Nightclub, Nokku Konser, e Ƴettugol Yiite Jamaanu nder Suudu¶

Nokkuuji wellitaare nder galleeji, ina heen dingiral jamma, cuuɗi jimɗi les, cuuɗi pijirlooji, nokkuuji jaɓɓungal dewgal, e dingiral teyaaɗe, ina kawra e denndaangal yimɓe toowɓe no feewi e annoore ɓuuɓnde, batte strobe disorienting, jimɗi amplified loud, alcohol impastiir. So tawii piroteknik dingiral, ɓulli ɓuuɓɗi nder suudu ("gerbs"), ɓulli lampaaji dingiral ɓuuɓɗi, walla boowe dimmer kuuraa ina njuɓɓina foamre akustik poliyuretan udditiinde, ridooji dingiral, walla dekor ceŋol palastik redential a-1-0 yiite. E nder ɗuum, ƴeewndorɗe ñaawoore ɗe Duɗal ngenndiwal toppitiingal karallaagal e karallaagal (NIST) e Fedde ngenndiije toppitiinde ko fayti e yiite (NFPA) mbaɗi, ina kollita wonde ɓuuɓri akustik poliyuretan ndi alaa ko waawi huɓɓude ina yaawi gila e ɓuuɓri tokosiri haa e suudu timmundu flashover walla timmuɗo banking-out the inmo to201 leƴƴanɗe.

Ko waylata yiite jamma 90 sekon, wonta musiiba keewɗo maayɓe, ko mbaydi jikkuuji aadee teskaandi, anndiraandi e nder ganndal ndeenka yiite, entrance-fixation et exit-door bottlenecking. E nder stres acute e zero visibility, 80 haa 90 e nder teemedere e patrons ina njillondiri e surge caggal feewde e damal gootal juutngal yeeso ngal ɓe njahdi nde ɓe njottii, ɓe njejjitaani haa laaɓi dame yaltugol emergency jalbooje tawaaɗe caggal dingiral, sara cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi, walla rewrude e cuuɗi ñaamde. E nder leƴƴanɗe 45, teemedde yimɓe ina njuuroyoo e nder weeyo ngo yeeso ngoo ɓuuɓngo ngoo e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki 3 000 Newton e nder meeteer kaaree, ina njuuroyoo damal ngal e nder wertallo neɗɗo coktirɗo hoore mum, tawi cumu ɓaleejo tedduɗo ina waɗi siyaniid hidrojen (\(**decarbon to)\) (\(HCNcarbon to)\)** e Anndude no yahrata e ɗiɗaɓol ngol tigi njiyataa lewlewndu ina memi mahol walla ceŋol (ko adii nde alarm yiite oo ina diwa), no hoore maa yahrata to bannge ɗiɗaɓo walla caggal galle, no foti yahrude e darnde boxer chest-garde so nanngaama e surge damal, e no foofirta les liyer lafe yourmal sake.

Waɗde ɗum jooni¶

So tawii ko e nder dingiral jamma, bar, nokku konsiir, walla suudu nder suudu keewndu yimɓe, njiy-ɗaa ƴiye, piroteknik, walla ƴiye ina memi ɓuuɓri akustik, ɓuuɓri ceiling, walla backdrops dingiral, waɗ ɗee golle jeegom ɗoon e ɗoon :

1. Yahru feewde e yaltirde e sekonnde timmunde nde njiyataa yiite ina memi mahol walla ceŋol (Kuulal Zero-Second): Woto meeɗ dartaade ngam filmude e telefoŋ maa, woto meeɗ sikkude ɓuuɓol dingiral ko "feccere e koolol ngol," kadi woto meeɗ ɗaminaade haa jimɗi ɗii ndartoo walla barmannde ndee wiy ma yo a yaltu. E nder yiite foam akustik, aɗa jogii ko famɗi fof 60 haa 90 leƴƴannde hade cumu tooke tiiɗngu, ɓaleejo, ɓuuɓde haa e leydi, mumta kala ko yiyata.
2. Accu koɗorɗe maa, kaalis maa, njaram maa, e sehilaaɓe maa seertuɓe, njahaa e yaltirde SECONDARIE emergency, WONAA damal yeesowal mawngal: Fotde kala e nder suudu nduu maa ƴakku feewde e lobby tikket naatgol yeeso mawngol, ngol jammi timmundi udditaa e ɓalli wedged e nder les 45 leƴƴanɗe. Wirlo ɗoon e ɗoon feewde e maandeeji EXIT ɓaleeji walla boɗeeji jalbooji ɗii e dow mahe banngeeji ɗii, sara dingiral ngal, saraaji cuuɗi cafrirɗi ɗii, walla njahaa e koridor kuuɓtodinɗo / sarwisaaji haa e damal laabi caggal ɗii.
3. Joggo juuɗe maa dow e "garde boxer" yeeso ribcage maa so tawii jamaanu nguu ina ɓuuɓtoo e sara maa: So aɗa ɓuuɓtoo e nder jamaanu coftal ɓalli ina yaha feewde damal, jogo koyɗe maa njaajeendi koyɗe maa, tuck elbows maa e nder, e jogaade juuɗe maa yeesosscro ne horizontally your a. Ɗuum ina addana ɓuuɓri gonndi e 10 haa 15 santimeeteer (4 haa 6 inch) yeeso ƴiye maa ngam ɓuuɓri maa ina waawa yaajde haa jooni so tawii jamaanu nguu ina paccira no feewi (ƴeew jamaanu ɓuuɓde e wuurde stampede).
4. Toppito les laylaytol cumu ɓalewol ngol e dow juuɗe maa e koppi maa so cumu nguu ina ɓuuɓtoo hade maa yettaade damal : Cumu ɓuuɓngu poliyuretan ina ɓuuɓna no feewi (300 haa 600 degere Celsius / 570 haa 1 100 degere Fahrenheit; gaas cyanid keewɗo hidrojen . foofde foofaango luggiɗngo ɗiɗi walla tati cumu ɓaleejo toowngu ina addana neɗɗo waasde faamde ɗoon e ɗoon. Jippaade e ŋoral les walla e ŋoral yaawngal e nder 30 haa 60 santimeeteer (1 haa 2 feet) e dow leydi ɗo henndu cooyndu, laaɓndu heddotoo, tawa junngo wooto ina memi mahol ngol ngam ardude e maa haa to ŋoral damal gadanal ngal.
5. Puɗɗo jolngo gonngo dow dame yaltirgol emergency, so tawii ko jammi walla cokaaɗo, ɓuuɓna windo les ɗoon e ɗoon: Dame yaltirgol mooɓondiral jokkondirɗe e kode ina udditee yaasi so a toɓɓii barme hardware panic gonɗo dow oo. So tawii paddorɗe ɗe ngonaa sariya ina uddita damal caggal walla pileup neɗɗo ina ɓuuɓna damal mawngal ngal, woto ɓuuɓtu e ɓalli yimɓe nanngaaɓe ; pivot ɗoon e ɗoon e windo les, ɓuuɓna gilaas oo haa yaasi saraaji ŋoral huutoraade taƴre bar njamndi teddundi, siliñ CO2 ɓuuɓnoowo yiite, walla posto stanchion njamndi, ɓuuɓna sill les oo laaɓtuɗo e ƴiye jagged e jacket, e ƴeeŋde yalta.
6. So a yaltii, woɗɗito ko famɗi fof 30 meeter (100 feet) e damal yaltirgal ngal, nodda sarwisaaji cafrirɗi: Woto meeɗ dartaade haa yaasi damal yaltirgal ngal ngam ndaarde sehilaaɓe; dartaade e sara laawol ina haɗa yimɓe ruttaade caggal maa, ina ruttina ɓuuɓri ndii e nder damal ɓuuɓngal ngal. Yahdu laaɓndu haa laawol, noddu nokku maa limooje caɗtuɗe (911 e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 e nder Dental Orop, 999 e nder Dental Dowlaaji Amerik), e jeertinde safrooɓe ɗoon e ɗoon kala mo ummiima e mum, mo soomi mum woni e saraaji mum, walla mo ɓuuɓnaaki (maale tooke siyaniid e monoksiid karbon).

Lekki pellital taktik ngam dingiral jamma e nokku nder suudu ittude yiite¶

Huutoro ndee lekki kuule gollorde ngam naatde e leƴƴanɗe 90 gadane tiiɗɗe e yiite jamaanu nder suudu tawa aɗa jokki e ŋoral naatirde mawnde.

flowchart TD
    Start["Sparks, Piroteknik, walla Flame Memi Nokku Wall, Ceiling, walla Dingiral"] --> ZeroSec["1. KUULAL ZERO-SECOND: Yaltu ɗoon e ɗoon; WOTO Film, WOTO Yah to Coat Check"]
    ZeroSec --> ChooseExit{"2. Hol yaltirde ɓurnde ɓadaade, ɓurnde famɗude yimɓe?"}
    ChooseExit -->|"Naatgol yeeso mawngol ko Crowding"| BypassMain["BYPASS DAMMAL YESO: Hoore ɗoon e ɗoon to Side Emergency Exit, Stage caggal Damal, walla Kitchen Service"]
    ChooseExit -->|"Jaltugol ɗiɗaɓol ngol ko e nder 15 Meter"| PushPanic["Push bar crash panic horizontal ngam udditaade yaasi; jokku yahde 30m (100 ft) laaɓtuɗo e mahdi"]
    BypassMain --> SmokeCheck{"3. Mbele cumu ɓaleejo ina banki les haa toɓɓere hoore?"}
    SmokeCheck -->|"Eey: Zero Yiyngo / Cumu ngulngu"| CrawlWall["Doggol haa les ɓuuɓol/ɓuuɓol 30 haa 60 cm (1 haa 2 ft) e dow leydi ; suddude nofru/hunduko e limce ɓuuɓɗe/joorɗe; rewa mahol e junngo wooto haa damal ɓalewal"]
    SmokeCheck -->|"Alaa: Henndu laaɓndu"| CrowdCheck{"4. Mbele densité jamaanu ina ɓuuɓna e sara maa?"}
    CrowdCheck -->|"Eey: Ɓooygol jamaanu toowngol"| BoxerGuard["Ƴettu juuɗe yeeso e nder Garde Kees Boxer; yahde e diagonal feewde e daande mahol; meeɗaa ruttaade ngam telefoŋ/paɗe jippinaaɗe"]
    CrowdCheck -->|"Kay"| PushPanic
    CrawlWall --> DoorBlocked{"5. Mbele damal ngal ina jammi e pileup walla ina udditii?"}
    BoxerGuard --> DoorBlocked
    DoorBlocked -->|"Eey: Damal Jam"| BreakWindow["WOTO pus e nder pileup; nanngude njamndi teddundi bar stool walla silindir mumtuɗo yiite ngam ɓuuɓnude leydi-floor windo kaɓirgal e yaltude"]
    DoorBlocked -->|"Alaa: Damal laaɓngal"| PushPanic

Matriks nannditinoowo: waktuuji yiite jamma NIST (0 haa 180 leƴƴannde)¶

Caggal jeyli bonɗi bonɗi e nder dingiral jamma, Duɗal ngenndiwal toppitiingal karallaagal e karallaagal to Amerik (NIST) mahii pijirlooji laboratuwaaruuji timmuɗi, ko wayi no ƴulɓe piroteknik dingiral e dow ɓuuɓri akustik poliyuretan e nder nokku mo ɓuuɓnaaka. Yerondirde e nokkuuji ɓalli nder suudu nduu e kala 30 leƴƴannde :

Diwgol luggiɗngol 1: Foolde "normalcy bias" e jolngo damal yeeso¶

Injiniyankooɓe kisal yiite e annduɓe hakkillaaji jikkuuji janngooɓe musibbaaji jamaanu nder galleeji, njiytii reflekseeji ɗiɗi ganndal ɗi njiylotoo ko mawɓe ɓe ngalaa gaañiiɓe e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder leƴƴanɗe capanɗe jeegom gadane ɗe dogdu ina ŋakki haa jooni.

1. Bias normal e seedeeji renndo (Leƴƴanɗe 0 haa 25)¶

So lampa oraas tokoosa feeñii e rido dingiral, e dow jolngo ceŋorɗe puɗi, walla e dow ŋoral akustik e nder hiirde walla e nder fedde, aadee en ina ƴeewa yeeso yimɓe dariiɓe sara mum en (seede renndo) ina etoo firtude kewu nguu no woorunoo (normalcy bias). Sabu hay gooto yiɗaa ƴeewde foolde walla ɓurde ƴattaade ngam boltude damal ngal tawa DJ ina fija, patrons ina ndaroo ina ɓuuɓtoo fotde leƴƴanɗe 20 haa 35, walla ina njaltina telefoŋaaji mum en ngam filmude yiite mawnde. - Kuulal njamndi mboɗeeri nder suudu: lewru udditiindu ndu anniyaaka, memi koɗorɗe tiiɗɗe, panneel foam akustik, drape tissu, walla dekoraasiyoŋ ceiling plastic nder nokku nder suudu, ko never ko huunde mettunde. So lewru jokkondirii e huunde sintetik tiimnde walla dow, waktu pirolisis fuɗɗiima. Wirlo, njaltu e Second Zero, ndarto-ɗaa sehilaaɓe maa ɗoon e ɗoon e junngo. So tawii yimɓe ɗiɗo walla tato pellitooɓe ina njaha e anniya feewde e yaltirde emergency, ujunnaaje ujunnaaje patrons ɓadtiiɗi ina njalta e normalité mum en freeze ina njokka.

2. Naatgol-fiɓnde ("Instinct Homing") e no ɗum loppirtee¶

E nder niɓɓere e cumu, ngaandi neɗɗo ina fadi rewrude e laawol gonngol e nder weeyo ngol, ngol rewnaa e ciimtol juutngol : naatirde tikket yeeso, jolɗe gonɗe e jolɗe, e foyer ƴeewndo coat.

   [TYPICAL NIGHTCLUB / VENUE FLOOR PLAN & BOTTLENECK]

   +-------------------------------------------------------+
   | [Exit B: Stage Side]     [STAGE]     [Exit C: Kitchen]|
   |   (WIDE OPEN)          (Fire Here)     (WIDE OPEN)    |
   |      ^                                      ^         |
   |      |  <-- Smart Evacuees                  |         |
   |                                                       |
   |                 [MAIN DANCE FLOOR]                    |
   |                  80% of Crowd Surges                  |
   |                  Down Narrow Foyer                    |
   |                      |   |   |                        |
   |                      v   v   v                        |
   |              +-----------------------+                |
   |              | [Coat Check / Foyer]  |                |
   |              |  JAMMED BOTTLENECK    |                |
   |              +-------+-------+-------+                |
   +----------------------| Main  |------------------------+
                          | Entry |

• Ko waɗi naatirde yeeso ndee ko jolngo maayde: Ina wayi no dame yaltugol e nder caɗeele (ɗe udditaa ko yaawi e dow mbedda walla e dow ŋoral tawa ko e pusgol gootol e barme crash), naatirde mawnde nokku jamma walla nokku konsiir ina waɗi anniya ngam ticket takt check point, pat-downs kisal, vestibuleeji coktirɗi sonndu e mbaadi L, e limtooji ƴeewndo coktirɗe. Heewi, dame yeeso ɓooyɗe ina njuutee nder walla ina njogii lefol gootol ina udditee.
• Scan nokku 30-Second Upon Arrival: Kala nde naatataa e bar, e nder suudu les, e nder suudu pijirlooji, walla e nder suudu pijirlooji, ƴettu leƴƴanɗe 15 hade maa yamirde njaram tawa aɗa heɓa jaltugol ɗiɗi goɗɗi:
• Ƴeewto maandeeji YALTUDE jalbooji ɗii e saraaji banngeeji ɗii walla e saraaji suudu nduu, njahaa haa ɓadii ngam hoolkisaade so tawii ɗi ndarnaaka e koɗorɗe ndarnaaɗe, e kaɓirɗe biir, walla e haalooɓe.
• Yiytu dame cuuɗi njulaagu walla koɗorde gollorde caggal-bar. Kala restoraan, suudu ñalɗi, e suudu ina jogii damal gollorde teeŋtungal to caggal suudu ñamri walla nokku ɗo jolngo huutortee ngam ittude mbuuɗu e yettinde nguura ; e nder caɗeele, diwde e dow bar walla yahde e dame suudu nduu ina yaltina ma e yaltirde caggal yaajnde, nde heewaani yimɓe, seerndi suudu mawndu nduu e mahe.

Deep dive 2: No wuurdirta e jamaanu damal ɓuuɓɗo e ɓuuɓnude yaltirde¶

So tawii a dogaani e nder leƴƴanɗe 30 gadane ɗee, tawa aɗa nanngaa e jamaanu nguu ina hulɓinii, ina ɓuuɓtoo feewde e damal yaltirgal, nde cumu nguu ɓuuɓnata dow, nguurndam maa fawii ko e reentaade asphyxie compressive e pileups threshold.

1. Wuurde e jamaanu toowngu e laawol damal¶

1. Adopt the Boxer's Chest-Guard Stance ɗoon e ɗoon: Ɓoorno-ɗaa wutte maa les, ƴettu juuɗe maa dow yeeso ɓalndu maa no prizefighter reentortoo wuttulo mum en nii. Hay so jamaanu nguu ummiima caggal e 3 000 Newton, juuɗe maa ɓuuɓɗe ɗee ina mbaɗa ko wayi no ɓuuɓol tiiɗngol, ngol reennata ko santimeeteeruuji 10 (4 inch) suudu fooftere yeeso ɓalndu maa.
2. Woto meeɗ ruttaade ngam ƴettude telefoŋ, kaalis, gite, walla paɗe jippinaaɗe: E nder jamaanu evacuation dilloowo, ruttaade e koyɗe maa walla jippaade e koppi maa ngam ƴettude telefoŋ ina ɗaminaa wonde jamaanu wumɓe ɓuuɓngu gila caggal maa trip e dow ɓaleeri maa e nder leƴƴanɗe ɗiɗi thehuman the-up ko ɓanndu mum waawaa daraade.
3. Reento "Doorframe Arch Trap" e yiɗde cakkital walla ruttaade e windo:
4. So 100 neɗɗo kulɓiniiɗo etotoo ɓuuɓde e damal ɗiɗmal ngal njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,8 meeter (6 foot) e sahaa gooto, juuɗe mum en ina njuutee e arc structurel self-locking to bannge damal hee. So neɗɗo gooto e les ŋoral ngal yanii e dow ŋoral damal ngal, jamaanu nguu ina jokki e dogde yeeso, ina moofta ɓalli 4 haa 6 laabi luggiɗɗi e nder damal hee haa hay gooto waawaa naatde walla yaltude.
5. So a yiyii damal yeeso maa ina jammi tawo e yimɓe dogɓe, ɓuuɓɓe: WOPPIT pusde yeeso. Puɗɗagol e nder damal jamma tan ina ɓuuɓna yimɓe yeeso maa, ina nannga ma e nder ŋoral cumu. Ɗoon e ɗoon, njaltu bannge e nder weeyo jamaanu nguu e saraaji mahol ngol ngam yiytude yaltirde ɗiɗmere walla feɗeendu les.

2. No ɓuuɓnirtee feɗeendu nokku njulaagu so dame ɗee njuumtii¶

Dingiral jamma e baruuji ina keewi jogaade windooji lesɗi pentiirɗi ɓaleeji, ɓuuɓnaaɗi e alluuje plywood akustik, walla ɓuuɓnaaɗi gilaasi kisal laminaaji tedduɗi. So tawii dame yettotooɗe ɗee fof ina njuuti walla ina njuuti: - Woto meeɗ fiyde walla fiyde gilaas e juuɗe ɓutte walla paɗe ɓutte, ko ɗum taƴata ƴiiƴam radial to junngo walla to ƴiiƴam Achilles. - Huftoraade geɗe njamndi teeŋtuɗe: Nanngu taƴre njamndi tiiɗndi, base table bistro njamndi mboɗeeri, posto njamndi mboɗeeri ngam haɓaade jamaanu, walla silinder njamndi teddundi ngam mumtude yiite e dow ŋoral mahol. - Fiytu ŋoral ŋoral gilaas e ŋoral muntin leɗɗe/aluminium, wonaa caka bouncy ŋoral gilaas. So tawii ko nde ɓuuɓnde, huutoroo koyɗe bar stool ngam raɓɓiɗinde dente gilaas les ɗee, ɓoorno-ɗaa wutte teeŋtuɗo walla denim dow sill les oo, ruttoo e dow sill padded hoore-e-baagal-ko adii fof e juuɗe maa ngam nanngude hoore maa e dow laawol yaasi ngol.

Diwgol luggiɗngol 3: Naatde e cumu tooke ngu yiyataa no feewi e warooɓe ɓiɗɓe ɗiɗo (\(HCN\) e \(CO\))¶

E nder yiiteeji nder galleeji baɗɗi polimeruuji sintetik, ina heen ɓuuɓri akustik poliyuretan, ɓuuɓri kaɓirɗe kuuraa PVC, tapiiji naylon, ɓuuɓri dingiral poliyester, e cuuɗi VIP viniil ɓuuɓɗi, yiite ina wara yimɓe seeɗa no feewi ko ɓuri "Twin Toxic Twins" e Hydrogenani Mono\(Nke smo sintetik (\)CO$).

Ko waɗi cumu nokku sintetik ina fiyra ñawɓe ɓe nganndaa e nder foofaango 2 haa 3¶

1. Nguurndam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo toowngo : To meeteeruuji 1,5 (5 feet) dow leydi (tooweeki hoore dariinde), ɓuuɓol cumu ɓalewol jippotoongol e nder ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ina yettoo 300 haa 600 degere Celsius (570 haa 1 100 degereithe Fahren. Ƴettude henndu wooturu luggiɗndu 400 degere Celsius tawa ina darii ina addana neɗɗo ɓuuɓde (ɓuuɓde) e nder sahaa gooto e epiglottis e ƴiye daande, ina ɓuuɓna laawol henndu toowngol ngol e nder laryngospasm.
2. Asfiksiyoŋ cellal Siyanid Hidrojen (\(HCN\)) : Pilastikuuji baɗɗi azot (foam poliyuretan, naylon, wutte, melamin) ina njaltina gaas siyaniid hidrojen keewɗo so ina wuli e nder cuuɗi ɗi oksijen ŋakki. Ina wayi no monoksiid karbonik (mo oksijen ɓuuɓnata seeɗa-seeɗa e ƴiiƴam mboɗejam), molekule siyaniid ina njokkondiri ɗoon e ɗoon e sitokrom c oksidaas nder mitokondriyaaji ƴiiƴam ngaandi maa e ɓernde maa, ina udda peewnugol semmbe ƴiiƴam e nder leƴƴanɗe 15 haa 45. Patron mo fooftata fooftere tati cumu ɓuuɓngu keewngu siyaniid, ɗoon e ɗoon ina ɓuuɓtoo, ina ɓuuɓtoo, ina waasa jogaade doole e koyɗe mum, ina ɓuuɓtoo e dow leydi tawa anndaaka.
3. Ko waɗi henndu les 30 haa 60 santimeeteer (1 haa 2 feet) ina heddii e wuurde: Sabu cumu ngulngu ina ɓuuɓna, ɓuuɓol ina jogoo laral keeriwal ɓuuɓngal, henndu ɓurndu laaɓtude, ɓurndu laaɓtude e dow leydi e nder leƴƴanɗe 60 haa 12.

No njiyru-ɗaa yaltude e suudu ɓaleeru tawa a majjaani e hakkunde¶

So cumu ɓaleejo yanii e hoore maa, fitirlaaji ɗii njaltii e nder suudu mawndu udditiindu (hono suudu danndorde walla suudu ñalɗi), yimɓe ŋoŋɗinɓe njirlotooɗi yeeso ina keewi njirlotooɗi e cirƴe e nder hakkunde suudu nduu haa ɓe keɓa foolde. Huutoro Sweep Wall-Hand Pompier e nokku mum:

1. Toppito e juuɗe maa e koppi maa (walla reedu maa) ɗoon e ɗoon: Waɗde nofru maa e hunuko maa ina ngondi e 30 santimeeteer (12 inch) e dow leydi. Fooftu seeɗa e hunuko maa walla e limce cotton joorɗe walla njaram, jogaaɗe e dow yeeso maa ngam filtinde ɓuuɓri mawndi, ɓuuɓndi.
2. Yahdu e mahol perimeter ɓurngol ɓadaade ngol, njogoɗaa caggal junngo maa ina mema ɗum:
3. So junngo maa memii mahol yaajngol walla perimeter, woto meeɗ woppude oon mahol.
4. Kala damal yaltirgal emergency e nder galle ina waɗee e nder mahol perimeter. So aɗa ƴakka e yaawre e dow baseboard e junngo wooto ina ƴakka jokkondira e dow ŋoral (e junngo maa ngoɗngo ina ƴakka seeɗa yeeso hoore maa ngam yiytude caɗeele walla patrons fadɓe), aɗa waawi fiyde ŋoral damal e nder leƴƴanɗe seeɗa tawa a meeɗaa ƴaañde caggal e nder caka danndorde ndee.
5. Feel for the panic bar and threshold: So junngo maa yanii e damal ɓuuɓngal e dow mahol ngol, yetto 90 santimeeteer (36 inch) e dow leydi ngam yiyde njamndi mboɗeeri panic crash bar, ɓuuɓna heen teddeendi ɓanndu maa, njaltu.

Diwgol luggiɗngol 4 : Toppitagol safaara caggal nde neɗɗo yalti ngam foofde cumu e tooke siyaniid¶

So tawii aan e woɗɓe eɓɓooɓe ɓee njaltii e mbedda, njaltu ko famɗi fof 30 meeter (100 feet) e mahdi ndii ngam dame yaltugol ɗee laaɓta ngam dogde patrons e hoseeji yiite garooji. Ɗoon e ɗoon ƴeewto-ɗee wuurɓe ɓee e ngonkaaji tati baawɗi bonnude nguurndam :

1. Tuumaaɗo tooke Siyanid Hidrojen (\(HCN\)) e Monoksiid Karbon (\(CO\)) kawri e kala guurɗo mo anndaaka walla mo jiiɓaani:
2. Kala mo ummii e dingiral jamma walla e yiite polimer nder suudu, mo soot e nder hunuko mum walla e hunuko mum, ina **jiiɓi, ina haɓa, ina ɓuuɓna, ina ɓuuɓna, walla ina ɓuuɓna, walla ina ɓuuɓna, walla ina ɓuuɓna, ina foti safreede e safrooɓe arooɓe ngam both $COide toxie.se (cute cyan monoksiid karbon e ballal gadanal e fooftere cumu).
3. Waɗde ɓuuɓnude foofaango ngo anndaaka e nder position de recuperation latérale e dow laawol ngol e henndu laaɓndu, fuɗɗoo CPR ɗoon ​​e ɗoon e kala mo jaabaaki, mo foofaani no haanirta nii. Haalan safrooɓe EMS artuɓe ɓee : "Ɓe foofi cumu ɓuuɓngu poliyuretan ɓaleejo e nder suudu nduu" ngam safrooɓe ɓee mbaawa rokkude 100% oksijen toowɗo e nder ƴiiƴam hidroksokobalamin (Cyanokit), ko jokkondirta e molekule siyaniid e nder kidney witamin B12 mo alaa ko bonnata mo ƴiiƴam ɗam yaltinta.
4. Woto meeɗ werlaade ndiyam ngulɗam e dow ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi yaajndi e nder dumunna dabbunde (Hypothermie risk): So tawii ko ɓuuɓri tokosiri feccere e juuɗe walla e koyɗe, ɓuuɓna ɗum no feewi e ndiyam laaɓɗam ɓuuɓɗam fotde hojomaaji 20 ; kono so tawii wuurɗo ina jogii ɓuuɓri yaajndi e nder >20% e ɓanndu mum, ɓuuɓna nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗii no feewi e nder laylayti laaɓtuɗi, joorɗi, walla e filmo ɓuuɓɗo, tawa ina ɓuuɓna ɓanndu mum core ngam haɗde ɓuuɓri warngo e hipotermi (ƴeew ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi e ɓuuɓri kemikal).
5. Woto meeɗ naatde e nokku ɓuuɓɗo ngam yiylaade sehil: Ko ɓuri 30 e nder teemedere mawɓe waawɓe maayde sara dame nokku oo ina ndoga tawo e saraaji laawol ngol, ina njaha ina ngarta e nder cumu siyaniid ɓaleejo ngam yiylaade sehil gorko, while sireb,girdyl of dogi yalti e damal suudu caggal bannge rewo suudu nduu. E nder heen, nanngu polis garoowo gadano oo, hollit damal walla feɗeendu ɗo sehil maa yiytaa ɗoo, ƴeewto nokku toɗɗaaɗo ngam hawrude e ɓesngu polis to bannge laawol ngol.

Patron 15-second audit de sécurité du lieu : 5 banndiraaɓe boɗeeji firti ko aɗa foti yaltude ko adii nde hiirde ndee fuɗɗotoo¶

Kala yiite mawnde e nder dingiral jamma e konsiir nder suudu e nder daartol hannde, waɗi ko e nokku holliroowo laaɓtuɗo, ŋakkeende sariya yiite nde patrons njahrata ko juuti. So a naatii e suudu les leydi, nokku ɗo fedde pop-up waɗata, walla nokku ɗo pijirlooji mbaɗata, yaltu, ɗaɓɓa yoɓde so a yiyii heen gooto e ɗeeɗoo banngeeji boɗeeji joy baawɗi warde :

• 1. Foam poliyuretan "egg-crate" peeñɗo, karton, tapi, walla leɗɗe palastik liggorteeɗe e mahe walla e ŋoral: Ƴeewee ŋoral caggal dingiral ngal e ŋoral dow. So a yiyii matelas/foam paaspoor "egg-crate" kuuraa daneejo mo pentaaka, saakuuji burlap, huɗo bammbaaɗo yoorɗo, walla leɗɗe denndaaɗe ɗe palastik ina ndarii sara fitirlaaji dingiral ngulɗi, yaltu ɗoon e ɗoon.
• 2. Piroteknik nder suudu, ɓulli yiite ("gerbs"), walla ɓulli mawɗi ɓuuɓɗi kuutorteeɗi e les ɓuuɓri les : Piroteknik nder suudu ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓri toowndi, piroteknikuuji jogiiɗi yamiroore, e kaɓirɗe ɓuuɓnooje yiite kuutorteeɗe. So tawii suudu leslesru walla bar mo lowre mum les ina yayna ɓulli ɓuuɓɗi walla ina rokka juuɗe keewɗe ɓuuɓɗe butelaaji ɓuuɓɗi les ɓuuɓri mbaylaandi walla ɓuuɓri foam, yaltu hade mum en huɓɓude.
• 3. Dame yaltugol ɓuuɓɗe ɗe coktirgal, kaɓirɗe, walla mobelaaji coktirɗi: Ƴeew dame yaltugol ɗiɗmere e bannge e caggal suudu nduu. So tawii a yiyii kaɓirgal welo, paddorde, walla deadbolt ɓuuɓɗo e nder bar panic (ko joom mum en ɓe ngalaa nuunɗal kuutortoo ngam haɗde yimɓe naatde e sehilaaɓe mum en tawa njoɓaani), walla so tawii laawol yaltirgol ngol ina waɗi kaɓirɗe liɗɗi e taƴe, yaltu e nokku hee, kaalan ɗum Fire Marshal immediate nokku oo.
• 4. Heewde yimɓe no feewi ɗo a waawaa yahde e dow wellitaare to suudu safrirdu walla to bar : E nder sariyaaji yiite hakkunde leyɗeele (IFC) e NFPA 101, nokkuuji konsiiruuji dartiiɗi ina njogii keeri tiiɗɗi ngam jolnude yimɓe tawa ina tuugnii e njaajeendi damal yaltirgal fof. So tawii nokku les walla dow ina heewi ɓuuɓde haa tiiɗi, e nder suudu nduu fof, tawa a waawaa diwde juuɗe maa walla yahde haa yalti, tawa ko jolngo jooɗiiɓe heen ɓee ɓurtii ko aldaa e sariya.
• 5. Nokku lesleso walla dow-etaas mo ƴeeŋre GOOTO tan woni e mum: Kala nokku mooɓondiral ina jogii ko ɓuri 50 neɗɗo FOTI ko famɗi fof jaltugol ɗiɗi ceertuɗi, ceertuɗi no feewi. Hoto meeɗ jooɗaade e bar les walla e nder suudu loft club ɗiɗaɓuru, tawa ina waɗi tan ko ŋoral gootal ɓuuɓngal, jahdungal e mbedda.

Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶

Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶

• Duɗal ngenndiwal toppitiingal tolnooji e karallaagal (NIST, Amerik): Ciimtol wiɗto karallaagal e yiite dingiral jamma (NIST NCSTAR 2: Ƴellitaare ɓuuɓri poliyuretan, limto waktuuji ƴoƴre, e ƴeewndo ƴellitaare jamaanu).
• Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Reende Yiite (NFPA, Amerik): NFPA 101 Kod Kisal Nguurndam (Eɓɓoore Jaɓɓugol, Kaɓirɗe Kulɓiniiɗe, Ɓoornugol, e Ɓoornugol Yiite nder leydi) e Kuulal NFPA 1126 ngam huutoraade Pyrotechnics a Proximate Befoudite.
• Njuɓɓudi yiite leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik (USFA / FEMA, leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik): Laabi ƴeewndo kisal yiite e nder batu jamaanu e nder dingiral jamma e janngingol njuɓɓudi jamaanu.
• Ofis nder leydi e njuɓɓudi cellal e kisal (HSE, leydi Angalteer): Ƴeewndo riskuuji kisal yiite: Nokkuuji tokoosi e hakkundeeji ɗo mooɓondiral, teyaaɗe, sinemaaji, e nokkuuji nannduɗi heen (Ardorde yamiroore kisal yiite ngam waylude kuule).
• Goomu nanondiral tookeeji siyaniid e fooftere cumu (Safaara / Tookeeji : Njuɓɓudi hade safrirde tookeeji siyaniid e monoksiid karbon e nder yiiteeji gonɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi.

Ardiiɓe jokkondirɓe¶

• Jamaanu ɓuuɓde e wuurde stampede
• Kisal yiite suudu e udditgol
• Monoksiid karbon e fooftere cumu ballal gadanal
• Kulol tiiɗngol e ɓuuɓri kemikal
• CPR e AED ko doggol doggol
• Reggindo limooje emergency