Okugwa kw’omutendera gwa Escalator, Okukyusa obulagirizi obudduka, n’okukwatibwa kwa Comb-Plate¶

Escalators n’amakubo agatambula zitambuza enjegere z’amakolero ezizitowa ezivugibwa mmotoka z’amasannyalaze ezirina torque enkulu okuva ku kilowatts 7.5 okutuuka ku 30 (amaanyi ga mbalaasi 10 okutuuka ku 40), ezikoleddwa yinginiya okutambuza enkumi n’enkumi za kkiro z’obuzito bw’abasaabaze obutasalako ku luguudo lw’ekyuma. Obutafaananako kaabuyonjo ya lifuti enzigale ng’enzigi z’obukuumi zikuuma abavuzi okuva ku byuma ebitambula, amadaala galaga butereevu abasaabaze ku madaala g’ebyuma agatambula, emikwaso gya kapiira egy’okusikagana ennyo, ebipande bya sikaati eby’ebbali ebiyimiridde, n’ebipande ebisongovu ng’ebya aluminiyamu oba ekyuma ebikomo ku bifo waggulu ne wansi. Singa omwana azibikira mu ffumo omugonvu, bbuutu y’enkuba, omuguwa gw’engatto, oba ekkooti empanvu esimbulwa mu bbanga erya milimita 3 ku 5 (yinsi 0.12 ku 0.20) wakati w’omutendera ogutambula ne sikaati ey’ebbali oba wansi w’amannyo aga kyenvu aga comb-plate, mmotoka evuga eriko ggiya tejja kuyimirira; egenda mu maaso n’okusika ekitundu ekyo mu kyuma kino okutuusa nga switch y’obukuumi egwa oba omuntu amulaba n’akuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop.

Mu siteegi z’abayita, ebisaawe, n’ebifo eby’amaduuka, amadaala agalinnya agatikkiddwa ennyo nago gasobola okukutuka kw’olujegere lw’okuvuga oba buleeki enkulu okugwa, ne kifuula amadaala ne gafuuka ekintu ekiyitibwa gravity slide ekitaliiko buleeki ekisitula sipiidi emabega ne kituuma abavuzi mu ntuumu ku kifo we basimba wansi. Okulemererwa kw’enzimba ya aluminiyamu step rollers oba unbolted landing floor plates nakyo kiyinza okuggulawo ekituli butereevu waggulu wa spinning main drive gears munda mu kinnya kya truss ekya waggulu. Okumanya ekifo ekituufu we kiri wansi wa bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop wansi w’ebikondo bya newel eby’omu ngalo, engeri y’okunyweza n’okugogola ekitundu ekya wansi ekya pileup mu kiseera ky’okudda emabega ng’odduse, engeri y’okubuuka ku ddaala eribula oba landing plate ebadde esumuluddwa, n’engeri y’okutebenkeza ekigere ekimenyese kitaasa obulamu n’ebitundu by’omubiri. Laba ku ennamba z’amangu, . okukwatibwa amadaala n’obuvune mu kkubo eritambula, . embeera ez’amangu eza lifuti, era crowd crush ne stampede okuwonawo.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Ssamba oba kick button emmyufu Emergency Stop (E-Stop) ku landing waggulu oba wansi amangu ddala singa engatto, engoye, oba ekitundu ky’omuntu yenna kikwatibwa, oba singa eddaala lyatika oba buckles. Button esangibwa ku musingi ogw’omunda oba ogw’ebweru ogw’ekikondo kya balustrade newel (wansi ddala w’okukyuka kw’omukono gwa kapiira ogukoona) ku landings zombi eza waggulu n’eza wansi, oluusi wansi w’akaveera akatangaavu aka hingi (clear hinged plastic flip-cover) akakuba alamu y’ekitundu nga kisituddwa.
2. Luka "HOLD THE HANDRAIL" nga tonnanyiga bbaatuuni ya Emergency Stop singa tewali muntu yenna asimbulwa mu byuma. Okuyimiriza amadaala agatikkiddwa ennyo mu ngeri ey'ekikangabwa ng'oyita mu E-Stop ey'amasannyalaze kikwata buleeki ya service enkulu mu 0.3 ku 0.9 mita (1 ku 3 feet) okuva ku ntambula, eyinza okusuula abasaabaze abakadde abatalina bugumu mu maaso wansi ku ddaala ly'ekyuma abasituka.
3. Ssala engoye ezisibye, emiguwa, oba emiguwa gy’engatto amangu ddala n’ebisala ebikutte oba ekiso ky’omu nsawo, oba okuserengesa ekigere okuva mu kizibiti oba bbuutu ya kapiira ekwatiddwa singa ebyuma bikyatambula. Tozingangako mikono gyo ku muguwa ogusika oba okugezaako okusika engatto ezisibye butereevu emabega okuva mu ssowaani y’ekikomo ng’olujegere lw’okuvuga lunyigirizibwa; sala olugoye nga telulinamu oba serengesa ekigere ekitaliiko kintu kyonna okuva mu ngatto ng’obugere tebunnatuuka ku mannyo g’ekikomo.
4. Singa eddaala eririnnya lisiinda mangu, ne kankankana, ne lidda emabega obulagirizi okudda wansi, kwata bulungi emiguwa gyombi egya kapiira, simba ebigere byo nga bigazi okubuna amadaala abiri, era weesigame emabega katono. Bw’omala okutuuka ku landing eya wansi, vault oba scramble sideways over the balustrade or far away from the exit comb plate inmediately so you are not buried and... okuziyira wansi w’entuumu y’abavuzi ekulukuta nga baseerera wansi emabega wo; laba crowd crush ne stampede okuwonawo.
5. Bw’olaba ekituli ky’amadaala ekikutuse, ekiserengese, oba ekibula nga kigenda mu kifo we kigenda okukka, buuka ku pulati yonna ey’ekyuma ekikka wansi ku wansi w’ekizimbe ekigumu ekya concourse floor. Omutendera ogumenyese bwe gutomeragana n’ekipande ky’okuddaabiriza eky’okungulu oba ekya wansi, okukuba kutera okukuba pulati z’okuddaabiriza ez’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse eziyimiridde waggulu, n’esuula omuntu yenna ayimiridde ku pulati ezo butereevu mu kizimbulukusa ekitakuumibwa okuvuga ggiya munda mu kinnya kya truss.
6. Kuba ennamba yo ey’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, 999 mu Bungereza) era osabe ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro Heavy Technical Rescue. Tolekangako bakuumi ba mall oba abakozi abatatendekeddwa kuddaabiriza kuvuga ku kigere ekikwatiddwa nga balina crowbar oba okudduka mmotoka y’amadaala mu mugongo; okusumulula ekitundu ekizibiddwa wakati wa aluminiyamu step riser ne steel skirt panel kyetaagisa hydraulic spreaders ne step-chain tension release; kebera ennamba z’amangu era okunyiga obuvune n’obulwadde bw’ekisenge.

Omuti gw’okusalawo: escalator ebyuma eby’amangu n’okuddamu okukwatibwa¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Escalator oba Moving Walkway Emergency"] --> HazardType{"Okulemererwa kw’ebyuma oba obuvune ki obugenda mu maaso?"}
    HazardType -->|"Engatto, Engalo oba Engoye Ezikwatiddwa mu Comb Plate oba Side Skirt"| Entrapment["1. Kuba button emmyufu Emergency Stop waggulu oba wansi landing newel post; 2. Sala engoye ezinywezeddwa oba okusereba ekigere eky’obwereere okuva mu ngatto ekwatiddwa amangu ddala; 3. TOSIKA n’amaanyi ku bigere ebisibiddwa oba jog motor mu reverse; 4. Kuba 911 / 112 / 999 ku Fire Heavy Rescue ng’olina ebyuma ebibunyisa amazzi"]
    HazardType -->|"Escalator Ezza Amangu Obulagirizi oba Eyanguwa Okudda Wansi"| Runaway["1. TOGEZAAKO kudduka ku ddaala eridda emabega amangu; 2. Kwata bulungi emiguwa gyombi, ogaziye ennyiriri, era osibe okusobola okukuba wansi; 3. Bw’oba ​​okumpi wansi, buuka mangu era ogende mmita 5 (fuuti 16) ku mabbali; 4. Sika abavuzi abagudde mu mabbali okuva mu kitundu ekya wansi ekya comb-plate pileup zone"]
    HazardType -->|"Step Buckles, Missing Step Gap Kirabika, oba Okusenya Ekyuma Oluyoogaano"| StepCollapse["1. Kuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop n’okuba enduulu ng’abavuzi balekere awo okutambula; 2. Limbira ku madaala agaliraanyewo agataliiko kamogo oba kwata emikono ku bikondo eby’ebbali; 3. TOLINGIRA ku bipande by’ebyuma wansi ku ttaka waggulu oba wansi; 4. Vault clearly clear ku kizimbe ekigumu seminti wansi"]
    Entrapment --> Medical["Fuga omusaayi mu misuwa ng’okozesa tourniquet oba pressure direct era ojjanjabe ku shock"]
    Runaway --> Medical
    StepCollapse --> Medical

Anatomy y’amadaala n’okuzuula bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop¶

Lwaki abalaba balemererwa okuyimiriza amadaala mu budde¶

Mu kiseera ky’okusiba amadaala oba okulemererwa kw’ebyuma, buli sikonda y’okutambula kw’amaddaala okugenda mu maaso esika nga ** mita 0.5 (fuuti 1.6)** ez’ebyuma ebiyitibwa cleats by’amadaala okubuna ekitundu ky’omugenzi ekikwatiddwa. Ebifaananyi eby’okulondoola obubenje bw’amadaala biraga nti abalaba batera okufiirwa sekondi 10 ku 30 nga batunuulira ebisenge nga banoonya switch kubanga tebamanyi wa bbaatuuni y’okuyimirira.

Okusinziira ku nkola y’ensi yonna ey’obukuumi (ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 mu North America ne EN 115 okwetoloola Bulaaya, Bungereza, ne Asia-Pacific), buli ddaala ery’olukale n’ekkubo erigenda mu maaso lirina waakiri switch bbiri ezituukirirwa ebweru, emmyufu eza Emergency Stop: emu ku ddaala erya waggulu ate endala eri wansi.

Ebifo ebituufu ebirabika ebya bbaatuuni ya Emergency Stop (E-Stop).¶

Tunuulira mu kimu ku bifo bino ebisatu ebituufu ku nkomerero y’okuyingira n’okufuluma ku ddaala:

1. Lower front curve of the balustrade newel post (esinga okumanyibwa): Yimirirako ng’otunudde mu mulyango oguyingira oba ogufuluma mu ddaala. Tunuulira wansi ku nkomerero y’omuguwa ogw’omu ngalo (the newel) eriko enkokola ku buwanvu nga okuva ku maviivi okutuuka mu kiwato, sentimita 30 ku 90 (yinsi 12 ku 36) waggulu wa wansi. Butaamu emmyufu eyingizibwa mu faceplate ey’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse wansi w’ennyindo ekyusa omuguwa gw’omukono ogwa kapiira oba ku ludda olwa ddyo ng’otunudde mu madaala.
2. Munda mu nnyumba eyakaayakana eya flip-cover etangaavu: Abakulira entambula bangi babikka button emmyufu n'ekibikka ekitangaavu ekya polycarbonate hinged lid ekiwandiikiddwako "EMERGENCY STOP - LIFT COVER TO PUSH BUTTON." Okusitula ekibikka kino eky'akaveera kivaako siren ewuuma mu kitundu okuziyiza okukyusakyusa, naye okusitula ekibikka kyokka TEKIyimiriza escalator. Olina okukyusa ekibikka ekitangaavu waggulu n'onyiga button ya mushroom emmyufu n'amaanyi munda** okutuusa nga contactor y'amasannyalaze egwa.
3. Top deck oba auxiliary pedestal post ku siteegi z’entambula ennyingi: Mu siteegi z’oluguudo lwa metro oluwanvu wansi w’ettaka, bollard endala eyimiridde waggulu okutuuka mu kiwato oba button emmyufu essiddwa waggulu ku balustrade decking ku mabbali g’omulyango oguyingira mu ngalo etuwa okulabika waggulu w’abantu abangi.

Comb-plate ne side-skirt entrapment: lwaki engatto ennyogovu n’engoye ezitambula zisimbulwa mu¶

Makanika w’ebifo ebibiri ebisookerwako eby’okunyiga¶

Ebitundu ebisukka mu 90 ku buli 100 eby’okutemebwako amadaala, obuvune obw’okuggyako ggalavu, n’okumenya ebigere okw’amaanyi bibaawo ku bifo bibiri eby’enjawulo (geometric interfaces) ng’amadaala ga aluminiyamu agatambula gayita mu milimita okuva ku kizimbe ky’ekyuma ekiyimiridde:

1. Ekituli ekiri ku mabbali ne sikaati (omutego okuva ku ddaala okutuuka ku sikaati) .¶

Buli ddaala ly’amadaala bwe ligenda waggulu oba wansi ku nserengeto, emimwa gyayo egya kkono ne ddyo giyita ku mabbali g’ekipande ky’ekyuma ekiyimiridde ekiyimiridde ekiyitibwa skirt board. Koodi z’okuzimba zeetaaga ekituli ekiwanvu wakati w’empenda y’amadaala etambula ne sikaati eyimiridde obutaba kigazi okusinga milimita 4 ku 5 (yinsi 0.16 ku 0.20), naye emigugu emizito egy’abasaabaze n’ebiwujjo by’amadaala ebya nayirooni ebyambala bisobozesa amadaala okukyuka ku mabbali. Nga omutendera gusemberera ekikoona ky’enkyukakyuka ekipapajjo ku kifo eky’okukka waggulu oba wansi, ffeesi eyeesimbye (riser) y’omutendera ogwa waggulu esereba wansi okuyita ku kigere eky’okwebungulula eky’omutendera ogwa wansi, ne kikola ekitundu ky’okusala ekisika wansi ku mabbali ga sikaati.

2. Ekipande ky’ekikomo eky’okungulu n’ekya wansi (omutego okuva ku mutendera okutuuka ku kikomo) .¶

Ku kukka kwombi, ebisenge ebiriko emiwaatwa eby’amadaala ga aluminiyamu agatambula biyita wansi w’olunyiriri oluyimiridde olw’amannyo g’ekyuma oba amannyo ga polimeeri aga kyenvu agatali gakyukakyuka agayitibwa comb plate, agakola ng’ekyuma ekikuba ebigere okuserengesa ebigere by’abasaabaze okuva ku madaala agatambula okutuuka wansi w’okukka wansi. Singa erinnyo lyonna ku pulati y’ekikomo limenyeka oba nga lifukamidde waggulu, oba singa ekintu ekigonvu kiseeyeeya wansi w’omukutu gw’amadaala mu kifo ky’okuvuga waggulu ku kkubo ly’ekikomo, livugibwa butereevu mu 1.5-to-3-millimeter (0.06-to-0.12-inch) meshing interface.

Lwaki ebizibiti bya foam (Crocs), engatto z’enkuba eza kapiira ennyogovu, n’emiguwa egy’okusika bya bulabe mu ngeri ey’enjawulo¶

Engatto enkalu ez’amaliba oba enkampa ezikalu zirina ensonda enkalu eziseeyeeya obulungi ku sikaati y’ekyuma ekiyimiridde ku mabbali era nga zivuga mangu okulinnya amannyo agaliko enkoona aga comb-plate. Okwawukanako n’ekyo, ebika by’engatto n’engoye bisatu bye bisinga obungi ku buvune obuva ku madaala:

• Soft ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resin foam clogs (nga Crocs) ne gummy rubber rain boots (wellingtons): Soft EVA foam ne thin vulcanized rubber zirina omugerageranyo gwa waggulu nnyo ogw’okusikagana ku kyuma ekisiimuuddwa ne aluminiyamu, nga bigattiddwa wamu n’obuziyiza kumpi zero okunyiga. Omwana bw’asiimuula oludda lw’ekizibiti ekigonvu ekya foam oba bbuutu y’enkuba ku sikaati y’ebbali eyimiridde, okusikagana kukwata engatto eriko ebikuta, n’ezinga ekibokisi ky’engalo ennyogovu munda, n’anuuna engatto yonna, awamu n’obugere bw’omwana n’ebigere eby’omu maaso, wansi mu bbanga erya milimita 4 (yinsi 0.16) wakati w’amadaala ne sikaati oba wansi w’ebbaati ly’ekikomo.
• Emiguwa gy’engatto egy’okuwanirira, emiguwa egy’okusiba hoodie, n’emiguwa gy’omu mugongo: Omuguwa gw’engatto ogutasibiddwa gugalamira nga guwanvu munda mu bifo ebifunda ebyesimbye (cleats) eby’omutendera gw’okutambula. Olw’okuba layisi etuula wansi waggulu w’ebisenge, amannyo aga comb-plate tegasobola kugisitula ku landing; mu kifo ky’ekyo, layisi eyita ku mannyo g’ekikomo n’ezinga ekisiki ky’olujegere lw’amaddaala ekikyukakyuka wansi, n’enyweza engatto ku ssowaani y’ekikomo oba n’esika engalo n’ensingo z’omwana afukamidde wansi ku mannyo ag’ekyuma.
• Ssikaati empanvu ezikulukuta, abayas, saris, maxi dresses, n’empale ez’amagulu amagazi: Emisinde egy’emabega egisiimuula ensalosalo ya kyenvu ey’omutendera gifuna pinched wakati wa vertical riser y’omutendera ogumu n’omutendera ogw’okwebungulula ogw’omutendera oguliraanyewo ng’amadaala gafuumuuka ku landing.

Okununula omutendera ku mutendera n’obujjanjabi bw’okusiba mu ssowaani oba sikaati ey’oku mabbali¶

Omutendera 1: Okukebera amangu okuyimirira n‟okuggyamu (Sikondi 10 ezisooka) .¶

1. Kuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop amangu ddala: Motor drive bw’emala okuyimirira, mechanical pinch ekoma okugenda mu maaso.
2. Singa olugoye oba omuguwa gw’engatto gusibye naye ng’ekitundu ky’omubiri tekinnaba munda mu bbanga ly’ekyuma, kisale mangu: Kozesa ebisero by’obuvune, akasero akagumu, oba ekiso eky’omu nsawo (ekisala ewala okuva ku lususu lw’omuntu ayisiddwa) okusala omuguwa gw’engatto ogusibye, omuguwa ogusika, okugulu kw’empale, oba omusipi gw’ekkanzu nga tannaddamu kutandika yuniti mu butanwa.
3. Singa engatto ennyogovu esimbye mu sikaati ey’ebbali oba mu ssowaani y’ekikomo, kebera oba ekisinziiro kisobola okuseerera okuvaamu: Singa ekibokisi ky’engalo kya kapiira kyokka ekya clog oba bbuutu y’enkuba enyigiddwa era nga n’amadaala gayimiridde, sumulula mpola oba sumulula zipu ya bbuutu olabe oba ekigere ky’omuntu abadde kikubiddwa kisobola okuseeyeeya obulungi okudda emabega okuva mu ngatto awatali maanyi, n’oleka engatto ekwatiddwa emabega mu kyuma.
4. TOSIKA n’amaanyi ku kigere, omukono oba engalo ekwatiddwa: Singa engalo, engalo, oba amagumba g’enkizi ganyigirizibwa munda mu bbanga lya sikaati ey’ekyuma oba nga gazibikira wansi w’amannyo ag’enkoona ag’ebbaati ly’ekikomo, okusika emabega kireetera amannyo ag’omutendera gwa aluminiyamu amasongovu n’amannyo g’ekikomo okukola ng’ebbaafu ey’oludda olumu, ne gaggyako olususu n’ennywanto okuva ku ggumba (a degloving injury) oba okumenya ebitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa metatarsals.

Omutendera 2: Okuwagira oyo eyakoseddwa ng’alindirira Fire Heavy Rescue¶

1. Mukkakkamu era owagire omuntu ayisiddwa ku madaala mu mubiri: Pad wansi w’amaviivi, ebisambi, n’omubiri gw’omuntu ayisiddwa obubi nga olina obukooti obuzingiddwa obuzito bw’omubiri gwe ne buleme torque enkizi ekwatiddwa.
2. Teeka omulabi ku buttons zombi eza Emergency Stop ne key switch: Lemesa abatamanyi ku nkomerero ya escalator okuddamu okuteekawo stop switch oba okuyingiza ekisumuluzo kya start okutuusa ng’abazinya mwoto basibye main breaker.
3. Yamba ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro okuggyamu eby’ekikugu mu kununula: Abazinya mwoto basumulula ekitundu kya comb-plate ekiggyibwamu, baggyawo amadaala ga aluminiyamu agaliraanyewo, oba bateekamu ekyuma ekibunyisa amazzi wakati w’eddaala ne sikaati y’oludda olw’ekyuma okukaka ekituli 25-to-50-millimeter (1-to-2-inch) gap, ne basumulula ekigere ekibetenteddwa ku bbali.
4. Fuga omusaayi n’okukuuma ebitundu ebisaliddwako: Siiga puleesa ennywevu butereevu ne gaasi ataliimu buwuka ku biwundu ebivaamu omusaayi, oba teeka ekyuma ekikuba empewo eky’ettunzi sentimita 5 ku 7 (yinsi 2 ku 3) waggulu w’enkizi oba engalo singa omusuwa guba gufuumuuka; laba okuvaamu omusaayi ogw’amaanyi. Zingira digito zonna ezisaliddwako mu gaasi ataliimu buwuka ng’ennyogozeddwako katono n’amazzi ag’omunnyo oba amayonjo, ozisibe mu kaveera akakalu, era ensawo eyo ogitenge ku bbaafu ya ice n’amazzi.

Runaway direction reversal ku madaala agalinnya agatikkiddwa ennyo¶

Fizikisi y’okudda emabega okudduka mu madaala¶

Akabenje k’amadaala agadduka kabaawo kumpi ku amadaala agalinnya agatikkiddwa ennyo mu siteegi z’eggaali y’omukka, ebifo eby’eggaali y’omukka, n’ebisaawe byokka. Munda mu kinnya ky’ekyuma ekya waggulu, mmotoka y’amasannyalaze evuga sprocket enkulu eya step-chain enkulu okuyita mu ggiyabox oba heavy roller chain, ate nga primary service brake etera okuteekebwa ku motor shaft. Emitendera ebiri egy’okulemererwa gireetera amadaala agalinnya agajjudde abasaabaze okudda emabega mu bwangu:

1. Okukutuka kw’olujegere lw’okuvuga oba okusala ggiya: Singa olujegere olukulu oluvuga roller lukutuka oba amannyo ga ggiya gasituka wansi w’emigugu eminene egy’abasaabaze, mmotoka y’amasannyalaze ne buleeki yaayo essiddwa ku mmotoka bikutulwa ku madaala g’omusaabaze. Okuggyako nga buleeki ya main-shaft ey’obuyambi esimbye butereevu ku sprocket y’omutendera ogwa waggulu, tewali kikwata lujegere lwa ddaala waggulu.
2. Service brake lining slip: Singa abasaabaze bangi nnyo banyiganyiga ku ddaala eririnnya omulundi gumu, okusika kw’omugugu okudda wansi kusinga ttooki ya mmotoka oba okuseerera okuyita ku ngatto za buleeki ezambala, ezirimu amafuta.

Oluvannyuma lw’okuvuga okudda waggulu okulemererwa, amaanyi ag’ekisikirize gakyusa amadaala ne gafuuka ekyuma ekitambuza ebyuma ekizitowa kkiro 5,000 ku 10,000 (pawundi 11,000 okutuuka ku 22,000) ez’abasaabaze. Mu sikonda 2 ku 3, emitendera giyimirira, ne gidda emabega okudda wansi, ne gisitula mangu okutuuka ku mita 1.5 ku 2.5 buli sikonda (fuuti 5 ku 8 buli sikonda).

Ebikolwa by'okuwonawo mu kiseera ky'okudda emabega amadaala agadduse¶

Bw’oba ovuga amadaala agalinnya n’owulira nga gakankana, kendeeza ku sipiidi oba otandika okuyiringisibwa emabega:

1. TOGEZAAKO kudduka ku madaala okuggyako ng’oli mu ddaala limu okuva ku pulati y’ekikomo eky’okungulu: Okugezaako okudduka waggulu ng’ovuganya n’amadaala agasitula sipiidi wansi ku sipiidi ya mita 2 buli sikonda (fuuti 6.5 buli sikonda) kikusuula okuva ku bbalansi ng’osooka omutwe ku mbiriizi z’amadaala ag’ekyuma ekisongovu.
2. Bw’oba ​​oli kumpi n’ekifo we basimba wansi ng’okudda emabega kutandise, buuka mangu ogende ku mabbali: Mu sikonda ntono, omuzira gw’abantu ogw’abasaabaze gujja kugobwa okuva mu pulati y’ekikomo eya wansi ku sipiidi ya waggulu.
3. Bw'oba oli wakati mu nnyonyi era nga tosobola kufuluma, kwata Escalator Brace Position:
4. Kwata emiguwa gyombi egya kapiira n'amaanyi g'omukono agasinga.
5. Simba ebigere byo nga byawukanye ku madaala abiri ag’enjawulo okukola omusingi ogunywevu okuva mu maaso okudda emabega oleme kugwa emabega ku kikoona ky’enkyukakyuka ekya wansi.
6. Kuuma amaviivi go nga gafukamidde katono era otuuke ekirevu wansi ng’onyweza emikono gyo egy’omu maaso singa abavuzi waggulu bagwa mu mugongo.
7. Okugogola ekitundu kya wansi landing pileup mu bwangu:
8. Abavuzi abasooka bwe bakuba wansi ne bagwa, conveyor eriisa emirambo emirala amakumi butereevu waggulu waabwe, ne kikola crush pile **crush pile 1.5 ku 2.5 mita (5 ku 8 feet) deep ate nga metal step cleats zisena wansi wa bottom layer of victims.
9. Amangu ebigere byo we bituuka mu kitundu eky’enkyukakyuka ekya wansi, wuuba mu maaso oba ku mabbali ku ntuumu egudde oba okwekulukuunya ku mabbali ku balustrade era n’osikambula okuva mu kifo ekifuluma.
10. Kwata abasaabaze abagudde ku bibegabega oba engalo basika ebbali okuva mu kkubo erikulukuta abavuzi abakka emabega waabwe babeere n’ekifo ekiggule we bayinza okukka; laba crowd crush ne stampede okuwonawo.

Okugwa kw’amadaala, okulemererwa kw’embaawo z’oku wansi, n’emitego gya truss-pit egy’okuggulawo¶

Engeri omutendera ogumenyese gye gufuula landing plate okufuuka omutego¶

Buli ddaala ly’amadaala libeera lya ‘die-cast aluminium bracket’ nga yeekulukuunya ku nnamuziga nnya eza polyurethane nga ziyita ku luguudo lw’ekyuma munda mu truss. Okukoowa kw’ebyuma, okukulukuta kw’omunnyo gw’oku luguudo, oba ebifunfugu mu luguudo bisobola okwatika omukono oguwanirira amadaala oba okumenyaamenya ekiwujjo, ne kireetawo obulabe bubiri obuddiriŋŋana:

1. The mid-flight void: Ekituli eky’enjuyi ennya kigguka wakati w’amadaala, ne kibikkula emiggo gya aksii egy’olujegere lw’amadaala. Singa ekigere kigwa nga kiyita mu ddaala erigudde wakati mu kubuuka, omutendera ogutambula gutwala ekigere ekikwatiddwa nga kigenda ku pulati y’ekikomo eyimiridde ng’okusala.
2. The landing floor-plate pop-up: Omutendera ogusibye oba ogulengejja bwe gutuuka ku landing, gukuba nnyo mu bbugumu ly’ekyuma ekigumu erya comb-plate. Ku yuniti nga ebipande ebiyingira mu ttaka ebya rectangular stainless-steel bikwatibwa wansi olw’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize oba sikulaapu ezikulukuta zokka, okutomeragana okwo kukuba ekipande ky’ekikomo waggulu ne kikuba pulati z’ebyuma wansi okuva mu fuleemu yazo, ne kisuula omuntu yenna ayimiriddeko butereevu mu ggiya z’ente ennume ezikulukuta ezikulukuta munda mu kinnya ky’ekyuma ekya waggulu.

Okununula okuva ku ddaala eryagudde oba ekinnya ekiggule eky’okukka¶

1. Kuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop nga tonnakwata ku muntu akubwa: Main drive sprockets munda mu kinnya eky’okungulu zikyukakyuka n’amaanyi agamala okusika omudduukirize mu singa motor eba ekyalina amaanyi.
2. Sika omuvuzi akwatiddwa ku pulati y’okukka wansi emabega ng’ekyuma kimaze okufa: Weenyweze wansi w’ekizimbe ekigumu (tokoma ku pulati z’ebyuma ezisigaddewo) era osika omugenzi waggulu ng’okwata enkwaso oba omusipi.
3. Ggala ekyuma ekimenya amasannyalaze ekikulu mu kisenge ky’ebyuma: Lagira bayinginiya b’ebizimbe oba abazinya mwoto okusuula circuit breaker enkulu eya phase ssatu ku OFF (Lockout/Tagout).

Obuyambi obusookerwako ku buvune ku ddaala: degloving, crush, ne step-cleat lacerations¶

Okujjanjaba ebiwujjo ebya aluminiyamu ebisongovu ng’omutendera ogw’okusala¶

Emitendera gya escalator gisuulibwa n’embavu enzito era enfunda ezeesimbye (cleats) ezikoleddwa okukwatagana ne comb plate. Okugwa wansi ku ddaala kitera okuvaamu enviiri enzito, ezikwatagana, eziriko ebiwujjo okubuna ebisambi, amaviivi, emikono egy’omu maaso, ekyenyi, n’olususu lw’oku mutwe ebisala butereevu wansi okutuuka ku ggumba:

• Fuga omusaayi nga okozesa puleesa ya gaasi ennywevu era empanvu: Togezaako kulonda bitundutundu bya giriisi ya escalator omuddugavu oba ekikuta kya aluminiyamu okuva mu kisambi ekiwanvu oba ekituli ky’olususu lw’oku mutwe mu kifo. Teeka paadi za gaasi enzito ezitaliimu buwuka nga zipapajjo ku bitundu ebisaliddwa ebikwatagana era obizinge bulungi n’ekyuma ekiyitibwa elastic roller bandage; okulaba okuvaamu omusaayi ogw’amaanyi.
• Okutebenkeza obuvune obuteeberezebwa okuba obw’omugongo n’omutwe: Abasaabaze abasuulibwa emabega wansi ku ddaala nga buleeki eyimiridde mu bwangu oba ng’edduka okudda emabega batera okukuba omusingi gw’ekiwanga oba omugongo gwa nnabaana ku mbiriizi z’amadaala amasongovu. Singa omusaabaze agudde ku landing eya wansi alina obulumi mu bulago, okutabulwa, okuzirika mu bitundu by’omubiri, oba okubulwa okutegeera, sooka okakasizza nti eddaala eriyimiridde, olwo otebenkeze omutwe n’ensingo mu ngalo nga bikwatagana n’omubiri gwe nga tobikyusizza okuggyako ng’olina okubisika ku mabbali okuva mu ntuumu y’omuntu ekola; laba obuvune ku mutwe era obuvune ku mugongo.
• Bikka emisuwa n’amagumba ebirabika n’ebizigo eby’omunnyo ebitaliimu buwuka: Singa engatto ya kapiira n’olususu biba biggyiddwa ku kigere (degloving), bikkako ekitundu ekibisi mpola ne gaasi ataliimu buwuka afukiddwako omunnyo ogwa bulijjo ogutaliimu buwuka (oba amazzi amayonjo ag’omu ccupa) era obizinge katono ne padding enkalu ennene. Tosalakoko kifuba kya lususu ekikyasibye n’omutala gw’ebitundu by’omubiri; giteeke mpola emabega ku kitanda ky’ebiwundu waggulu wa gaasi omunnyogovu. Togezaako kugolola kisambi ekikyuse oba ekigere eky’omu maaso ekinywezeddwa; paadi okwetooloola ekigere ekilema n’obutambaala obuzingiddwa; laba amagumba agamenyese era okukankana.

Ennamba z’embeera ez’amangu mu bitundu n’ebiragiro by’ebitongole¶

Bw’oba ​​oyita okuyambibwa mu kiseera ky’okusiba amadaala, okugwa kw’amadaala, oba okudda emabega ng’adduka ng’omuntu abangi, bulijjo gamba nti "Omuntu asibiddwa mu makanika mu madaala, sindika ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro Heavy Technical Rescue" kale abasindika basindika ebyuma ebifulumya amazzi ku mabbali g’abajjanjabi abasookerwako. Laba ennamba z’amangu ku ndagiriro z’ensi yonna.

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Butaamu emmyufu eya Emergency Stop eri ludda wa ku ddaala, era okuginyiga ejja kusuula abasaabaze wansi ku madaala?¶

Ku buli ddaala erituukana n’enkola n’ekkubo erigenda mu maaso, bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop eteekebwa ku bifo byombi eby’okuyimirira waggulu n’ebya wansi ku ludda olwa wansi mu maaso oba olw’omunda olw’ekikondo kya newel eky’omuggo gw’omu ngalo, nga sentimita 30 ku 90 (yinsi 12 ku 36) waggulu wansi (oluusi emabega w’ekibikka ekitangaavu ekiriko hinged ekiwuuma nga kiwaniriddwa). Okunyiga bbaatuuni eno esala amaanyi mu mmotoka evuga n’ekwata ku buleeki ya saaviisi, ekireetera amadaala okuyimirira obulungi mu mita 0.3 ku 0.9 (fuuti 1 ku 3) ez’okutambula. Tonyigangako bbaatuuni ng’eky’okusaaga oba okuggya ebintu ebigudde, wabula ginyige awatali kulonzalonza singa engatto, ekyambalo oba ekitundu ky’omubiri kikwatibwa oba omuntu bw’agwa ng’ayolekera essowaani y’ekikomo.

Lwaki ebizigo ebigonvu ebiyitibwa foam clogs nga Crocs ne rubber rain boots bitera nnyo okusonseka mu ddaala okusinga engatto ez’amaliba oba enkampa?¶

Engatto ezikaluba ez’amaliba n’enkampa eza bulijjo zirina enkokola ezikaluba ebweru ate nga tezisika nnyo ku kyuma, n’olwekyo ziseeyeeya awatali bulabe ku sikaati y’ekyuma eyimiridde ku mabbali oba amannyo agaliko enkoona. Soft EVA foam clogs ne flexible rubber rain boots bigatta high surface grip (stiction) ku kyuma nga structural stiffness entono nnyo. Omwana bw’asika oludda oba ekigere ky’engatto ya foam ennyogovu ku sikaati y’ebbali eyimiridde, okusikagana kukwata kapiira akalimu ebikuta, n’ezinga ekibokisi ky’engalo ennyogovu nga kipapajjo, n’asika engatto n’engalo z’omwana mu bbanga erya milimita 4 (yinsi 0.16) wakati w’omutendera ogutambula n’ekipande kya sikaati eky’ekyuma.

Kiba kya bulabe okulinnya oba okukka ku ddaala eritaliiko kye liyimiridde era nga lizibiddwa ne kkooni eza kyenvu?¶

Okutambulira ku ddaala eriyimiridde nga libadde lizibikira okuddaabirizibwa kya bulabe olw’ensonga bbiri. Ekisooka, singa amadaala gakwatibwa buleeki ya mmotoka yokka eyambala oba ng’ekola omulimu gw’okuvuga nga temulina bizibiti bya madaala bya makanika, obuzito bw’abatembeeyi abatambulira ku madaala busobola okuvvuunuka okusikagana okutambula (static friction) okwa ggiya y’okuvuga ne kireetera amadaala okuyiringisibwa emabega awatali kulabula. Ekyokubiri, ebyuma ebisitula amadaala mu ngeri ey’okwesimbye biba sentimita 20 ku 24 (yinsi 8 ku 9.5) obuwanvu, nga biwanvu okusinga amadaala g’ebizimbe aga bulijjo, ekireeta akabi ak’amaanyi ak’okutambula ku cleats za aluminiyamu ensongovu. Bulijjo kozesa amadaala g’ekizimbe agatali gakyukakyuka oba lifuti ng’amadaala galiko kkooni.

Lwaki makanika w’ekizimbe tasaanidde kuzza mabega katono mmotoka ya ddaala okusobola okudda emabega ekigere ky’omwana akwatiddwa okuva mu ssowaani y’ekikomo?¶

Enjegere za ‘escalator step chains’ ne ggiya ezivuga zirina ‘mechanical slack’ (backlash), ate omutendera ogubadde gusibye ku kigere munda mu comb plate oba side skirt gufukamidde dda nga tegukwatagana. Singa makanika assa amaanyi mu mmotoka y’amasannyalaze eya ‘high-torque’ mu ngeri ey’okudda emabega, ebisiba ebiyitibwa ‘cocked aluminium step cleats’ bikyuka mu vertikal oba okunyiga ennyo ku mannyo g’ekikomo agayimiridde nga tebinnaba kudda mabega, ne bisala okuyita mu bigere ebibetenteddwa oba okuggyamu olususu n’emisuwa ku ggumba. Abadduukirize b’ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro bokka abakozesa ebisumuluzo eby’omu ngalo n’ebisaasaanya amazzi oluvannyuma lw’amasannyalaze okuggalwa ddala be balina okusumulula ekitundu ky’omubiri ekikwatiddwa.

Kiki ekivaako amadaala agalinnya okudda emabega mu bwangu ne gasitula sipiidi okudda emabega, era lwaki bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop tegiyimiriza?¶

Okukyusa obulagirizi bw’okudduka kubaawo nga eddaala eririnnya litikkiddwa nnyo abasaabaze era oba buleeki ya service enkulu eseerera oba olujegere lwa roller drive oluyunga mmotoka y’amasannyalaze ku sprocket y’omutendera ogwa waggulu n’ekutuka. Ku madaala amakadde agatalina buleeki ya makanika eyamba essiddwa butereevu ku sprocket enkulu ey’amadaala aga waggulu, olujegere oluvuga olumenyese luggyako amadaala g’omusaabaze ku mmotoka ne buleeki yaayo. Olw’okuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop esala amaanyi gokka ku mmotoka n’ekwata ku buleeki ya mmotoka, okunyiga bbaatuuni tekisobola kuyimiriza mitendera ng’olujegere lw’okuvuga olw’omubiri lumenyese; gravity esika amadaala agatikkiddwa emabega okutuusa obuzito lwe butuuka wansi.

Ekitabo kino kiwa enkola z’okuwona n’okulumwa obuvune mu mbeera ez’amangu ez’amadaala era tekidda mu kifo ky’okutendekebwa mu by’obujjanjabi. Lowooza ku ky’okumaliriza omusomo gw’obujjanjabi obusookerwako, CPR, ne Stop the Bleed tourniquet ng’oyita mu Red Cross, St John Ambulance, oba obujjanjabi obw’amangu obw’omu kitundu kyo.

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Okukwatibwa kwa escalator n’obuvune mu kkubo eritambula
• Embeera ez’amangu ku lifuti
• Crowd crush ne stampede okuwonawo
• Okuvaamu omusaayi omungi
• Obuvune mu kunyiga n’obulwadde bw’ekisenge

Ensonda n’obulagirizi obutongole¶

• Ekibiina kya bayinginiya b’ebyuma mu Amerika (ASME, Amerika) & CSA Group (Canada): ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 Enkola y’obukuumi ku lifuti ne Escalators
• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, United States): Okulabula kw’obukuumi bw’olukale ku bulabe bw’okusiba escalator obuzingiramu engatto za resin ennyogovu, emiguwa, n’obugaali
• Akakiiko ka Bulaaya akakola ku mutindo (CEN, European Union) & British Standards Institution (BSI, United Kingdom): EN 115-1 Obukuumi bwa Escalators n’okutambula okutambula: Okuzimba n’okussaawo
• Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu n’obukuumi (HSE, United Kingdom): Okukozesa Escalators n’Ekkubo eritambula mu bifo eby’olukale n’eby’obusuubuzi (Ebiragiro ebikwata ku mirimu gy’okusitula n’ebyuma ebisitula / Obulagirizi bwa PUWER)
• National Livator Industry, Inc. (NEII, United States) & Lifuti Escalator Safety Foundation (EESF): Ekitabo ky'ebyekikugu eky'okuggyamu escalator eyasooka okuddamu n'okuggala/okuziyiza