Laser toowɗo doole ngam fiyde gite e ndeenka diisnondiral akustik¶

Laseruuji juɓɓuɗi toowɗi (laseruuji 3B e 4 blue, vert, e violet ina njaltina 500 haa 5 000+ miliwatt doole optik kuuɓtodinɗe, ko ina tolnoo e laabi 1 000 keerol Ac 5-milliwatt sariya ngam toɓɓere peeñgol njuuteendi) e njuuteendi doole toowɗe Kaɓirɗe walla LRADs, kanndaaji sonndu otooji toowɗi, e sireneeji ultrasonik/akustik gollorɗe) ina ɓeydoo hawrude e piloteeɓe aeroportuuji njulaagu e kuuɓtodinɗi, e yahooɓe e laabi mawɗi, e yahooɓe e laaɗe diwooje, e gollotooɓe e nder geec, e jaayndiyankooɓe, e siwil en nanngaaɓe sara zoneeji jamaanu. So lampa laser kuuɓtodinka yanii e werlaa oto, e werlaa laana ndiwoowa, walla e gite neɗɗo jamma, lewru tokoosru nduu ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ŋoral ɓuuɓngal e nder gilaas ngam fuɗde e ɓuuɓol neon ɓuuɓngol, ngol hebbina suudu nduu fof, ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde ɗoon e ɗoon e nder makula (fovea) gonɗo e nder reedu e nder leƴƴanɗe 0,25.

E oon sahaa gooto, udditgol lewru gonndundu e 135 haa 160 desibel (dB) e ɓuuɓol gonngol e 2 000 haa 4 000 hertz, ina addana noppi ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓgol gonngol e nder noppi, ɓuuɓgol gonngol e nder noppi (membrane tympanique, per membrane timpanique) ɓuuɓngol vertigo vestibulaire (ɓuuɓri e ŋakkeende ballal). Wuurde e jolngo optik walla akustik tiiɗngo ina ɗaɓɓi ko yaawi refleksuuji reentorɗi ɓanndu : ƴeewde woɗɗude e jippinde hunuko maa caggal dashboard walla pillar opaque (meeɗaa ƴeewde feewde e ƴoogirde beam ngam yiytude fiyoowo oo), haɗde cirƴam henndu e junngo wooto walla visor naange tawa aɗa jolna e safe molaterally Konu 15 haa 30 degere e ƴulɓe akustik tawa ina siimta ɓuuɓri noppi, e heɓde ƴeewndo gite ñalnde heen ko yaawi so tawii nokku ɓuuɓɗo hakkundeejo (skotoma) ina jokki.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

So tawii lampa laser ɓaleejo, daneejo, violet, walla boɗeejo jalboowo yanii e gite maa, e gite maa, walla e werlaa laana ndiwoowa jooni jooni, walla so tawii a yanii e lampa akustik toowka, ɓuuɓka, waɗ ɗeeɗoo geɗe jeegom ɗoon e ɗoon :

1. Ɓoorno-ɗaa ɗoon e ɗoon, ƴettu yeeso maa, WOTO ƴeew to iwdi lampa laser: Ƴeewto-ɗaa ƴoƴre neɗɗo ngam ƴeewde no feewi lampa jalboowa e nder niɓɓere. Ƴeewde les ɗoo e dow ŋorol laser Class 4 mo doole mum toowɗe ina fooɗta annoore jokkondirnde rewrude e gite maa fotde 100 000 to bannge fovea hakkundeejo gite maa, ɗum addana gite maa ɓuuɓde e sahaa gooto hade gite maa timminde ɓuuɓde leƴƴanɗe (025). Jippin wuttulo maa, ɓuuɓna gite maa laabi keewɗi, ƴettu gite maa feewde e kuutorɗe daas maa walla e sara laawol maa ñaamo.
2. So aɗa diwa walla aɗa diwa, ƴettu junngo wooto udditiingo walla ɓuuɓna gite naange ngam haɗde gite werlaa e jogaade doole: So laser yanii e gite werlaa walla e gite cockpit jamma, gite ɗee ina njalba no wall neon tiiɗɗo nii (veiling glare). Waɗde hoore maa ina tiiɗi, ƴettu junngo maa gooto (walla ɓuuɓna les ɓuuɓri naange dowri) ngam haɗde nokku jalboowo oo e dow gilaas oo, ƴeew les walla saraaji gite ɗee e laabi ɓuuɓɗi pavement daneejo (walla laylaytol kuutorɗe cockpit), ɓuuɓna lampaaji kulɓiniiɗi laabi nay maa, ɓuuɓna fereeji maa no moƴƴi tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna.
3. Woto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude gite maa caggal nde laser fiyi : ɓuuɓnude gite ɓuuɓɗe walla ɓuuɓɗe ɓuuɓɗe ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓol nder gite, ina ɓuuɓna gite tawa ina wallita pigmentaaji fotosintesis (rodopsin) ɓuuɓɗi ɗii sellude. Ƴeewee gite maa e nder annoore ɓuuɓnde, ɗaɓɓu leƴƴanɗe 30 haa hojomaaji 5 ngam ƴiye maa e ƴiye maa gonɗe e niɓɓere ɗee mbayloo.
4. So tawii ko kaɓirgal akustik desibel toowngal (LRAD) walla kanndaa sonndu fiyi ɗum, ƴettu LATERALLY (bannge) caggal mahol tiiɗngol walla oto tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna noppi maa: Arrays akustik gonɗo e ŋorol ina ɓuuɓna ŋorol ŋorol ɓuuɓngol, nanndungol e ŋorol ŋorol (tipikal a straight a con3-de-head of35- diƴƴe njuuteendi). Dogde feewde caggal e woɗɗitaade emitor ina jogoo ma e nder ŋoral nafoore fotde 100 meeter (330 meeteer); e nder heen, toɓɓu ɓuuɓri noppi maa (tragus) tiiɗndi e nder mum e koppi ɗiɗi ɗii fof ngam siifde ɓuuɓri noppi maa, udditaa hunduko maa seeɗa ngam fotndude ɓuuɓri noppi, e dogdu 90 degere bannge (fotde large) terick cor,llner caggal con.
5. Yah to Departemaa Emergency walla Ophtalmologist ñalnde heen so tawii nokku niɓɓo, yiytere hakkundeere ɓuuɓnde, walla ɓuuɓol boɗewol/ɓaleewol ina heddii caggal hojomaaji 15 : Nate caggal waktuuji (hono no lampa kamera nii) ina keewi majjude e nder hojomaaji 2 haa 15. So tawii haa jooni aɗa yi’a ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri hakkundeeri walla alkule ŋakkuɗe nde njanngata tawa gite maa ina ɓuuɓna (skotoma hakkundeejo), laabi juutɗi ɓuuɓɗi (metamorphopsia), walla ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri ɓuuɓndi (ƴiiƴam vitreux walla retinal), yah to doktoor gite walla to opitaal ngam ƴeewde gite toowɗe e nder hours ƴeewndo kortikosteroid.
6. Habrir nokkuure tigi-rigi e kala mbaydi laser oto walla laana ndiwoowa to polis e laamuuji diwooje: So a dartiima e kisal walla caggal nde a rokkii kaɓirɗe e pilot mo daɗndaani, noddu limoore emergency nokku maa (911 e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 e nder leydi Amerik, Dental Orop9 men che9 limooje caɗtuɗe regginorde (e Konngol jolngo weeyo so ina diwa). Tiimde laser e laana ndiwoowa walla oto dilloowo ko bonannde mawnde e nder fotde kala juɓɓule ; habrude colour beam e jokkondire mbeddaaji ina addana elikopteeruuji polis e diwanuuji patroŋaaji yiytude waɗoowo oo ɗoon e ɗoon.

Laser gite fiyde e akustik disorientaasiyoŋ taktik pellital flowchart¶

Huutoro ndee lekki pellital ngam reende yiytere maa, nanɗe maa, e jokkondire otooji maa e nder kewu optik walla akustik tiimaaɗo.

flowchart TD
    Event["Kewu Semmbe Ardinooɗo : Ɓoorno-ɗaa wutte laser jalboowo ɗoon e ɗoon WALLA ɓuuɓol akustik toowngol desibel"] --> Modality{"1. Hol sifaa haajuuji gonɗi e maa?"}
    Modality -->|"A. Laser Ɓooyɗo (Haako-Haako, Bulo, Violet, walla Boɗeejo)"| ContextCheck{"2. Aɗa gollina oto/laana ndiwoowa walla ko koyɗe?"}
    Modality -->|"B. Ɓoornugol daande toownde (Kanndaa sonndu LRAD / Siren Ultrasonik)"| SealEars["Sokkitde noppi ɗii e toɓɓude ɓuuɓri Tragus e nder; Uddit Hunduko Seeɗa ngam Fotndude Ɓooygol Noppi"]
    ContextCheck -->|"Woppude Oto, Kammbo, walla Lowre"| DriveShield["WOTO ndaar e Fuɗɗoode Beam; Flip Down Visor Naange walla Blok Glare Spot e junngo wooto; Waɗde fitirlaaji Dash"]
    ContextCheck -->|"Pilot Laana ndiwoowa"| PilotShield["Gite Gartirɗi; Falnde Kontroluuji e Pilot mo feeñaani (‘Aɗa jogii Laana ndiwoowa’); Turn Up Annoore Kokpit; Noddu ATC"]
    ContextCheck -->|"E Koyɗe / Jamaanu / Nokku Golle"| FootShield["Wirlo Hoore 90 Degereeji; Toɓɓere Chin; Gite Shield E Juuɗe walla Hat Brim; Moƴƴinde Koppi Opaque"]
    DriveShield --> SafeStop["Steer Huutoraade Laana Fog Nyaamo; Ƴeewto Fiilti Hazard; Pullo Off Laawol Kisal; Ciimtol ngol to 911 / 112 / 999"]
    PilotShield --> VisionCheck{"3. Caggal hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e nder annoore no woorunoo, hol no njiyru-ɗaa (fotde yitere wootere e sahaa gooto) ?"}
    FootShield --> VisionCheck
    SafeStop --> VisionCheck
    VisionCheck -->|"Afterimage Fades Timmuɗo & Janngude Yiytere Ko Ɓooynde"| Monitor24["Hoto Rub Gite; Fooftere Gite; Jadwal Optometrie Ƴeewto so tawii ñawu gite seeɗa ina jokki"]
    VisionCheck -->|"Toɓɓere Niwre Duuɓnde e Yiytere Cakkitiinde, Laabi Wavy, Floaters, walla Naafigaagal Gite"| UrgentEye["ƊAƊƊI CAAFORDE: Yah to Doktoor Gite / Gite ER Ñalnde heen ngam ƴeewndaade OCT Retinal & Triage Steroid"]
    SealEars --> MoveLateral["Moƴƴinde 90 Degereeji LATERALLY (Bannge Yahde e 30-Degereeji Konu Sonndu) Caggal Beton/Koppi Oto"]
    MoveLateral --> EarCheck["So tawii ƴiiƴam noppi, vertigo tiiɗɗo, walla nanɗe muusɗe ina njokki: ƴeew ENT / Cafroowo Emergency e nder waktuuji 24"]

Faamde ñawanɗe gite laser : Dazzle vs¶

So lampa laser naatii e gite maa, ƴulɓe e gite kiristaal ina njuɓɓina oon lampa paralel e nokku mikroskoop e dow retina maa (tissue neuronal sensible à la lumière to caggal gite), ina njuɓɓina densité de l’énergie (irradiance) haa 100 ti,000. E wiyde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Aviation (FAA, Amerik), Fedde Adunaare Aviation Siwil (ICAO), e Akademi Ameriknaajo Ophtalmologie (AAO), ƴellitaare laser ina addana njiylawu toɓɓe tati ɓeydotooɗe :

Porotokolle nguurndam laaɓtuɗe wonande sofereeɓe e piloteeɓe ɓe laser fiyi jamma¶

Porotokol A: Ngam Motooji, Sofereeɓe Kammu, e Dowlaaji Laanaaji¶

Bonanndeeji e bonnooɓe dariiɓe e dow ŋoral laabi mawɗi, e dow ŋoral yahooɓe, walla e dow ŋoral laabi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyloo laseruuji ɓaleeji walla daneeji toowɗi e nder gite otooji e semi-kamuuji garooji jamma.

1. Keeɗ gite maa glued e junngo ñaamo daneejo pavement ŋorol ŋorol (Fog Line): No so wumre e lampaaji toowɗi garooji, ɗoon e ɗoon ƴettu nokku maa les e to bannge ñaamo (walla nano e nder leyɗeele nano-drive e nder ŋoral maa w hidge e yeeso) ngam rewindaade pa hood.
2. Flippu dow Sun Visor maa e ɓuuɓnude dashboard maa nder suudu / lampaaji dome UP:
3. Flipping opaque naange visor les ina haɗa lampaaji laser jowitiiɗi e dow laabi mawɗi walla e dow tule dow oto maa.
4. So a ƴettii jalbugol kuutorgal daasbord maa (walla aɗa ɓuuɓna seeɗa e annoore kartal ngal) ina usta seeɗa gite maa gonɗe e niɓɓere gila e milimeeteeruuji 7 haa e milimeeteeruuji 3, ina usta kadi jolngo lampa laser.
5. Woto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude fereeji e hakkunde laawol mawngol jaawngol: Fereeji tiiɗɗi haa e joofnirde maaynde e nder laawol mawngol nguurndam tawa ina ɓuuɓna ina addana jolngo caggal-caɗeele bonngo ummoraade e jolngo caggal ngo difooɓe mum en kadi mbaawi ɓuuɓde e laser gooto. Sokkit lampaaji kulɓiniiɗi laabi nay maa, ɓuuɓna koyngal maa e dow accelerator, jogoo volan oo no feewi, coftal e dow ŋoral ñaamowal tan so aɗa waawi yiyde ŋoral pavement ngal no laaɓiri.
6. No ƴeewtorto-ɗaa so tawii gite maa ina mawnina gite: Gite dirtuɗe cuɗaaɗe e filmo simme nder, dashboard plastic off-gassing haze, walla yaasi laawol salt scatter laser light laabi 10 ɓuri gilaas laaɓɗo bonde. Woto ɓuuɓnu ɓuuɓri maa lootirndi henndu tawa laser ina fiyra gilaas oo, sabu toɓɓe ndiyam e dow gilaas oo ina mbaɗa ujunnaaje ujunnaaje lensuuji tokoosi ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi cirƴata lampa laser oo e nder gilaas oo fof.

Porotokol B : Ngam piloteeɓe njulaagu, elikopteeruuji, e piloteeɓe diwooje kuuɓtodinɗe¶

Jaaynde laser laana ndiwoowa e nder diwgol jamma e ɓadtagol mum haa timma ina ɓura 10 000 kewuuji cifaaɗi hitaande kala e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Orop tan. Cirkulaar wasiyaaji FAA AC 70-2B e kuule safaara aeronautik ICAO ina mbiya ngool laawol laaɓtungol e nder laaɗe diwooje :

1. Reento gite maa ko adii ("Ƴeew nder suudu laana ndiwoowa"): E oon sahaa nde lampa laser yani e werlaa, ƴeew les nder suudu laana ndiwoowa to bannge kuutorɗe, tawa meeɗaa ƴeewde e werlaa bannge oo feewde leydi ngam etaade anndude hol caggal galle lampa kaa ummotoo.
2. Uddude fitirlaaji henndu e wirnude fitirlaaji cockpit to Maximum: Jogaade clipboard, kartal ƴeewndo, walla gartirgol flare ngam uddude panneel windo jalboowo, e wirnude dome cockpit e fitirlaaji ilam UP to toowɗo ngam ittude mbaydi niɓɓere-adaptaasiyoŋ e ustude glare veiling.
3. Waɗde jolngo laana ndiwoowa ɗoon e ɗoon so tawii Pilot gooto ina Dazzled:
4. E nder ekipaaji piloteeɓe ɗiɗo, so Pilot Flying (PF) fiyii e gite, heɓi wumre ɓuuɓnde, ɗoon e ɗoon waɗtu heen mbayliigu moƴƴu ("Aɗa jogii doole diwgol" / "Miɗo jogii doole diwgol") e pilot mo njiytaaka.
5. E nder laana ndiwoowa pilot gooto, jokkondir e Autopilot ɗoon e ɗoon (walla fiyde tan e kuutorɗe diwgol), e waɗde ɓurtugol / yah-ngartaa walla ƴeeŋtugol leefngol e laawol bempeƴƴe so tawii ina yayna les 300 meeter (1 000 feet) AGL e laawol cakkitiingol.
6. Ciimtol feewde e Konngol jolngo weeyo (ATC) huutoraade konnguɗi kuutorteeɗi:
7. Jaaynde e ƴoƴre maa ATC golloowo: "ILLUMINATION LASER UNAUTHORISED" rewi heen ko joɗnde maa/tooweeki maa, mbaydi lampa, tiitoonde/waktu ƴoogirde, e so tawii lampa kaa ina rewi e laana ndiwoowa.

Gite laser keertiiɗe e njuuteendi ɓoggi (Gaareeji laser)¶

Wonande piloteeɓe njulaagu, gollotooɓe e elikopteeruuji toppitiiɗi sariya, gollotooɓe kisal, e jaayndiyankooɓe gollotooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo laseruuji juɓɓuɗi keewi huutoreede, gite naange ɓaleeje gaadoraaɗe REENAANI retina e laser Class 3B walla Class 4 :

• Ko waɗi gite naange polarizeeje gaadoraaɗe ina ŋakkiraa: Gite naange tinndinooje ɓaleeje ina kaɗa tan 70 haa 85 e nder teemedere annoore yiyteende (Densité Optique walla OD ko ina tolnoo e 0,5 haa 0,8) tawa ina addana almuɓɓe maa ɓeydaade yaajde e nder niɓɓere, ina addana gite 1 000 lattser be ɓuuɓna retina maa.
• No gite kisal laser Notch-Filter kuutortoo: Gite kisal laser e taktik seedtinaaɗe gite kisal gite laser (LEP) kuutortoo ko daneeji polikarbonaat keertiiɗi walla mbaydiiji dielektrik ɓuuɓɗi toɗɗaaɗi e Densité optique (OD 2+ haa OD 4+) e njuuteendi keertiiɗi (OD 2+ haa OD 4+)** e njuuteendi keeriindi (OD 2+ haa OD 4+)** 445 nm ko ɓuuɓri). Filter OD 3.0 ina usta jolngo laser 1 000 miliwatt kulɓiniingo fotde 1 000 (dow 1 miliwatt mo alaa ko bonnata) tawa ina addana njuuteendi ɓoggi kuutorɗe cockpit ɗe ngonaa laser rewde heen mbele aɗa waawa janngude haa jooni gaasuuji maa. Waɗde sahaa kala ƴeewto-ɗee so tawii gite laser ina njogii limre njuuteendi ɓoggi reentorɗi laaɓtuɗi e nder nanomeeteeruuji (nm) e tolno mum ANSI Z136.1 walla EN 207 Densité Optique.

No mbaɗirten jarribo hoore mum 60 sekon ngam anndude so tawii ko bonnugol retina (Ƴeewndo Amsler Grid)¶

So tawii a fiyii e yeeso e toɓɓere laser jalbooje walla laser junngo, aɗa yiɗi anndude so tawii aɗa jogii wumre ɓuuɓnde nde alaa ko bonnata, walla ɓuuɓri gonndi e gite, nde hatojini e doktoor gite, ɗaɓɓu hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu no woorunoo, mbaɗa ndeeɗoo jarribo monokulaar hoyre mum :

1. Ƴeewto YIITE GOOTOL E WAKTU (Kuulal teeŋtungal): Ɓoorno-ɗaa gite maa jaŋngugol no woorunoo so a ɓoorniima ɗe. Suuɗde yitere maa nano haa timma e junngo maa nano (tawa a ɓuuɓnaaki e ɓuuɓri gite), ƴeew e yitere maa ñaamo tan hello binndol tokosol tappirde, grid keyboard smartphone, walla laabi grout tile wall bathroom gila e 35 santimeeteer (14 inch) woɗɗude. Ndeen waylu juuɗe ƴeewto yitere maa nano tan.
2. Ko waɗi aɗa foti suɗaade gite goote : Sabu ngaandi neɗɗo ina huutoroo gite maa celluɗe ngam "hebbinde" nokku ɓuuɓɗo tokooso e nder gite maa gonɗe e ɓuuɓri (suppression binoculaire), yimɓe wonduɓe e ɓuuɓri maculaire 50% e gite goote ina keewi teskaade ɗum haa ɓe sudda gite maɓɓe moƴƴe.
3. Ƴeewto ɗeeɗoo Banngeeji Boɗeeji Nay Emergency Retinal:
4. Toɓɓere Niwre, Boɗeere, walla Ɓooynde (Scotoma): So a ndaarii alkulal gootal e hakkunde konngol (yeru, "R" e nder konngol SMARTPHONE), mbele alkulal hakkundeewal "S" ina majja, ina ndaara ina loota, walla ina jooɗoo caggal "E") heddotoo ko yiyeede?
5. Laabi juutɗi ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi, walla ɓuuɓɗi (Metamorphopsia): So a ƴeewii laabi juutɗi gonɗi e dow ŋoral e ŋoral gonngal e ŋoral, walla e ŋoral, walla e ŋoral damal e gite goote, mbele laabi ŋoral ina ŋoŋɗi e nder, ina ŋoŋɗi, walla ina ŋoŋɗi sara hakkunde gite maa?
6. Ɓoornugol kesol ɓuuɓngol, toɓɓe ɓaleeje, walla ɓuuɓol boɗewol: Mbele aɗa yi’a ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri kesiri ina ɓuuɓtoo e gite maa walla ɓuuɓri boɗeeri (hollitoowo ƴiiƴam mikroskoop ummoraade e kapilaar retinal ruppitiiɗo)?
7. Decreased Color Saturation: Mbele huunde boɗeere jalboore ina nanndi e ɓaleere ɓuuɓnde walla ɓuuɓnde e yitere nde fiyraa ndee so renndinaama e yitere nde ɓuuɓnaaka?

So tawii kala heen e ɗeeɗoo maale nay ina woodi hojomaaji 15 caggal nde laser yani, yah to Departemaa Emergency to opitaal walla to safrirde gite urgent ñalnde heen.

Kaɓirɗe ɓuuɓɗe (LRADs, Kanyonuuji Sonndu, e Sireneeji toowɗi dB)¶

Hailers akustik gonɗi e laawol, ko ɓuri teeŋtude ko Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), kanndaaji gonɗi e ƴellitde jamaanu, e sireneeji kisal desibel toowɗo no feewi, ina kuutoroo mbaydiiji fawaade e mbaydiiji piezoelektrik ngam ƴellitde ƴoƴre sonndu keeriiɗo to **1B the tunbel to **1235 2 000 haa 4 000 Hz ko ɓuuɓri noppi neɗɗo.

Ko kewata e ɓanndu neɗɗo e 130 haa 160 desibel¶

Defansiyoŋ 4-Step e Beam Akustik Golloowo¶

Sabu laylayti akustik toowɗi ina mbaɗa no lampaaji daande ɗi njiyataa nii, wonaa no haaloowo omnidirectional nii, fisik ina rokka on laabi tati jooni jooni ngam ustude tolno desibel oo fotde 30 haa 40 dB e nder leƴƴanɗe ɗiɗi :

1. Siftor noppi maa ɗoon e ɗoon e huutoraade "Tragus Push" (Palɗe ɗe cuppaaka):
2. Waɗde juuɗe maa ɓutte e dow yaasi noppi maa ina haɗa tan ko ina wona 5 haa 10 dB daande toownde.
3. E nder ɗuum, waɗtu ŋoral koppi gonɗi e ŋoral ɗiɗmal ɗii fof e dow ŋoral (ɓurngal ŋoral tokosal, tiiɗngal, ngal woni yeeso ɓuuɓri noppi maa) e toɓɓu ŋoral tragus ngal no feewi e nder nofru biyoloji mahraa nii ngam siifde ŋoral noppi ngal haa laaɓa cer. Toɓɓude tragus nder ina addana 25 haa 30 dB ɓuuɓol akustik ɗoon e ɗoon, ustude ɓuuɓol 145 dB mettungol les haa 115 dB wuuroowo e oon sahaa.
4. So aɗa jogii noppi ɓuuɓɗi (NRR 30 haa 33 dB) e/walla noppi ɓuuɓɗi dow noppi/industriel, ɓoornaade noppi ɓuuɓɗi les noppi ɓuuɓɗi ("reende laabi ɗiɗi") ina haɗa haa 35 haa 40 dB.
5. Uddit Hunduko Maa Seeɗa e Muusde / Jaw-Wiggle:
6. No e nder puccitgol walla jippagol laana ndiwoowa nii, jogaade hunduko maa seeɗa e diwde jawdi maa ina uddita tubes Eustachien jokkondirɗe caggal daande maa e nofru maa hakkundeejo, ina addana ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓol akustik fotde banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof e nofru maa no membrane to te membrane nii .
7. Diwtu 90 Degereeji TO TO WOƊƊI (Fooyre e Yeeso Emitter):
8. Ƴeewee diƴƴe LRAD ɗe njuuteendi mum en ko njuuteendi walla cirƴaande (ina heewi waɗeede e dow ŋoral oto ndartinaango, walla ŋoral ŋoral, walla laana).
9. Sabu 2,5 kHz ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina tiiɗi no feewi, ɓuuɓol ngol ina hawra e ɓuuɓol 15 haa 30 degere, to bannge yeeso yeeso ɓuuɓngo ɓuuɓol ngol.
10. Woto meeɗ dogde caggal dow mbedda yeeso diƴƴe. Ƴettu 10 haa 15 paɗe jaawɗe 90 degere to nano walla to bannge ñaamo ngam dogde e yaasi daande konngol sonndu nduu; taƴde tan ko 20 degere e dow ŋoral ina usta tiiɗnaare daande ndee fotde 15 haa 25 dB ɗoon e ɗoon.
11. Waɗde Mass Solid, Dense Hakkunde Hoore Maa e Emitter:
12. Ɗemɗe kuuɓtodinɗe 2,5 kHz ina njiyloo e dow ɗaŋe tiiɗɗe, denndaaɗe, ɗe mbaawataa ɓuuɓde (diffract) e saraaji ŋoral teddungal. Taƴde caggal piilngal beton, ŋoral mahdi birik, ŋoral mason tiiɗngal, dumunna, walla bolol moteri oto ina haɗa ŋoral akustik line-of-sight ɗoon e ɗoon. (Tesko: Jogaade maande karton, saak, walla umbrella yeeso yeeso maa HAƊATAA ɓoggi akustik, kadi ina waawi wonde tigi rigi no alluwal sonndu dimmbata sara hoore maa.)

Cafrirɗe caggal ñawu akustik walla ultrasonik¶

So a woɗɗiima ƴoogirde sonndu e nder nokku deƴƴuɗo, ƴeewto noppi maa e balans maa :

• Njogitagol wakkati (Tinnitus) e Naatgol Muusngol : Noppi toowɗi e "koton" e nder noppi (Shift Threshold Temporary) ina heewi waɗde e nder waktuuji 12 haa 48 caggal nde neɗɗo ƴetti daande mawnde. Heddo e nokku deƴƴuɗo, reenaade kaɓirɗe walla jimɗi belɗi balɗe keewɗe ngam ɗaccude ƴiye coklirɗe ɗe mbaylaaka e nder metabolism ina cella.
• Nde ɗaɓɓirtee ENT / Cafrirɗe Emergency ñalnde wootere:
• Naatgol nanɗe sensorineural ɗoon e ɗoon (Muusde nanɗe hakkundeeje haa tiiɗɗe e noppi gooti walla ɗiɗi ɗii fof): No ɓuuɓri retina nii, ɓuuɓri akustik nder noppi ina ɓuri jaabaade e **safaara kortikosteroid mo doseeji toowɗi puɗɗiiɗi e nder **24 ɓuuɓri koɗki e hisnude ƴiye gaasa bonɗe. Hoto ɗaɓɓu jonte ɗiɗi e yaakaare nanɗe muusɗe maa laaɓtu e hoore mum.
• Ruptured Eardrum (Perforation de la membrane tympanique) : Ko ɗum hollirta ko ɓuuɓri noppi tiiɗndi, ndi joofnata ɗoon e ɗoon, ndiyam laaɓɗam walla ƴiiƴam jalboojam ina yalta e ɓuuɓri noppi, walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri so aɗa fuɗa nofru maa. Waɗde noppi ɗii 100 e nder teemedere ina njooɗii (woto mbaɗtu ndiyam, ɓuuɓri cotton, walla ɓuuɓri noppi ɗi njiɗaa) e ƴeewde otolaryngologist (ENT) walla doktoor emergency.
• Vertigo walla Nystagmus duumotooɗo : So suudu nduu ina jokki e wirnude walla a waawaa yahde e laawol peewal tawa aɗa ɓuuɓtoo ko ɓuri waktu gooto caggal nde njaltuɗaa e nokku ɗo ƴiiƴam ɗam woni ɗoo, ɗaɓɓu ƴeewndo ko yaawi ngam anndude so tawii ko fistula perilimfe nder noppi walla ɓuuɓri labyrinthine.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Hol ko waɗi mi ƴeewataa feewde e ɓuuɓol laser ngam ƴeewde hol jalboowo ɗum e oto am walla e laana ndiwoowa am?¶

Hoto meeɗ ƴeewde to iwdi lewru laser, hay so ko feccere leƴƴannde. So a ndaarii dow laawol lewru laser, lewru gite maa ina fotnoo ƴeewde lewru laser paralel nduu e dow cakkital makula maa (fovea, ko kañum rokkata 100 e nder teemedere e jaŋngugol maa tiiɗngol e yiytere diwtunde), ina fooɗta doole lewru nduu laabi 100 000. Laseruuji daneeji walla ɓaleeji baawɗi yeeyeteeɗi e internet ina mbaawi ustude ɓuuɓri duumiindi e dow fovea maa e nder leƴƴanɗe 0,25, ko ɗum ɓuri yaawde e ɓuuɓri neɗɗo. Waɗde sahaa kala ƴeewto-ɗaa, ɓuuɓna wuttulo maa, kuutoro-ɗaa gite maa periferik walla gartirgol opaque hono gartirgol naange ngam haɗde annoore.

Hol no nganndir-mi so tawii toɓɓere laser waɗii bonannde duumiinde e retina am walla ko caggal tan?¶

Waɗde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu no woorunoo ngam wumre lampa no woorunoo (nde nanndi e nokku ɓuuɓɗo caggal nde ƴeew-ɗaa lampa kamera) ngam majjude, caggal ɗuum ƴeewndo gite maa no feewi gooto gooto, tawa aɗa sudda gite maa goote e junngo maa, aɗa ƴeewa binndol tokosol walla laylaytol diidi tile laaɓtuɗi. So tawii natal caggal ngal majjii haa laaɓi e nder hojomaaji 15, alkule ɗee ina njiyloo gite ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina laaɓti, alaa ko ɓuuɓnata ɗum haa abada. Kono so tawii haa jooni aɗa yi’a ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri walla ɓaleeri ina darii ina haɗa alkulal hakkundeewal ngal ƴeewtoto-ɗaa ngal, so tawii diidi peewtuɗi ina nanndi e ɓuuɓri walla ɓuuɓri, walla so a yiyii ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri ina ɓuuɓtoo, yah to doktoor gite walla to safrirde ñalnde heen.

Hol no ɓuri yaawde daɗde e kanndaa daande LRAD mettuɗo walla e mbaydi akustik ?¶

Ko adii fof, ɓuuɓnu ɓuuɓri noppi maa ɗoon e ɗoon, tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri tokosiri gonndi e yeeso noppi maa (tragus) haa tiiɗa e nder mum, tawa aɗa huutoroo ɓuuɓri noppi maa no ɓuuɓri noppi mahraa nii, udditaa hunduko maa seeɗa ngam fotndude ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri noppi maa. Ɗiɗaɓere, woto meeɗ dogde caggal, woɗɗitaade diƴƴe LRAD, sibu kaɓirgal ngal ina ƴetta lewru ɓuuɓndu, 15 haa 30 degere, ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu yeeso fotde teemedde meeteruuji. E nder ɗuum, dogdu 90 degere bannge (perpendikulaar e yeeso emitter) ngam yaltude e ŋoral daande tiimngal, naata caggal ŋoral birik tiiɗngal, ŋoral mahdi, walla oto.

Mbele miɗo foti huutoraade wipers am e ndiyam lootirɗam so laser yanii e werlaa am jamma?¶

Alaa, woto ɓuuɓnu ndiyam lootirɗam werlaa tawa lampa laser ina fiyra werlaa maa. Toɓɓe ɓuuɓɗe e ƴiye e nder gilaas ina mbaɗa ujunnaaje ujunnaaje lenseeji tokoosi ɗi njiylotoo e cirƴam laser e nder gilaas oo fof, ina ɓeyda bonnude no feewi gite ɓuuɓɗe e nder werlaa maa. E nder ɗuum, accu wipers maa, ɓuuɓna les ɓuuɓri naange maa dow, ƴettu junngo maa dow so ina haani ngam haɗde nokku jalboowo oo e dow gilaas oo, tiiɗno-ɗaa e laylaytol danewol ngol bannge ñaamo ngol, ɓuuɓna-ɗaa no feewi tawa lampaaji maa ina njuɓɓina.

Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶

• Njuɓɓudi laaɗe diwooje (FAA, leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik): Cirkulaar wasiyaaji AC 70-2B (Ciimtol jalbugol laser e laanaaji diwooje), caɗeele laser e nder weeyo laaɗe diwooje, e peeje safaara pilotaaji.
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA, United Kingdom): Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety (Doc 9815) and Cockpit Flash Blindness Recovery Protocols.
• American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and Laser Institute of America (LIA, United States): Diagnosis and Management of Handheld Laser-Induced Maculopathy, Retinal Photothermal Injury, and ANSI Z136.1 Laser Safety Standards.
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC) and OSHA (United States): Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure, Impulse/High-Decibel Acoustic Trauma, and Dual Hearing Protection.
• American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR): Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Early Corticosteroid Intervention) and Health Impacts of Crowd-Control Acoustic Weapons (LRAD).

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Gaññeeje gite, geɗe janane, e ɓuuɓri kemikal
• Rubber bullets, flashbangs, and crowd dispersal injuries
• Civil unrest, protests, and curfews
• Car breakdown and highway shoulder safety
• Aircraft cabin depressurization, brace position, and evacuation
• Reggindo limooje emergency