Ñawu Decompression Caggal Fiyde, Barotrauma Noppi, e Fitness Safaara Jaɓɓungal¶

Fiyde e laana ndiwoowa njulaagu walla yahde e dow tulde toownde ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde diw-ɗaa e nder ndiyam, ina addana ɓanndu maa ustaade no feewi e nguleeki weeyo. Hay so tawii laanaaji diwooje njulaagu ina njogii cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi, kuule laaɗe diwooje fedde ndee e winndere ndee ina ɗaɓɓi nde cuuɗi mum en tolnii e 1 830 haa 2 440 meeteer (6 000 haa 8 000 meeteer) dow koye maayo. Ndeeɗoo ɓuuɓol fotde ko ina tolnoo e 0,75 weeyo absolute, les 1,0 weeyo to dow geec. So tawii haa jooni aɗa jogii heddiiɓe e azot ɓuuɓɗo e nder ƴiiƴam maa e ƴiye maa ummoraade e diƴƴe, walla so tawii aɗa jogii poos henndu ɓuuɓndu e nder noppi hakkundeeji, ɓuuɓri sinus, nokku ɗo seppo ngoo waɗi ko ɓooyaani, walla pneumothorax mo ɓuuɓnaaka, ndeeɗoo decompression ɓuuɓnde ina waawi addande ma mette ɓuuɓɗe, demboaf fatal gas inner-e duumotooɗo hakkunde weeyo.

So tawii aɗa wondi e mette e ɓuuɓri e nder diwgol caggal njuulu, aɗa wondi e ɓuuɓri noppi ɓuuɓndi ndi fotaani fotde e jippagol, walla ƴeewtaade so tawii tergal galle maa ina waawi naatde e diwgol hakkunde leyɗeele caggal nde o hopitaal caggal leydi, anndinde jaawɗo e protocole preventman physiologique tiiɗɗo. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina hollita golle caɗtuɗe e nder diwooje ngam tuumeede ñawu decompression, Reso Jeertinaango Divers (DAN) e Fedde Cafrirɗe Leydi e Hiperbarik (UHMS) hakkundeeji hade diwgol, manndaaji kisal ngam barotrauma otic e sinus tiiɗɗo, e Fedde Cafrirɗe Aerospace (MIFtofly-.)

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

1. Bayyina ɗoon e ɗoon e nder diwgol walla e laawol safaara so tawii maale neurologique walla jokkondire peeñii caggal nde diw-ɗaa. So tawii ko aan walla sehil maa heɓi nafoore jokkondire luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓri-ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri-ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri-ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri-ɓuuɓri, mbayliigaaji yiytere, walla ɓuuɓri-ɓuuɓri nde diw-ɗaa walla nde diw-ɗaa e dow diwgol (scuba) pass the mountaill ɗoon e ɗoon walla pullo dow e noddude limoore emergency nokku maa (911 to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 e nder Dental Orop fof, 999 e nder leydi Angalteer) huutoraade men limooje caɗtuɗe regginorde.
2. Ɗaɓɓu 100 e nder teemedere oksijen safaara toowɗo ɗoon e ɗoon. Haaldu e gollotooɓe e nder laana ndiwoowa walla safrooɓe: *"Miin ko mi diwoowo e nder waktuuji 48 cakkitiiɗi ɗii, kadi miɗo wondi e rafi decompression tuumaaɗo. Miɗo haani jokkude oksijen toowɗo 100 e nder teemedere huutoraade mask non.rew no-therw." valve so ina woodi e nder kaɓirgal safaara ɓuuɓngal ɓeydaande laana ndiwoowa, wonaa kanel nofru ɓuuɓɗo.
3. Jokkondir e Reso Jeertinaango Divers (DAN) 24 hojom ngam heɓde ballal cafroowo hiperbarik. So aɗa jogii Wi-Fi satelit, jokkondire telefoŋ weeyo-leydi, walla signal celluka leydi, noddu Laylaytol DAN e +1-919-684-9111 (e nder winndere ndee kala, mooftu noddaali jaɓaaɗi) walla laylaytol DAN Europe to... +39-06-4211-8685 ko noon karallo safaara diwooje waawi jokkondirde e toppitiiɗo safaara leydi (hono MedAire walla Stat-MD) e yiytude suudu hiperbarik gollordu ɓurndu ɓadaade.
4. Lelnu ñawɗo oo e dow leydi (supine) e ɓuuɓnude ɗum e ndiyam laaɓɗam so tawii o anndii no feewi. Lelnude ñawɗo oo ina lelna dow. Hoto ƴettu koyɗe walla waɗtu ñawɗo oo hoore les (position Trendelenburg), sibu ɓuuɓnude hoore les ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ina ɓeyda ɓuuɓri ngaandi. Hokkude neɗɗo oo ndiyam ɗam alaa alkol, ɗam alaa kafeyin so tawii neɗɗo oo ina waawi muñde ɗum e dow jam.
5. Woppu ɓuuɓde nofru e doole ɗoon e ɗoon so tawii aɗa nana ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol ɓuuɓngol, walla ɓuuɓgol nanɗe e nder fooɗtude noppi. So tawii etaade ɓuuɓnude noppi maa ina addana-ma ɓuuɓde no feewi, ɓuuɓde no feewi, walla ɓuuɓde nanɗe, ina gasa tawa aɗa ruppitii ronndo barotraner e membrane maa oval). Woppu waɗde manoore Valsalva, jooɗo tiiɗngo, reena ɓuuɓnude walla ƴeftude saakuuji tedduɗi, ɗaɓɓu ƴeewndo noppi, hinere, e daande (ENT) ko yaawi so jippiima.
6. Woto meeɗ naatde e laana ndiwoowa walla yahde ko ɓuri 610 meeteer (2 000 feet) hade maa timminde dumunna potɗo waɗeede caggal nde diw-ɗaa. So tawii ordinateer maa diw-ɗaa ina hollira haa jooni nate "No-Fly" walla a hawraani e jamirooje dumunna 12 haa 24 waktuuji ɓurɗi famɗude ɗii DMSAN ina waawi recel andbook maa UMSAN established, your UH. Yoɓde njoɓdi mbayliigu laana ndiwoowa ina famɗi so yerondiraama e ñawu nguu, so en ƴeewtindiima ɗum e 11 000 meeter (36 000 meeteer) dow geec.

flowchart TD
    A["Jahoowo Ƴellitde Maale Ɓooyɗe e Diwgol walla e Pass Mountain"] --> B{"Mbele yahoowo ina diwa walla ina diwa e nder waktuuji 72 jawtuɗi ɗii?"}
    B -->|"Oho"| C{"Maandeeji : Naafigaagal Jokkondire, Ɓooygol, Vertigo, Rash, walla Ɓooygol Fooftere ?"}
    B -->|"Kay"| D{"Maandeeji: Naafigaagal Noppi/Sinus, Popping, walla Muusde ɗoon e ɗoon?"}
    C -->|"Eey - Tuumaaɗo DCS walla AGE"| E["Jeertin Cabin Crew ɗoon e ɗoon e ɗaɓɓude 100% oksijen toowɗo"]
    E --> F["Waɗde ñawɗo oo Flat (Supine) + Hokkude Ndiyam Hunduko so ina anndi"]
    F --> G["Ɗaɓɓu Jokkondiral Pilot Leydi Konngol Cafrirgol + Ɗaɓɓu Toowgol Kabin Les / Diversion"]
    G --> H["Noddu DAN e laylaytol jolngo (+1-919-684-9111) So a jippiima ngam jolnude suudu hiperbarik"]
    D -->|"Noppi/Sinus Naafigaagal Tan"| I["Huutoro ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, ɓuuɓɗam, Toynbee, walla ɓuuɓɗam ɓuuɓɗam + ɓuuɓɗam oksimetazolin"]
    D -->|"Vertigo, Ɓoornugol, walla Muusde Sensori"| J["Tuumaaɗo Barotrauma nder Nofru / Fistula Perilimfe : Woppu Valsalva haa timma"]
    J --> K["Waɗde hoore toownde, reentaade ɓuuɓde walla ɓuuɓnude nofru, ɗaɓɓu ƴeewndo ENT ko yaawi e gargol"]

Ko waɗi diwde walla taƴde paɗe toowɗe caggal nde diwi ina addana neɗɗo ñawu decompression¶

So a foofii henndu ɓuuɓndu walla henndu alɗundu nitrox les ndiyam, ɓeydagol nguleeki ndiyam ɗam ina addana gaas azot mo alaa ko woni e mum oo rewde e alveoli ɓuuɓɗi maa, naata e nder ƴiiƴam maa e nder ƴiye maa. Kala meeteeruuji 10 (33 meeteer) ndiyam maayo ina ɓeyda 1,0 weeyo (101,3 kiloopaskal walla 14,7 kiloo e innde kaaree) nguleeki. No njahru-ɗaa e dow leydi e joofnirde diƴƴe nii, ɓuuɓol ngol ina ustoo, ina addana ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuuɓde, ngol addanta azot ɓuuɓɗo oo yaltude e ƴiye maa, hoota e nder ƴiye maa ngam yaltude.

Hay so a yaltii e ndiyam ɗam tawa a alaa maale, ƴiye maa laaɓtuɗe seeɗa (ko wayi no ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ɓalndu, e ƴiye ƴiye) ina keddii e ɓuuɓde e azot ɓuuɓɗo fotde waktuuji 12 haa 48. Algoritmeeji decompression ina hiisa tolnooji ƴeeŋtugol kisal tawa aɗa sikki maa a heddo e tolno nguleeki weeyo (1,0 ATA, walla 760 mmHg) tawa aɗa ustoo gaas.

Fisik njulaagu laana ndiwoowa kabin¶

Heewɓe e yahooɓe ina cikka e majjere wonde cuuɗi laaɗe diwooje njulaagu ina ɓuuɓna haa ɓurta ɓuuɓde e dow geec. Toɓɓude fiiseeji laana ndiwoowa haa timma, tawa ina diwa e 10 600 haa 12 500 meeter (35 000 haa 41 000 meeteer) ina addana laana ndiwoowa ŋakkere ɓurtunde. E nder kuule fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e diwooje Amerik (FAA) (14 CFR § 25.841) e kuule Fedde Oropnaare toppitiinde kisal diwooje (EASA), diwooje njulaagu ina mbaɗee ngam jogaade tooweeki ɓurtuki 2 438 meeteer (8 000 during normal feet:)

• Laanaaji diwooje gonɗi e ɓalli juutɗi e ɓalli jaajɗi (hono Boeing 737, 767, 777, e Airbus A320/A330): Jogaade tooweeki suudu hakkunde **1 830 e 2 438 meeteer (6 000 haa 8 000 barometre) 0,75 haa 0,80 weeyo (565 haa 609 mmHg).
• Laana ndiwoowa njoorndi (hono Boeing 787 e Airbus A350): Jogaade tooweeki les kabin 1 524 haa 1 830 meeteer (5 000 haa 6 000 meeteer), walla ko ina tolnoo e 0,80 haa 0,83 ss at.
• Laana ndiwoowa island-hopper e elikopteeruuji ɗi ngalaa semmbe : Laanaaji diwooje tokoosi turboprop walla piston kuutorteeɗi hakkunde duuɗe diwooje ina keewi ɓuuɓde, ina njiyloo yahooɓe e dow semmbe weeyo toowngo diwgol mum en tigi rigi.

Yahde gila e dow maayo (1,0 ATA) e nder suudu laana ndiwoowa to 2 438 meeter (8 000 meeteer, walla 0,75 ATA) ina nanndi e fijirde ummoraade e 3,3 meeter (11 meeteer) ndiyam maayo haa e dow leydi. Ndeen ustaare 25 e nder teemedere e nder nguleeki weeyo ina addana mikroo-buubaaji azot heddiiɗi e nder ƴiye maa yaajde haa mbaɗta ɓuuɓde gaasuuji maandeeji, ɗi kaɗata kapilaaruuji, ɗi ɓuuɓna ƴiye nerve, ɗi ngadda Decompression Sickness (DCS).

Ko suuɗii koɗorɗe pass trap e dow duuɗe dive¶

A fotaani naatde e laana ndiwoowa ngam heɓde rafi decompression mo tooweeki addata. E nokkuuji keewɗi ɗo diƴƴe wulnde njippintee, duɗe diƴƴe coastal ina njooɗii e dow geec tawa laawol mawngol ngol fayde e nokku maa walla e laana ndiwoowa ina ƴetta e dow ŋoral toowngal :

• Hawaii (Duunde mawnde e Maui): Doggol laawol Saddle hakkunde Kona e Hilo ina yahra e 2 021 meeter (6 632 piye), e dogde dow Haleakala ina yahra e 3 055 meeter (10 023 piye).
• Duunde Kanaari, Duunde Reunion, Bali, Taiwan, e Kosta Rika: Laabi mawɗi hakkunde maayo haa nder leydi ina keewi taƴde koɗli hakkunde 1 000 e 2 500 meeteer (3 300 haa 8 200 meeteer) e nder hojomaaji 45 e daande maayo.

Kala ƴeeŋtugol diwooje walla telefoŋaaji dow 300 haa 610 meeteer (1 000 haa 2 000 meeteer) ɗoon e ɗoon caggal nde diwtugol ngol waɗi, ina jogii batte yaajde buubaaji hono no diwde e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka nii.

Laabi laawɗuɗi ko adii nde diwtata (DAN e UHMS)¶

Ngam haɗde ñawu nguu ɓuuɓngu sabu tooweeki, Reso jeertinaango diwooɓe (DAN) e Fedde safaara les maayo e hiperbarik (UHMS) mbaɗii laabi nanondiral kollitooji waktuuji ɓurɗi famɗude ɗi pot-ɗaa fadde e dow maayo caggal nde njaltu-ɗaa e diwooje maa cakkitiiɗe hade maa yahde e tooweeki njulaagu walla.

Tablo pellital hakkunde dowri ko adii diwgol¶

Anndude e ƴellitde ñawu nguu e nder dingiral (DCS)¶

Maale ñawu nguu (decompression) baɗte tooweeki ina keewi fuɗɗoraade e sahaa nde laana ndiwoowa ka fuɗɗotoo yahde to tooweeki (e nder hojomaaji 20 haa 60 caggal nde ka ummii) walla e nder waktuuji ɗiɗi haa nay gadani diwgol ka. Doktooreeɓe ina cennda ñawu nguu e nder Sifaa I (Muskuloskeletal, Cutaneous, e Limphatic) e Sifaa II (Neurologique, Noppi ndernderi, e Cardiopulmonaire), hay so tawii noon ɗiɗo fof ina ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndo oksijen 100 e nder teemedere e ƴeewndo safaara hiperbarik sabu sifaa I ina heewi yahrude yeeso e sifaa II tooweeki.

Maandeeji e maale ñawu nguu caggal diwgol¶

• DCS sifaa I (Naafigaagal tan e ɓalndu):
  • Naafigaagal luggiɗngal e nder jokkondire periartikulaare ("The Bends"): Naafigaagal luggiɗngal, luggiɗngal e nder jokkondire mawɗe, ɓurngal heewde ko e ɓalndu, e wuttulo, e koppi, walla e koyngal. Nandugol e ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri jokkondire DCS heewi ko ɓeydaade bonde e dille leelɗe, kadi ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam e sara jokkondire ina waawi ustude ɓuuɓri ndii e sahaa.
  • DCS ɓalndu (Cutis Marmorata / Skin Bends): Ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi rewi heen ko ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri, marbere, boɗeeri-boɗeeri walla ɓuuɓri-boɗeeri e nder ɓalndu, e koyɗe, e ɓalndu, walla e reedu. Wiɗtooji safaara kollitii wonde cutis marmorata ina jokkondiri no feewi e ɓuuɓri ɓernde ñaamo-naamo (Patent Foramen Ovale, walla PFO) tee ina heewi arde e DCS ɓalndu walla ɓalndu.
  • Ɓuuɓri limfatik: Ɓuuɓri pittaali nokkuure walla ɓuuɓri limfatik teddundi e nder ɓalndu, e nder wuttulo, walla e nder reedu.
• DCS mo sifaa II (Neurologique e Kardiyopulmonaire kulɓiniiɗo nguurndam):
  • DCS ɓalndu: Ɓuuɓri walla ɓuuɓri pinndi (paresthesie) e koyɗe, koyɗe, walla juuɗe ; tampere koyɗe yahrude yeeso; caɗeele yahde e dow laana ndiwoowa ; ɓuuɓri nanndundi e bannge e nder reedu walla e ɓalndu ; walla waasde waawde ɓuuɓde e sahaa gooto (retention de la vessie neurogénique) walla waasde jogaade hakkille e ɓalndu.
  • Cerebral DCS: Ɓuuɓri hoore tiiɗndi, ŋakkeende yiytere (ɓuuɓri, yiytere tunnel, yiytere ɗiɗi), haala ɓuuɓka, jiiɓru, ŋakkeende muñal no feewi, walla ŋakkeende bannge gooto ina nanndi e a nyau pali.
  • DCS noppi nder (Bends vestibulaires / "The Staggers"): Ɓooygol gonngol e ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri gite tawa yiɗaa (nystagmus), e ŋakkeende ballal.
  • DCS cardiopulmonaire ("The Chokes"): Naamne ɓuuɓɗe e nder reedu, ɓuuɓri yoorndi ndi fooftere luggiɗnde addata, fooftere yaawnde, e siyanosis (siyanosis) ummoriiɗo e emboli gaas ƴiiƴam ina ɓuuɓna filtirde pulmonaire. Ɗum ina waawi yahrude yeeso haa cirƴaa e nder hojomaaji seeɗa.

Porotokol emergency gonɗo e nder suudu laana ndiwoowa¶

So tawii ko aan walla sehil maa diwoowo heɓi heen huunde e ɗeeɗoo maale tawa aɗa woni e weeyo:

1. Anndin Lead Flight Attendant (Purser) ɗoon e ɗoon, woto suuɗ maale maa. Diwooje ina keewi suuɗde e nder diwooje sabu ina kuli wonde ina tuuma ɗum en bonnude kuule diwooje caggal diwooje walla saabaade diwgol diwooje. Leeltude oksijen tawa ɓuuɓri azot ina ɓuuɓna ɓalndu maa e nder geec ina waawi addande neɗɗo ɓuuɓri duumiindi.
2. Hollu konngol safaara laaɓtungol ngam ustude ƴeewndo safaara leydi laaɗe diwooje: > "Miin ko mi diwoowo e nder ndiyam, mo ñawu Decompression (Decompression Sickness) ɓuuɓngu nguu addata e tooweeki suudu. Jokkondir e Kapiteen e cafroowo maa (MedAire walla Stat-MD) ɗoon e ɗoon. Miɗo haani oksijen safaara jokkondirɗo 100 e nder teemedere e tolno ɓurɗo toowde."
3. Optimize system de livraison de oxygène de l'avion:
   • Butelaaji oksijen gonɗi e yahooɓe e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu ina keewi waɗeede e njuɓɓudi doolnundi, tawa ina waɗi 2 liiteer e hojomaaji (LPM) walla 4 LPM rewrude e kanel nofru koolaaɗo walla mask basic.
   • Facciro e dow neɗɗaagal gollotooɓe e nder laana kaa wonde oksijen e nder ñawu decompression ina rokka ngam sosde mbaydi loowdi zero-nitrogen ko noon azot yaawirta yaltude e buubaaji ɗii. Ñaago-ɗee gollotooɓe ɓee nde ƴeewtotoo Kit Medical Emergency (EEMK) laana ndiwoowa ka ngam ƴeewde Mask mo alaa fooftere e saak reservoir e waɗde njuɓɓudi siliñ oksijen e nokku mum ɓurɗo toowde (10 haa 15 LPM), ƴeewde silindir ress time fcro a.
4. Naamndo Kapiteen yo jippin altitude pressure cabin so tawii ina waawi huutoreede:
   • E fawaade e sifaa laana ndiwoowa, yah-ngartaa weeyo, e keɓe petroŋ, gollotooɓe e laana ndiwoowa ina mbaawi waɗde e junngo mum en jokkorgal (contrôleur) ɓuuɓngal (contrôleur de pressure) ngam jogaade tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e tolno diwgol les, ustude tooweeki laana ndiwoowa feewde e tolno geec (walla 600 haa 1 200 meeteer / 2 000 fee). Kala feccere e weeyo ɓeydaango nguleeki kabine ina ɓuuɓna e ɓanndu ɓuuɓol azot fawaade e sariya Boyle (\(P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2\)).
   • So tawii diwoowo oo ina jogii Maale neurologique walla cardiopulmonaire Tipe II (tampere koyɗe, paralisis, retention de la venaire, confusion, walla "the chokes") e nder dingiral juutngal, ƴeewndo safaara leydi ina waawi wasiyaade Kapiteen oo nde waɗata diwgol safaara ko yaawi to aeroport hyperbaline medicpaine ɓurɗo ɓadaade.
5. Reentaade darnde horizontal e ɓuuɓri hunduko:
   • Rewtin jooɗorde ndee haa timma walla lelnu diwooje ɗee e dow jooɗorɗe rowrowre ɗe ngalaa hay huunde e jokkere enɗam jokkondirnde e sahaa turbulence.
   • Waɗde diwoowo oo ina yara 500 haa 1 000 mililiter (17 haa 34 ons ndiyam) ndiyam walla ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri e nder waktu gadano oo so tawii o jeertiima no feewi, o ɓuuɓnaaki. Deƴƴere e henndu kabine yoorndu e diuresis immersion ina addana ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓde, ɗum noon ina ɓeyda iskemiiji ƴiiƴam saraaji ɓuuɓri azot.
   • Woto ndokku aspiriin walla ibuprofen so wonaa tawa ko cafroowo diwooje yamiri ɗum, kadi hoto meeɗ rokkude anestetik oksidaa azot so tawii ko caggal ɗuum safraama e opitaal, sibu oksidaa azot ina difta e nder ɓuuɓri azot, ina yaaji e yaawre.
6. Waɗde ordinateer diwooje oo ina jokkondiri e ñawɗo oo walla e nder saak maɓɓe:
   • Cafroowo hiperbarik to opitaal jaɓɓotooɗo oo maa ƴeewto limto luggiɗngo waktuuji ordinateer diwooje ngam suɓaade hakkunde Tablo 6 (protokol gonɗo e waktuuji 4 e hojomaaji 45 ngam ustude oksijen hiperbarik e 2,8 ATA / 18 meeteer luggiɗde) walla tablo yaajngo.

Barotrauma noppi e sinus tiiɗɗo e nder diwooje e ƴeeŋtugol koɗli¶

Hay yahooɓe ɓe meeɗaa diwde e nder ndiyam ina keewi heɓde aerotitis media (barotrauma otic) e aerosinusitis (barotrauma sinus) e nder diwooje njulaagu, e nder diwooje gondolaaji, walla e nder diwooje dow koye. Famde sariya Boyle e anatomi ƴiiƴam Eustachien ina addana en seerndude hakkunde ɓuuɓri noppi hakkundeeri mettundi e ɓuuɓri noppi nder seppooji.

Ko waɗi jippagol ɓuri noppi maa bonde e ƴeeŋtude¶

E fawaade e Sariya Boyle, njaaweeki gaas gonɗo e ɓuuɓde ina luurdi e ɓuuɓol mum timmungol e nguleeki kiiɗki. Waylo ɓurngo mawnude e njuuteendi gaas ina waɗa saraaji weeyo (hakkunde 0 e 2 440 meeteer / 8 000 meeteer) :

• E nder ƴeeŋtugol e ƴeeŋgol (Ascent): So tawii nguleeki kabin ina ustoo gila e 1,0 ATA haa 0,75 ATA, henndu nanndundu e nder ɓuuɓri noppi maa hakkundeeri ina yaaji fotde 33 e nder teemedere. So tawii ɓuuɓol nder noppi maa hakkundeeji ɗii ɓurii ɓuuɓol kabine ngol fotde 15 haa 20 mmHg, henndu yaajndu nduu ina ɓuuɓna tube Eustache ɓuuɓɗo oo, ina udditoo no feewi no valve flapper mo laawol gootol nii, ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri e nder ɓalndu maa. Naamne ascent ina keewi waɗde tan e nder ɓuuɓri sinus ɓuuɓndi walla e nder vertigo alternobaric, ɗo noppi gootol ɓuuɓtata ɗoon e ɗoon, goɗɗo oo ina heddii e ɓuuɓde.
• E nder njiimaandi jippagol (Jippagol): No laana ndiwoowa jippirta caggal e dow geec e nder hojomaaji 20 haa 30, nguleeki kabin ina ummoo gila 0.75 ATA fayde e 1.0 ATA. Poos henndu nder noppi maa hakkundeeji ina ɓuuɓtoo e 25%, ina waɗa ɓuuɓri gonndi e nder nokku noppi hakkundeeji ɗii. Sabu tataɓe ɗiɗi les ɓuuɓri Eustache ko ɓuuɓri softundi, aɗa foti ɓurtude ɓuuɓnude ƴiye maa softuɗe e farinx (e ɓuuɓri, e ɓuuɓnude, walla e fotde) ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri ndii, aɗa ɗala henndu ina naata e nofru hakkundeeru nduu.
• Fenomen Locking (E ko ina tolnoo e 90 haa 120 mmHg diftoor): So a ɗaaniima e nder fuɗɗoode jippagol laana ndiwoowa walla aɗa jogii ɓuuɓri muusndi ummoraade e nguleeki walla alerji, ɓeydagol nguleeki kabine e yaasi ɓuuɓri noppi maa ina ɓuuɓna ɓuuɓri softundi flachista shut E E. So tawii noon diƴƴe gonɗe e nder tuuba oo ɓurii 90 haa 120 mmHg (ko ina wona 900 haa 1 200 meeteer / 3 000 haa 4 000 meeteer tawa fotaani), vacuum negatif oo ina sokla tuuba Eustache e strength muscular maa ngam. Muusde e ɓuuɓde nattii waawde udditaade tuuba, ɓuuɓri noppi ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder, ƴiiƴam gonɗam e nder noppi hakkundeeji ina ɓuuɓtoo (hemotympanum), ɓuuɓri noppi ina waawi ɓuuɓde.

Teknikaaji pottital noppi kisal vs kulɓiniiɗi¶

Distinguishing Middle Ear Barotrauma from Inner Ear Barotrauma (Perilymph Fistula)¶

If you feel a sudden sharp pain or pop in your ear during a flight or after a dive, distinguish between two different injuries:

• Middle Ear Barotrauma (Tympanic Membrane Rupture / Hemotympanum):
  • Symptoms: Increasing sharp pressure pain during descent that may lessen after a sharp pop, followed by muffled conductive hearing loss, a feeling of fullness or fluid behind the eardrum, and sometimes a small trickle of blood or clear fluid in the ear canal.
  • First aid: Keep the ear completely dry. Never put ear drops, water, oil, hydrogen peroxide, or cotton swabs into an ear with a suspected perforated eardrum. Most traumatic eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within 2 to 6 weeks, though a physician should inspect the ear.
• Inner Ear Barotrauma (Round or Oval Window Rupture / Perilymph Fistula):
  • Symptoms: Happens immediately after a forceful Valsalva maneuver when trying to force a blocked ear to pop. You experience instantaneous rotational vertigo (the cabin spins), nausea and vomiting, loud roaring or ringing tinnitus, and profound sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness in that ear).
  • Emergency action: This means the delicate membrane separating your middle ear from your fluid-filled inner ear cochlea has torn, leaking inner-ear perilymph fluid. Stop all nose-blowing and equalization immediately. Sit with your head elevated at 30 to 45 degrees, avoid straining or lifting heavy bags, and go straight from the airport to an emergency department with an Otolaryngologist (ENT surgeon) on call. Prompt corticosteroids, bed rest, or surgical patching of the fistula is required to salvage permanent hearing.

Flying with other medical conditions: Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) fitness rules¶

Wonaa diwgol tan woni ngonka ɗo depressurisation kabine addanta emergency safaara. E nder sariya Boyle, kala poos henndu nannduɗo e nder ɓanndu neɗɗo ina yaaji fotde 30 haa 35 e nder teemedere e nder tooweeki kabine 2 438 meeteer (8 000 piye). Hay e nder yahooɓe celluɓe, tolno oksijen ƴiiƴam arteriyel (\(PaO_2\)) ina ustoo gila e ko ina tolnoo e 95 haa 100 mmHg to dow geec haa 55 haa 60 mmHg to tooweeki kabine 8 000 meeteer (oksimeeter pulse \(SpO_8% to91\) around).

So tawii a dañii gaañannde, a seppo, walla a rafi caggal leydi, laaɗe diwooje ina mbaɗa Fedde Cafrirɗe Aerospace (AsMA) e Fedde Jaɓɓugol Aerospace hakkunde leyɗeele (IATA) balɗe limtaaɗe e deftere safaara hade maa accude ma naatde e laana ndiwoowa njulaagu galle.

Waktuuji ɗaɓɓugol safaara doole ko adii yahdu weeyo njulaagu (IATA / AsMA laabi)¶

No keɓirten seedantaagal safaara (Form IATA MEDIF) e jokkondire asiraagal yah-ngartaa¶

So tawii aɗa selli e safaara dive decompression, ƴiiƴam ɓuuɓɗam, pneumonie, walla seppo caggal leydi, aɗa sokli yahde galle maa e laana ndiwoowa njulaagu :

1. Ɗaɓɓu ɓataake ballal keeringal / Medical Desk (MEDIF) mo laana ndiwoowa ko famɗi fof waktuuji 48 haa 72 hade maa yahde:
   • Fotde laanaaji diwooje winndereeji ɗii fof ina kuutoroo Formaasiyoŋ humpito safaara IATA (MEDIF) mo pecce ɗiɗi kuutortee.
   • Feccere 1 ko yahoowo walla yahoowo timminirta ɗum (limtude limooje diwooje, haajuuji jolɗe, ɗaɓɓaande jolngo, walla njuuteendi oksijen e nder diwooje).
   • Feccere 2 ina timmi, ina siynee e cafroowo maa garoowo to opitaal nokku oo (limtude ñawu nguu laaɓtungu, tolno hemoglobin, ɓuuɓri oksijen e nder suudu \(SpO_2\), ñalngu diwgol walla seppo cakkitiingo, so tawii kala tuubaaji walla kastuuji seppo ina peccii, e so tawii ko escort ina haani).
2. Jokkondira e Assiranse maa Jaɓɓungal / Direkteer Safaara Ballal ko adii nde njoɓataa tikket maa galle:
   • So tawii a dañii rafi decompression walla rafi goɗɗo ɓuuɓɗo safaara caggal leydi, janngu doggol amen e dow emergency safaara e yaltude caggal leydi e noddude nokku ballal 24 hojom ɗoon e ɗoon.
   • Caggal ñawu nguu bonngu biyeteengu decompression Type II, diwgol njulaagu e dow 8 000 meeteer toowɗo, hay so tawii ko waktuuji 72 caggal safaara hiperbarik, ina waawi sahaa e sahaa fof saabaade rewtaade e maale neurologique. E nder caɗeele teeŋtuɗe, asiraagal maa diwgol walla poliis safaara yah-ngartaa maa yuɓɓin evacuation ambulance aérienne pressurisé à niveau de mer (to laana ndiwoowa safaara keeriiɗo diwata e kabin mum ɓuuɓɗo haa 1.0 ATA) mbele aɗa heɓa zero decompression stress e yahdu galle.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Mbele miɗo waawi fiyde e jam ko yaawi caggal nde njuumri walla njuumri e dow leydi?¶

So a lummbiima tan e dow ndiyam aɗa foofa e nder ɓuuɓri tawa aɗa lummboo les ndiyam, aɗa moofta azot ɓurɗo heewde, aɗa waawi diwde ɗoon e ɗoon. Kono so tawii a waɗii diwgol luggiɗngol ngol fooftere (diwgol ɓuuɓngol les haa 10 haa 30 meeter / 33 haa 100 meeteer e nder waktuuji keewɗi), haa teeŋti noon so tawii kadi a waɗii diwgol ɓuuɓngol e fuɗɗoode yontere, azot ina waawi mooftude haa heewi ngam saabaade diwgol freediving decompression sick. Caggal nde njuumri luggiɗndi, njuumri tiiɗndi, ɗaɓɓu ko famɗi fof waktuuji 12 haa 24 hade maa diwde.

Hol ko kewata so mi heɓii ɓuuɓri seeɗa walla ɓuuɓri ɓalndu caggal nde mi jippii e laana ndiwoowa am galle?¶

Hoto meeɗ sikkude wonde maale caggal diwgol maa njaltu e hoore mum jooni nde ngartu-ɗaa e leydi. Buubaaji azot peeñɗi e nder diwgol ina ngadda bonnugol endoteli, mooftugol ƴiiƴam, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e nder ƴiiƴam maa, jogorndi jokkude hay so artii e nguleeki tolniiki e geec. Noddu jokkorgal jokkorgal (+1-919-684-9111) ɗoon e ɗoon, njahaa e departemaa jokkorgal jokkondirngal e nokku safaara hiperbarik. Oksijen hiperbarik ina heddii e nafoore mum hay so fuɗɗiima waktuuji 24 haa 72 caggal nde maale ɗee puɗɗii.

Mbele ko goonga ɓuuɓri noppi ina haɗa barotrauma noppi e nder laanaaji diwooje ?¶

Noppi ɓuuɓɗi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi filtoraaɗi e seraamik ina njogii filtirde ɓuuɓnde, nde leeltinata njaaweeki mbayliigu ɓuuɓngu henndu kabine ina fiyra noppi maa e nder ƴeeŋtugol e jippagol. So tawii eɗe mbaawi udditaade tuuba Eustachian cokaaɗo e koye mum en, leeltinde waylo-waylo weeyo ina rokka tuuba ɓuuɓɗo waktuuji ɓeydaɗi ngam fotndude hade mum uddude. Naatde e majji hade maa diwde, ittaa e dow tooweeki (altitude) ɓuuɓɗo, naatnaa ma e hojomaaji 45 hade maa jippaade tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna e aɗa ɓuuɓna ndiyam.

Hol ko waɗi doktoor toppitiiɗo ko yaawi wiyde mi ñawu noppi am diƴƴe ko ɓuuɓri noppi nde fuɗɗii e nder diƴƴe walla e diwgol?¶

Doktoreeɓe ɓe ngonaa keɓtinaaɓe e safaara diƴƴe walla aerospace ina ƴeewa sahaa e sahaa fof ɓuuɓri noppi boɗeeri, ɓuuɓndi, ndi ndiyam woni caggal mum caggal nde diwi walla diƴƴe, ɓe mbiya barotrauma noppi hakkundeeji ɗii ko otitis media bactérien acute. Waɗde sahaa kala, haalan safroowo ƴeewtotooɗo oo daartol barometrik laaɓtungol : so tawii nafoore ndee fuɗɗii ko e jippagol, so tawii a waɗii manndaa Valsalva doole, e so tawii aɗa jogii vertigo walla tinnitus toowɗo.

Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶

• Reso jeertinaango diwooɓe (DAN) & Fedde safaara les maayo e hiperbarik (UHMS): Diwgol caggal diwgol wellitaare golle e laabi nanondiral (Hakkunde leyɗeele / Amerik).
• Konu leydi Amerik: U.S. Deftere diwgol laana ndiwoowa, ƴeewndo 7, deftere 2, faandaare 9 (Laabi ƴeeŋtugol e diwgol caggal diwgol) & deftere 5, faandaare 20 (Ƴeewndo e safrude ñawu decompression e embolism gaas arteriel) (Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Amerik).
• Fedde Cafrirɗe Aerospace (AsMA): Laabi cafrirɗe ngam yah-ngartaa e laaɗe diwooje, 2^nd Edition / Goomu cafrirɗe yah-ngartaa aerospace Wasiyaaji Fitness-to-Fly (Hakkunde leyɗeele).
• Fedde hakkunde leyɗeele toppitiinde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa weeyo (IATA): Deftere safaara IATA, 12ɓiire: Toppitagol yahooɓe, waktuuji limtooji MEDIF, e Fisiyoloji toowgol kabin (Hakkunde leyɗeele).
• Fedde Toraas Angalteer (BTS): Bayyinaango kilinik ko faati e wasiyaaji yah-ngartaa e weeyo wonande yahooɓe wonduɓe e rafi fooftere e sahaaji daɗndo caggal Pneumothorax (Leydi Angalteer).

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Emergency safaara e yaltude caggal leydi
• Ballal ammbasadeer e konsulaaji
• Stranded caggal leydi walla ustude diwooje
• Emergency laana ndiwoowa, accude laana, e neɗɗo dow laana
• Reggindo limooje emergency