Caggal nde Airbag ƴettaa : Duuɓi kemikal, ɓuuɓri gite, e haɗde ɓuuɓri ɗiɗaɓiri¶
Limɗe emergency ina ceerti e nder leydi. Ngolɗoo hello huutortoo ko 911, woni limoore wonande leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik e Kanadaa. Leyɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ina kuutoroo 112, 999, walla limoore woɗnde. Yiytu limoore leydi maa.
So tawii ko e nder jolngo, suudu nduu ina heewi e nder 20 haa 50 milisekon ruulde daneere walla boɗeere, ɓuuɓnde, gaas ɓuuɓɗo, e ɓuuɓol mikroskoop ngol yaltata e dashboard whee, e60 320 km/h (100 haa 200 km/h)**, ina wondi e ɓuuɓol gonngol e 160 haa 178 desibel (dB). Ɗiɗi ɗoon e ɗoon, ina hulɓina wuurɓe e leƴƴanɗe 60 gadane caggal nde saakuuji ɗii ɓuuɓtii : ko adii fof, hoɗɓe e kulhuli ina keewi majjere daneejo amidon gawri, talk, e hidroksiid sodium alkaline / karbonaat potaasiyom deployment dust ngam moteri toowɗo walla kabine maɓɓe directors direct le ; ɗiɗmo oo, ko jillondiral 160+ dB muusde ɓuuɓol akustik (tinnitus e mbayliigu damal), ɓuuɓol gite alkaline ɓuuɓngol, e doole otooji ŋakkiraaɗi ina addana jooɗiiɓe heen ɓee ŋoŋɗude e nder werlaa mo lampaaji mum njiyataa e dow laawol toowngol co sionsvivorsco hitaande.
Faamde no ɓuuɓri piroteknik e hibriid gonndi e gaas mooftiraaɗo gollortoo, seerndude poɗɗe deployment ɗe ngalaa ko bonnata e yiite nguleeki les hood goonga, ɓuuɓnude heddiiɓe e alkaliiji ɓuuɓɗi e gite maa e ɓuuɓri maa hade mum saabaade ɓuuɓri korneel kemikal walla dualchospasm de-un- modules airbag nde ina fadi poliseeɓe ina hisna nguurndam. Ndee ɗoo deftere ina hollita hojomaaji 5 gadani caggal nde airbag ƴettaa, haɗde jolngo ɗiɗaɓo, dekontaminasiyoŋ duƴƴe kemikal, e ƴeewndo safaara ngam ñawndude gaañanɗe airbag cuuɗiiɗe.
Waɗde ɗum jooni¶
- WOTO JUMP BUUM E ƊAƊƊI MIIJO MOTOO INA WONI E YIITE: Seerndude powder airbag daneejo e cumu yiite goonga ko adii, huɓɓu lampaaji 4-way hazard, e ruttaade windooji les. Fotde kala deployment airbag a gray orhite ina hebbina oto oo talcum lubricant powder jillondirɗo e gaas azot e heddiiɓe e piroteknik. So wonaa tawa a yiyii cumu ɓaleejo ɓaleejo walla boɗeejo tedduɗo ina ɓuuɓtoo e les ɓuuɓri, ɓuuɓol oraas ina yiyee, walla ina uurna bensiin ɓuuɓɗo, ina gasa tawa oto maa ina huɓɓa yiite. Ɗoon e ɗoon, toɓɓu 4-way hazard flasher triangle, ɓuuɓna les windooji banngeeji ɗii ngam ustude ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi ndii, ƴeewto gite maa banngeeji ɗii e laabi jolɗe ɗii hade maa udditaade kala damal.
- NODDEE 911 / 112 / 999 ƊOO ƊOO (WALLA HOOLKITO NODDIRDE NODDIRDE NODDIRDE AUTOMATIK): Hoto meeɗ tuugnaade e hoore maa walla e ɓanndu maa e dow volan walla e dow ɓuuɓri airbag ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi. Noddu nokku limooje caɗtuɗe (911 to Amerik e Kanadaa, 112 to Dental Orop fof, 999 to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik, 000 to Ostarali). Ko ɓuri heewde e otooji jamaanu ina uddita dame ɗee, ina njuɓɓina lampaaji dome nder mum en, ina taƴa pompe petroŋ, ina mbiya neldugol jolngo e eCall / OnStar / SOS e sahaa nde airbag yani. Waɗde ko famɗi fof 25 haa 50 santimeeteer (10 haa 20 inch) woɗɗito kala ɓuuɓri gonndi e ɓuuɓri ndi alaa ɗo haaɗi e ɓuuɓri steering, sabu inflateurs airbag dual-stage jamaanu ina jogii charge piroteknik ɗiɗaɓo guurɗo baawɗo ɓuuɓde so cirko juutɗo walla batte ɗiɗmere waɗii.
- HAƊƊU ƊIƊAƁOL MAAYDE: Feewnit e nder leƴƴanɗe 15 so tawii aɗa diwa oto oo, aɗa yalta caggal gardiiɗo, walla aɗa jokka e nder. So tawii oto maa ina waawi yahde, ina jooɗii e laawol mawngol, seese-seese, jolnu ɗum e laawol ɓurngol toowde to bannge ñaamo walla laawol ngol. So tawii oto oo ina moofti sabu jolngo ngoo addani Battery Pyrotechnic Disconnect (PSS / Pyro-Fuse), ƴeew jolngo ɓadiiɗo : e laawol mawngol, yaltu tan ko e damal bannge mo alaa jolngo e nder jolngo laaɓtungo e barrier or 15 meeter (50 feet) dow ŋoral e dow ŋoral ŋoral. So tawii otooji ina njirloo e maa e nder nees daneejo, e nder ɓuuɓol, walla e nder geec ɓaleejo, jokku e nder oto oo tawa aɗa fawi heen jokkorgal maa, aɗa fawi heen hoore maa haa nde jolngo ngoo dartii.
- WOTO ƁUƊƊU GITE MAA: Ɓuuɓnu gite e ɓalndu e ndiyam laaɓɗam walla saline ngam ittude ɓuuɓri alkaline. Generatoruuji gaasuuji piroteknik ina ɗacca caggal mum en ɓuuɓri hidroksiid sodium (
NaOH), karbonaat potaasiyom, e oksidaaji njamndi jillondirɗi e ɓuuɓri gawri/talc. So ndeeɗoo ɓuuɓri alkali ɓuuɓtii e nder filmo gonɗo e gonɗi maa walla e ɓuuɓri, ina ɓeyda pH dow, ina addana ɗum ɓuuɓde ɗoon e ɗoon walla keratitis chimique (burn alkali corneal). Woto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude gite maa (ɓuuɓnude ina ɓuuɓna kiristaaluuji tiiɗɗi e nder gite maa). Ittu gite ɗee ɗoon e ɗoon, ɓuuɓna gite ɗee ko juuti e ndiyam laaɓɗam walla saline sterile fotde 10 haa 15 minit gila e ŋoral nderwal haa yaasi. - SO WOƊƊO WOƊƊO ASMA WALLA COPD : Naatde e henndu welndu ɗoon e ɗoon, kuutoro-ɗaa inhaler bronchodilateur rescue (
albuterol / salbutamol). Foofde e ɓuuɓri aerosol laaɓtundi e ɓuuɓri alkali ina addana bronchospasme e ɓuuɓri gonndi e ƴiiƴam e nder hojomaaji 2 haa 10 e nder asmaaji, sukaaɓe, e mawɓe. - ƳEEWTO ƳEEWTO CAAFORDE HAY SO A ƊAƁII: Yiylo leelgol nder reedu, gite, noppi, e ɓalndu reedu. Saak weeyo ina fiyra yeeso, daande, e reedu haa 300 km/h (186 mph) so tawii jooɗiiɗo oo ina ɓadii ste1 to5 taƴre e nder fereeji. Ƴeewto ƴeewndo safrirde ngam kala yiytere ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde lewlewndu, ɓuuɓri ɓernde, ɓuuɓri fooftere, ɓuuɓri nanɗe walla ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi e noppi (acoustic barotrauma), walla ɓuuɓri wutte/reedu.
flowchart TD
A["Airbag Deployment e nder jolngo otooji"] --> B{"Ƴeewto yiite e duule ɓuuɓɗe Airbag (Leƴƴanɗe 10 gadane)"}
B -->|"Chalky daneejo/boɗeejo kabin dust, ɓuuɓɗo firework, NO ɓuuɓol walla cumu hood ɓaleejo"| C["Pooɗe Airbag no woorunoo (Amidon/Talc + Azote): Ƴeewto Haɗeeji 4-Laabi ; Roll Winndere Dow haa Kabin Vent"]
B -->|"Cumu ɓaleejo/acrid tedduɗo ummoraade e hood/floor, ɓuuɓol, walla ɓuuɓol teddungol raw fuel"| D["HAAƊE YIITE MOTO GOLLORƊO : Sokkit, ƴeewto-ɗaa mirror ngam yiytude jolngo, yaltu denndaangal jooɗiiɓe heen 45 m (150 ft) dow henndu ɗoon e ɗoon"]
C --> E{"Mbele oto oo ina darii e laawol yah-ngartaa laawol mawngol?"}
E -->|"Oto ina doga/rolla haa jooni"| F["Steer seeɗa e dow ɓale/median woɗɗitaade laabi gollorɗi; udditde moteri OFF; set fereeji parking"]
E -->|"Oto maayii (Pyro-Fuse taƴi batiri/fuel) e laawol nguurndam"| G{"Mbele aɗa waawi yaltude e jam e garde/embankment e nder gap laaɓɗo?"}
G -->|"EEY: Laɓɓin gap e nder jolngo + barrière kisal sara"| H["Yaltude e damal bannge NON-TRAFIC; ƴettude kala neɗɗo caggal garde & 30-50 m (100-165 ft) TO TOOWƊO e jolngo"]
G -->|"ALAA: Fooyre wumre, ice ɓaleejo, walla otooji jaawɗi ina njillondiri"| I["JOƊƊO BUCKLED NDER: Jokku jokkere enɗam; heddo 25 cm (10 in) caggal e volan & saakuuji weeyo ɗi ndarnaaka"]
F --> J["Waɗde Ƴeewndorɗe Cafrirɗe caggal Airbag & Triage"]
H --> J
I --> J
J --> K["1. WOTO ƁUƊƊU GITE: Ittu jokkondiral & ɓuuɓna gite e ndiyam 10-15 min ngam ɓuuɓri alkali<br/>2. Hokkude inhaler asma so ina ɓuuɓna<br/>3. Ƴeewto so tawii ko ɓalndu, gite, noppi & ɓalndu; ɗaɓɓu EMS (911/112/999)"]
Hoto meeɗ ŋoŋɗude e dow volan walla fooftaade hoore maa e dow ŋoral bannge caggal nde ŋoŋɗi: Feere Airbag Dual-Stage & Un-Deployed
Otooji jamaanu ina kuutoroo Airbags yeeso Dual-Stage (Smart) kam e airbags keewɗi baawɗi ɓuuɓde banngeeji e baggeeji rido dow. Fawii ko e tiiɗnaare jolngo e kuutoragol jolngo, ordinateer jolngo (SRS Control Module) ina heewi fiyde tan Stage 1 (fotde 70 e nder teemedere doole) e steering walla airbag passenger e nder sahaa nde jolni, acca Stage 2 (heddii ko 30 e nder teemedere charge piroteknik) ina wuura e nder hub steering. Ko noon kadi, so tawii ko baggeeji yeeso ɗii tan njuɓɓinaa, baggeeji bannge-rido e joɗnde-bolster ina keddii e doole 100 e nder teemedere. So tawii oto ɗiɗaɓo oo ina jokki e oto maa mo alaa ko waawi, walla so tawii jolngo ngo ina ɓuuɓtoo, tawi daɗndoowo walla sofereeɓe ina njuɓɓina hoore mum e dow werlaa walla ina fooftoo e dow jolngo damal, jolngo heddiingo ngoo ina waawi ɓuuɓde e 300 km/h (186 mph) e nokku mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa cer.vijur fracture fatal, walla cauu. **Keɓtu denndaangal jooɗiiɓe e wallooɓe e dow "Kuulal 10-5-20" (ko famɗi fof 10 inch / 25 cm e saak weeyo sofereeɓe, 5 inch / 13 cm e saak weeyo bannge, e 20 inch / 50 cm e saak weeyo batte dashboard yahooɓe) haa **voltne the pompiers disc-2.
Powder Airbag vs. Yiite otooji gollotooɗi vs¶
E nder leƴƴanɗe caɗtuɗe caggal nde jolngo yani, anndude ko woni e ɓuuɓde e weeyo kabin ina haɗa majjere ɗiɗi luurondirɗe : diwde e werlaa kisal e nder werlaa garoowo 110 km/h (70 mph) sabu ɓuuɓri mboros ndi alaa ko bonnata, walla jooɗaade e nder werlaa ɓuuɓɗo tawa ina sikka acrid pokeba air.
| Maande Kabin / Kuutorgal Sensoor | Duule Ƴeewndo Airbag No woorunoo | Kondensator A/C ɓuuɓɗo / Mist ɓuuɓɗo (R-134a mala R-1234yf) |
Goonga Motor / Elektrik / Fuel Yiite |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yiyngo & Nokkuure | Chalky duule powle joorɗe daneeje walla boɗeeje hebbinde kabine ɗoon e ɗoon e dogdu; fuɗɗotoo ko jooɗaade e dow daas e jooɗorɗe e nder 30 haa 90 leƴƴannde. | Daneejo, ɓuuɓɗo, ɓuuɓri nanndundi e ɓuuɓol ina hiisa ummoraade e ɓuuɓri yeeso walla e ɓuuɓri dashboard ; ina diwa e yaawre e nder henndu ɓuuɓndu tawa accaani ɓuuɓri yoorndi e koppi maa. | Cumu ɓuuɓngu ɓaleejo, ɓaleejo, walla boɗeejo-boɗeejo mo ɓeydotoo teddude kala leƴƴannde, ummotooɗo e les ŋoral hood, ɓulli taƴe, walla tapi leydi. |
| Uurugo / Uurugo | Uurugo bana powder gun, fijirle ɓutte, sulfure, walla lampaaji ɓuuɓɗi, hawra e powder ɓiɗɗo-ɓalndu walla ɓuuɓri gawri e nder nofru. | Uurugo ɓuuɓngo, etereejo, nannduɗo e kuloroform walla solvant kemikal ina wondi e daande ɓuuɓnde toownde, ɓuuɓnde to nokku radiator yeeso. | Kaɓirgal ɓuuɓngal, ɓuuɓngal, ɓuuɓngal, nebam mooftirɗam, walla cumu bensiin ɓuuɓɗo ɓuuɓnoowo daande ɗoon e ɗoon. |
| Temperature e jikkuuji nguleeki | Ɗaɗi naylon ɓuuɓɗi e galle ɓuuɓɗo njamndi ina gulla no feewi e toɓɓere (fotde 90 haa 200 degere Celsius / 195 haa 390 degere Fahrenheit), e nguleeki seeɗa ina waawi ummoraade e volan fotde hojomaaji 1 walla **ist glo e. | Coodgu to nokku ruppitiiɗo (sabu yaajde gaas jaawɗo), hay so tawii noon ɓuuɓol nebam ɓuuɓngol e dow ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ina waawi huɓɓude so... R-1234yf jokkondiral udditii ƴulɓe. |
Nguurndam ɓeydotooɗam e yaawre e dow ŋoral, hood, walla dow ŋoral; pentiir ɓuuɓɗo e dow hoodere; ɓuuɓol oraas ɓuuɓngol les ɓuuɓol moteri. |
| Golle ko yaawi ina ɗaɓɓiree | WOTO diwtu wumre e nder jolngo. Ƴettu windooji les ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri, ƴeewto-ɗaa miijooji jolngo, nawtu oto oo e dow ŋoral so tawii ina waawi yahde, walla yaltu e jam so jolngo ngoo laaɓii. | Wirtu ignition e HVAC blower OFF, ɓuuɓna windooji les, yalta e jam; reenaade foofde ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e nder nokku udditirɗo. | EMERGENCIE NGURNDAM: Sokkit ɗoon e ɗoon, taƴtu jolɗe jammooje so ina haani, ƴeewto so tawii otooji ina ngara, e yaltinde denndaangal jooɗiiɓe heen ɓee 45 meeter (150 feet) dow henndu. |
Daawe 1 : Wuurde e leƴƴanɗe 60 gadane ɗee : Haɗde jolngo ɗiɗaɓo bonngo¶
E wiyde humpitooji kisal jolngo ummoraade e U.S. Fedde toppitiinde kisal laabi mawɗi (NHTSA) e njuɓɓudi kisal laabi mawɗi Orop, ko ina tolnoo e 20 e nder teemedere (20%) e kala maayɓe e aksidaaji laabi mawɗi ina mbaɗa jolɗe ɗiɗmere, ɗo oto ɓadiiɗo yani e oto mo alaa ko waawi walla yimɓe daɗɓe e laawol. Deployment airbag ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende jolngo ɗiɗaɓo sabu dalillaaji tati teeŋtuɗi :
1. Ko waɗi oto maa fuɗɗotaako caggal nde Airbag udditaa: Batiri Pyrotechnic ina seernda (Pyro-Fuse)¶
Sofereeɓe ɓe airbags mum en njuɓɓinta e nder jolngo tokooso walla hakkundeejo ina keewi hulde so tawii motor oo ina maaya e oon sahaa, moter starter oo ina maaya 100 e nder teemedere, ina ɗacca ɓe ina njuutee e laabi gollorɗi hay so tawii moter oo e hoore mum memotaako.
- No Pyro-Fuse gollortoo: E fotde otooji jamaanu ɗii fof (ina heen otooji bensiin, disel, hibriid, e otooji kuuraa), ko moƴƴi +12V kaɓirgal batiri (walla bus batiri jolngo toowngo) ina waɗi Switch kisal piroteknik (PSS / Pyro-Fuse / Battery Safety Terminal). E nder milisekon tigi-rigi, ordinateer SRS ina fiyra saakuuji weeyo ɗii, ina fiyra kadi jolngo tokooso e nder jolngo batiri ngo ɓuuɓri mum ina ɓuuɓna jolngo teddungo e kaɓirgal doole alternator oo tawa ina yamira Module Kontrol Pompe Fuel ngam uddude jolngo fuel, haɗa jolngo fuel e ɓuuɓde yeeso-.
- Ko gollotoo haa jooni (e ko golloraaki): Fuɗɗoode moteri, pompe petroŋ, e steering toowɗo ina taƴaa ; a waawaa fuɗɗoraade walla diwde oto. Kono tan, ɓoggol fuse ɗiɗmol ngol ampere mum famɗi ina heddii e jokkondirde e batiri oo teeŋti noon ngam semmbinde fiilngooji kulɓiniiɗi 4-way, lampaaji dome nder, coktirgal dame semmbe (ko udditirta hoore mum), windooji semmbe, e modem celluka telematik SOS / eCall. E won e otooji ɓooyɗi jogiiɗi ƴulɓe inertia mekanik taƴoowo petroŋ (ina tawee e laylaytol kick footwell walla bagaas), ƴulɓe ɗee ina mbaawi toɓɓude ngam resetde, hay so tawii noon a fotaani meeɗde etaade resetde ƴulɓe taƴoowo petroŋ so aɗa uurna bensiin walla aɗa yi’a ndiyam ina ɓuuɓtoo e les oto oo.
2. Dogde e dow Baagal e Airbag Deflated (So Motor oo ina heddii e dogde)¶
E nder won e deploymentuuji lesɗi walla otooji ɗi ngalaa squib disconnect batte, moteri oo ina heddii e dogde caggal nde airbag oo yani, ina ɓuuɓtoo ɗoon e ɗoon (airbags ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder 0,1 haa 0,3 leƴƴannde rewrude e ɓuuɓri caggal e nder saak naylon). So tawii ɓoggol naylon ngol yanii, fawii limp e hakkunde steering, rimre steering, pedal fereeji, e shifter transmission ina ngolloo haa jooni so wonaa tawa jolngo yeeso, junngo ɗowgol, walla aksiyoŋ ina ɓuuɓna. Nanngu rimre yaajnde e volan (woto **jaggu hub inflator center njamndi mboɗeeri e nder saak ɓuuɓɗo, baawɗo ɓurde 150 degere Celsius / 300 degere Fahrenheit e ɓuuɓnude juuɗe maa), ɓuuɓna saak naylon ɓuuɓɗo oo bannge mbele ɗum vehilow e snag on the snag dow wuttulo ɓuuɓngo ñaamo hade mum uddude ignition.
3. Porotokol kuulal "Jokkude e nder vs. yaltude caggal barrier".¶
So tawii oto maa ina darii e laawol gonngol e golle walla e dow ŋoral juutngal tawa ina waɗi saakuuji weeyo : 1. Uddit lampaaji 4-way hazard flashers e lampaaji parking headlamp, e ruttaade les denndaangal windooji gollotooɗi ɗoon e ɗoon: Rulnude windooji ɗii les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol alkali, laɓɓina gite maa, kadi ina ɗaɓɓi uddital dogdu hade batiri 12 volt oo ɓuuɓde. 2. Laawol mawngol joorngol/ɓuuɓngol jaawngol e Guardrail walla Embankment ɓadiiɗo: Waɗde gap tabitinaaɗo e jolngo ɓadiiɗo. Haa kala jooɗiiɗo yalta e damal fa’de e yah-ngartaa (woto meeɗ naatde e laawol gonngol ngam ƴeewde bumper maa). Yahdu e yaawre caggal gardiiɗo njamndi, jolngo beton, walla ko famɗi fof meeteeruuji 15 (50 meeteer) dow ŋoral laawol, e ligganaade kala neɗɗo 30 haa 50 meeteer (100 haa 165 meeteer) UPSTREAM (faade jolngo garoowo) so diwde a prop wllearyd ɗiɗmo e maa. 3. Pileup otooji keewɗi, Fog mo yiyataa, Whiteout Blizzard, walla Sheet Black Ice: So tawii a yiyataa lampaaji ɓadtiiɗi haa ɗi ngona e dow maa, walla so tawii otooji ina njuutee e saraaji maa, yaltude e oto maa e koyɗe ina waawi warde. Jokku e nder oto oo tawa aɗa jogii jokkorgal maa no feewi, accu fitirlaaji ɗii fof ina mberloo, njuuro-ɗaa e kala module airbag mo ndarnaaka, ndarto-ɗaa hoore maa e dow ŋoral haa otooji emergency ɗii ndartoo laawol ngol caggal maa.
Faandaare 2: Kimiiya ƴellitgol Airbag & Ballal gadanal safaara ngam duƴƴe, gite, ɓuuɓri, e ɓalndu¶
Heewɓe e maayɓe e aksidaaji ina kuli so nanii wonde baggeeji ɓooyɗi ina kuutoroo sodium azide (NaN3), walla nde gite maɓɓe e juuɗe maɓɓe puɗɗii ɓuuɓde hojomaaji 10 caggal nde ɓe njiyti. Anndude kemikal tigi-rigi ko yaltata e ɓuuɓri airbag ina addana on waɗde dekontaminasiyoŋ ko yaawi.
1. Hol ko woni e nder duule Airbag daneeje?¶
Inflatoruuji airbag piroteknik e hibriid ina ngolloo e laawol jaawngol, ɓuuɓngol walla gaas mooftiraaɗo :
1. Azide sodium legacy (NaN3) vs. Nitrate Guanidine Moderne / Inflateurs Hybrides : So sensor ɓuuɓɗo oo ƴettii squib kuuraa, pelle ɓuuɓɗe tiiɗɗe ina ngulla e yaawre ngam feewnude gaas azot mo alaa ko bonnata (N2, ko ɗum waɗi 78 e nder teemedere henndu foofaandu) ngam ɓuuɓnude saak oo e nder 30 milisekon. E nder njuɓɓudi no woorunoo, fotde 100 e nder teemedere e azide sodium ina ñaamee e mbaydi nguleeki (azide sodium raw ko baasal tan so tawii golloowo salvage taƴii udditii kanister mo alaa ɗo haaɗi walla so kanister ɓuuɓɗo ina ɓuuɓna ndiyam). Kono tan, sodium e potaasiyom seeɗa ina njalta e nder ɓuuɓri gonndi caggal airbag, ina njalta ɗoon e ɗoon e ɓuuɓri e nder henndu suudu nduu, e filmo gonɗo e gonɗi maa, e ɓuuɓri maa ngam waɗde Hidroksiid Sodium aerosolized (NaOH, lye) e Karbonaat potaasiyom (K2CO3).
2. Pooɗe lubricant (Pooɗe gawri e talcum): Ngam reentaade mbaydi naylon ɓuuɓndi ndii ina waawi ɓuuɓde e nder steering fotde duuɓi 10 haa 15 tawa ina ɓuuɓna, peewnoowo oo ina ɓuuɓna saak ɓuuɓɗo oo e **pooɗe gawri, talcum, walla kalsiyum. E nder ɓuuɓri puccitndi, ngool poɗɗe laaɓtuɗe ina mbaɗta ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓri alkali mikroskopi (NaOH) e oksidaaji njamndi, ina ɓuuɓna gite sofereeɓe ɓee, e hunuko mum en, e hunuko mum en, e ɓalndu mum en.
2. Ballal gadanal ko yaawi ngam keratitis kemikal Airbag (ɓuuɓri gite alkaline e ɓuuɓri gite)¶
Wiɗtooji gite kollitii wonde udditgol airbag ina addana gite caɗeele ɗiɗi ceertuɗe : abrasion korneel mekanik / hifema ɓuuɓɗo (gila e mbaydi naylon ɓuuɓndi gite e 200+ km/h) e **keratitis kemikal alkali duarkulaar pH te dow 7.5 to 9.0).
- Kuulal 1, WOTO MEƊƊU RUUDE Gite Maa: Duule deployment ina waɗi salte alkaline caustic e partikulaaji njamndi/silikat mikroskopiiji ummoriiɗi e ekran filtirde inflator. Ruuɓde gite maa ina ɓuuɓna ɗeen ɓuuɓɗe e nder epiteliyoŋ korneel no kaayitaaji ɓuuɓɗi nii.
- Kuulal 2, Ittugol Leppi Ɗoon e ɗoon: Leppi softuɗi ina nannga ɓuuɓri alkali e dow ƴiiƴam, ina juutna ɓuuɓri kemikal. Loow koppi maa e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ko adii, ittu leppi maa, accu ɗi njalta.
- Kuulal 3, Ndiyam walla ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam jokkondirɗam e nder hojomaaji 10 haa 15 : Ƴeewto hoore maa banngeeji ɗii fof mbele gite gonɗe e ɓuuɓri ɗee ina ƴeewa les feewde leydi (haɗde ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam dogde e ponto nofru maa e nder gite goɗɗe ɗee). Joggo gite ɗee udditaa e koppi laaɓɗi, ɓuuɓna gite ɗee e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓndi, ndiyam njareteeɗam laaɓɗam, lootɗam gite sterile, walla 0,9% saline normal, to bannge ŋoral nder gite (sara nofru), ɗaccu ɗum loota haa yaasi e nder ŋoral gite fuɗnaange fotde 0 to 5 minutes. Hoto meeɗ huutoraade toɓɓe ɓuuɓɗe walla etaade ustudeuuɓri alkali e asid.
- Maandeeji gite Red-Flag ina ɗaɓɓi ƴeewndo ko yaawi to suudu safrirdu:** Ƴeewto safaara ko yaawi e safrirde ngam kala **yiytere ɓuuɓnde, yiytere ɗiɗmere (diplopia), rido/ɓuuɓrɓaleeri e nder fannu yiytere (detachment retinal), walla ƴiiƴam yiyteteeɗam e nder nokku iris colour (hyphema). So tawii a sikkii **ɓuuɓri giteuuɓndi walla naatndi (yeru, so gite ɓuuɓtii e yeeso maa nde airbag ni e maa), WOTO ɓuuɓnu gite maa walla waɗ heen ɓuuɓri gite ; suddude gite ɗee no feewi e koppi walla gartirɗi tiiɗɗi, ɗaɓɓa safrooɓe.
3. Asma Airbag, Bronkospasme gonɗo e ƴiiƴam, e fooftere gaas bonɗo¶
So airbag ina huɓɓa, henndu kabine ina yettoo e nder dumunna juutɗo haa yettoo ɓuuɓri toowndi e saraaji ɓuuɓri monoksiid karbon (CO), oksidaa nitriik ( ).NO), amoniyak ( ).NH3), e ɓuuɓri aerosol alkali. E nder jarribooji baɗaaɗi e neɗɗo, 15 haa 30 e nder teemedere e yimɓe wonduɓe e asma ɓuuɓɗo walla ɓuuɓɗo, keɓii ɗoon e ɗoon ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓri ɓalndu, ɓuuɓri, e ŋakkeende fotnde fotde e Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) caggal nde foofi e nder kabin caggal nde airbag ƴetti. Heɓde kala jooɗiiɗo ina ɓuuɓtoo, ina ɓuuɓtoo, walla ina ɓuuɓtoo fooftere e nder henndu welndu ɗoon e ɗoon, waɗde ɓe ƴetta 2 puffs e inhaler maɓɓe rescue beta-agonist juutɗo (albuterol / salbutamol), e yamirde jooɗiiɓe heen ɓee fof yo tuftu ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi, ɓuuɓna hunduko mum en e ndiyam, ɓuuɓna nofru mum en no feewi.
4. Ɓuuɓri Airbag e juuɗe, e wuttulo, e juuɗe, e ɓalndu (Ɓuuɓri nguleeki vs. Friction vs. Ɓuuɓri kemikal)¶
Haa e 7 haa 10 e nder teemedere sofereeɓe e yahooɓe yeeso ina keɓa ɓuuɓri e nder njuɓɓudi airbag rewrude e laabi tati ceertuɗi :
1. Ɓuuɓri gaas toowndi nguleeki (juuɗe e juuɗe nder): Kala saak weeyo ina jogii ɓulli ɗiɗi cirƴaaɗi e ɓalewol (bannge steering-column) saak oo ina ɓuuɓna gaas azot ngulɗo (90 to 400 degrees Celsius to nofru) no ɓernde maa ɓuuɓnirta saak oo. So juuɗe maa ina nannga volan e ** .10 and 2 o'clock mala 12 o'clock** (walla taƴde e dow taayaare ndee nde njirloto-ɗaa ndee), ɗeen ɓulli ɓuuɓɗi caggal ina ɓuuɓna gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi e ɓuuɓri naylon ɓuuɓndi, to les ɓuuɓri juuɗe maa e juuɗe maa.
2. Ɓoornugol mekanik ("Rug Burn") Ɓoornugol Abrasion (Ɓoornugol, Wuddu, e Ɓoornugol): No mbaydi naylon ɓuuɓndi ndi ɓuuɓtortoo e 250 km/h (155 mph), ina moofta e dow Ɓoornugol, Wuddu yeeso, walla Ɓoornugol dow, ina taƴa epidermis yaajɗo (superficial partial-thickness friction burn).
3. Dermatitis kemikal alkalin (kosam ɓuuɓɗam + ɓuuɓri saakuuji ɓuuɓɗi): So powle deployment alkaline jippiima e dow juuɗe ɓuuɓɗe, e dow wutte, walla les ɓuuɓri wattannde walla koltu limce, ɓuuɓri ina ɓuuɓna hidroksiid sodium/potaasiyom, ina sosa burmi **alka00 nokkuure minitaaji so heddii e ɓalndu.
- Ballal gadanal wonande sifaaji ɓuuɓri tati ɗii fof: Loowde e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e saabunde ɓuuɓnde fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15 ko yaawi ngam ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri nguleeki e ɓuuɓnude ɓuuɓri alkaline caustic e nder ɓalndu ɓuuɓndu. Ittu cirƴam, waktuuji, e limce ɓuuɓɗe, uddu ɓuuɓri udditiindi ndi loowdi mum e ɓuuɓri gaas laaɓndi, yoorndi, ndi ɓuuɓnataa (woto meeɗ waɗde heen ɓuuɓri, nebam, walla ice).
Faandaare 3 : Ɓooygol akustik (160 haa 178 dB), Tinnitus, e Ɓooygol Airbag Suuɗngol¶
Sabu airbag ina hisna hoore maa e ɓalndu maa e ɓuuɓde e werlaa walla e werlaa, ina nawta semmbe kinetik mawɗo e nder milisekon. Hay so taƴe njiyataa, ƴeewto kala jooɗiiɗo e mum ɗeeɗoo gaañanɗe joy cuuɗiiɗe :
| Kategori Gaañannde Suuɗnde | Mekanisme E nder Ƴellitaare Airbag | Maandeeji jeertinaango (Ko ɗoon e ɗoon haa waktuuji 24 caggal nde jolni) | Golle Cafrirɗe Ina Haani |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Ɓoornugol akustik, tinnitus e ɓuuɓri noppi | Baggeeji ɗiɗi yeeso e banngeeji rido ɓuuɓɗi e nder suudu udditirdu ina ngadda ɓuuɓol ɓurngol mawnude 160 haa 178 dB (ɓuri ɓuuɓde e ɓuuɓol 12-gauge). | Nguurndam mawɗam, ɓuuɓɗam, walla ɓuuɓɗam e nder noppi (tinnitus), nanɗe muusɗe (threshold shift), ɓuuɓri noppi tiiɗndi, vertigo, walla ndiyam laaɓɗam/ƴiiƴam ummoraade e ɓuuɓri noppi. |
Waɗde ndiyam yalta e ɓuuɓri noppi. Ƴeewndo Ƴeewndo ENT / audiologique yaawngo e nder waktuuji 24 haa 72; kortikosteroiduuji gonɗi e hunuko walla e nder reedu ina moƴƴina no feewi cellal nanɗe. |
| 2. Ɓoornugol ɓernde e ɓuuɓri ɓalndu | So tawii sofereeɓe ɓee ina njooɗtorii no feewi walla ina njooɗii ko ɓuri 25 cm (10 in) e werlaa oo, saak ɓuuɓɗo oo ina fiyra sternum hade mum yettaade ɓuuɓgol kuɗol timmungol. | Nafoore luggiɗnde walla ɓuuɓnde nafoore ɓalndu hakkundeere ɓeydotoonde e foofaango luggiɗngo, ɓuuɓri e nder ɓalndu, ɓuuɓri ƴiiƴam, ɓuuɓri ɓernde yaawndi, walla ɓuuɓri hoore. | Yah to Departemaa Emergency e ambulance. Ina ɗaɓɓi ECG 12-lead e ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam troponin ɓernde toowngo ngam ittude ɓuuɓri miokardi walla ɓuuɓri sternal. |
| 3. Gite Ɓoornugol & Ɓoornugol Gite | Saak yaajɗo oo ina fiyra gite walla gite naange, ina riiwta ɓuuɓri nofru walla gite ɓuuɓɗe e nder wertallo walla ina addana ɓuuɓri globe (hyphema walla gonɗi retina). |
Ƴiiƴam e dow ɓuuɓri gite/nofru, ƴiiƴam yiyteteeɗam e nder suudu yeesooru gite, ɓuuɓri, lampaaji ɓuuɓɗi, walla yiytere duule. | Reento gite tawa aɗa waɗa heen ɓuuɓri (tappude koppi kaayitaaji dow ƴiyal orbital) e heɓde ƴeewndo gite slit-lamp ko yaawi. |
| 4. Ɓoornugol ɓalndu reedu e ɓeydagol mawngol | E nder difooɓe juutɓe jooɗiiɓe sara taƴre ndee, walla jooɗiiɓe ɓe ndartaaki, ina njuuroo yeeso, saak oo ina yaaji dow ina nannga wuttulo, ina yaaji no feewi wuddu nduu. | Tiiɗnaare wutte, nafoore radiating e nder koyɗe, ɓuuɓri/ɓuuɓri e nder koppi (paresthesia), walla ɓuuɓri hoore to les ɓalndu. |
Immobiliser le neck dans une position inline neutre so tawii kala ɓuuɓri walla ɓuuɓri ɓalndu hakkundeeri ina woodi ; ɗaɓɓu safrooɓe ngam waɗde kolce cervical. |
| 5. Kuulal Ɓoornugol Placenta Reedu | Hay so airbag e 3-point seatbelt ina ndeena sofereeɓe reedu, doole jaawɗe ina mbaawi taƴde ƴiiƴam gila e ɓalndu reedu. | Naamne reedu, ɓuuɓri reedu, ƴiiƴam walla ɓuuɓri ndiyam, walla naamne zero e fuɗɗoode (abruption ina waawi silde fotde waktuuji). | Kala debbo reeduɗo mo reedu mum yawti jonte 20 caggal nde o waɗi airbag FOTI waɗde waktuuji 4 haa 6 jokkondire e ƴeewndo ɓernde ɓiɗɗo gorko e nder safrirde. |
Daawe 4: Reende Hisnooɓe e Yahooɓe e Module SRS ɗe ndarnaaka ("Kuulal 10-5-20")¶
So tawii ko a balloowo yahoowo gaañiiɗo e nder oto gonɗo e jolngo walla aɗa fadi polis, airbags ɗi ndarnaaka ko jolɗe piroteknik guurɗe cuuɗiiɗe caggal jolɗe plastik.
- To airbags ɗi ndarnaaka cuuɗii: Yiylo SRS, AIRBAG, walla SIDE CURTAIN AIRBAG taƴaaɗo e dow ŋoral volan, e tablo jolngo, A-pillar, B-pillar, e C-pillar ŋoral suudu (dow windooji banngeeji), toɓɓere bannge yaajnde e ŋoral joɗnde, e les ŋoral volan (airbags koppi).
- Rewrude e "Kuulal 10-5-20 Laɓɓingol": Reento ko famɗi fof 13 santimeeteer (5 inch) laɓɓingol e kala Joɗnde gonnde e bannge walla Airbag gonɗo e dow suudu, 25 santimeeteer (10 santimeeteer) Airbag koppi, e 50 santimeeteer (20 inch) ummoraade e Airbag Dashboard Passenger yeeso mo alaa ɗo haaɗi.
- Woto meeɗ waɗde coktirɗe, kaalis, kaɓirɗe ballal gadanal, walla juuɗe maa e dow dashboard walla e volan tawa aɗa reena ñawɗo e nder oto; so tawii dingiral airbag heddii ngal ina wuli jaw, kala ko ina fooftoo e dow ŋoral, wonta 300 km/h (186 mph).
- Diisnondirde e system SRS: So tawii hoodere ndee udditaama no feewi tawa alaa ko bonnata yiite walla EV toowɗo, seerndude Negative (-, Ɓaleejo) Kaɓirgal batiri 12 volt ina itta doole adanɗe e ordinateer SRS. Kono kala moodel toppitiiɗo SRS ina waɗi capaatouuji baɗɗiiɗi e nder mum jogorɗi jogaade charge firing fotde 90 leƴƴannde haa 10 minit CAGGAL nde batte ɗee taƴaa, ko ɗuum waɗi sahaa kala jogaade nokku 10-5-20 clearance.
Faandaare 5 : Kisal otooji caggal nde otooji ɗii njippii, kuule total-loss assurance, e jeertinaango Airbag fenaande¶
So tawii gooto fof ina selli, oto oo ina jolnaa, kuule tati mekanik e kaalis ina kuutoree e kala oto jogiiɗo saakuuji weeyo :
- Ko waɗi jolngo airbag ina heewi addande asiraagal "Total loss": E sifaaji kisal OEM, jolngo airbag ina ɗaɓɓi lomtaade kala mooɓre airbag jolnaande (1 000 haa 2 500 dolaar kala), ɓalndu dashboard ɓuuɓndu walla head webbing, ko Module Ƴeewndo SRS (
ACM) e sensoruuji doole, jolɗe waktuuji ɓuuɓɗi, e Batte Piroteknik (Pyro-Fuse). Sabu restoraasiyoŋ SRS tan ina yoɓee $4,000 haa $9,000+ hade golle ɓalli, asiraaji ina kollita ko ɓuri heewde e otooji ɓurɗi duuɓi 5 haa 8 ko ŋakkeende timmunde so tawii airbags keewɗi ina njuɓɓinee. - WOTO MEƊƊI yahde e oto mo Airbags taƴaaɗo walla jokkorgal ceŋorɗe coktirgal: Caggal nde airbag jolnaa, jokkorgal ceŋorɗe piroteknik coktirgal haa abada. Woppude oto e airbag taƴaaɗo e pretensioners coktirɗi ina addana-ma seatbelt walla airbag kuutorteeɗo zero, ɗum noon ko huunde nde rewaani laawol e laabi renndo.
- Reento-ɗee Airbags Salvage fenaande maayɗeele: NHTSA e polis winndere ndee fof ina njeertina e 100 haa 300 dolaar "airbags lomtinaaɗi" yeeyeteeɗi e internet. Fotdeeji kollitii wonde airbags fenaande ina mbaawi waasde huutoreede walla ina mbaawi ɓuuɓde no bommbooji peccitagol nii, ina mberloo ƴiye njamndi e yeeso difoowo oo. So tawii oto maa feewnaama, ɗaɓɓu faktirgal OEM dealership traceable ngam heɓde airbags e pretensioners kesi, VIN-matched.
Tip
Yanti e jogaade butelaaji tokoosi lootgol gite saline sterile e taƴoowo / taƴoowo feɗeendu e nder joɗnde sofereeɓe, miijo-ɗaa ƴettude course First Aid e CPR e juuɗe rewrude e Red Cross walla St John Ambulance ngam mbaawa jogaade caɗeele caggal nde mboros oo yani, mboros gite, e caɗeele gonɗe e laawol weeyo.
Naamne keewɗe naamneede¶
Mbele cumu daneejo nder oto caggal nde yani firti ko oto oo ina jogori ɓuuɓde walla ina jogori ɓuuɓde ?¶
E nder fotde dille ɗo airbags njiylotoo, ruulde ɓaleere walla boɗeere heewnde e nder suudu nduu wonaa cumu yiite ; ko ɓuuɓri gawri walla talki (kuutorteendi ngam loowde ɓuuɓri naylon follaa) jillondirndi e gaas azot e ɓuuɓri piroteknik. Cumu yiite otooji goonga ko ɓaleejo ɓaleejo walla ɓaleejo, ina uurna no feewi e kaɓirɗe ɓuuɓɗe, walla e palastik ɓuuɓɗo, walla e bensiin ɓuuɓɗo, ina jokki e ɓuuɓde ɓurnde tiiɗde gila e les ɓuuɓol ngol, tawa ina jokki e ɓuuɓde caggal leƴƴanɗe 60. Huɓɓu fitirlaaji maa, ɓuuɓna windooji maa ngam laaɓtinde ɓuuɓri, ƴeewto laabi gonɗi e yahde ɗii hade maa yaltude e werlaa oo mbele aɗa waasa naatde e laawol oto jahoowo e yaawre.
Hol ko waɗi gite am e juuɗe am ina ngulla caggal nde airbag oto am yani?¶
So inflator airbag piroteknik ina huɓɓa ngam yaltinde gaas azot, seeɗa e hidroksiid sodium e karbonaat potaasiyom ina njalta e ɓuuɓri coofndi e caggal airbag oo e saraaji ɓuuɓri gawri walla talki. So ndeeɗoo ɓuuɓri laaɓndi jippiima e ɓuuɓri gite maa walla jillondirii e ɓuuɓri e juuɗe maa e wutte maa, ina waɗa ɓuuɓri alkali, ndi addanta ɓuuɓri kemikal walla ɓuuɓri kemikal dowri. Yanti heen, ɓuuɓri gaas ngulndi e caggal saak oo e ɓuuɓri naylon ɓuuɓndi ina keewi saabaade ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi e juuɗe, e juuɗe yeeso, e ƴiye. Hoto meeɗ ɓuuɓnude gite maa; ittu gite maa, ɓuuɓna gite maa ko juuti e ndiyam laaɓɗam walla e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam fotde hojomaaji 10 haa 15, loota ɓalndu ɓuuɓndu nduu e saabunde e ndiyam ngulɗam.
Hol ko waɗi oto am fuɗɗaaki walla dillataa hay dara caggal nde airbags ɗii ndartinaa e jolngo tokooso ?¶
Fotde otooji bensiin, disel, hibriid, e kuuraa jamaanu ɗii fof ina njogii ƴulɓe (Pyro-Fuse) e taƴgol otomatik pompe-fuel ngol module ƴeewndo airbag ummotoo. E milisekonnde nde saakuuji weeyo ɗii njuɓɓinta, squib tokooso ina taƴa kaɓirgal doole teeŋtungal jogorngal yahde to mooftirgel ngel e alternatoor, ina udda pompiyee petroŋ oo haa ɓoggi ɓuuɓɗi walla laabi petroŋ ɓuuɓɗi mbaasa ustude yiite les ɓuuɓri. Circuit low-amperage ceertuɗo ina jokki e lampaaji 4-way hazard, windooji doole, lampaaji nder, e noddaango SOS emergency ina ngolloo, kono oto oo waawaa fuɗɗaade haa nde jokkorgal batte piroteknik e ordinateer jolngo lomtinaa.
Mbele miɗo foti yahde to safrirde walla to doktoor noppi so tawii noppi am ina njirloo no feewi caggal nde mbaɗ-mi airbag?¶
Oho. So tawii ɓoggi weeyo yeeso e banngeeji ɗii puɗɗiima e sahaa gooto e nder suudu udditirdu, ina mbaɗa ƴulɓe (wave impulse acoustique) hakkunde 160 e 178 desibel. Ndeeɗoo ɓuuɓol ina waawi saabaade ŋakkere nanɗe sensorineural ko juuti walla duumiinde, ŋakkere nanɗe duumotooɗe e noppi (tinnitus), ŋakkere vertigo, walla ŋakkere noppi ɓuuɓɗi. So tawii nanɗe maa ina ɓuuɓtoo walla noppi maa ina ɓuuɓtoo caggal nde njiyɗaa, ƴeewto-ɗaa doktoor noppi, hinere, e daande (ENT) walla doktoor cafroowo e nder waktuuji 24 haa 72, sibu safaara kortikosteroid ko yaawi caggal nde ɓuuɓri akustik ɓuuɓndi ina moƴƴina cellal ɓalli gaasa nder noppi.
Fuɗɗoode ƴeewtaama¶
- Njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal kisal laabi mawɗi (NHTSA) (Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Amerik): Mekanikuuji ƴellitgol Siistem Restriction Supplémentaire (SRS), Laabi ƴellitgol jaabtiiɗo gadano ("Kuulal 10-5-20"), e wasiyaaji Airbag fenaande.
- Centres de contrôle et de prévention des maladies (CDC) & NIOSH (Leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik): Profaayiiluuji gonɗi e ɓuuɓri sodium azide e alkaline e nder njuɓɓudi Airbag otooji.
- Akademi Ameriknaajo ko faati e gite (AAO): Njuɓɓudi keratitis kemikal alkali, ɓuuɓri korneel, e hifema traumatik.
- Koldaa Ameriknaajo toppitiiɗo jibinannde e rewɓe (ACOG) (Amerik): Trauma e nder reedu Laabi : ƴeewndo kardiyotokogaraafi ɓiɗɗo caggal nde Airbag ƴettaa.