Pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCb) Ɓoornugol Yiite : Ɓoornugol Ember Dow, Ɓoornugol Lewlewndu Yoorndu, e Ɓoornugol Yiite-Tornaado¶

So tawii yiite ladde toownde ina huɓɓa e nder ladde mawnde walla chaparral e nder weeyo ngulngo, yoorngo, ngo dartaaki, ɓuuɓol nguleeki ɓuuɓngol ngol ɓuuɓol ngol yaltinta (often exceeding 10,000 to 50,000 megawatts) ina diwa ɓuuɓol dow ( ).100 to 160 kilometers per hour / 60 to 100 mph) punndi 10 haa 16 kiloomeeteer (33 000 haa 53 000 meeteer) e nder weeyo les. No ɓuuɓri ummoraade e ɓuuɓri e henndu naatndu ina ɓuuɓna e ina ɓuuɓta e nder ɓuuɓri glaciated anvil ice crystals at -40 to -60 degrees Celsius (-40 to -76 degrees Fahrenheit) dow ŋoral cumu ɓalewal, yiite ladde ina waɗa ɓuuɓol mum gonngol e hoore mum, ina wiyee pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCb, walla ɓurɗo ɓuuɓde). So tawii yiite ladde wayliima wonti PyroCb, mbaydiiji yiite no woorunoo ina ŋakkiraa, kadi batte tati bonɗe ina ngara e nder hojomaaji seeɗa : (1) Plume-Collapse Downburst e 360-Degree Ember Blizzard, ɗo koloñaal toowngal cumu, ice, e ballal toɓooli dow toɓooli ina mbaawi wonde dow leydi, ina ɓuuɓna 100-to-160-km/h (60-to-100-mph) henndu yaltundu radiyee doole hurricane heewndu miliyoŋaaji miliyoŋaaji ƴiye jalbooje (ember blizzard) e kala bannge, haa arti noon e caggal e henndu ɓurndu heewde ; . e (3) Worteeji Yiite Tornadiiji ("Tornadooji Yiite"), ɗo taƴre henndu tiiɗnde e ɓuuɓol siklonik ɓuuɓngol ngol PyroCb ɓuuɓnata ngol ina njirloo dow **EF2 haa EF3 ɓuuɓol ngol ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol, e 230-km/h (143-mph) 230-km/h (143-mph). Redding, Kaliforni, ɓuuɓol yiite Loyalton 2020, e ɓuuɓol Kanberra e 2019-2020 to Ostarali). So a yiyii koloñaal cumu ladde ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder ruulde anvil daneejo, ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde, dow cumu ɓaleejo, ƴettu ɗoon e ɗoon hade ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuuɓde, noddu nokku maa limooje caɗtuɗe (911 to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 000 to Ostarali, 112 e nder Orop fof, 999 e nder leydi Angalteer) so tawii ina nanngaa. Ngam heɓugo ardungal timmungal dow yiite ladde e henndu mawndu, laaru ardungal banndiraaɓe amin dow ɓuuɓol yiite, ɓuuɓol yiite, e ɓuuɓol pirokumulonimbus ina ɓuuɓtoo, yiite ladde, njiyaagu ember yiite ladde, ɓuuɓgol ɓulli attic, ɓulli, e ɓulli leɗɗe, tiiɗtinde galle, e doggol ƴeewndo prep cakkitiingo 15 minit, bust joorɗo-lewlewndu, ɓuuɓri ladde virgin, e triangulation cumu-kolom backcountry, e ina wuli.

Famde no janngirtee koloñaal cumu PyroCb gila e kilooji 20, no daɗndirtaa e ɓuuɓol 360 degere, e no wuurdirtaa e nder oto walla e nder wertallo so ɓuuɓol ember horizontal walla ɓuuɓol yiite taƴii laawol maa evacuation, motorist wildent andland, ina waɗi nafoore wonande pompier en e nder diiwanuuji ɓurɗi heewde yiite e nder winndere ndee.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

1. Eɓɓu nokku oo ƊOONI e sahaa mo njiy-ɗaa cumu ladde niɓɓo ina ɓuuɓtoo dow ɓuuɓol danewol, ɓuuɓngol (pyrocumulus) walla flatten out to dow e nder anvil fibrous (pyrocumulonimbus). Woto WOTO heddo caggal ngam hosde dow suudu maa walla pack ko wonaa huunde himmunde so PyroCb feeñii dow hoore. Kolonel PyroCb ina waawi ɓuuɓde tawa jeertinaani e nder 15 haa 45 minit nde yettiima tooweeki ɓurtuki, wayla bannge henndu e 180 degere e yaawnaade yiite saaktude gila 3 km/h haa 25+ km/h (15+ mph) rewrude e hojom ɓuuɓɗo .
2. Eɗen ɗaminii yiite ngee ina fuɗa ƁOOYƊO e BANNGAL (360 degere) so koloñaal PyroCb yanii. Hoto meeɗ sikkude aɗa wondi e kisal tan sabu aɗa woni "dow henndu" walla "e dow bannge" yiite ladde les ruulde PyroCb toownde. So tawii ɓuuɓol PyroCb ngol toɓo- e cumu ɓuuɓngol ngol yanii e mikro-burst / dow-dowre, henndu jippotoondu nduu ina ɓuuɓtoo e leydi, ina ɓuuɓtoo e yaasi e nder 360 degere cirƴam e 100 haa 160 km/h (60 haa 100 km/h (60 haa 100 mph), dri (1,2 haa 5 kiloomeeteer) dow henndu e banngeeji e nder hojomaaji.
3. Yeeɓde yiiteeji kesi gonɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi 5 haa 30 kiloomeeteer (3 haa 18 miil) yeeso yiiteeji ladde mawɗi ɗii e laawol mawngol ngol njiyloto-ɗaa ngol. PyroCb storm clouds loft burning bark slabs (firebrands) toownde e nder weeyo jet e jibinde polarity-polarity joorɗo ɓuuɓol woɗɗi yeeso laana yiite mawka. So aɗa yalta, waɗ fitirlaaji oto maa e lampaaji toowɗi, ƴeewto banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof e laawol mawngol ngol ngam yiytude cumu daneewu keso ngu lewru walla ɓuuɓol juutngol huɓɓi, woto meeɗ yahde e cumu ɓaleejo/oraas ɓuuɓngu e nder laawol ngol.
4. So tawii Vortex Yiite Tornadic ("Tornaado Yiite") walla koloñaal yirlotooɗo ɓaleejo-oraas ɓuuɓɗo ina feeñi sara nokku mo ngon-ɗaa oo, yahdu e 90 degere gonɗo e dow laawol mum, ƴettaa ɓuuɓri gonndi e tolno tornaado so tawii ko e yaasi nokku ɓuuɓɗo oo. A true a fi- raspro tornased o- pawn 10-meeter garde-feere duƴƴe/yiite) ina waawi wonde 300 haa 500 meeteer (1 000 haa 1 650 meeteer) njaajeendi e henndu EF2 haa EF3 (180 to 265 km/h / 110 to 165 mph) ko ɓuuɓnata leɗɗe, ɓuuɓna masiŋaaji yiite, ɓuuɓna cuuɗi. Kono, woto meeɗ hoɗde e nder suudu nder suudu ndu alaa fenetre, galle ɓuuɓɗo walla mo ɓuuɓnaaka so tawii yeeso yiite ladde oo e hoore mum ina huɓɓa mbaydi ndii: aɗa foti jooɗaade e nder suudu nduu e nder comci daneeji/koton tawa ina waɗi ɓuuɓri yiite e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ngam waawde yaltude e dow already gstorant the wind the black yawta.
5. So tawii oto maa ina rewi e PyroCb ember blizzard walla flame yeeso e laawol ngol alaa laawol dogdu, park e dow diƴƴe ɓurɗe ɓuuɓde, kaaƴe, walla asfalt laaɓtuɗo no woɗɗiri leɗɗe/burus teeŋtuɗe no waawirtee, accu moteri oo ina ŋoŋɗi, wirno AC ngam RECIRCULATE below the window 100-km/h dow ɓuuɓol yeeso e koyɗe. Park caggal barrier jersey beton walla banke taƴaaɗo woɗɗitaade leɗɗe, ɓuuɓna fitirlaaji haɓaade e fitirlaaji yeeso, udda denndaangal windooji e ɓuuɓɗi no feewi, ɓuuɓna 100% ɓuuɓri wootere (meeɗaa sintetik ɓuuɓri walla naylon) dow kala mo woni e dow alluuje les toit block heat windooji gilaas and Hojomaaji 3 haa 10 ngam yeeso lewru mawndu nduu rewa hade mum yaltude e nokku ɓaleejo ɓuuɓɗo oo so tawii oto oo ina ɓuuɓtoo walla yaajde ina nanngi yiite.
6. So a nanngaama e koyɗe e nder leydi caggal leydi e nder ɓuuɓol PyroCb walla ɓuuɓol joorngol, dogdu e leydi "Black" ɓuuɓndi, e nder ladde kaaƴe jaajnde, walla e maayo/maayo luggiɗngo ; WOTO MEƊƊU dogde dow yeeso yiite walla e nder ŋoral ɓuuɓngal ("chimney"). Noddu 911 / 000 / 112 / 999 walla udditde lampa SOS satelit maa (Garmin inReach / Apple SOS) ɗoon e ɗoon e coordinateeji maa GPS, e foofde ɓadiiɗo leydi rewrude e bandana 100% cotton joorɗo walla ɓuuɓɗo seeɗa ngam reende laawol maa e gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi (> 150 C / 300 F).

Fisik weeyo e weeyo-yiite: No yiite ladde mahirta ɓuuɓol mum (PyroCb)¶

Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko faati e weeyo (OMS) ina renndini duule ɗe yiite ummotoo ko e cumulus flammagenitus (pyrocumulus / PyroCu) e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi (pyrocumulonimbus / PyroCb). Ngam faamde no yiite ladde waylirta wonta ɓuuɓol stratosfeer baawngol feewnude ɓuuɓol EF3 e ɓuuɓol yoorngol to 30 kiloomeeteer, ƴeewto-ɗen mooftirgel termodinamik gonngel e tolnooji nay :

1. Daawe 1: Ɓooygol nguleeki ɓurtuki e dow leydi & Ɓooygol ɓurngol heewde (The Inverted Funnel)¶

So yiite ladde wayliima gila e yiite dowri feewde e yiite korona timmuɗo e nder petroŋ teeŋtuɗo (especially when atmospheric conditions match a High Haines Index of 5 or 6), gaasuuji ngulɗi ( ).800 C to 1,100 C e nder nokku ɓuuɓɗo) yaajde e rokkeede dow e 30 haa 50 meeteer e leƴƴannde (110 to 180 km/h). Ngam lomtaade oon henndu fof ina fija e asamaan, henndu indraft doolnundu ina ruttoo e nder leydi gila e banngeeji kala to bannge leydi feewde e ŋoral ŋoral yiite, ina ñammina oksijen e ŋoral.

2. Daawe 2 : Turbocharging nguleeki suuɗki (Pyrocumulus -> Pyrocumulonimbus)¶

No henndu ngulndu nduu, keewndu cumu nduu ummortoo 4 000 haa 6 000 meeter dow leydi nii, ndu ɓuuɓtoo ko adiabatik haa nde ɓuuɓol ndiyam maggol ngol ɓuuɓtoo e dow ɓuuɓol cumu ngol, ngol wonta ɓuuɓol duule ndiyam (pyrocumulus). Ndeen ɓuuɓol ina yaltina nguleeki suuɗki ɓuuɓki (2,500 kilojoules per kilogram), ɓuuɓnude parsel henndu ummotoondu nduu haa ɗum yaawa dow rewrude e tolno ɓuuɓol (0 C) e tolno nukkuur homogenee ( ).-38 C), waylude wonta ɓuuɓol pirokumulonimbus (PyroCb) anvil to 10 000 haa 16 000 meeteer (33 000 haa 53 000 meeteer).

3. Daawe 3 : Mikrofizik tooke soot, lewru joorndu, e ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓol (Downburst)¶

Updraft PyroCb ina suuɗii e 100 000+ ɓuuɓol aerosol cumu e nder santimeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ina fecca ɓuuɓol ruulde hakkunde miliyaaruuji tokoosi mikroo-toɓɓe tokoose ɗe mbaawata fadde no toɓo ɓuuɓngo nii hade mum en ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓde e nder ɓuuɓol toowngol e nder anvil. So ɓuuɓri ice e graupel njaltii e base PyroCb toownde (3,000 to 5,000 meters above ground) e nder laylaytol henndu yoorndu, ɓuuɓndu no feewi les (relative humidity < 10% to 15%), ɗe ɓuuɓtoo, ɗe ɓuuɓtoo e nder weeyo (virga). Geec ɓuuɓɗo ina wujja nguleeki e henndu taariindi, ina waɗa poos ɓuuɓɗo henndu toowndu to dow too, ina ɓuuɓtoo feewde e leydi (downdraft velocity 60 to 100 km/h) e ɓuuɓde yaasi e nder leydi ndii no 100 haa 160 km/h (60 haa 100 km/h) ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ɓuuɓngol radiyee.

4. Daawe 4 : Fuɗɗoode Ɓoornugol Yiite Yoorngo Pirojenik & Yiite Tornadik¶

• Positif-Polarity Yiite Yoornde: E nder anvil glaciated (-20 C to -50 C), dogdu hakkunde ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol cumu e ɓuuɓol softungol (graupel) mahde njamndi elektorostatik, heewi wonde ko mbaydi njamndi moƴƴiri mbayliigu. Ampereeji toowɗi poositif duule-to-leydi (+CG) lewru ina ummoo e anvil toowɗo oo, ina fiyra petroŋ ladde yoornde kiloomeeteeruuji 5 haa 30 yeeso yiite tawa toɓo ina yahdi e mum, ina huɓɓa jeynge ladde kese e sahaa gooto.
• Wortices de feu Tornadiques (Tornados de feu): Ina wayi no ɓurɗi yiite tokoosi, juutɗi (1 to 15 meters wide, lasting 1 to 5 minutes), tornaado yiite PyroCb ina waɗa so ɓoggi henndu gonɗi dow ɗii njuɓɓinaama dow, ɗi njuɓɓinaama dow e dow 150 km/h PyroCb dow (reende ɓuuɓol gonngol e dow ŋorol), ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder 300 meeteruuji njaajeendi ɓuuɓol gonngol e ŋorol gonngol e ŋorol ŋorol gonngol e minitaaji EF2/EF03.

Tablo nannditiiɗo : Yiite ladde gonɗo e henndu gonnduɗo e PyroCb Plume-Collapse Downburst vs¶

Porotokolle nguurndam : Ƴellitaare, Naatgol otooji, Reentaade mbaydiiji, e Ƴettugol Backcountry¶

Sifaa A: Janngude Asamaan e waɗde Evacuation ko yaawi¶

So yiite ladde ina huɓɓa e nder kilooji 10 haa 40 (6 haa 25 miil) e galle maa, e nokku ɗo njippiɗaa, walla e nokku ɗo gollorto-ɗaa ɗoo : 1. Waɗde ƴeewndo asamaan 15 minit: - Safe / Predictable Plume: Cumu ina heddii tan, ɓaleejo, walla ɓaleejo, ina ɓuuɓtoo e dow ŋoral e henndu dow, tee alaa ƴellitaare duule gonɗe e dow mum ɗe daneeje jalbooje. - Jeertinaango tiiɗngo (Pyrocumulus): Kolonel cumu nguu ina darii fotde no ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓol nii, ina wayloo no ɓaleejo-kuuraa walla njamndi mboɗeeri to les, ina ƴellita ɓuuɓri, kaɓirgal ɓuuɓngal danewal-boɗewal to dow. Pack ɓesngu maa e jawdi maa e nder oto, njaltu JOONI. - Musiiba garoowo (Pyrocumulonimbus / PyroCb): Toownde daneere jalboore ndee ina glaciate e nder anvil thunderstorm ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde ina yalta dow, aɗa nana ɓuuɓol woɗɗungol jokkondirngol ummoraade e ŋorol cumu, walla ŋorol virga niɓɓol ngol fuɗɗoo jippaade e ŋorol ruulde ndee. Nguurndam ɓuuɓɗam 360 degere e dow ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ina waawi fiyde e nder hojomaaji seeɗa. 2. Suɓo laawol maa eɓɓoore e nder Plume: - Hoto meeɗ ƴettude laawol tufnde ladde ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol, ngol rewata ko les ŋoral niɓɓiɗngal ruulde PyroCb walla rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal (chimney). - Doggo feewde e falndeeji yaajɗi, gese ndema, laabi mawɗi daande maayo, nokkuuji asfalt nder gure, walla tergal ɓalewal ɓuuɓngal gila jooni caggal taƴre yiite so tawii laawol mawngol yeeso ngol taƴaama e yiiteeji ɓuuɓɗi joorɗi.

Sifaa B: Wuurde e nder oto nanngaaɗo e ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol walla yeeso ɓuuɓol¶

Teemedde maayɗeele e yiite ladde ina mbaɗa so tawii yimɓe ummoriiɓe caggal leydi ina njalta e laabi ɓuuɓɗi, tawi noon henndu PyroCb ina ɓuuɓtoo ɗoon e ɗoon. So tawii koɗorɗe ɓuuɓɗe ɓuuɓɗe, cumu ɓaleejo, e ɓuuɓol taƴii laawol yeeso e caggal : 1. WOTO Accu Moto Maa Ngam Dogaade Koyɗe E nder Nebam ɗam Huɓɓaaka: - Neɗɗo dogoowo e njaaweeki 10 haa 15 km/h e nder cumu e henndu ɓuuɓndu (200 C to 400 C) maa heɓ ɓuuɓri nguleeki ɓalndu bonndi e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu jalboowo e nder leƴƴanɗe 30 haa 60. - Oto udditirɗo ɓalli njamndi ina rokka kaɓirgal nguleeki ɓuuɓngal e poos henndu foofaandu baawɗo wuurnude ma e nder ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol 2 haa 5 minit so a dariima e nokku potɗo. 2. Protokol njuɓɓudi otooji laaɓtuɗi (Limre leƴƴanɗe): - Ƴeewee ɗoon e ɗoon nokku mo alaa petroŋ ɓurɗo yaajde : turtol diƴƴe ɓuuɓɗe, ɓalewol laawol kaaƴe, taƴre kaaƴe, jokkorgal asfalt yaajngal, walla nokku mo ɓaleejo wuli tawo. - Woto meeɗ parkude les leɗɗe ɓutte, sara dense brush/chaparral, walla dow huɗo toowngo yoorngo (ko ɗum huɓɓata les chassis maa e tank petrol). - So tawii ko doole dartaade e laawol ɓuuɓngol, park e dow haayre/dirt cut-bank (meeɗaani e dow ŋoral yaajngal dow ŋoral canyon ɓuuɓngal ɗo ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ummotoongol fuɗata dow tulde). - Toɗɗo nofru oto oo feewde e dogdu, accu moteri oo ina doga (idling) so wonaa tawa ɓuuɓol teeŋtungol ina ɓuuɓna jolngo ngoo, ɓuuɓna fitirlaaji e lampaaji 4-way hazard ON (hono noon moteriiji yiite e sofereeɓe woɗɓe ɓee ndartaaki e cumu ɓaleejo mo yiyataa (CIUrset toLAC), e Yaasi Vent). 3. Nder Kabin Wakkati Pass yeeso Flame: - Roll windooji ɗii fof timmuɗo UP (even a 2-centimeter crack allows 100-km/h ember winds to fill the car with burning sparks). - Jippin gooto fof e jooɗorɗe mum, leeltu e dow alluuje les toɓɓere windooji gilaasi. Nguleeki infrared radiant ina rewi e gilaas laaɓɗo tempered e njaaweeki annoore ; heddoraade les ɓuuɓri damal njamndi ina haɗa 90 e nder teemedere ɓuuɓri radiant. - Pullo 100% ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri cotton teddundi, walla ɓuuɓri ɓaleeri haa timma e dow hoore maa, e daande maa, e juuɗe maa, njaraa ndiyam ngam ɓuuɓnude hunduko maa. - WOTO hul so banngeeji ɗii ɓuuɓtii, taƴre plastik yaajnde ndee ɓuuɓtii, walla cumu nguu ɓuuɓtii: Ɓoornugol ɓurngol mawnude yeeso yiite ɓuuɓol/taƴre ladde yaawnde yahde ina rewi e nokku gonɗo e 90 leƴƴanɗe haa 4 minit. So tawii mahol mawngol ngol ina yahra yeeso, nguleeki yaasi ina ustoo, ƴeewto so tawii piye oto oo walla nder mum ina huɓɓa ; so tawii oto oo ina nannga yiite, ɓuuɓna hoore maa e ɓuuɓri wootere, njaltaa ɗoon e ɗoon e dow pavement ɓaleejo ɓuuɓɗo oo.

Sifaa C: Hoɗorde Emergency-e-Nokku Nder Galle Nde Evacuation Taƴaa¶

So tawii ɓuuɓol PyroCb walla ɓuuɓol yiite yanii e hoɗorde maa hade maa yaltude: 1. Addu kala neɗɗo nder suudu, ɓoorno-ɗee Cotton/Wool/Leather, e Prep Water: Uddit denndaangal windooji, dame, dame garaas, e ɓulli attic. Mumtu valve tank propane e meeteeruuji gaas nature to yaasi so leƴƴanɗe 60 ina njaɓa, ittu ridooji sintetik ɓuuɓɗi e windooji, huɓɓu fitirlaaji galle ɗii fof mbele galle oo ina yiyee e cumu ɓaleejo, accu dame yaasi ɗee udditaaki. 2. Wuurndam nder suudu kuuɓtodinndu vs. batte ɓuuɓol yiite: So tawii ko ɓuuɓol yiite (180-265 km/h winds) ina wulla e dow mbedda maa, rutto e nder galle ndernderiijo e dow ŋoral mawngal woɗɗitaade windooji ɗii fotde 60 haa 120 leƴƴannde ina ɗaɓɓi core vortex ngam rewde tawa ina jogii lampa, lampa ɓuuɓka, e lampa wootere. E oon sahaa nde henndu mawndu nduu ustii, WOTO heddo e nder suudu ndu alaa fendooji walla e nder suudu les: njahdu e galle oo ƴeewto-ɗaa windooji, ŋoral, e ŋoral dow ngam yiite ember. So galle oo yanii e yiite tawa alaa ɗo haaɗi, yahdu e suudu ndu damal yaajngal toowngal ina yahra e laawol udditiingol, huɗo, walla leydi ɓaleeri ndi wuli jooni, ɗaɓɓu hojomaaji 3 haa 5 haa yeeso yiite yaajnde ndee rewa, njaltu e ɓuuɓri wool/cotton the blackground.

Sifaa D: Yahooɓe caggal leydi e dogdu ladde ("E nder ɓaleejo")¶

So tawii a nanngaama e koyɗe e nder ladde nde koloñaal PyroCb mahi walla lewru yoorndu ina huɓɓa yiite sara laawol maa, woto meeɗ etaade dogde e yiite dow walla dow canyon (fire races uphill 4 to 16 times faster than on flat ground). So tawii ko laana ɓuuɓka flanking (< 1 meter high) seerndi ma e yaajde ɓuuɓnde ɓaleere ɓuuɓnde ɗo petroŋ dowri majji, sudda ɓalndu maa e wutte/koton, jogoo foofaango maa e mbaydi, dogdu e nder Black. So tawii leydi ɓaleeri alaa ko waawi yettaade, ɗaɓɓu ladde talus/scree kaaƴe alpine yaajnde, maayo kaaƴe, maayo mawngo, walla laawol leydi ɓuuɓngol grading, ɓuuɓna denndaangal ƴiye pine e duff fotde meeteruuji 3 e saraaji, lelnu **yeso maa dow e koyɗe maa toɗɗii feewde e yiite woothe e blaket walla bre pocket ñaamo e leydi miniraal (35 C at dirt level versus 300 C at chest height).

Lekki kuulal Triage e Evacuation¶

flowchart TD
    A["PyroCb Ɓoornugol Yiite Yiytaa:: Kolonel cumu ɓaleejo toowɗo e anvil ice daneejo jalboowo, Ɓoornugol woɗɗungol, walla virga niɓɓo"] --> B{"Mbele aɗa waawi yaltude e laawol haa jooni e jam HADE plume oo ɓuuɓde?"}
    B -- "EEY: Laabi Uddii" --> C["ƳEEWTO ƊOO ƊOO (WOTO ɗaɓɓu yamiroore laawɗunde):: 1. Ɓorno 100% koton/wolde/leɗɗe (ALAA poliyester sintetik/fleece): 2. Dogdu e lampaaji & haajuuji ON, AC on Recirculate: 3. Yeewtu 10 haa 30 km fires-head keso a"]
    B -- "NO: Laawol taƴaaɗo e Ember Blizzard / Yiite yeeso" --> D{"Hol to ngonɗaa jooni?"}
    D -- "Nder Oto" --> E["POROTOKOOL GUURNDAM MOTOOJI:: 1. Darnude e dow asfalt/kaaƴe/diƴƴe walla leydi 'Black' ɓuuɓndi woɗɗitaade leɗɗe/burus: 2. Accu moteri oo ina ɓuuɓtoo, lampaaji/haɗeeji ɗii ina njuɓɓina, windooji ɗii ina njuuti, windooji ɗii ina njuuti Recirculate: 3. Lelnu e dow woo% windooji10l 2-5 min lewru ina njaha"]
    D -- "Nder Galle / Mahdi" --> F["Uddude denndaangal windooji/ɓulli, ɓuuɓnu ridooji ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓnu fitirlaaji: 2. So tawii Tornado yiite yanii, ɓuuɓnu e nder suudu ndernderiiru fotde 1-2 min haa vortex rewa: 3. WOTO MEƊƊU uddude windooji ɗi ngalaa windooji/suudu maaɗa: e so galle ina huɓɓa,: yaltu e dow LEYDI ƁURƊI ƁURDE ƁURDE ƁURDE ƁURDE ƁURDE WOƊƊUDE so tawii yeeso lewru yaajndu nduu rewii"]
    D -- "E Koye e nder Leydi Back" --> G["POROTOKOOL DOGGOL LEYDI:: 1. WOTO MEƊƊU dogde dow walla dow ɓuuɓri canyon ɓuuɓndi: 2. Dogde e leydi 'Black' ndi wuli jooni, e nder ŋoral kaaƴe jaajngal, walla e maayo/maayo: 3. Laawol cakkitiingol: ɓuuɓnude leydi minerale ndi alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa fivelre disort, lie FACE FACE"]
    C --> H{"Mbele won gonɗo e ɓuuɓri walla e fooftere cumu ɓurtunde?"}
    E --> H
    F --> H
    G --> H
    H -- "EEY: Caɗeele ina ngoodi" --> I["Noddu 911 / 000 / 112 / 999 walla uddit Satellite SOS ɗoon e ɗoon:: * Yiylo ɓuuɓri nguleeki laawol henndu (ɓuuɓri nofru njimri, daande ɓuuɓnde, stridor): * ɓuuɓri coofndi e ndiyam coofɗam ɓuuɓɗam fotde 20 min, ɓuuɓna ɗum e lefol/film joorɗo laaɓɗo"]

Ballal gadanal safaara : Ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e nder weeyo, Ɓuuɓri ɓalndu ɓuuɓndi, e Ɓuuɓri ɓalndu ɓuuɓndu¶

1. Anndude ɓuuɓri gonndi e laawol henndu toowngol ummoraade e fooftere gaas ɓurnde ɓuuɓde¶

E nder ɓuuɓol walla ɓuuɓol PyroCb, foofde henndu ɓuuɓndu (> 150 C / 300 F) jillondirɗo e gaasuuji pirolisis tooke ( ).carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, acrolein) ina addana ɓuuɓri jaawndi e nder ƴiiƴam (epiglotte, ɓuuɓri aryepiglotte, e ɓuuɓri daande): - Maandeeji jeertinaango tiiɗngo (15-to-60-Minute Airway Closure Window): - Gaasa nofru walla gite singed, sooynde sara hunduko walla nofru ; - Ɓuuɓri karbon (ɓaleeri, ɓuuɓndi) so ina ɓuuɓtoo ; - Daande ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde, walla "hot-potato", ɓuuɓri njamndi, walla toownde stridor inspirateur; - Ɓuuɓri leppi, ɗemngal, walla daande. - Golle ɗoon e ɗoon: Noddaango 911 / 000 / 112 / 999 ko Priorité-1 Emerjensi laawol weeyo. Waɗde ñawɗo oo ina jooɗii ina tiiɗi (High Fowler's / Tripod position) ngam ustude ɓuuɓri gonndi e daande, waɗde oksijen 100% mo ɓuuɓri toowndi so ina woodi (ɗum kadi ina yaawi lootde monoksiid karbonik fotde laabi 5), e nawde ɗum e yaawre to departemaa ɓurɗo ɓadaade walla to rendezvous helikopter ngam safrooɓe mbaawa waɗde **swebaarchetullingly **e ina siimta trachea ina uddita.

2. Kuutoragol nguleeki e toppitagol koltu sintetik ɓuuɓɗo¶

• Cool Burn, Warm Patient: Ƴeewee ɓuuɓri ɓalndu e ndiyam njareteeɗam coofɗam (15 C to 20 C / 59 F to 68 F) fotde hojomaaji 20 timmuɗi ngam dartinde yahrude yeeso nguleeki ɓalndu. Woto meeɗ huutoraade ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam walla ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam (ko ɗum addanta ɓalndu ɓuuɓde e ɓeydude nekrosis tissue, ɓeyda heen kadi saabaade hipotermi e nder ɓuuɓri mawndi).
• WOTO ƳEƳTU Ɓoornugol Ɓoornugol Sintetik Ɓoornugol: So tawii ɓoornugol poliyester, naylon, walla ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol e nder ɓalndu e nder ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓna ɗum no feewi e ndiyam, taƴaa e saraaji ɓoornanteeri ɓuuɓndi ndii, aɗa acca ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi jokkondirndi ndii e nokku mum ngam waɗde debridement surgical to centre debridement.
• Suufde e Cling Film / Clean Dry Sheet: Caggal nde cooynii, lelnu galle laaɓɗo ɓurɗo ɓuuɓde (ɓurɗo ñaamde) njuuteendi dow ɓuuɓri ndii (woto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude tergal no tourniquet nii, nde tawnoo tergal ɓuuɓngal ina ɓuuɓta no feewi) ngam haɗde ɓuuɓri e air ina wuli e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi e ɓuuɓri kemikal).

3. Ember Korneel & Alkaline Leɗɗe-Ash Flush¶

Cumu PyroCb ɓuuɓngu (wet wood ash has an alkaline pH of 10 to 12) e cinder ngulɗo ina addana ɓalndu ɓuuɓde no feewi e ɓuuɓde gite alkali. Laɓɓin gite ɗoon e ɗoon e ndiyam laaɓɗam steril walla ndiyam njareteeɗam laaɓɗam fotde hojomaaji 15 tawa aɗa ɓuuɓna gite ɗee, woto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude gite ɗee, kadi ɓuuɓna gite gonɗe e ɓuuɓri no feewi e kaɓirgal (ƴeew). gite huunde janane, abrasion korneel, e flash welde).

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Hol ko woni ruulde pirokumulonimbus (PyroCb), hol no nganndirtaa heen e leydi ?¶

Pirokumulonimbus (PyroCb), mo Fedde Adunaare Meteoroloji inniri ɗum e dow laabi, ko henndu ɓuuɓndu, ndu yiite ummotoo ko nde yiite ladde mawnde ummotoo nguleeki, cumu, e nguleeki fotde 10 haa 16 kiloomeeteer (33,30 to000). troposfeer e stratosfeer les. Gila e leydi, aɗa waawi anndude PyroCb ƴellitoowo so tawii colonel cumu ɓaleejo walla ɓaleejo ina ummoo dow no ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol nii, ina waɗa ɓuuɓol danewol ɓuuɓngol, ɓuuɓngol dow (pyrocumulus) ngol ndeen ɓuuɓnata, ngol saɗta e dow ngol, ngol findercystorus, ngol findercystorus, ngol waɗata findercystor, ngol findercystor, ngol waɗata a ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nder ŋoral cumu.

Hol ko waɗi ɓuuɓol PyroCb ina addana yiite ladde ɓuuɓde ɗoon e ɗoon e kala bannge e sahaa gooto ?¶

No ɓuuɓol toowngol PyroCb ngol nawrata miliyoŋaaji ton cumu, soot, e ɓuuɓol ndiyam toowngol e nder weeyo toowngo, ɓuuɓol ngol e ɓuuɓol ngol ina ɓeydoo teddude haa ɓuuɓol ngol waawa jogaade dow, walla ɓuuɓtoo e nder laral henndu yoorndu les. Coodguuli ɓuuɓɗi ina mbaɗa poos mawɗo, henndu ɓuuɓndu, ɓuuɓndu e nder weeyo ngo, ngo ɓuuɓnata ko dow leydi e 60 haa 100 km/h (mikroburst joorɗo walla dow). So ndeen koloñaal ɓuuɓɗo yanii e leydi, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko yaasi 360 degere e kala bannge e njaaweeki henndu (100 haa 160 km/h / 60 haa 100 mph), nde ɓuuɓtoo ɓuuɓol gonngol e dow henndu, ɓuuɓol gonngol e dow henndu, e henndu les.

Mbele "tornado yiite" e nder kewu PyroCb ko tornado goonga walla ko seyɗaane mawɗo duƴƴe tan?¶

So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e koloñaaluuji njirlotooɗi e dow yiite ladde ko cirƴam yiite nokkuyankeejam (1 haa 30 meeteer njaajeendi, duumotooɗo hojomaaji seeɗa, nannduɗi e seyɗaneeji duƴƴe), PyroCb ina waawi feewnude ɓuuɓol goongawol ngol mbaydi supercell. So tawii ɓuuɓol doolnungol henndu PyroCb ina yaaji e henndu ɓuuɓndu e nder ŋoral ruulde, ina waawi wirnude ɓuuɓol yiite mesosiklonik 300 haa 500 meeteer (1 000 haa 1 650 mph) njaajeendi e henndu ɓurndu 220/EF haa 2615 k35m (EF315 to 265 k5m2). tiiɗnaare), hono no winndiraa e radar Doppler e wiɗtooji henndu NWS e nder yiite Carr 2018 to Redding, Kaliforni (143 mph / 230 km/h) e yiite Loyalton 2020 to Kaliforni, ɗo Sarwiis weeyo ngenndiijo yaltini jeertinaango gadano e daartol ngam ɓuuɓol pirojenik.

Hol ko waɗi a fotaani meeɗde uddude hoore maa e nder suudu leslesru walla e nder lowre nde alaa windooji so aɗa reena e yiite ladde walla e ɓuuɓri PyroCb ?¶

E nder ɓuuɓol toɓooli ɓuuɓngol, suudu lesru walla suudu nder suudu ndu alaa feɗeendu ko nokku ɓurɗo kisal. E nder yiite ladde walla PyroCb dowburst ember blizzard, uddude hoore maa e nder suudu ɗo njiyataa yaasi ina wara : henndu 130 km/h ina heewi ɓuuɓnude windooji walla doole embers rewrude e ɓulli attic, ina huɓɓa suudu sara maa tawa ina ɓuuɓna cumu fiterior e monoxide karbon. So tawii ko e nder galle mo alaa no waawi yaltude e laawol, ndarto-ɗaa e nder galle mo alaa ɗo haaɗi, woɗɗitoo gilaas tan e nder dumunna juutɗo 1-to-2-minit peak henndu ɓuuɓndu e vortex, ndeen ƴeewto-ɗaa galle oo e dow tiiɗnaare ngam ƴeewde embers e jokkude sara dame ɗiɗi yeesooje yaajɗe mbele aɗa waawa yahde blacky outto the main gburd- outra ina rewi.

Fuɗɗoode e ardorde laawɗunde¶

• Goomu ngenndiwal toppitiingu yiite ladde (NWCG) & Sarwiis laddeeji Amerik (USFS, Amerik): Gude jaabawol poos (IRPG): Yiite ladde ɓurɗe heewde e ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓri koloñaal Pyrocumulonimbus, henndu dowri, e wuurde e ɓuuɓri cakkitiindi.
• Njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal ko faati e geec e weeyo (NOAA) & Sarwiis ngenndiijo ko faati e weeyo (NWS, Amerik): Dinamiik pirokumulonimbus (PyroCb), ɓuuɓol yiite tornadik (Wiɗtooji yiite Carr & yiite Loyalton), e Mekanik Mikroburst joorɗo toowɗo.
• Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde weeyo (OMS) & Laboratoori wiɗtooji konu Amerik (NRL): Atlas duule hakkunde leyɗeele: Cumulonimbus Flammagenitus (PyroCb), Injection cumu stratosfeer, e Kilimatoloji lewru pirojenik.
• Njuɓɓudi yiite leydi (CFA, Victoria) & NSW Rural Fire Service (Ostraali): Njiylawu nguurndam yiite ladde: Reende nguleeki ɓuuɓki, Protokolle jokkondire otooji, Reende ɓuuɓri wootere, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokku.
• Fedde Ameriknaare ngam Ɓoornugol (ABA) & Fedde Cafrirɗe Ladde (WMS): Ballal Nguurndam Ɓoornugol (ABLS): Ƴeewndogol Ɓoornugol Ɓoornugol nguleeki, Ƴeewndorɗe Ɓoornugol Ko adii, e Coofgol Ɓoornugol Hade Hospitaal.

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Yiite ina ɓuuɓtoo, ina ɓuuɓtoo, e ɓuuɓol pirokumulonimbus ina ɓuuɓtoo
• Jeyli ladde
• Njiylawu ember yiite ladde, ɓuuɓgol ɓulli attic, gutters, e fences leɗɗe, hardening galle, e doggol ƴeewndo prep cakkitiingo 15 minit
• Bust lewlewndu yoorndu, ɓuuɓol ladde ɓuuɓngol, e triangulation cumu-kolom caggal leydi
• Burns