqa hoose ee hoose waa boqoshaada qudhuntay, si fudud ula bixi musqusha). 5. Ku dheji baaquli cagahaaga oo ku dul fadhiya ** sagxadda adag ee sagxadda ah (ama dul mar ¾-inch alwaax dhulka la dhigay)**, kor u qaad musqusha lugahaaga (dhabarkaaga toosan), oo u dhig wargeysyada ku yaal marinka ama garaashyada. 6. ** TALLAABADA XAASIGA AH EE BIOHAZARD - Ku xidh godka bulaacada 4-inch ee furan isla markiiba ***: Isla markiiba aad musqusha ka soo qaaddo dabaqa, tuubada bulaacada ee 75-ilaa-100-millimeter (3-ilaa-4-inch) furan ee tuubada dabaqa waxay leedahay ** ma laha P-dabin biyo ah *, u oggolaanaya sunta ** hydrogen sulfide.H2Siyo gaaska bulaacada methane ee qarxa (gaaska bulaacada iyo qalalan P-dabin degdeg ah) inaad toos u soo gasho gurigaaga. Shukumaan duug ah oo duug ah oo ku dhex duuban bac culus oo caag ah si adag u geli flange bulaacada furan (ama ku rakib balastar balastar ah $4) si aad u xidho tuubada hawo-mareenka inta musqusha maqan tahay.

Talaabada 2: Sida Hoosta Looga Baaro Adigoo Adeegsanaya "Tijaabada Kaashashka/Awl"¶

Xidho muraayadaha nabdoonaanta, neefsiyaha NIOSH N95/P100 ( sagxadaha hoose ee qudhuntay waxay ku dahaadhan yihiin kudka caaryada ah), iyo laambad, oo gal meesha gurguurta ama sagxadda hoose ee musqusha (ama gooy 40-by-40-centimeter/16-by-16-inch spection) - Si adag u cadaadi caarada caadiga ah kaashawiitada fidsan ama cawska nijaarka si adag hal gacanna u geli dhinaca sagxadaha sagxadda alwaax ah iyo dhinaca hoose ee galeefka sagxada hoose. - ** Dhawaaq, alwaax qaab-dhismeed caafimaad qaba **: caarada kaashawiitada ayaa si dirqi ah u jeexjeexin dusha sare 1 ilaa 2 millimitir (1/16 inch). - ** Qurub qurmay, qaab dhismeed ahaan alwaax ah : Daabka kaashawiito si dhib la'aan ah ayay u degtaa ** 15 ilaa 50 milimitir (½ ilaa 2 inji) si toos ah alwaax u gal sida jiis jilicsan ama guf punky ah, ama jajabyo cube-madow oo madow u eg oo alwaax ah ayaa gacantaada ku burbura ( qudhunka bunni cubical)

Talaabada 3: Rakibaadda Ku-meel-gaadhka Toosan-Jack / 4x4 Alwaax ku-soo-baxa Ku-meel-gaadhka ah¶

Haddii hal ama in ka badan sagxadaha musqusha hoostooda ay si qoto dheer u go'aan, dildilaacsan yihiin, ama qudhunsan yihiin, waxaad ka hortagi kartaa sagxada musqusha (iyo tubbada birta-culus ama akril ee ka sarreysa) inay soo dhacaan adiga oo qotomiyey ** alwaax toosan oo toosan oo ku-meel-gaar ah * qolka hoose ama gurguurta si toos ah musqusha hoosteeda:

   [EMERGENCY BASEMENT / CRAWLSPACE SHORING UNDER ROTTED BATHROOM JOISTS]

      [Joist #1]       [Joist #2 (Rotted)]       [Joist #3]
   ======+=====================+=====================+====== <-- Bathroom Subfloor
   |2x10 |               |2x10 |               |2x10 |
   +-----+               +-----+               +-----+
   ========================================================= <-- Top Header: Double 2x6 or 4x4
               ||                             ||                 spanning across 3-4 joists
         [Steel Jack Post]              [Steel Jack Post]
         (or 4x4 Wood Post)             (or 4x4 Wood Post)
               ||                             ||
   ========================================================= <-- Bottom Mudsill: 2x10 or 2x12
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////     plank distributing load on slab/soil

1. Weligaa ha dhigin hal dhibic boosteejo jaakad ah si toos ah sagxad hoose oo qudhuntay ama hal boodh ah (saxanka sare ee jaakadda ayaa si toos ah u feeraysa alwaax qudhuntay).
2. Taa baddalkeeda, jar ** 1.2-ilaa-1.8-mitir (4-ilaa-6-foot) madax toosan ** ka baxsan ** labanlaabantay 2x6 alwaax ama alwaax adag 4x4 ** oo si toos ah u dhig ** dhinaca hoose ee 3 ama 4 dabaqa hoose ee iskuxiran ** (meel 30 sentimitir / 12 inji ah, oo wali ka soo jeeda alwaaxdii ilaa 12 inji) kabo aan toosnayn oo ka gudba xubinta qudhuntay).
3. Ku dheji ** 2x10 ama 2x12 cadaadiska lagu daaweeyay looxa dhoobada ah ** (ama 40-by-40-centimeter / 16-by-16-inch cag adag oo cag adag ah oo cag adag ah, carro aan qasnayn) oo siman dhulka hoose ama dhulka gurguurta oo si toos ah hoostiisa uga hooseeya iftiinka madaxa si uu u faafiyo miisaanka hoos u dhaca.
4. Istaag laba ** dhejisyada jaakadaha hoose ee birta ah ee la hagaajin karo (teleposts / tiirarka lally)** ama jar laba toosan 4x4 timber alwaax (ku dhuuban saldhigga oo ay ka soo horjeedaan shiish alwaax ah) inta u dhaxaysa looxa hoose ee dhoobada iyo laydhka madaxa sare.
5. **XEERKA DHEXEEXDA MUHIIM AH - U dheggan si aad u taageerto, kor ha u qaadin ***: Adkee birta jaakadda birta ah ee la isku hagaajin karo kaliya ** kaliya ilaa iftiinka madaxa sare uu si adag ugu cadaadiyo xagga hoose ee isgoysyada sagxadda si ay u xajistaan ​​miisaankooda ***. Weligaa ha ku xidhin biraha jaakadda oo kor u dhaafaya dhowr senti mitir hal galabnimo si aad isku daydo inaad "heer u dhigto" sagxada musqusha ee kacsan; kor u qaadida musqusha si lama filaan ah ** waxay xiiri doontaa tuubooyinka biyaha naxaasta ah ee adag, xidhidh tuubooyinka shubka birta ah, oo dildillaac kasta oo gidaarka dhoobada ah ee musqusha ***.

quusitaanka qoto dheer 4: Xeerarka dayactirka qaab dhismeedka joogtada ah (Sababta aadan u tuuri karin gabal alwaax ah dabaq qudhuntay)¶

Markaad hagaajinayso sagxadda musqusha ee qudhuntay ee agagaarka musqusha ama musqusha, iska ilaali hiwaayadda "ku-daboolan" qaladka ah inaad si fudud u xoqdo xaashi khafiif ah oo ah 6-milimitir (¼-inch) luan plywood dusha sare ee qoyan, OSB qudhuntay (kaas oo dabinnada qoyaanka, dardargeliya qudhunka sagxadaha sagxadda, oo kor u qaada musqusha si qumman): dhererka dhererka

1. ** Ka goo dhammaan sagxadda-hoosaadka ee qudhuntay laga bilaabo xarunta-goysyada ilaa xarunta-goysyada**:
2. Deji qoto dheer oo miinshaar wareeg ah dhumucda saxda ah ee sagxada hoose ee jira (**19 milimitir / ¾ inch ** ee dabaqa hoose ee caadiga ah - waligaa ma qoto dheerayn, ama waxaad ku arki doontaa dusha sare ee sagxadaha sagxadda oo aad ku garaacdo tuubooyinka naxaasta ah ama fiilooyinka korantada ee si toos ah ugu xidhan dabaqa hoose).
3. Ka saar OSB-ga qudhuntay ama sabuuradda qurubka ah ilaa iyo dib ugu noqo qalalan, dhalaal, alwaax adag, samaynta gooyntaada ** khadka dhexe (19 mm / ¾ ee faruuryaha qaadidda)** ee xirmooyinka sagxadda ee kuugu dhow.
4. **Walaashay Taag Buuxa 2x10 Joists oo ay weheliyaan Kaabayaal kasta oo qudhmay ama si xad dhaaf ah loo arkay ***:
5. Ku buufi katiinadaha jira ** ka ilaali alwaax borate ** si aad u disho fangaska haray.
6. Iska yaree cadaadis cusub oo la daweeyay ama la qalajiyey ** 2x8 ama 2x10 joist ** (kordhinta ugu yaraan ** 90 sentimitir / 3 cagood oo dhaaftay qaybta qudhuntay ama la gooyay ee labada dhinac , ama ku habboon nasashada dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka laga bilaabo saxanka seeska ilaa laydhka dhexe), jaakad wejiga wejiga leh ** polyurethane, PLdhesh fluethane. Xididka xumaaday, oo ku xidh ** dhisme 8- sentimitir (3-⅛-inji ah) furayaasha alwaax qaab-dhismeed ama 16d musmaarrada fidsan 30 sentimitir (12 inji).
7. Ku rakib ** 2x8 ama 2x10 isgoysyada *** inta u dhaxaysa isgoysyada tooska ah ee hoose ee sagxadaha hoose ee cusub iyo dhammaan afarta dhinac ee 100-millimitir (4-inji) ee garabka musqusha si musqusha ay u xirto qaab adag halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd galmo khafiif ah.
8. ** Rakibi 19-Millimitir (¾-inji) Fasalka-Dibadda CDX ama Plywood Marine (Weligay Particleboard)**:
9. Ku beddel balastarrada dabaqa hoose ee musqusha adigoo isticmaalaya ** 19-milimitir (¾-inch) Plywood-Grade-Dibeedka (ama carrabka-iyo-jeexjeexyada qoyaanka u adkaysta sagxadaha hoose sida Advantech)** oo lagu dhejiyay dhejisyo leh dhejis dhisme dabaq hoose ah oo lagu maroojiyey 15 sentimitir kasta (6 inji) ciddiyo leh.
10. Dabool ** giraanta birta ah ee PVC/ABS flange musqusha *** si toos ah ugu korree heerka dabaqa dhammaatay adoo isticmaalaya birta-birta ama boolal naxaas ah (waligood ha ku dhejin gidaarka engegan, kaas oo miridhsan 18 bilood gudahood), oo musqusha u dhig ** giraanta dhumucda dheeriga ah ee la xoojiyay ama shaabad laastomeric wax aan lahayn.

Lambarada degdega ah ee gobolka iyo borotokoolka wakaalada¶

Haddii sagxadda musqusha ama saqafka hoose ay soo dunto, ku xirto qof deggan, ama ay dillaacdo biyaha, gaaska, ama xadhkaha korontada:

• Mareykanka iyo Kanada: Wac 911 (eeg nambarada degdega ah) isla markiiba haddii sagxadda dumay ay keento dhaawac ama xasillooni-darro qaab dhismeed. Heerarka leexinta sagxadda sagxadda, caajiska ah, iyo culeyska tooska ah (ugu yaraan ** 1.44 kPa / 30 psf ** ama ** 1.92 kPa / 40 psf ** culeyska tooska ah iyo ** L/360** xaddidaadda leexinta) waxaa xukuma *International Residential Code (IRC Qaybta R502)
• **United Kingdom : Wac 999 dhismo burbur ama xaalad degdeg ah oo koronto ah. Guryaha Boqortooyada Midowday, ** chipboard (P5 heerka sagxadaha qoyaanka ukaysta) *** iyo aagagga goynta alwaaxa ah ee la oggol yahay inta u dhaxaysa ** 0.07 iyo 0.25 ee dhereka ***, qoto dheer ** 025 x qoto dheer hoose *) si adag ay loo habeeyey iyada oo hoos timaada ** Xeerarka Dhismaha ee Dukumeenti la Ansixiyey A ( 125 x 1). (Eurocode 5), iyo Heerarka NHBC.
• Midowga Yurub: Wac 112 adeegyada degdega ah. Naqshadeynta sagxadda alwaaxa iyo qolka-qoyan (* Nassraum*) xuubka-celinta biyuhu waxay raacaan Eurocode 5 (EN 1995) iyo DIN 18534.
• Australia iyo New Zealand: Wac 000 gudaha Australia ama 111 gudaha New Zealand. Australia iyo New Zealand, burburka sagxada musqusha waxaa si ka hortag ah loo habeeyey sida hoos timaada AS 3740 (Biyo-ilaalinta Aagagga Qoyan ee Guriga) iyo ** Xeerka Dhismaha Qaranka (NCC)**, kaas oo faraya dabacsanaan joogto ah ** xuubka elastomeric biyo-ilaalinta ** wuxuu soo rogay gidaarada oo lagu xidhay qashinka sagxadda oo dhan
• Hindiya iyo Aasiya-Pacific : Wac 112 gudaha Hindiya ama 119 gudaha Japan iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya. Dalka Japan, sagxadaha musqusha ee alwaax-dhaqameedka ah (mokuzo) iyo sagxadaha saqafka ( dodai) ayaa ah goobta aasaasiga ah ee suuska bunni-ka qudhunka ah iyo * Coptotermes weerarka termite, taasoo horseedaysa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan guryaha casriga ah ee Jabbaan inay adeegsadaan hal gabal oo warshadaysan oo aan biyuhu lahayn.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Weelka qubeyska oo buuxa ma ku dhici karaa ilaa inta la soo maro dabaqa musqusha ee qudhuntay qolka hoose?¶

Marar dhif ah tubbada qubayska ee loo yaqaan 'acrylic' ama fiberglass ayaa si buuxda uga soo dhacda saqafka hal dhaqdhaqaaq sida kartoon, sababtoo ah tuubada ayaa ka ballaaran 40- sentimitir (16-inch) inta u dhaxaysa sagxadaha sagxadaha badan waxaana qayb ahaan lagu hayaa tuubooyinka derbiga iyo xargaha wareegyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa si joogto ah u dhaca (oo si isku mid ah wax u burburiya) waa in hal ama laba dabaq oo qudhuntay ama qoto dheer oo qotodheer ay ku hoos jiraan cagaha taageerada xoogga leh ee musqusha ama hoos u burburiyaan 5 ilaa 15 sentimitir (2 ilaa 6 inji) halka tuubada ay ka buuxaan 225 litir (60 gallon) oo biyo ah. Dhibicdaas 10 sentimitir ee lama filaanka ah waxay jeexjeexaysaa tuubada biyo-celinta naxaasta ah ee adag iyo tuubooyinka sahayda kulul/qabowgu kala fogaanayaan gudaha sagxadda, iyagoo ku daadinaya boqolaal litir oo biyo ah saqafka hoose ee derbiga engegan ilaa saqafka biyuhu ku dumaan qolka hoose. tubbada tubbada birta ah ee afar-cagood leh (kuwaas oo afarta lugood ee birta dhuuban ay ku urursan yihiin 500 kiiloogaraam/1,100 rodol oo dulsaar afar yar yar oo 5-sintimitir ah oo dabaq hoose ah) AYAA lugahooda si toos ah uga feeraya sabuurad qudhuntay ama OSB inta u dhaxaysa joists oo ay si xoog leh ugu tiiriyaan.

Ammaan ma tahay in la isticmaalo musqul waxyar u gilgilaya dhinac ilaa dhinac?¶

Maya. Musqulku waa inuusan waligii ruxin, leexin, ama dhaqaaqin xitaa 2 millimitir markaad ku fadhiisato. Xataa haddii alwaax sagxadda hoose ee hoose ay weli inta badan adag tahay, musqusha ruxaysa waxay jebisaa shaabadda shinnida ee aan laastikada ahayn/paraffin Wax Ring ee ku hoos jirta baaquli xagga leexashada ugu horreysa. Marka giraanta shayga lagu cadaadiyo hal dhinac, mar kasta oo aad biyo raaciso musqusha, 5 ilaa 10 boqolkiiba biyaha wasakhda cayriin ayaa si toos ah uga soo qulqulaya farqiga u dhexeeya sagxadda dhulka hoostiisa ee alwaax ee hoosta vinyl ama foornada, si aamusnaan ah u qurxiya sagxadaha sagxadda iyada oo u oggolaanaysa gaaska bulaacada sunta ah inuu galo musqusha. Haddii sagxaddu weli adag tahay, fur fur-fureyaasha armaajooyinka, silig musqulaha musqulaha ee adag hoostiisa ilaa aanay ruxi karin hal milimitir, ku celi musqusha giraan cusub, oo dhinaca hore iyo dhinacyada (kaga tag xagga dambe ee 10 sentimitir oo aan la daboolin sida farqiga sheeko-sheeko).

Waa maxay sababta tuubiyayaashu uga tagaan dhabarka dambe ee 10 sentimitir (4 inji) ee saldhigga musqusha oo aan lagu xidhin sagxada musqusha?¶

Xeerarka tuubooyinka caalamiga ah (IPC/UPC) waxay u baahan yihiin in la xidho saldhigga musqusha halkaasoo ay la kulmaan sagxadda si ay biyaha xaaqin iyo kaadidu aanay u hoos socon karin saldhigga bakteeriya, LAAKIIN tubooyinka xirfadlayaasha ah waxay had iyo jeer ka tagaan 10 sentimitir (4-inch) farqi aan la daboolin xagga dambe ee saldhigga musqusha ee ka dambeeya baaquli. Waa maxay sababtu? Sababtoo ah haddii aad silikoon-caulk 100 boqolkiiba wareegga hoose ee musqusha iyo giraanta wax-ku-oolka gudaha ayaa waligeed bilaaba inay soo daato, biyo-xireenka caulk wuxuu ku daboolayaa dhammaan biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka hooseeya musqusha halkaas oo aadan weligaa arki karin, ku qasbida wasakhda inay si toos ah ugu dhaadhacdo dabaqa hoose ee OSB / plywood laba sano ilaa inta musqusha oo dhan ka baxayso. Ka tagista farqi 10 sentimitir ah xagga dambe waxay u oggolaanaysaa daadad kasta oo giraanta wax-ku-soo-baxa ah inuu si muuqata uga soo baxo foornada ka dambaysa musqusha maalinta 1aad si aad u hagaajiso giraanta wax-gashiga ee $5 ka hor inta aanu burburin $4,000 dabaq hoose ah.

Sideen ku ogaan karaa in meel jilicsan oo sagxadda musqusha ku taal ay tahay sagxadda sare ee alwaax-hoosaadka oo qudhuntay vs. gogol jaban ee hoose?¶

Isticmaal "Tijaabada Isbadalka 16-Inch": sagxadaha sagxadaha guryaha ee la deggan yahay waxay barbar socdaan midba midka kale oo u dhexeeya 40 sentimitir (16 inji) marka laga reebo bartamaha ilaa bartamaha. Haddii sagxada musqusha ay dareemeyso meel kasta oo adag marka laga reebo hal yar oo 20-ilaa-30-santimitir (8-ilaa-12-inch) ah oo kuxiran dhinaca geeska qubeyska ama saldhigga musqusha, iyo guud ahaan dabaqa weli waa heer, 19-millimeter (3/4-inch) OSB ama dusha hoose ee plywood panel oo ku dhex jira inta u dhaxaysa laba joists ayaa qudhmay. Taa beddelkeeda, haddii god dheer oo 1.5-ilaa-2.5-mitir ah (5-ilaa-8-foot) ah oo dhulka hoostiisa ah uu hoos u dego, haddii qolka oo dhan uu u dhaadhaco hal darbi, haddii musqusha ay ka soo dhacdo foornada derbiga marka aad soo gasho, ama haddii gidaarka saqafka ee qolka hoose uu dillaaco iyada oo la raacayo xariiq toosan, mid ama in ka badan oo ka hooseeya dusha sare ee dusha sare leh.

Ma ku duri karaa epoxy ama qallajiye alwaax ah sagxadda musqusha ee qudhuntay ee ku wareegsan garabka musqusha intii aan ka jari lahaa alwaax?¶

Maya Marka dabaqa hoose ee musqusha ee ku hareeraysan garabka musqusha ama cagtu musqusha hoosteeda ay qudhunto ilaa ay gaadho meesha ay cagaha hoosteeda ku laallaabato ama u ogolaato musqusha musqusha inay furto, fiilooyinka alwaaxdu waxay lumiyeen xiiridooda qaabdhismeed iyo xoog koronto oo dhan 40 sentimitir (16-inch). Waa inaad gooysaa afargeeska qudhuntay ee sagxadda hoose oo aad dib ugu celisaa xariiqyada isgoysyada adag ee kuugu dhow, ku dheji 2x10 adag oo ku hoos jira cidhifyada iyo flange, oo hoos u dhig qayb cusub oo 19-milimitir ah (3/4-inch) alwaax heersare ah.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Burbur dhismo iyo dumay dhismo
• Saqafka oo dumay, gidaar-engegan oo biyuhu gooyeen, iyo khatarta soo degista balastarrada
• Meel gurguurta oo daadad ah, biyaha taagan guriga hoostiisa, iyo soo saarista khatarta korontada
• Raxan daba-dheer, qudhaanjada nijaarrada, iyo laydhka qaab-dhismeedku oo fashilmay
• Biyo-biyoodka ama aquarium-ka weyn oo dillaaca iyo daad dhisme dabaq-sare ah

Ilaha iyo hanuuninta rasmiga ah¶

• ** Golaha Xeerarka Caalamiga ah (ICC) - Xeerka Deganaanshaha Caalamiga ah (IRC Qaybta R502 & R307):** * Dhisidda Dabaqadda Dhismeed ee Alwaax, Xaddidaadda Ugu Badan ee La Ogol yahay iyo Xaddidaadda caajiska ee Joists Sawn Lumber, iyo Heerarka leexinta sagxada-hoosaadka musqusha*.
• ** Adeegga Kaymaha USDA - Shaybaadhka Alaabta Kaymaha (FPL):** * Buuga-gacmeedka alwaax: Alwaax sidii Qalab Injineer ah (Mechanics of Brown-Rot Fungal Depolymerization iyo Luminta Xoojinta Dabacsanaanta Degdegga ah Kahor Khasaaraha Badan)*.
• ** Golaha Tile ee Waqooyiga Ameerika (TCNA) & ANSI A108:** * Buug-gacmeedka loogu rakibo dhoobada, dhalooyinka, iyo dhoobada dhagaxa (Shuruudaha Adayga dabaqa hoose ee L/360 iyo Membranes Biyo-ilaalinta-Qoyan)*.
• Hay'adda Maareynta Gurmadka Degdegga ah ee Federaalka (FEMA): * Buugga Farsamo-yaqaanka Qaab-dhismeed Dhismeed ee Nidaamka Ka-jawaabista US&R - Toosan Kaddib-iyo-madaxeed Shoing iyo Qaybinta Xamuulka Mudsill*.
• ** Hay'adda Heerarka Ingiriiska (BSI):** * TS EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5: Nakhshadeynta Qaab-dhismeedka alwaaxyada) & Dukumeenti La Ansixiyay A - Goobaha La Oggolaanayo ee Qodista iyo Qodista Dhulka