Heerarka Kuleyliyaha Kerosene, Daadashada Shidaalka, iyo Badbaadada Kuleyliyaha Meesha Gudaha¶

Portable space heaters, including wick-type kerosene heaters, ventless propane radiant/catalytic heaters, and 1,500-watt plug-in electric heaters, are involved in a disproportionate share of winter home fires and indoor carbon monoxide poisonings worldwide. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), although portable space heaters account for a fraction of home heating equipment, they are responsible for roughly 80 percent of all fatal home heating fires, along with hundreds of annual deaths from asphyxiation and fuel contamination explosions.

What makes portable fuel-burning and electric space heaters uniquely unforgiving is how quickly a tiny mistake turns into a life-threatening emergency. Pouring even a single cup of automotive gasoline into a kerosene heater tank (often because fuel was stored in the wrong color plastic can) lowers the fuel's flash point from a safe 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit) down to minus 40 degrees Celsius (minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit), turning the kerosene heater into a runaway liquid-fuel bomb that erupts in a 2-meter (6.5-foot) pillar of flame the moment the wick warms up. Worse still, when a kerosene heater flares up with yellow flames and thick black soot indoors, homeowners instinctively try to pick up the burning heater and carry it outside, sloshing 4 to 7 liters (1 to 2 gallons) of flaming liquid fuel over their chest, legs, and hallway carpet. Knowing how to trip the manual shutoff lever on a flaring heater without lifting it, smother a liquid fuel fire with a Class B dry chemical extinguisher, ventilate a room for an unvented fuel heater, and stop an electric heater from melting a wall outlet prevents catastrophic burns and carbon monoxide poisoning.

Hadda samee tan¶

1. Press the manual emergency shutoff lever or button immediately (if safe to reach without touching flames). Every UL-listed portable kerosene heater has a spring-loaded Manual Shutoff Lever or Button on the front of the unit that drops the cylindrical fiberglass wick down into the extinguisher sleeve. If flames are still confined inside the upper wire guard cage, use a broom handle or gloved hand from the side to trip the shutoff button (or turn the wick knob counter-clockwise to OFF). For a propane heater, twist the cylinder supply valve clockwise to OFF.
2. If flames rise above the top grill cage or kerosene is burning on the floor, DO NOT approach the knob: evacuate or use a Class B/ABC extinguisher from 2.5 meters (8 feet) back. If the heater has suffered a runaway flare-up (often caused by gasoline contamination or flooded sump fuel) where orange flames are shooting out the top of the heater cabinet, turning the wick down will NOT extinguish the fire because fuel vapor is burning across the entire top of the fuel tank. Stand 2.5 to 3 meters (8 to 10 feet) back with an exit behind you and sweep a Class ABC or Class B dry chemical extinguisher across the base of the flames, or evacuate the room immediately, close the door behind you, and call your local nambarada degdega ah (911 gudaha Mareykanka iyo Kanada, 112 guud ahaan Midowga Yurub, 999 gudaha Boqortooyada Ingiriiska).
3. Never refuel a kerosene heater indoors or while the heater is still hot or warm. Always carry a kerosene heater outdoors after it has been turned off and cooled completely for at least 15 to 20 minutes before unscrewing the fuel cap. Pouring kerosene into a warm heater indoors releases flammable vapor that ignites on the hot burner chimney.
4. Crack open a window at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) whenever running any unvented kerosene or indoor propane heater. Because portable kerosene and ventless propane heaters have no chimney pipe, 100 percent of their exhaust gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor) dump directly into the air you breathe while consuming room oxygen. Never run an unvented fuel heater in a tightly closed bedroom or while sleeping, and keep a working battery-powered carbon monoxide (CO) alarm on the same level.
5. For a sparking or smoking electric space heater: switch OFF the branch circuit breaker at the main panel before touching a melted wall plug. Portable 1,500-watt electric heaters draw a continuous 12.5 amps (in 120V countries), which routinely overheats loose wall receptacles and extension cords past 200 degrees Celsius (400 degrees Fahrenheit). If you smell a "fishy" or burnt-plastic electrical odor or see smoke/sparks at the wall outlet, flip the circuit breaker OFF at your main electrical panel before unplugging the heater.
6. **Qofka aan guban ee ku daataan gudaha: dami dhammaan ilaha dabka, neefso, oo nuugo qashinka bisadaha ama baking soda. sagxadda biyo kulul, saxan dareere ah oo saabuun wax dila, iyo khal cad si ay u baabi'iyaan urta hydrocarbon ee daaha.

Kuleyliyaha booska go'aanka jawaabta degdega ah¶

Isticmaal geedkan go'aanka taatikada ah si aad si badbaado leh uga jawaabto kuleyliyaha kerosene ee ka kacaya, kuleyliyaha propane ee dillaaca ama alaarmiga CO, dabka kuleyliyaha korantada, ama daataan gudaha gudaha

flowchart TD
    Start["Guryaha Degdegga ah ee Kuleyliyaha Sare ee la qaadi karo"] --> HeaterType{"1. Nooca kuleyliyaha ayaa ku lug leh?"}

    HeaterType -->|"A. Kerosene Heater: <br/>Holac huruud ah oo sarreeya, soot madow, <br/>ama gubasho dibadda ah"| KeroCheck{"Dabku ma ku xidhan yahay gudaha<br/>qafiska siliga AMA tooganaya<br/>ka sare ee golaha wasiirada?"}
    HeaterType -->|"B. Kuleyliyaha gudaha ee Propane: <br/>Gaas xiiraya, urta ukunta qudhuntay,<br/>ama CO alaarmiga / madax-xanuun"| PropaneBranch["Propane Leak / CO Protocol: <br/>1. U marooji waalka dhululubo dhanka saacba dami (haddii aanu olol lahayn) <br/>2. Ha rogin furayaasha iftiinka haddii gaasku uu xoog u ursado<br/>3. U bax hawo cusub oo wac 911/112/999"]
    HeaterType -->|"C. Kuleyliyaha hawada sare ee korontada"| ElectricBranch["Hab-maamuuska kulaylka kululeeyaha Korontada:<br/>1. Ku rogo qolka jebinta guriga ee guddiga Korontada ugu weyn<br/>2. Waligaa gacan qaawan ha ku jiidin bareega ololaya/dhalanaysa<br/>3. Isticmaal bakhtiyaha heerka C / ABC haddii uu olol jiro"]
    HeaterType -->|"D. Shidaalka Kerosene ee Aan Gubanayn<br/>Ku Daatay Dabaqa ama Roogga"| SpillBranch["Hab-maamuuska Shidaalka Qabow:<br/>1. Dami dhammaan ololka/kuleyliyeyaasha & daaqadaha fur<br/>2. Ku nuugo qashinka bisadaha dhoobada ah ama baking soda<br/>3. Ku xoq saabuunta saxanka & khal; calal bac bannaanka"]

    KeroCheck -->|"Ku xaddidan qafiska gubashada gudaha"| KeroShut["Buug-gacmeedka Safarka Kabka Dabka leh Cidhifka/Glove<br/>AMA U leexi Wick Knob counter-clockwich;<br/>Weligaa ha qaadin hana qaadin kuleyliyaha"]
    KeroCheck -->|"Dab ka kacaya korka golaha wasiirada<br/>"| RunawayKero["DABKA SHIDAALKA RUNAWAY:<br/>Buro ma joojin doono dabka.<br/>Ha dhaqaajin kuleyliyaha; waligaa ha isticmaalin biyo"]

    RunawayKero --> ExtinguishOrFlee{"Ma ku garaaci kartaa saldhigga dabka<br/>Class B/ABC deminta ka<br/>2.5m (8 ft) oo leh bixitaan cad?"}
    ExtinguishOrFlee -->|"Haa: Dabci hore oo yar"| HitABC["Xaaq Heerka ABC Kiimikada Qalalan ee Saldhigga oo dhan;<br/>Ka bax isla markiiba ka dib"]
    ExtinguishOrFlee -->|"Maya: Qiiq culus ama dab fidaya"| EvacuateNow["Isla markiiba ka bax qof kasta oo dibadda jooga;<br/> Xidh albaabkaaga qolka si aad u gaajooto ogsijiinta; <br/> Wac 911 / 112 / 999"]

Isbarbardhigga khataraha kuleyliyaha meel la qaadan karo: kerosene vs. propane vs. koronto¶

Nooc kasta oo kuleyliyaha qolka la qaadan karo wuxuu wataa dab gaar ah, qarax, iyo khataro gaas sun ah. Dib u eeg shaxdan isbarbardhigga farsamada si aad u fahanto hababka fashilka saxda ah ee unugga gurigaaga.

Quus qoto dheer 1: Waa maxay sababta kuleyliyayaasha kerosene ay u kacaan oo u qarxaan (Khatarta Dhuminta Shidaalka)¶

Kuleyliyaha kerosene ee si habboon loo dayactiray oo gubaya saafi 1-K gaaska saafiga ah dhab ahaantii kuma gubayo kerosene dareere ah wick; Taa baddalkeeda, ficilka xididku wuxuu soo saaraa kerosene dareere ah wick fiberglass-ka tidcan, halkaas oo kulaylka ka soo baxa qiiqa qiiqa biraha gubanaya uu uumi milimitirka ugu sarreeya ee kerosene sidaa darteed giraanta buluug-iyo-oranjiga ah ee la kontoroolo ee uumiga si nadiif ah ugu gubto gudaha qiiqa.

1. Fiisigiska dilaaga ah ee wasakheynta shidaalka (Xitaa 5% baasiin ayaa sababa dab ka carara)¶

Xaalada degdega ah ee kuleyliyaha la qaadi karo ee kaliya ee ay baadhaan CPSC iyo dab-damisku waa ** wasakhaynta gaasta shilka ee shidaalka kerosene**:

• ** Farqiga barta iftiimaya *: saafiga ah 1-K kerosene waxa uu leeyahay ugu yaraan dhibcaha iftiinka 38 ilaa 65 darajo Celsius (100 ilaa 149 darajo Fahrenheit). Taas macnaheedu waa heerkulka qolka caadiga ah (\(20 ^\circ\text{C} / 68^\circ\text{F}\)), kerosene dareere ah oo fadhiya haanta hoose ee kuleyliyahaaga ** ma bixiyo uumiga guban karo; haddii aad kabriid shidan ku riddo baaldi kulayl-qabow ah oo kerosene ah, ciyaartu runtii way baxaysaa.
• ** Shidaalka baabuurta (batrool)** iyo ** gaaska cad / Shidaalka xerada Coleman (naphtha)** waxay leeyihiin ** dhibic flash ah oo laga jaray 40 darajo Celsius (laga jaray 40 darajo Fahrenheit)**. Shidaalku wuu karkaraa oo bixiyaa uumiga qarxa xitaa marka lagu jiro cimilo qabow oo qadhaadh.
• ** Maxaa dhacaya marka ay isku daraan ***: Haddii mulkiilaha gurigu isticmaalo gaaska caagga ah ee duugga ah ** kaas oo wali haysta nus koob oo shidaal cawska cawska ah oo ka hadhay xagga hoose si uu u iibsado kerosene, ama si lama filaan ah ugu shubo shidaalka aan rasaasta lahayn saldhigga adeegga halkii uu ka isticmaali lahaa kerosene, 5-ilaa-10-boqolkiiba yar ee batroolka ayaa hoos u dhigaya kerosene-5. jug *** hoos ugu dhig heerkulka qolka.
• Tixraaca cararka:
• Waxaad shiday kuleyliyaha kerosene. 5 ilaa 15 daqiiqo ee hore, si caadi ah ayay u gubataa.
• Sida kulaylka iftiinka leh ee gubanaya uu u diiriyo haanta kaydka shidaalka birta ee ka hooseeya 30 darajo Celsius (86 darajo Fahrenheit), qaybta batroolka ee kacsan ee gudaha haanta waxay bilaabataa ** karkarin xoog leh **.
• Uumiga gaaska la cadaadiyay ayaa xoog ku kor u kaca oo ka soo baxaa dhinaca dibadda ee shaadhka wick-ka oo ka soo baxa cabbirka shidaalka iyo koofiyadda buuxinta, isaga oo ku shiday ** tiir qaylo weyn oo olol huruud ah oo hagaya kuleyliyaha oo dhan**.
• Waa maxay sababta badhanka xidhidhku u guul daraysto inta uu shidaalku shidan yahay: Ku tuurista wick fiberglass leh kabaalka damintu waxba kama joojinayso dabka wasakhaysan ee gaaska, sababtoo ah uumiga gaaska ee cadaadisku saaran yahay ayaa ka soo baxaya taangiga laftiisa. Jawaabtaada kaliya ee badbaadada leh waa daad-gureynta degdega ah (ama ku dhufo 3 mitir / 10 fiit meel u jirta ABC-dabakhtiye kiimiko qalalan markaad albaabka ka bixinayso) oo wac 911/112/999.

2. Waa maxay sababta dhaqaajinta ama ku tumashada kuleyliyaha kerosene ee shidan ay sababto olol¶

Xataa shidaal 1-K oo saafi ah, haddii aad ku dhufato, duldhigto, ama aad isku daydo inaad qaadatid kuleyliyaha kerosene marka uu gubanayo, kerosene dareeraha ah ee kaydka hoose ayaa kor u kacaya oo ** daadadiyay sumpka gubanaya ** agagaarka gunta wick. Si lama filaan ah, halkii ay ka guban lahaayeen oo keliya cidhifka sare ee muraayadda fiberglass-ka, barkad kerosene ah oo dareere ah oo lacag la'aan ah ayaa dab qabsaday agagaarka saldhigga gubanaya, oo diraya olol dheer oo huruud ah oo qiiqaya iyo xargo madow oo dufan leh ilaa saqafka.

• Haddii kuleyliyahaagu uu ka ololayo olol huruud ah ama danbas madow oo ka soo baxaya qiiqa gubanaya oo khaldan ama wick daadsan:
• Ha taaban ama ha qaadin jidhka kuleyliyaha.
• Isticmaal galka xaaqinka ama galoofisyada dhinaca si aad u riixdo ** kabaalka damista ee gacanta** si uu wick-ku ugu dhaco gacanta.
• Haddii barkad yar oo kerosene ah oo xad-dhaaf ah ay ku sii socoto hareeraha saldhigga gubanaya ka dib marka firidhku soo dhaco, ha isku gubto gudaha golaha birta (taas oo inta badan qaadata 2 ilaa 5 daqiiqo) adigoo dib u taagan *Class ABC deminta kiimikada qallalan ** loogu talagalay cutubka, AMA ku dhufo furka sare ee qafiska fiilada si tartiib ah ** shukumaan).
• Fur dariishadaha si aad u nadiifiso soot madow iyo kaarboon moono oksaydh mar alla markii ololku dhammaado.

3. Xeerarka midabka kaydinta shidaalka iyo khatarta qiiqa "Tar-Clogged Wick".¶

Si looga hortago qaraxyo si khaldan u shidan iyo qiiqa sulfur/carbon monoxide:

• Raac summada midabka weelka shidaalka adag:
• ** Weel buluug ah ***: Waxaa si adag loogu hayaa 1-K Kerosene nadiif ah.
• ** weel cas**: Shidaal (Batrool) KALIYA.
• ** Weel JALE ah ***: Shidaalka naaftada oo keliya.
• (Fiiro gaar ah: Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) iyo qaybo ka mid ah Yurub halkaasoo saliidda kuleylka dhexe loogu yeero "28-second kerosene / C2 kerosene," kuleyliyeyaasha la qaadan karo ee gudaha gudaha waxay u baahan yihiin ** C1 paraffins / baaruud hoose oo kuleyliyaha gudaha ah [BS 2869 Class C1]**, waligiis saliid kululeeyaha dibadda ah ama shidaalka midabka leh ee beeraha.)*
• **Sababta kerosene-ka 2-K ee duugoobay u sumeeyay hawada gudaha in ka badan 3 ilaa 6 bilood waxa ay samaysaa cirrid dhegdheg ah, halka uu ka jaban yahay 2-K (casaan-midabaysan) kerosene *** ka kooban 5 jeer baaruud ka badan 1-K kerosene cad. Gubashada 2-K garoosin ama shidaal duug ah ayaa xirta fiilada fiberglass-ka ah ee leh daamur kaarboon madow oo adag, taasoo keenaysa in ololku si aad ah u gubto oo uu sii daayo mergado sulfur dioxide ($ SO_2\() iyo carbon monoxide (\) CO$) iyadoo la qaboojinayo habka wick birta si uusan ** hoos ugu dhicin markaad riixdo badhanka daminta degdega ah.

Quus qoto dheer 2: Kuleyliyeyaasha gudaha ee propane (Ventless catalytic/radiant vs. kululeeyayaasha dibadda dilaaga ah)¶

Inta lagu jiro xilliga qaboobaha korontadu go'do iyo burburka foornada, kumanaan qof ayaa la kulma sunta kaarboon monoxide ee daran ama waxay bilaabaan dabka qolka iyagoo keenaya qalabka propane gudaha.

Kuleyliyayaasha propane-ku waa kuwee (oo aan) lagu isticmaali karin guriga dhexdiisa¶

1. ** Waligaa ha u isticmaalin kuleyliyaha propane-ka-baxsan gudaha gudaha ***:
2. ** Propane "torpedo" / kuleyliyeyaasha salamander dhismaha qasabka ah ***, ** kuleyliyeyaasha barxadda sare ee likaha ***, ** taangiga-sare kululeeyayaasha gabbaldayaha ** (taas oo si toos ah ugu dhejisan dusha sare ee 9-kilogram / 20-pound barbecue duban oo aan lahayn tuubada xakamaynta iyo ODS), ** Shiilan barbecue *** waxay soo saartaa tiro aad u badan oo kaarboon moono-oksaydh ah waxayna la'dahay xidhidhsiyo yaraynta ogsijiinta. Ku dhex orodka guri, teendho, ama garaash xiran waxay sababi kartaa sumowga CO dilaa ah 15 ilaa 30 daqiiqo gudahood.
3. ** Kuleyliyeyaasha propane ee la qaadan karo ee badbaado leh (tusaale, ANSI Z21.11.2 / UL-listed catalytic or blue-flame/infrared plaque kululeeyayaasha sida taxanaha Mr. Heater Buddy)**:
4. Kuleyliyeyaasha propane ee la qaadan karo ee la xaqiijiyay waxaa ka mid ah laba qalab oo badbaado-nolosha ah oo qasab ah:
   • ** Dareemka Dejinta Ogsajiinta (ODS) ee tijaabada ah**: Gubida duuliyaha saxda ah ayaa la hagaajiyay si haddii fiirsashada oksijiinta qolku ay hoos uga dhacdo heerka caadiga ah **20.9 boqolkiiba ilaa qiyaastii 18.0 boqolkiiba
   • Tip-over-directional switch: Isla markiiba waxay gooysaa qulqulka gaaska haddii kuleyliyaha uu jabo ama leexdo.
5. ** Xeerarka badbaadada muhiimka ah xitaa "gudaha-ammaan" kuleyliyeyaasha propane ***:
   • **Weli waxay u baahan tahay hawo-qaad ***: Xataa kuleyliyaha gudaha lagu qiimeeyo ama kuleyliyaha dhoobada dhoobada wuxuu u baahan yahay ** ugu yaraan 60 ilaa 120 sentimitir oo laba jibbaaran (9 ilaa 18 inji oo isku wareeg ah) hawo daaqadeed furan *** si loo buuxiyo ogsijiinta iyo hawada uumiga biyaha iyo raadraaca CO.
   • **Weligaa ha soo qaadin 9-kilogram (20-pound) taangiga barbecue propane gudaha gurigaaga ***: Sida hoos timaada NFPA 58 (Koodhka Gaaska Shidaalka ee dareeraha ah), dhululubada ka weyn la tuuri karo 0.45-kilogram (1-pound) DOT 39 dhululubo ** waa inay ku jiraan bannaanka ***. Haddii aad ku xidho kuleyliyaha gudaha ee la qaadan karo taangiga 9-kilogaram (20-pound), ka tag taangiga ** banaanka guriga ***, dariiq tuubo cadaadis sare leh oo nidaamsan dhex marta sabuuradda daaqada, oo ku rakib ** filter filter *** haddii loo baahdo sidaas darteed caag-jareyaasha tuubada caagga ah ee saliidda leh ma kharribaan dabka dhoobada.
   • *Waa maxay sababta propane uu u soo daadanayo isku duubida sagxada : Si ka duwan gaaska dabiiciga ah (methane, kaas oo ka fudud hawada oo sabbaynaya ilaa saqafka), ** gaaska propane wuxuu 1.5 jeer ka culus yahay hawada. Haddi ay gudaha ku soo daadato gaaska propane ee aan la arki karin ** waxa uu ku dego sagxadda iyo barkadaha sida biyaha meelaha hoose, meelaha gurguurta, iyo saqafyada hoose ilaa ay ka gaadho dhinbilaha qaboojiyaha ama duuliyaha foornada oo uu qarxo.

Quus qoto dheer 3: Heerarka degdega ah ee kuleyliyaha korantada (meelaha dhalaalka, xadhkaha fidinta, iyo dabka dharka qalajiya)¶

Halka kuleyliyeyaasha booska korantada ee la qaadan karo (kuleyliyeyaasha saliida ka buuxo, kuleyliyeyaasha marawaxadaha dhoobada, iyo kuleyliyeyaasha quartz infrared) ay soo saaraan eber kaarboon monoxide, waxay yihiin ** sababta ugu badan ee keenta dabka qolka jiifka iyo qolka fadhiga ** sababtoo ah mulkiilayaasha guryuhu waxay dhayalsanayaan laba sharci oo koronto iyo kulayl ah:

1. Waa maxay sababta kuleyliyaha korantada ee 1,500-watt uu u dhalaaliyo meelaha derbiyada laga soo galo iyo xadhkaha fidinta¶

Waqooyiga Ameerika (120-volt AC), ku dhawaad ​​kuleyl kasta oo korantada la qaadan karo waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa ** 1,500 watts ***, kaas oo soo jiidaya 12.5 amps oo koronto joogto ah saacadaha dhamaadka (230-volt UK/EU nidaamyada, 2,000-ilaa-3,000-watt kuleyliyaha wuxuu sawiraa 9 si joogto ah):13

• ** Xadhkaha Fidinta iyo Dabka Xadhkaha Korontada *: Xadhkaha fidinta laambada caadiga ah ee guriga (16-cabbir ama silig 18-cabbir ah) iyo xadhkaha korantada ee dhawrka-soo-baxa badan ayaa lagu qiimeeyay culaysyo kala go'a ama koronto yar-yar, ** ma aha culeyska kulaylka ah ee 12.5-amp. Markaad ku xirto kuleyliyaha 1,500-watt ee xadhigga fidinta ama fiilada korantada, fiilooyinka naxaasta ah iyo fiilooyinka guga naxaasta ah ee ku dhex jira xariijinta waxay dhaafeen kulaylka **200 ilaa 300 darajo Celsius (400 ilaa 575 darajo Fahrenheit) Saacad gudaheed, fiilada korontadu waxay ku dhalaalisaa barkad caag PVC ah oo ololaysa oo ku taal rooggaaga.
• ** Qalabka gidaarka ee duugoobay ("Xiriirka Iftiiminaya") Dab**: Xataa marka si toos ah loogu xidho meel gidaarka laga soo galo, haddii gidaarka gidaarku uu jiro 20 jir iyo daabyada naxaasta ah ee gudaha ay lumiyeen xiisadooda gu'ga, xidhiidhka dabacsani wuxuu abuuraa ** kuleyl heersare ah oo iska caabin ah *** isla markaaba filada.
• ** Hubinta badbaadada caadiga ah ***: Mar kasta oo aad ku shubto kuleyliyaha korantada 30 daqiiqo, **ku taabo balaastigga jirka ka soo baxa gidaarka dhabarka ee faraha Fure caafimaad qaba wuxuu dareemaa diirran. Haddii furka ama saxanka gidaarka uu dareemo kulayl marka la taabto, uu u urayo kalluun ceeriin ah ama caag gubtay, ama ay ka muuqdaan calaamado guban oo bunni ah meelaha meelaha bannaan ah, isla markiiba dami kuleyliyaha, dami jebinta, oo koronto ha ku beddelo weelka derbiga ee duugoobay ka hor intaadan isticmaalin mar labaad.

2. "Xeerka Halo 3-Foot (1-Meter)" oo aan waligiis dharka ku engegin kuleyliyaha¶

In ka badan ** kala badh dhammaan dabka kuleyliyaha meel dilaaga ah ** waxay dhacaan marka kuleyliyaha shucaaca ama kuleyliyaha uu shido walxaha guban ee la dhigo meel aad ugu dhow dabka:

1. Xooji meel adag oo 1-mitir ah (3-cagood) ah oo badbaado leh dhammaan dhanka hore, dhinacyada, dhabarka, iyo sare ee wax kasta oo kerosene, propane, ama kuleyliyaha korantada.
2. **Weligaa ha ku daacin gacmo-gashi qoyan, sharabaadada, jaakadaha, ama shukumaannada kuleyliyaha koronto ama saliid ka buuxo si aad u engejiyaan ***, weligaa kuleyliyaha ha dhigin sariirta sariirta sariirta halkaas oo qofka hurda uu buste ku laad karo kululeeyaha habeenkii.

Sida loo nadiifiyo kerosene gudaha ah ama kululaynta saliidda daatay (Oo tirtir urta)¶

Ku daada xitaa nus koob oo gaas ah ama saliid kuleyl ah oo ku taal dabaqa qolka tamarta, balbalada alwaax, ama rooga waxay abuurtaa khatarta silbashada/ uumiga iyo urta kaarboon-karboonka ee gelaysa taasoo guri ka dhigi karta mid aan noolaan karin toddobaadyo haddii lagu tirtiro biyo cad hagaha daadinta haanta saliidda iyo kululaynta saliidda daadinta):

1. ** Tirtir dhammaan ilaha dabka oo hawo sii ***: Dami dhammaan kuleyliyaha hawada, nalalka duuliyaha gaaska, iyo marawaxadaha qolka, fur daaqadaha bannaanka.
2. Ku tirtir oo ku nuugo macdanta qallalan ama budada alkaline (Ha qoysin marka hore):
3. Ku dabool barxadda kerosene-ka dareeraha ah si adag ** qashinka dhoobada dhoobada ah ee aan ureynin (dhoobada bentonite) **, ** baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) , ** istaarijka galleyda, ama ** sawdust/granules-saliid-qallalan.
4. U daa waxa nuugaya inuu fadhiisto 30 ilaa 60 daqiiqo si uu kerosene-ka uga soo saaro daloolada dushiisa, ka dibna ku xaaq boodh adag oo ku xidh qashinka kerosene-ku qooyay gudaha bac culus ama bir ayaa la dhigi karaa ** bannaanka** (waligaa ha ka tagin calal kerosene- qooyay ama qashinka bisadaha gudaha hasha gudaha).
5. Ku jejebi filimka saliidda ee soo haray adigoo isticmaalaya Degreaser + White Vinegar wash:
6. Sababtoo ah kerosene waa batroolka aan dabaylaha ahayn, biyaha caadiga ah ayaa si fudud korkiisa uga soo baxa. Ku xoq sagxadaha adag ** biyo kulul oo lagu qaso saabuunta dareeraha ah ee dareeraha ah (sida Dawn)*******************************
7. Raac luqluqsi ** biyo diirran oo siman iyo khal cad*** (ama ku saydh qallaji ** soodhada duban ama kafeega engegan** meel rooga qoyan ah habeenkii ka hor inta aanad faakiyuumaynin mar engegan oo aan uumi lahayn) si aad uga takhalusto urta kerosene ee raagay.
8. Sida si badbaado leh loogu dhaqo dharka gaaska lagu shubay:
9. Weligaa si toos ah ha u dhigin dharka lagu qooyay kerosene ama basiin toos ah mashiinka dharka lagu dhaqo ama qalajiyaha dharka kulul (qiiqu wuxuu ku dhex shidi karaa durbaanka qalajiyaha).
10. Marka hore, soo laalaad marada ** bannaanka hawada cusub iyo iftiinka qoraxda 24 saacadood** si hydrocarbons kacsan ay uumi baxaan, gacmaha ku dhaq banaanka baaldi biyo kulul, saabuun dareere ah, iyo 1 koob oo ah baking soda ama ammonia (waligaa ha isku darin ammonia iyo warankiilo), raaci si fiican, iyo ** saliid qallalan oo dibadda ah

Su'aalaha soo noqnoqda¶

Waa maxay sababta kuleyliyaha kerosene-kaygu uu si lama filaan ah u bilaabay inuu damiyo soot madow iyo olol huruud ah oo sarreeya?¶

Kuleyliyaha kerosene wuxuu ku kacayaa olol jaale ah iyo danbas madow mid ka mid ah afar sababood: qiiqa birta gubanaya kuma fadhiisto si siman oo siman oo ku yaal gallery-ka iftiinka ka dib, kuleyliyaha waa la garaacay ama la dhaqaaqay markii la shiday ( taasoo keentay in kerosene dareeraha ah uu hoos u dhaco oo daadiyo saldhigga gubanaya), qolku wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay ogsijiinta (taas oo gaajo ololaysa oo keenta gubasho aan dhamaystirnayn), kaarboonka gubanaya Kerosene oksaydhaysan, ama biyo. Weligaa ha qaadin kuleyliyaha ololaya; isla markiiba ruji kabaalka daminta ee gacanta oo hawo sii qolka.

Sideen ku ogaan karaa in shidaalkeyga kerosene uu si lama filaan ah ugu wasakheeyey shidaal?¶

Saliida saafiga ah ee 1-K waxay leedahay ur jilicsan, ur saliid leh iyo midab cad oo biyo-cad ah (haddii aan casaan lagu dhejin ujeedooyinka canshuurta 2-K), halka batroolku leeyahay ur fiiqan, oo aan la garan karin oo dareere ah oo macaan iyo inta badan midab huruud ah ama casaan leh. Haddii aad wax shaki ah ka qabtid in shidaalku ka koobnaan karo kerosene saafi ah ama shidaal isku dhafan, waligaa ha ku tijaabin kuleyliyaha; ku shub qaado yar oo qaaddo ah waddo shub ah oo bannaanka si fiican uga fog gasacadaha: Uumiga baasiinku isla markiiba meel fog ayuu ka ifayaa marka lagu soo dhawaado shiilan dheer, halka qaboojiyaha saafiga ah ee 1-K ee shubka qabow aanu ka soo iftiimin ciyaar lagu hayo dareeraha dushiisa. Had iyo jeer ku tuur shidaalka laga shakisan yahay goobta qashinka khatarta ah ee degmada.

Ammaan ma tahay in habeenkii oo dhan lagu seexdo kerosene ama kuleyliyaha propane gudaha ee qolka jiifka ku shaqeeya?¶

Maya, dab-demiska, Komishanka Badbaadada Alaabada Macaamiisha ee Maraykanka (CPSC), iyo Ururka Ilaalinta Dabka ee Qaranka (NFPA) waxay si adag ugu talinayaan in la damiyo dhammaan kerosene-ka la qaadan karo, propane, iyo kuleyliyeyaasha hawada ee aan la ilaalin ka hor intaadan seexan. Markaad seexanayso, ma dareemi kartid soo ifbaxa wick, buste ku dul haraati kuleyliyaha korantada, ama calaamadaha hore ee sumowga kaarboon moono-oksaydh haddii dariishadu baraf noqoto ama Dareemka Dejinta Ogsajiinta uu fashilmo; had iyo jeer horay u diiri qolka jiifka ka hor wakhtiga jiifka, dami kuleyliyaha la qaadi karo ka hor intaadan seexan, bedelkeedana isticmaal bustayaal dheeraad ah.

Waa maxay sababta aanan ugu xidhi karin kuleyliyaha korantada ee 1,500-watt faliim koronto ilaalin ah oo culus oo culus?¶

Ilaaliyaasha caadiga ah ee guriga iyo fiilooyinka korantada ee kala duwan waxaa loogu talagalay kombuyuutar iyo culeysyo telefishin ah, ma aha culeys joogto ah oo ah 12.5-amp, 1,500-watt oo kuleyl ah oo soconaya saacado markiiba. Joogtada sare ee joogtada ah waxay kuleylaysaa baska gudaha ee naxaasta ah, furaha wareegga wareegga, iyo kala-duwanaanta birta oxide (MOVs) ee gudaha xarriiqda korantada ee dhaaftay 200 darajo Celsius (400 darajo Fahrenheit), dhalaalaysa guryaha caaga ah oo shidda rooga iyada oo aan waligeed dhaafin 15-amp ee guriga jabiyahaaga; Had iyo jeer si toos ah ugu xidh kuleyliyaha booska korantada weelka gidaarka ee ku dheggan iyada oo aan wax kale lagu xidhin meeshaas labaplex.

Ilaha la hubiyay¶

• Guddiga Badbaadada Alaabada Macaamiisha ee Maraykanka (CPSC, United States): * Digniinaha Dabka Kuleyliyaha Kuleyliyaha #463*, * Digniinta Shidaalka Kuleyliyaha Kerosene*
• Ururka Ilaalinta Dabka ee Qaranka (NFPA, United States): * Warbixinta Kulaylka Guriga*, NFPA 31 (Heerka Rakibaadda Qalabka Gubashada Saliida), iyo *NFPA 58
• ** Maamulka Dabka ee Mareykanka (USFA / FEMA, Mareykanka):** * Badbaadada Kuleyliyaha Hawada Sare ee La Qaadan Karo (Xeerka 3-Foot / 1-Meter iyo Xiriirka tooska ah ee gidaarka)*.
• Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada (CDC, United States): Kahortagga Sumowga Kaarboon Monoxide ee Kuleyliyaha Sare ee Aan Lasoo Celin, Kuleyliyeyaasha Daaradda, iyo Shoofooyinka Kaamka.
• ** Fulinta Caafimaadka iyo Badbaadada (HSE) iyo Badbaadada Korantada ee Ugu Horaysa (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska):** Alaabada Kulayliyaha La Qaadan Karo ee Guriga: Paraffin (C1 Kerosene), Kuleyliyeyaasha LPG ee Gaaska Dhalada ah, iyo Kuleyliyaha Korontada/Radiator Plug.
• ** Sheybaarada Hoosta Qorayaasha (UL, United States / International):** * UL 647 (Heerka Kululiyaha Qolka Kerosene-ka Dabka ee Aan La Soo Bandhigin)* iyo *UL 1278

Tilmaamaha la xidhiidha¶

• Kuleyl ma jiro xilliga jiilaalka: kululaynta gudaha ee badbaadada leh iyo ilaalinta tuubooyinka
• Taangiga saliidda oo daadanaya, kululaynta saliidda daadatay, iyo hagaajinta qiiqa
• Qeylo dhaanta kaarboon monoksaydh iyo daadgureynta
• Dabka korontada ku shaqeeya iyo meelaha dabka dhaliya
• Badbaadada dabka guriga iyo daadgureynta
• Tusaha lambarada degdega ah