Fiishka Arc-ka Korontada, Qarxitaanka Arc, iyo Gurmadka Qalab-bedelashada Voltage-sare¶

Marka cillad koronto ama wareegga-wejiga-ilaa-wejiga gaaban ay ka dhacdo gudaha-amperage-sare ee qalabka warshadaha ee saddex-waji ah, xarun kontorool oo 480-volt ah ganacsi (MCC), korantada korantada, ama qaybta korantada sare, khatartu maaha oo kaliya shoog koronto oo faraha laga dhex qaado, waa qarax ** koronto koronto iyo qarax. Marka furaha la tuuray, baaritaanka multimeter-ka siibanaya, dooliga, qoyaanka raadraaca, ama xidhidhiyaha xidhidhiyaha xidhiidhka buundooyinka labada bus ee tamarta leh, hawada u dhaxaysa kirishbooyada waxay isku dhejisaa kanaalka balaasmaha korantada. In ka yar 0.01 ilaa 0.1 ilbiriqsi (jajab il bibiqsi ah), kumanaan amperes ee khaladka hadda jira ayaa kor u kacaya farqiga hawada, taasoo dhalinaysa xudunta korantada oo gaadhaysa ** ilaa 19,400 darajo Celsius (35,000 darajo Fahrenheit) *, ku dhawaad ​​ afar jeer ka kulul dusha qorraxda.

Marka la joogo 19,000 darajo Celsius, naxaasta adag iyo baska aluminiumku kaliya kama dhalaalin; isla markiiba waxay ku soo baxaan uumi aad u saraysa qarax arc. Naxaasta adag waxay balaarineysaa ** 67,000 jeer mugga *** marka ay ka soo ifbaxdo birta adag una gudubto uumi aad u kulul, taasoo abuureysa mawjad shoog ah oo ka badan 165 decibels iyo boqollaal kilopascals oo cadaadis ah oo ka afuufo albaabbada birta culus ee albaabbada, ku tuuraya koronto-yaqaanka dib u soo celinta qolka, buufinaya dhibco naxaas ah oo ka sarreeya 3 mitir saacaddii * 0 mayl oo shido shaadhka shaqada synthetic ee aan qaangaadhka ahayn ee ka dhigaya baco dhalaalay oo laabta dhibbanaha. Ogaanshaha sababta aadan waligaa u taaban dhibbanaha weli ku qaboojiyay guddi tamar leh iyada oo aan la qiimeynin jilbaha samatabbixinta fiberglass ama safarka wareegga sare, sababta nigisyada synthetic iyo shaararka polyester-ka ay u dhalaalaan maqaarka inta lagu jiro fallaadhaha arc, iyo sida loo maareeyo isku-darka gubashada marin-haweedka kuleylka ah ee nafta halis geliya, fibrillation ventricular, iyo qaraxa dhaawac ayaa badbaadiya nolosha.

Hadda samee tan¶

1. ** Waligaa ha ku qabsan qof kula shaqeeya gacmahaaga ama ha galin kabadh koronto oo furan iyadoo qalabka wax lagu beddelo laga yaabo inuu weli tamar sii jiro. eeg shoog koronto.
2. **Isku daaci dharka gubanaya ("Jooji, Dul, oo Roll" ama biyo ku shub KALIYA ka dib marka dhibbanuhu gabi ahaanba ka nadiifiyo qalabka korontada nool) Marka dhibbanaha laga soo saaro aagga khatarta korantada, ku daadi dharka qiiqaya biyo qabow ama dabka ku dab buste dhogor ah.
3. ** Wac lambarkaaga deg-degga ah (911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 gudaha Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska) isla markiiba. dhaawac**; hubi nambarada degdega ah.
4. **Isla markiiba iska hubi neefsashada iyo garaaca garaaca marka dhibbanuhu uu joogo dhul nabdoon, oo dir Automated External Defibrillator (AED) 2 daqiiqo gudahood. shoog beddelka-immika ah ayaa had iyo jeer dhaliya fibrillation ventricular kaas oo lagu beddeli karo shoog defibrillator waqti ku habboon; eeg CPR.
5. **Flash qabow qaboow wuxuu ku gubaa biyo qabow oo socda muddo 20 daqiiqo ah, laakiin waligaa ha ka bixin dharka ama dharka synthetic ee dhalaalay ee ku dheggan maqaarka gubtay. eeg gubasho daran iyo dareere kiimiko.
6. La soco codka dhibbanaha iyo neefsashadiisa si joogto ah cunaha barar degdeg ah (mareenka neefsashada ayaa gubanaya) Nuujinta balaasmaha kuleylka sarreeya iyo uumiga sunta ah ee naxaasta/ozone inta lagu jiro qaraxa arc wuxuu gooyaa larynx iyo trachea; Haddii dhibbanuhu uu afka ku wareegsan yahay, timaha wejiga u heesa, xabeeb, ama hiinraag (stridor), u fadhiisi iyaga oo toosan 45 darajo (haddii uu miyir qabo iyo laf-dhabarta-ammaan) si loo yareeyo xiritaanka marin-haweedka nafta halis gelinaya ilaa ay dhakhaatiirta caafimaadku geli karaan.

flowchart TD
    Start["Fiishka Arc-ka Korontada, Qarxinta Arc, ama Gurmadka Qalabka Bedelaada"] --> SceneSafe{"Dhibbanuhu weli miyuu taabanayaa mise gudaha guddida tamarta leh?"}
    SceneSafe -->|"Haa: Taabashada Basbaarrada Tooska ah / Guddi"| DeEnergize["1. Gacmo qaawan ha ku taaban dhibbanaha<br/>2. Kor-u-socod jabiyaha weyn/ku dhufo badhanka Shunt-Trip ee fog<br/>3. AMA ka saar dhibbanaha adigoo isticmaalaya qaboojiyaha samatabbixinta ee fiberglas-ka lagu qiimeeyay"]
    SceneSafe -->|"Maya: Lagu Tuuray Bannaanka"| DragClear["Ka soo saar dhibbanaha khasnadaha korantada ee qiiqu ka buuxo haddii uu ka badbaado baararka baska ee nool"]
    DeEnergize --> Extinguish["Dami dharka gubanaya MARKII dhibbanuhu ka nadiifiyo qalabka korontada<br/>"]
    DragClear --> Extinguish
    Extinguish --> CheckLife{"Dhibbanuhu miyuu miyir qabaa oo si caadi ah u neefsanayaa?"}
    CheckLife -->|"Maya: Aan ka jawaabin / aan Neefta lahayn"| CPR["1. Bilow CPR isla markiiba (30:2 ama cadaadis joogto ah) <br/>2. Codso suufka AED (ka tirtir laabta engegan / meel ka fog eschar gubtay haddii loo baahdo) <br/>3. Bixi shoog haddii ay ku taliso AED"]
    CheckLife -->|"Haa: Neefsashada"| AirwayBurn["1. Hubi gubashada kulaylka marin-haweedka (codka xabeebsan, stridor, danbas afka)<br/>2. Qabow waxay ku gubataa biyo qabow oo socda 20 daqiiqo (ha diirin dharka ku dheggan) <br/>3. Qiimee sambabada qaraxa, xuubka dhegta ee dillaacsan, iyo dhaawaca laf dhabarta"]

Fahamka labada fiisigiska: Arc Flash vs. Arc Blast¶

Dad badan ayaa ku wareersan ** shoog koronto** (halka korontadu ay ku dhex socoto jirka bini'aadamka sababtoo ah qofku taabto kirishbooyada tamarta leh) ** arc flash iyo arc blast ** (halkaas oo ay hadda ku qulqulaan hawada inta u dhaxaysa kirishbooyada wejiga ama marxaladda dhulka, sii daaya kulayl iftiin leh iyo mawjad cadaadis qarxa ah oo dili karta qof taagan **3 ilaa 6 mitir / 10 cagood xitaa haddii aysan taaban silig).

Waxaa cajiib ah, qaar ka mid ah qaraxyada ugu rabshadaha badan iyo kuwa dilaaga ah kuma dhacaan munaaradaha gudbinta 100,000-volt, laakiin ** 480-volt ama 600-volt saddex weji oo qaybinta warshadaha *** oo ay quudiyaan transformers-ka hoose ee waaweyn, sababtoo ah khaladka hadda jira (amperage) waa mid aad u weyn oo magnetic-volt wuxuu dib u dhigayaa waqti sare

1. Fiishka Arc ( shucaaca kulaylka 19,400°C/35,000°F)¶

Marka fallaadho koronto ay ka soo baxdo farqiga u dhexeeya 480-volt ama 13.8-kilovolt busbars, iska caabbinta korantada ee hawada ionized waxay u beddeshaa megawatts tamarta korantada si toos ah tamarta shucaaca korantada (infrared, muuqata, iyo iftiinka ultraviolet) iyo jet balasma ah oo aad u kulul:

• Tamar kulaylka dhacdada (oo lagu qiyaasay kalooriyo halkii sentimitir labajibbaaran, \(\text{cal/cm}^2\)): Hoosta NFPA 70E (Heerka Badbaadada Korantada ee Goobta Shaqada), tamar shil ah oo kaliya \(1.2\text{cal/cm}^2\), oo u dhiganta in fartaada lagu qabto caarada 1, sigaarka ** darajo-labaad (qayb- dhumucdiisuna) gubasho** maqaarka qaawan.
• Qalab toosan oo 480-volt ah oo aan la dhimin 45 sentimitir (18 inji) laga soo bilaabo laabta korantada ayaa si joogto ah u sii daaya 8 ilaa in ka badan \(40\qoraalka cal/cm}^2\) in ka yar 0.2 ilbiriqsi, isla markiiba kaarboon ka saaraya maqaarka aan la ilaalin oo shidaya suufka caadiga ah ama dharka polyesterka.
• Waa maxay sababta dharka synthetic (polyester, naylon, spandex, polypropylene) ay u tahay masiibo: Xitaa haddii shaqaaluhu xidho daboolka sare ee ololka u adkaysta (FR), haddii ay xidhaan shaadhka jimicsiga caadiga ah ee qoyaanka-qashinka ah ama nigiska hoostiisa oo tamar dhacdadu ka sarrayso qiimaynta dharka sare (ama daboolka daboolan ayaa ah mid aad u daran) polyester at 250 darajo Celsius (480 darajo Fahrenheit) ku rid napalm caag ah oo karkarinaya kaas oo si qoto dheer ugu dhex dara maqaarka maqaarka.

2. Qarxitaanka Arc (67,000x uumiga naxaasta iyo mawjadaha naxdinta sare leh)¶

Isla mar ahaantaana leh iftiinka kulaylka ee indho-la'aanta ah, hadda kacsan wuxuu uumi saarayaa baska adag ee naxaasta ama aluminiumka wuxuuna si degdeg ah u kululeeyaa hawada gudaha xayndaabka beddelka birta:

• Balaadhinta wejiga 67,000-ilaa-1: Is barbar dhig biyaha (kaas oo balaadhiya 1,600 ilaa 1,700 jeer marka uu uumi ku ifayo) ** naxaas adag, kaas oo balaadhinaya 67,000 jeer mugga marka uumi koronto
• Xiriir sare iyo cadaadis xad dhaaf ah: Balaarintan degdega ah waxay abuurtaa mowjad cadaadis qarax ah oo ka badan 50 ilaa 100 kilopascals (1,000 ilaa 2,000 rodol cag laba jibaaran) gudaha albaabka golaha. Birta birta ah ee xidhan waxay dabooshaa in ay xiirto fiilooyinka waxayna u duulaan qolka oo dhan sida dabaylaha guillotine; Dhibcaha la shubay ee naxaasta ah iyo birta taabashada lacagta ah waxay ku buufinayaan dibadda ** in ka badan 300 mitir ilbiriqsikii (700 mayl saacaddii)**, oo ku dhex milmay maqaarka iyo indhaha; iyo 140-ilaa-165-decibel acoustic shockwave ayaa isla markiiba dilaaca xuubabka tympanic (dhag-dhagaha) isla markaaba shaqaalaha dib ugu soo tuuraya gidaarada shubka ah ama mishiinada.

Samatabbixin tillaabo-tallaabo ah qolka beddelka ama isteeshinka¶

Wajiga 1: Badbaadada muuqaalka iyo soo saarista dhibbanaha oo tamar leh¶

Marka fallaadh fallaadho ah ay kor u kacdo gudaha qolka korantada, hawadu waxay isla markiiba ka buuxinaysaa qiiq cufan, madow iyo cawlan oo ka kooban oxide naxaas ah oo uumi ka samaysan yahay, dabka epoxy dahaarka, iyo ozone. Badanaa, safarrada jabinta ugu weyn ee kor u kaca waxay ku furmaan millise seconds, ** laakiin waa inaadan waligaa u qaadan in guddigu dhintay ***:

• Xataa haddii jabiyaha laanta uu jabo, ** lugaha xariiqda soo galaya iyo baska sare *** ee gudaha golaha wasiirada ayaa ku sii jiraya tamarta tamarta buuxda (480V, 4,160V, ama 13.8kV).

• Intaa waxaa dheer, hagaajinta koronto-warshadaha waaweyn ** bangiyada awoodda *** iyo sahayda korontada ee aan kala go'a lahayn (UPS) Xadhkaha baytariyada DC waxay kaydiyaan kharashyada korantada ee dilaaga ah dhowr daqiiqo xitaa ka dib marka la furo tamarta korontada.

• ** Marka hore u kaxee feediyaha korka ah ama badhanka korantada degdega ah ee fog (EPO):** Ka eeg albaabka qolka korantada bannaanka ama albaabka adeega muhiimka ah ee fog Korantada degdega ah (EPO) badhanka likaha ama jabiyaha guud ee kore oo isla markiiba jiid.

• Isticmaal jillaab samatabbixineed oo lagu qiimeeyay fiberglass-ka (Jidhka Samatabbixinta Jidhka): Qol kasta oo korantada korantada sare leh iyo qayb-hoosaadyadu waa inay lahaadaan huruud dhalaalaya ama liimi ** fiilo samatabbixineed oo dahaaran ** (sida caadiga ah 1.8 ilaa 2.4 mitir / 6 ilaa 8 cagood oo dheer, lagu qiimeeyay oo lagu tijaabiyay 45 ilaa 75 kiiloot) derbiga kor loo qaaday.
• Istaag dhulka engegan ama sariirta saqafyada caagga ah oo dahaaran oo ka baxsan xuduudka fallaadhoda.
• Sibidhka caarada caarada ah ee C-ballaaran ee ku wareegsan dhibbanaha ** dhexda, laabta, ama kilkilooyinka hoostooda** oo si tartiib ah gadaal uga soo jiid kabadhada beddelka ilaa ay ka gelayaan waddo cad oo ammaan ah.
• Weligaa ha isticmaalin tuubo bir ah, bir qoyan oo alwaax ah, ama xadhig nayloon si aad dhibbanaha uga saartid qalabka korantada sare ka sarreeya 600 volts; Xadhkaha dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa sarreeyaba, raadadka hadda jira ayaa isla markiiba hoos u dhigaya qoryo qoyan ama xadhig wasakh ah.
• ** Isticmaal kaliya heerka C ee lagu qiimeeyay dab-damiska aan shaqaynayn (CO2 ama Kiimiko Qalalan) haddii dahaarka korantada uu gubanayo:** Weligaa ha ku buufin dab-bakhtiye lacag ah oo la cadaadiyo, bakhtiiye xumbo Class A, ama tuubada dabka gudaha khasn koronto ilaa tas-hiilaadku ka xaqiijiyo tamar-dejin dhammaystiran.

Wajiga 2: Soo kicinta wadnaha degdega ah (CPR iyo AED)¶

Firfircoonaanta sare iyo wershadaha saddexda weji ee korontadu waxay isla markiiba dilaan wadno xidhid ( ventricular fibrillation or ventricular asystole ) ama ** xidhidh neefsiga dhexe** (tetanic curyaan ah diaphragm ama fajacida xarunta neefsiga ee jirridda maskaxda). Sababtoo ah dhibbanayaasha shilalka korantada ee goobta shaqada waa qaangaar caafimaad qaba oo wadnahooda kaliya ay ka istaageen qaska garaaca korantada halkii ay xirmi lahaayeen halbowlayaasha halbowlayaasha wadnaha, ** fursada ay ku badbaadaan waa mid aad u sareysa haddii CPR iyo AED defibrillation ay bilaabaan 3 ilaa 5 daqiiqo gudahood ***:

1. Qiimee jawaabcelinta iyo neefsashada caadiga ah wax aan ka badnayn 10 ilbiriqsi: Marka dhibbanaha laga saaro khatarta korontada, taabo garbkooda oo fiiri laabtooda. Iska daa gaab gaaban, aan joogto ahayn, khuurada (** neefta xaga hore**), kuwaas oo ah calaamad wadne istaag, ee aan ahayn neefsashada caadiga ah.
2. ** Bilow cadaadis laabta isla markiiba (100 ilaa 120 daqiiqaddii, 5 ilaa 6 sentimitir / 2 ilaa 2.4 inji oo qoto dheer):** Si adag oo degdeg ah ugu riix bartamaha xabadka; Haddii la tababaro, bixi 30 cadaadis oo ay ku xigto 2 neefsasho samatabbixin ah (gaar ahaan halis ah haddii shooggu uu keeno curyaan neefsiga aasaasiga ah iyada oo wadnuhu uu weli sii socdo); eeg CPR.
3. ** Codso Automated Defibrillator Dibadeed (AED) korka maqaarka xabadka oo gubtay:**
4. Iska yaree ama ka saar dhinaca hore ee shaadhka dhibbanaha
5. Haddii maqaarka xabadku leeyahay ** fallaadh fallaadh gubasho ama finan *, isku day inaad labada xabagta AED ku dhejiso maqaarka aan weli gubnayn ee booska caadiga ah (xabadka midig ee sare oo ka hooseeya lafta lafaha, feeraha bidix ee hoose ee kilkilada hoose) ama meel ** hore- danbe (hore iyo-dhabar) haddii xabadka hore ee xabadku gubtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ** haddii laabta oo dhami gubato, suufka AED si toos ah u dul saar maqaarka gubtay si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, bixinta shoogga nafta badbaadinta si loo joojiyo fibrillation ventricular had iyo jeer waxay mudnaan siinaysaa gubashada maqaarka.

Marxaladda 3: Maaraynta neefsashada neef-mareenka ee nafta-halis gelisa gubanaya iyo gubashada maqaarka balaasmaha¶

Marka dhibbanuhu uu neefsado oo uu yeesho garaaca wadnaha, diiraddaada isla markiiba waxay u wareegaysaa ** marinka hawada sare** iyo **gubashada kulaylka qoto dheer ***:

1. Aqoonso oo u joogso bararka marin-haweedka kulul ee degdega ah¶

Marka shaqaaluhu uu hor istaago gole bannaan oo furan inta lagu jiro qaraxa arc, mawjada naxdinta leh waxay inta badan ku qasbeysaa inay si firfircoon u neefsadaan sida daruurta balaasmaha ee 19,000-degree iyo uumiga naxaasta ah ayaa wejigooda ku dhuftay:

• Calaamadaha digniinta ee marin-haweedka xiran ee soo socda: Bushimaha gubanaya ama finan, afka ama sanka oo danbas ah, sunniyaha iyo timaha sanka ee sanka ah, ** cod xabeeb ah ama nacas ah**, qufac joogto ah, dhibaato liqidda candhuufta, ama ** dhawaaq qaylo sare leh marka la neefsanayo (stridor)**.
• ** Maxay tahay sababta daqiiqad kasta loo tiriyo:** kulaylka iyo kiimikooyinka gubanaya gudaha pharynx iyo larynx waxay sababaan barar dareere ah oo aad u weyn kaas oo si buuxda u xidhi kara xadhkaha codka gudaha 15 ilaa 45 daqiiqo, taasoo ka dhigaysa xataa galinta qolka degdega ah mid aan suurtogal ahayn iyada oo aan la helin marin hawo-mareeneed (cricothyrotomy).
• ** Ficil degdeg ah Cufisjiidku waxa uu yareeyaa qulqulka dareeraha ee qoorta iyo cunaha. Weligaa ha siin wax ay cunaan ama cabbaan, isla markiibana u dig shaqaalaha caafimaadka markay yimaadaan si ay goor hore u sugaan marin-haweedka.

2. Gargaarka degdega ah ee gubashada fallaadhaha iyo dharka dhalaalay¶

1. ** Ku daadi maqaarka gubtay biyo qabow oo qabow oo qulqulaya 20 daqiiqo:** Isticmaal biyo nadiif ah oo qabow (15 ilaa 20 darajo Celsius / 59 ilaa 68 darajo Fahrenheit) si aad u soo saarto kulaylka qarsoon ee lakabyada maqaarka ee qotodheer oo jooji necrosis unug horumarsan; eeg gubasho.
2. Ka ilaali hypothermia gubashada waaweyn: Haddii fallaadhoda arc gubto in ka badan 15 ilaa 20 boqolkiiba Aagga Dusha Jidhka ee Dhibbanaha (TBSA), qabooji gubashada si kooban si aad u damiso kulaylka ka dibna ku duub bukaanka go'yaal nadiif ah oo qallalan iyo bustayaal diirran oo sare ah; Biyaha qabow ee daba dheeraada ee ku qulqulaya meelaha ballaaran ee jirka waxay sababaan hypothermia dilaa ah bukaannada shoogga gubashada.
3. ** Waligaa ha iska soo bixin nigisyada la dhalaaliyay ee dhalaalay ama dhar gubtay oo ku dheggan maqaarka:** Adigoo isticmaalaya xiirimaha dhaawaca, gooya dharka dabacsan ee ku hareeraysan cidhifyada gubashada, adigoo ka tagaya wax kasta oo dhejis ah oo marada ah oo aan dhibsanayn sariirta dhaawaca.
4. ** Isla markiiba ka saar dhammaan faraantiyada birta ah, saacadaha curcurka, suunka, iyo kabaha:** Gacmaha, curcurada, iyo cagaha gubtay waxay bararaan laba jeer cabbirkooda caadiga ah 30 daqiiqo gudahooda dhaawac kuleyl ama koronto-sare ah; bandka arooska ee looga tago far guban ayaa noqonaysa dalxiis ciriiri ah oo keena gangrene iyo goynta.
5. ** Ku duub si dabacsan u gubta filim caag ah oo nadiif ah (dherer u qotoma) ama go'yaal nadiif ah oo qallalan:** Ha marsan subagga, dufanka, boomaatada warshadaha, ama baraf si aad u liidato gubashada. Duub caag nadiif ah oo guriga ka sameysan oo nadiif ah u dhig gubashada la qaboojiyey (waligaa si adag ha ugu duubin xubin goobaabin ah, taasoo xannibaysa bararka) si aad u xannibto qulqulka hawada, taasoo si weyn u yaraynaysa xanuunka gubashada, nabarkana ka dhig mid nadiif ah ilaa inta laga gaadhayo Xarunta Gubashada gobolka.

Wajiga 4: Dhaawaca muruqa korantada sare ee gudaha qarsoon¶

Haddii korantada sare ee hadda jirta ay dhab ahaantii soo martay gacmaha ama lugaha korontoyaqaanka (marka lagu daro flash-ka dibadda ah), xasuuso "Iceberg Principle" ee koronto-koronto-sare:

• Sababtoo ah lafaha ayaa leh iska caabbinta korantada ugu sareysa ee unug kasta oo jirka ah, koronto socodka kor u kaca cududdu waxay kululeysaa humerus qoto dheer, radius, iyo lafaha ulna heerkul aad u daran, ** karinta muruqyada qoto dheer ee lafaha gudaha gudaha dibadda
• Saacado gudahood, muruqa qoto dheer ee la kariyey wuxuu ku bararaa gudaha fasciyada fibre-jiifka ah ee cidhiidhiga ah (** cillad qaybta degdega ah **) waxayna ku daadataa xaddi badan oo casaan-brown myoglobin ah waxayna u rogi doontaa dhiigga, taasoo u rogi doonta kaadida bukaanka maroon madow ("midab shaaha leh" ama "Kaadi midab-midab leh"; eeg burburka dhaawaca iyo cilladda qaybta.
• Weligaa ha u oggolaan shaqaalaha ay ku dhacday shoog koronto-sare ama fallaadh fallaadho ah inuu "ka baxo" oo uu guriga aado, xitaa haddii ay dareemaan 10 daqiiqo ka dib; Xidhiidh kasta oo koronto-guud ah ama badbaadaha fallaadhaha arc wuxuu u baahan yahay telemetry wadnaha wadnaha, serum creatine kinase (CK) shaybaadhka dhiigga, baadhista kaadida, iyo qiimaynta gubashada qalliinka.

Marxaladda 5: Dhaawaca qaraxa dhawaaqa, dhaawacyada UV ee indhaha, iyo dhicitaanka sare¶

Marka laga soo tago xiritaanka wadnaha iyo gubashada maqaarka, fiisigiska rabshadaha wata ee qaraxa arc wuxuu gaystaa seddex dhaawac oo labaad oo kala duwan kuwaas oo u baahan daryeel goobta la beegsaday:

1. Dhagaha dhagaha ee dillaacay (daloolin xuubabka tympanic) iyo jaahwareer maskaxeed: Sababtoo ah qarax ka soo baxa warshaduhu wuxuu abuuraa mawjadda cadaadiska 140-165-decibel ee meel bannaan, koronto yaqaan yaaban oo ka badbaaday qaraxa wuxuu si joogto ah u ahaan doonaa ** si ku-meel-gaar ah ama si joogto ah u dhego-la'aan**, labadaba dhiig-bax daran oo ka imanaya hal mid ama mid aad u daran. barotrauma-dhegta gudaha. Si tartiib ah ugu hadal aragtida cad ee dhibbanaha, isticmaal dhaqdhaqaaqyada gacanta si aad u dejiso, oo dhig faashad faashad nadiif ah oo dabacsan dibadda dhegta dhiigaysa (waligaa faashad ha ku xidhin marinka dhegta ama ha ku shubin dhegta dareere).
2. Ultraviolet photokeratitis ("Arc Eye") iyo bir dhalaalaysa oo jirkeeda shisheeyaha ah: Iftiinka ultraviolet ee xooggan iyo buufinta dhibco naxaas ah oo uumi ah ayaa dhuujiya dusha sare ee cornea haddii gaashaanka wejiga ee koronto-yaqaanku uu kor u kacay ama la garaacay. Haddi dhibbanuhu uu ka sheego dareen "cammuud kulul oo indhaha ah" oo xun, aragga aragga, ama dareenka iftiinka ee xanuunka leh, ** ha xoqin indhaha; Labada indhoodba si khafiif ah ugu dabool suuf milix ah oo nadiif ah oo qabow oo qoyan (ama gaashaan adag oo indhaha ah haddii jajab bir ah uu soo galo adduunka) ilaa dhakhtarka indhaha uu eego iyaga; eeg shay qalaad oo isha ah, naaxinta xudunta, iyo tooshka alxanka.
3. ** Jabka laf dhabarta iyo dhaawaca maskaxeed ee ka yimaada qaraxa tuurista:** Haddii mowjadda cadaadiska xad dhaafka ah ay shaqaalaha ka soo tuurto jaranjarada fiberglass, ka soo baxa barxadda beddelka sare, ama dib ugu laabashada gidaarka shubka ah ee ka soo horjeeda, ilaali buug-gacmeedka ** xasilinta laf-dhabarka ilmo-galeenka ee gudaha ilmo-galeenka eeg dhaawacyada laf dhabarta iyo dhaawacyo madaxa.

Badbaadada qalabka korantada iyo liiska hubinta u diyaarsanaanta PPE¶

Kahor intaadan furin golaha korantada wershadaha, xarunta kontoroolka mootada, ama boosaska beddelka ee cilad-baadhista ama beddelidda, xaqiiji caqabadahan badbaadada nolosha ee NFPA 70E/HSE HSG85:

• ** Samee xaalad shaqo oo badbaado leh oo koronto ah (De-tamar ka bixi iyo Quful/Tagout mar kasta oo ay suurtogal tahay):** Sida waafaqsan NFPA 70E iyo sharciga badbaadada korantada ee caalamiga ah, shaqada tamarta nool waa mamnuuc ilaa tamar-dejintu ay keento khatar weyn (sida xidhitaanka taageerada nolosha isbitaalka ama marawaxadaha hawo) ama aan la tijaabin karin (sida korantada). Had iyo jeer raac Tijaabada-Kahor Taabashada ("Live-Dead-Live"): tijaabi CAT III/CAT IV voltmeter-kaaga lagu qiimeeyay il nool oo la yaqaan, tijaabi baska bartilmaameedka weji-ilaa-weji iyo weji-ilaa-dhul si aad u xaqiijiso eber volts, oo dib u tijaabi mitirkaaga isha la yaqaan ee nool si loo caddeeyo in mitirku aanu jabin.
• Akhri Calaamadda Digniinta Khatarta Arc oo xidho Arc-Rated (AR) PPE ku habboon: Hubi summada golaha wasiirrada ee Arc Flash Boundary fogaanta iyo Tamarta Dhacdada (\(\text{cal/cm}^2\)) masaafada shaqada (ama Qaybta PPE 1 ilaa 4, oo u dhaxaysa \(4\qoraalka {cal/cm} **\)40\text{cal/cm}^2$ daboolka suudhka qaabka bamka ee lakabka badan leh iyo jaakad**), oo lagu daray galoofyada caagga ah ee lagu qiimeeyay korantada oo leh difaac maqaar ah iyo ilaalinta dhegta dielectric (kanaal-geli dhegaha dhegaha si looga hortago dillaaca dhegta).
• ** Xidho 100% suufka dabiiciga ah, dhogorta, ama lakabyada salka lagu qiimeeyay ee hoostiisa FR, waligaa polyester, naylon, ama shaadhka ciyaaraha fudud ee dharka hoostiisa, oo iska saar dhammaan giraanta birta, saacadaha, silsiladaha, iyo muraayadaha birta ah.
• ** Istaag dhanka jilbaha oo ka jeedi wejigaaga marka aad xayndaabyada fuushanayso ama aad tuurayso kabaallayaasha kala goysa:** Haddii aan la rakibin matoorka fog ama beddelka fogaanta, istaag ** dhinaca dhinca ee albaabka golaha birta ee xiran ** (adiga oo isticmaalaya gacantaada bidix haddii kabaalku uu yaallo midigta, markaa jirkaaga iyo wadnahaaga ayaa gabi ahaanba ka baxay dariiqa albaabka furan, si kedis ah u tuur albaabka).
• ** Marxaladda samatabbixinta fiberglass-ka iyo AED ee ka baxsan Soohdinta Arc Flash:** Kahor intaadan samayn beddelka khatarta sare leh ama tijaabinta maqnaanshaha-korontada, dhig qalab samatabbixineed oo lagu qiimeeyay fiberglass iyo AED oo isla markiiba gaari kara qof heegan ah oo badbaado u go'ay kaas oo sidoo kale xidhan PPE-ga oo buuxa.

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Sidee buu u gubi karaa qof aan xitaa taaban fiilooyinka?¶

Falaash koronto ahi waxa ay dhacdaa marka uu hadda amperage-sare ahi uu ka soo boodo hawada inta u dhaxaysa labada weji kirishbooye ama kirishboyga ilaa golaha birta ee dhulka ah (tusaale, haddi qalabku simbiriiro, boodhka/qoyaanka buundooyinka insulator-ka ah, ama wareegtada wareegtadu ay fashilanto marka la xidho). Daboolka korantada ayaa hawada u rogaya balasma oo gaarta ilaa 19,400 darajo Celsius (35,000 darajo Fahrenheit) waxayna uumi ka dhigtaa baska adag ee naxaasta ah daruur balasma ah oo si degdeg ah u fidaysa. Qaraxani waxa uu iftiiminayaa tamar kuleyl aad u daran oo infrared iyo ultraviolet wuxuuna ku buufiyaa balaasmaha kulul iyo birta dhalaalaysa ee qolka oo dhan ilaa dhowr mitir, taasoo u horseedaysa gubasho heerka saddexaad ah qof kasta oo taagan gudaha Soohdinta Arc Flash xitaa haddii aanay waligood taaban qayb tamar leh.

Waa maxay sababta ay khatar u tahay in la xidho shaadhka jimicsiga ee polyester-ka ama qoyaanka-qoyaanka hoostiisa ee hoostiisa dharka shaqada ee u adkaysta ololka (FR)?¶

Dharka sare ee u adkaysta ololka iyo fallaadhoda (AR) waxa loo farsameeyay in ay is-damiyaan iyaga oo aan dhalaalin marka ay soo gaadhaan kulaylka aadka u daran ee fallaadhaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kulaylka aadka u ba'an ayaa weli ka gudbi kara marada dibadda ah, ama ka geli kara qoor furan, oo gaaraya shaadhka hoostiisa. Fiilooyinka synthetic sida polyester, naylon, polypropylene, iyo spandex ma soo baxaan; Waxay ku dhalaaliyaan caag dareere ah oo dhegdhegaysan, karkarinaysa qiyaastii 250 darajo Celsius (480 darajo Fahrenheit). Marka shaadhka kastuumada ama nigisyadu ay ku dhalaalaan laabta ama gumaarka shaqaalaha inta lagu jiro fallaadho fallaadho ah, balaastigga dhalaalku wuxuu si qoto dheer ugu dhex milmaa maqaarka gubtay, taasoo u beddeleysa gubasho dusha sare ah oo la badbaadin karo oo masiibo ah gubashada qalliinka dhumucda buuxda. Had iyo jeer xidho boqolkiiba 100 suuf dabiici ah oo aan dhalaalaynin, dhogorta, ama lakabyada salka lagu qiimeeyay ee go'an ee hoos yimaada dharka FR.

Waa maxay sababta guddi warshadeed oo 480-volt ah ay u soo saari karto qarax fallaadh rabshado badan oo ka badan 13,800-volt khadka sare?¶

Wadarta tamarta wax burburisa ee lagu sii daayo fallaadhaha arc waxay ku xidhan tahay saddex arrimood: danabka, cilada hadda jirta (amperage), iyo, tan ugu daran, wakhtiga saxda ah (millise seconds ama ilbiriqsi) waxay ku qaadanaysaa fiyuuska korka ama wareegga wareegga si uu u ogaado cilladda oo uu gooyo awoodda. Qalabka warshadaha ee 480-volt ee saddex-waji ee warshadaha ah ee si toos ah ugu xiran dabaysha sare ee koronto-bixiye weyn ayaa keeni kara 30,000 ilaa 65,000 amperes oo cillad ah, iyo sababta oo ah cilladda 480 volts waxay leedahay cillad sare oo hoos u dhigaysa hadda wax yar ka hooseeya safarka degdegga ah ee magnetka, si joogto ah ugu gubanaya gubashada weyn ee 2. ilbiriqsiyo ka hor jabiyaha ugu dambeyntii safro, siidaaya wadarta kalooriyada kulaylka oo aad uga badan tan gudbinta korantada sare ee ku nadiifisa 0.03 ilbiriqsi.

Maxaad u taagan tahay inaad dhinac u istaagto oo aad isticmaasho hal gacan marka aad tuurayso furaha xidhidhiyaha koronto ee warshadaha culus?¶

Haddii daab-daab-daab-daabeedka ka-baxa furaha ama furaha-xanuunka wareegga wareegga uu la kulmo cillad farsamo ama wareeg-gaaban oo weji-ilaa-weji isla markiiba aad tuurto gacan-ku-haynta, qarxinta ka soo baxdaa waxay dhistaa cadaadis qarxa gudaha xayndaabka birta ee millise seconds. Mowjadda qaraxu waxay si joogto ah u garaacdaa albaabka golaha birta ee ku dheggan si xoog leh ama u afuufo naxaasta dhalaalaysa oo olol si toos ah u sifeeya seeraha hore ee sanduuqa. Markaad istaagto dhinaca golaha wasiirada (dhinaca cidhifka halkii aad ka ahaan lahayd dhinaca daboolka), adigoo ku gaadhaya hal gacan adigoo ka ilaalinaya jirkaaga, wejigaaga, iyo lugahaaga si buuxda uga baxsan wadadda albaabka lulitaanka, oo aad wejigaaga ka jeediso ka hor intaadan tuurin kabaalka, waxaad jidhkaaga ka ilaalinaysaa koofiyadda koowaad ee qaraxa haddii beddelku ku guuldareysto.

Hagahan waxa uu bixiyaa gargaarka degdega ah iyo macluumaadka badbaadada tamarta sare ee korontada arc flash iyo shilalka beddelka mana beddelo NFPA 70E/IEEE 1584 tababar shaqaale koronto oo aqoon leh ama daryeel caafimaad xirfadeed. Tixgeli inaad ka qaadato koorsada gargaarka degdegga ah ee la shahaadeysan, CPR, iyo AED ee Laanqeyrta Cas, Ambalaasta St John, ama golaha ammaanka deegaanka.

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Gargaarka degdega ah ee korontada iyo korontadu
• Gubashada iyo gubashada gargaarka degdegga ah
• Gubashada daran iyo dareeraha kiimikaad
• Xadhkaha korontadu hoos u dhacay iyo korontadii baabuurta
• Isha shay qalaad, naaxinta xudunta, iyo tooshka alxanka
• Dhaawaca burburka iyo cilladda qaybta

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• Ururka Ilaalinta Dabka ee Qaranka (NFPA, United States): Heerka Badbaadada Korantada ee Goobta Shaqada (NFPA 70E, Daabacaadda 2024: Qiimaynta Khatarta Arc Flash, Qaybaha PPE, iyo Dhaqanka Shaqada Badbaadada ah)
• Machadka Injineerada Korontada iyo Elektrooniga (IEEE): Hagaha IEEE ee Samaynta Xisaabinta Khatarta Arc-Flash (IEEE Std 1584)
• Badbaadada Shaqada iyo Maamulka Caafimaadka (OSHA, Maraykanka): Korantada Korantada, Gudbinta, iyo Qaybinta
• Maamulka Caafimaadka iyo Badbaadada (HSE, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska): Korantada Shaqada: Hababka Shaqada ee Badbaadada ah (HSG85) iyo Ka Fogaanshaha Khatarta ee Khadka Korontada ee Sare (GS6)
• American Burn Association (ABA, United States): Taageerada Nolosha Gubashada Sare (ABLS) Tilmaamaha loogu talagalay Dhaawacyada Korontada-sare ee Korontada, Ciladda Qaybta, iyo Maaraynta Kuleylka Hawada Hawada