Okuwona musisi oluvannyuma lw’okukankana, Okukebera Structural Tag, n’okuddamu okuyingira mu ngeri ey’obukuumi¶

Enkomerero y’okukankana kw’ettaka okwa mainshock entandikwa yokka ey’embeera ey’amangu eya musisi. Buli musisi ow’ekigero okutuuka ku munene agobererwa amakumi okutuuka ku nkumi n’enkumi za aftershocks, nga zino ze kukutuka kw’ensobi ez’okubiri ezitandikibwawo nga situleesi eddamu okusaasaana okuyita mu nnyonyi y’ensobi eyakutuka n’ensobi z’ekibumba eziriraanyewo. Nga frequency y’okukankana oluvannyuma lw’okuvunda okumala ekiseera okusinziira ku Etteeka lya Omori (\(n(t) = K / (t + c)^p\)), ensisi ez’oluvannyuma ssekinnoomu zitera okutuuka ku bunene 1.1 ku yuniti 1.2 zokka obutono okusinga ensisi enkulu (Etteeka lya Båth), ekitegeeza nti ensisi enkulu eya Magnitude 7.2 etera okuvaamu Magnitude 6.0 okutuuka ku 6.1 aftershock oluvannyuma lw’eddakiika, essaawa, oba ennaku, era nga ebitundu 5 ku 6 ku buli 100 ebya musisi omunene afuuka foreshock eri mainshock esingako awo mu ssaawa 72. Olw’okuba musisi eyasooka yayatika dda ebisenge ebisala, n’avaamu ebyuma ebiweta, empagi za seminti eza spalled, n’ebisenge by’amabaati ebisumuluddwa (cumulative cyclic degradation), omusisi ow’ekigero okuva ku Magnitude 5.0 okutuuka ku 6.0 bulijjo agwa ebizimbe ebyasigala nga biyimiridde okuyita mu musisi omukulu.

Okusinziira ku kitongole kya United States Geological Survey (USGS), ekitongole kya Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Applied Technology Council (ATC-20 Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings omutindo ogukozesebwa okwetoloola North America, Bulaaya, Japan, ne New Zealand), ne ttiimu z’ensi yonna ez’okunoonya n’okutaasa ebibuga (USAR / INSARAG), ekitundu ekinene eky’abantu abafa oluvannyuma lwa musisi n’okulumwa ennyo bibaawo oluvannyuma lw’okusannyalala okunene, abatuuze bwe bafubutuka okudda mu bizimbe ebirina enzimba y’ebizimbe okuggyayo ebisolo by’omu nnyumba, ebintu eby’omuwendo, oba ebiwandiiko, oba omuntu bw’aggalawo oba n’adda ku mita ya ggaasi ow’obutonde mu ngeri etasaana. Okumanya engeri y’okunywezaamu mu kiseera ky’okusannyalala oluvannyuma lw’okukankana munda mu kizimbe ekyonoonese, engeri y’okusoma ebipande ebitongole Green, Yellow, and Red ATC-20 building safety placards, engeri y’okukolamu okutambula okuva ebweru okudda munda mu kizimbe nga tonnayita mu mulyango, ne ddi lw’oggyako vvaalu yo ey’okuweereza ggaasi ekitundu kyakuna kitaasa obulamu mu ssaawa n’ennaku oluvannyuma lwa musisi.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Suka, Bikka, era Okwate amangu ddala buli lwe wabaawo okusika omuguwa oluvannyuma lw’okukubwa, era ogende WALA okuva ku bisenge eby’amayinja ebyonooneddwa, ssigiri, ne ffaasi z’endabirwamu. Buli lw’owulira ng’okukankana okw’okubiri, kka mu ngalo n’amaviivi nga okukankana tekunnaba kukukuba wansi, weekulukuunya wansi w’emmeeza oba emmeeza ennywevu (oba ku bbugwe ow’omunda asitula emigugu singa tewali bintu biba kumpi), era onywerere n’omukono gumu ate ng’okuuma emabega w’omutwe gwo n’ensingo n’omulala. Bw’oba ​​oli bweru oluvannyuma lw’okukubwa, sigala mu kifo ekiggule waakiri emirundi 1.5 egy’obugulumivu bw’ekizimbe okuva ku bizimbe eby’amabaati ebitali binywevu, amasinzizo ag’amayinja, ebiwanvu ebiwanvu, n’ebikondo by’amasannyalaze.
2. Senguka okutuuka ku ttaka eriggule amangu ddala nga mainshock eyimiridde singa ekizimbe kyo kiraga okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi mu kizimbe, okukulukuta kwa ggaasi, oba omuliro. Yambala engatto eziriko enkokola enkalu ne ggalavu z’okukola nga tonnava ku kitanda oba okuva ku kasolya (wansi bibikkiddwa endabirwamu z’amadirisa ezimenyese n’emisumaali egya drywall), kwata go-bag, era ofulume ng’oyita mu madaala (tokozesangako lifuti oluvannyuma lwa musisi, anti obuzito obuzitowa buva ku luguudo lw’eggaali y’omukka obugilungamya ne butega abasaabaze wakati w’emyaliiro).
3. Kebera oba ggaasi ow’obutonde akulukuta ng’okozesa okuwunya, amaloboozi, n’amaloboozi g’okugezesa mita, era ggalawo vvaalu ya ggaasi enkulu YOKKA singa wabaawo okukulukuta kwa ggaasi ow’obutonde. Genda ku mita yo ey’ebweru wa ggaasi ow’obutonde:
4. Bw’oba owunya akawoowo k’amagi agavunze aga mercaptan, owulira ggaasi ng’asikambula, laba akaseera akatono akagezesa \(1/2\text{-foot}\) oba \(2\text{-foot}\) nga katambula ng’ebyuma byonna bizikiddwa, oba olaba okukyukakyuka kw’enzimba okwetooloola mita: Kozesa ekisumuluzo kya sentimita 30 (yinsi 12) ekitereezebwa ekisumuluzo ky’omwezi oba ggaasi w’okukankana kw’amatu ekintu ekiggalawo okukyusa ekikomo eky’enjuyi ennya ku payipu y’okugabira (oludda oluyingira) kyuka kimu kyakuna (diguli 90) mu buli ludda okutuusa ng’ekikomo kitudde nga kyesimbye (musalasala) ku payipu.
5. Bwe waba TEWALI kuwunya, TEWALI kuwunyiriza, era TEWALI kutambula kwa dial: Leka ggaasi ON osobole okusigaza ebbugumu n’amazzi agookya; kkampuni ezikola ku by’amasannyalaze zisobola okutwala wiiki eziwera okuddamu okukoleeza enkumi n’enkumi za mita eziggaddwa mu ngeri eteetaagisa.
6. Kola 360-degree exterior structural walkaround okuva mu bbanga eritali lya bulabe nga tonnaba kugezaako kuddamu kuyingira mu maka gonna oba ekifo ky’okolera. Nga tonnatambula kulinnya ku mbalaza yo ey’omu maaso, kebera enjuyi zonna ennya ez’ekizimbe okuva waakiri mita 5 okutuuka ku 10 (fuuti 16 ku 33) emabega: noonya ennyumba eyakyusiddwa okuva ku sill plate yaayo eya seminti ey’omusingi, galagi eya wansi (soft-story racking), ekiyumba ky’amabaati ekyatika nga kyesigamye waggulu ku kasolya, oba layini z’amasannyalaze ezikka waggulu nga zizingiddwa ku bbugwe oba olukomera lw’ekyuma.
7. Gondera ebipande ebitongole ebya ATC-20 / municipal building inspection placards (Green, Yellow, Red) ebiteekeddwa ku mulyango gwo. Toggyangako, tobikka, oba tobuusa maaso bipande bya bukuumi bwa kizimbe:
8. GREEN ("INSPECTED"): Okubeera mu mateeka kukkirizibwa; tewali bulabe bulabika mu bizimbe buzuuliddwa, wadde ng’okuddaabiriza okutonotono okutali kwa kizimbe kuyinza okwetaagisa.
9. YELLOW ("RESTRICTED USE"): Obulabe obw'enjawulo obuzuuliddwa; okuyingira kukoma mu kuggya ebintu mu bufunze, okulabirirwa oba ebisenge ebitongole ebikuumi byokka, nga tewali kwebaka kiro okuggyako nga kirambikiddwa bulungi ku tag.
10. RED ("UNSAFE"): Okugwa okuyitiridde oba akabi eri obulamu; okuyingira kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okutuusa nga bayinginiya b’ebizimbe bafunye ku lukalu oba okumenya ekizimbe.
11. Singa omuntu w’omu maka oba muliraanwa asibiddwa wansi w’ebipande bya seminti ebizito oba ebikondo wansi ebigudde, kuba essimu ey’amangu era TOGGYA mu bifunfugu ebisitula emigugu. Kuba ku nnamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, 999 mu Bungereza, oba laba ennamba z’amangu) n’okulabula ttiimu z’okunoonya n’okutaasa ebibuga (USAR) oba CERT. Situla ebifunfugu ebitangaavu byokka eby’okungulu bw’oba ​​osobola okusiba n’okusiba buli sentimita y’okusitula n’embaawo z’embaawo enkalu olwo okukankana oluvannyuma lw’okusika omuguwa tekusobola kusuula bikondo kudda ku muntu ayisiddwa.

Omuti gw’okusalawo okuddamu okuyingira oluvannyuma lwa musisi, okuggala ggaasi, n’okuwonawo oluvannyuma lw’okusika omuguwa¶

Kozesa ekipande kino eky’okusalawo mu nnimiro amangu ddala nga mainshock eyimiridde okusalawo oba okuggala ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo, okusengulwa, oba okwekebejja amaka go mu ngeri ey’obukuumi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Mainshock Shaking Stops:<br/>Sooka Okwambala Engatto & Gloves"] --> ImmediateCheck{"Owunya ggaasi, olaba omukka/omuliro,<br/>oba owulira ekizimbe nga kiwuuma/kikyuka?"}

    ImmediateCheck -->|"YEE: Okuwunya kwa Gaasi, Omuliro, oba<br/>Okukutuka kw’Ebizimbe Ebikola"| EvacNow["OKUSEMBULA MU MANGU:<br/>1. Fuluma ng’oyita mu MADAALA gokka (Tokozesangako lifuti)<br/>2. Laba waggulu ku bisenge by’amabaati ebigwa, ssigiri & endabirwamu<br/>3. Ggala vvaalu ya ggaasi enkulu ey’ebweru (90° mu crosswise okutuuka ku payipu)<br/>4. Tambula mu kifo ekiggule 1.5x obuwanvu bw’ekizimbe okuva ku bizimbe"]

    ImmediateCheck -->|"NO Okuwunya oba Okugwa okw’amangu"| ExteriorScan["360° EXTERIOR STRUCTURAL WALKAROUND:<br/>Kebera enjuyi zonna 4 okuva ku mmita 5 okutuuka ku 10 (fuuti 16 okutuuka ku 33) emabega:<br/>- Omwaliiro ogwa wansi gwesigamye oba oluggi lwa galagi luzibiddwa?<br/>- Ennyumba yaseerera okuva ku musingi gwayo ogwa seminti?<br/>- Empagi za seminti za X-cracked oba rebar buckled?<br/>- Ekiyumba ky’amabaati kyatika oba kyawuddwa ku bbugwe?"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Okwonooneka KWONNA KWONNA KW’Ekizimbe kya Bendera Emmyufu<br/>OBA Ekipande Ekitongole Ekimyufu"| DoNotEnter["TODDAMU KUYINDA MU KIZIMBA:<br/>1. Laba ng’akabi ak’okugwa akali okumpi mu kiseera ky’okukankana okuddako oluvannyuma lw’okukankana<br/>2. Ggala vvaalu ya ggaasi enkulu n’ekimenya amasannyalaze ekikulu (bwe kiba nga kiri bweru)<br/>3. Cordon off fall zone okwetoloola chimneys ne bbugwe ow’amayinja<br/>4. Obuddukiro mu ppaaka enzigule, mmotoka mu kifo ekiggule, oba ekifo eky’okuddukiramu ekya Red Cross"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Ekipande kya YELLOW<br/>(Okukozesa Okukugirwa)"| YellowEntry["OKUYINGA MU BUMPUNGI OKULABIRWA KYOKA (Bwe kiba nga Kikkirizibwa Tag):<br/>1. Yambala enkoofiira enzibu, engatto, ggalavu, masiki ya N95, n’ettaala y’omu maaso<br/>2. Teeka omulabi ow’ebweru ng’akuba enduulu ku luguudo<br/>3. Prop enzigi zonna ziggule olwo aftershock ereme kukuziba munda<br/>4. Kwata meds, ebisolo by'omu nnyumba, n'ebiwandiiko mu <10 mins ofulume"]

    ExteriorScan -->|"Tewali Kwonooneka Kwonooneka Kw'ebizimbe Kulabika<br/>(oba GREEN Inspected Tag)"| SafeInside["OKUKEBERA MU MUNDA N’OBWEgendereza:<br/>1. Kebera emiguwa gy’amazzi agabugumya ggaasi & payipu y’okufulumya omukka waggulu<br/>2. Kebera oba payipu z’amazzi zikulukuta n’amazzi amakyafu agaterekeddwa<br/>3. Ggulawo kabineti n’obwegendereza (ebirimu bikyuka ne bigwa)<br/>4. Engatto n’ettaala bikuume okumpi n’ekitanda olw’okukankana ekiro"]

Ebipande ebitongole eby’obukuumi bw’ekizimbe kya ATC-20 oluvannyuma lwa musisi byannyonnyodde¶

Oluvannyuma lwa musisi ow’obulabe, ebitongole by’ebizimbe ebya munisipaali ne bayinginiya abakakasibwa mu by’okuzimba/ebizimbe bikola okwekenneenya okw’amangu n’obujjuvu wansi w’omutindo gwa **ATC-20 (Applied Technology Council) ** era ne bateeka ebipande ebiriko langi ku mulyango omukulu ogwa buli kizimbe ekikebereddwa.

Enkola 6 ez’okulemererwa kw’ebizimbe ezireetera ebizimbe okugwa mu kiseera ky’okukankana oluvannyuma lw’okusika omuguwa¶

Nga tonnayingira munda mu nnyumba yonna, ekizimbe kyonna eky’omuzigo, oba dduuka oluvannyuma lwa musisi, kebera ku nkola zino omukaaga eza bulijjo ez’okulemererwa kw’ebizimbe ezazuulibwa FEMA n’ekitongole kya Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI). Bw'olaba bumu ku bubonero buno omukaaga, ekizimbe kitwale nga Red-Tagged ("UNSAFE") ne bw'oba omukebera omutongole tannatuuka.

1. "Soft-Story" Ground-Floor Racking (Ebizimbe by'emizigo Over Tucked-Under Parking)¶

Ebizimbe bingi eby’emizigo egy’emyaliiro 2 ku 5 nga bikoleddwa mu mbaawo oba seminti bizimbibwa nga biriko galagi empanvu eziggule wansi ku mwaliiro ogw’okunsi, ebifo ebiteekebwamu mmotoka, oba ebifo ebinene eby’amaduuka eby’endabirwamu ku mwaliiro ogusooka, nga biwagira fuleemu enzito n’emizigo amakumi ku mwaliiro waggulu. - Olw’okuba wansi temulina bisenge binywevu ebisala munda, amayengo ga musisi agawanvuye galeetera ekizimbe kyonna okuwuubaala ku mabbali ku mpagi enseeneekerevu eziri wansi ng’ekibokisi ekizito ekitebenkedde ku bipimo by’amannyo. - Eky’okunoonya: Ebisenge by’omwaliiro ogusooka oba empagi za galagi birabika nga byesigamye okuva mu plumb (ne bwe biba nga \(2\text{ okutuuka ku }5\text{ degrees}\)); enzigi za galagi oba enzigi eziyingira wansi zisibye nga zikoona mu fuleemu zazo; situloberi oba drywall waggulu ku mpagi z’omwaliiro ogusooka kinywezeddwa ne kikutuka. Okukankana okumu okw’ekigero kujja kusuula emiryango egy’okungulu butereevu wansi ku galagi eziri wansi.

2. Foundation Cripple-Wall Buckling ne Sill-Plate Sliding (Amaka amakadde agafumbiddwa mu mbaawo) .¶

Ennyumba enkadde eza famire emu eza fuleemu z’embaawo (naddala amaka agaaliwo nga 1980 tannatuuka) zitera okutuula ku bisenge ebimpi ebiyitibwa \(0.5\text{ okutuuka ku }1.2\text{-meter}\) (\(1.5\text{ okutuuka ku }4\text{-foot}\)) ebisenge eby’embaawo ebiyitibwa cripple walls wakati w’ekigere ky’omusingi ekya seminti n’ebikondo by’embaawo ku mwaliiro ogusooka, oba obutaba na buuma obusiba ennanga okunyweza ekitooke ky’embaawo ku seminti. - Eky’okunoonya: Ennyumba erabika egwa wansi sentimita 30 ku 90 (fuuti emu ku 3) oba ng’ewanise ku ludda olumu; siding ey’ebweru oba stucco ku ddaala ly’ettaka esibiddwa ebweru nga accordion; amadaala g’ekisasi g’omu maaso gavudde ddala ku mulyango gw’emmanju; oba osobola okulaba omusingi gwa seminti ogw’obwereere nga gufulumye ku ludda olumu olw’ennyumba ate nga bbugwe ow’ekikontana yeewanise ku seminti. - Obulabe obw’amangu: Ennyumba bw’eseerera okuva ku musingi gwayo oba n’egwa ekisenge kyayo ekilema, esala payipu ya ggaasi ow’obutonde ey’ekyuma ekikaluba ne layini z’amazzi wansi w’ekifo eky’okuseeyeeya, ne kikola omutego ogw’okubwatuka gwa ggaasi ogw’ekika kya sub-floor ogusukkiridde.

3. Diagonal "X-Cracking" ne Spalling mu mpagi za Seminti ne Shear Walls¶

Mu bizimbe bya ofiisi ebya seminti omugumu, ebizimbe ebisimba mmotoka, amasomero, n’ebizimbe ebiwanvu, empagi eziyimiridde n’ebisenge ebisala seminti biziyiza byombi obuzito bw’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize egy’emyaliiro waggulu n’okusala okw’okwebungulula okudda emabega n’okudda emabega okw’amayengo ga musisi. - Eby'okunoonya: - Enjatika eziri mu ngeri ya X eza diagonal (ezisala ku nkoona za \(45\text{-degree}\)) ezisala ekkubo lyonna okuyita mu buwanvu bw’empagi ya seminti oba bbugwe ow’enzimba wakati w’amadirisa. - Concrete spalling and "bird-caging" rebar: Ebitundutundu bya seminti bivudde ku mpagi, ne bibikkula ebyuma ebinyweza ebyuma (rebar) munda, era ebyuma ebiyimiridde bifukamidde ebweru ng'ekiyumba ky'ebinyonyi kubanga ettaayi z'ekyuma eziwanvuye zakutuka. - Punching shear around flat-slab columns: Mu paakingi za seminti oba ebizimbe ebiriko flat-slab, laba awali ceiling slab w’esisinkanira waggulu wa buli mpagi; singa empagi erabika ng’ekuba ebikonde waggulu ng’eyita mu mpeta ya seminti eyatika mu ssilingi, ekipande kyonna ekya wansi kiba kinaatera okukuba pancake wansi.

4. Okuzimba Amayinja (URM) Ebisenge by’amabaati, Ebiyumba, n’Okwawula Bbugwe¶

Ebizimbe eby’amabaati, amayinja, adobe, n’ebituli ebikoleddwa mu bbumba ebitali binywevu (ebitera okubeera mu bibuga eby’ebyafaayo n’emiriraano egyaliwo nga 1950 tannabaawo mu nsi yonna) birina ebiyungo by’amayinja ebikutuka nga tebirina kyuma kya munda. - The Deadly Brick Chimney & Parapet Trap: Ebisenge by’amabaati n’ebisenge ebiyooyooteddwa ku kasolya bikuba emiggo nga bidda n’okudda mu kiseera kya musisi. Ne bwe kiba nti ssigiri tegwa mu kiseera ky’okusika omuguwa, etera okwatika nga nnyonjo okuyita mu layini y’akasolya oba ku ddaala ly’oku mwaliiro ogw’okungulu. Mu kiseera ky’okusika omuguwa okwa Magnitude 4.5 okuddako ennyo, ttani z’amabaati gagwa oba ebweru ku kkubo eriyingira mu mmotoka/oluggya oba munda butereevu okuyita mu kisenge ky’eddiiro. - Okwawula Ledger-Board: Laba akasolya oba omwaliiro ogwokubiri we gusisinkanira ekisenge ky’amabaati eky’ebweru. Bw’olaba omusana wakati wa bbugwe w’amabaati n’ebikondo by’akasolya eby’embaawo, oba bbugwe w’amabaati bw’aba afukamidde ebweru wakati, bbugwe aba yeekutudde wansi era ajja kusekula n’agwa mu kiseera ky’okukankana ekiddako.

5. Amaka agayitibwa Hillside Stilt Homes ne Liquefaction Foundation Okulengejja¶

• Amaka ag’oku nsozi ku bikondo ebiwanvu oba emisingi egy’amadaala: Kebera ettaka eririnnya n’okukka okwetooloola ebigere oba tewali nnyatika za tension ( crescent-shaped soil fissures indicating an incipient okubumbulukuka kw’ettaka) era okebere oba waya z’ekyuma ezisalasala wansi w’ennyumba zinywezeddwa era tezikutuse.
• Okufuuka amazzi: Ku ttaka erijjula ku lubalama lw’ennyanja, ebitundu by’emigga, oba omusenyu ogujjudde amazzi, okukankana kwa musisi kufuula omusenyu omubisi ne gufuuka omusenyu omulamu (okufuuka amazzi), ekivaako ebizimbe okubbira mu ngeri etaali ya kyenkanyi oba okulengejja emabega nga tebifudde ate ng’amabuguma g’omusenyu gakulukuta nga gayita mu nnyatika mu wansi oba mu luguudo.

6. Enzigi ezizibiddwa n’emisumaali egya Drywall egya Popped (Akabonero Akalabula ku Frame Racking) .¶

Lwaki bayinginiya b’ebizimbe bafaayo nnyo oba enzigi zo ez’omunda zigguka bulungi era ne ziggalwa bulungi oluvannyuma lwa musisi? - Singa bbugwe ow’embaawo-fuleemu oba ekyuma-fuleemu akyalina square (ku \(90\text{-degree}\) right angle), oluggi olwa nneekulungirivu luyingira kyenkanyi munda mu fuleemu yaalwo. - Singa fuleemu y’ekizimbe eba efuuse enkalakkalira (ewanise mu parallelogram), enzigi zikwata nnyo munda mu fuleemu zazo, amadirisa gakutuka olw’okunyigirizibwa kw’enkoona mu diagonal, era ennyiriri za sikulaapu oba emisumaali egya drywall ziyita mu langi okuyita mu layini ya siringi, ekiraga nti ekizibiti kya bbugwe eky’enzimba kikutuse okuva ku bikondo.

Engeri n’ekiseera ky’okuggala ggaasi ow’obutonde, propane, amasannyalaze n’amazzi¶

Okukwata obubi amasannyalaze oluvannyuma lwa musisi kireeta obutyabaga bubiri obw’enjawulo: okuleka layini ya ggaasi eyatika ng’eggule kikuma omuliro mu bibuga oluvannyuma lwa musisi, so ng’ate okuggala mita za ggaasi ezitaliiko kamogo mu kibuga kyonna kireka ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abatuuze nga tebalina bbugumu oba mazzi agookya okumala wiiki kubanga abakozi b’amasannyalaze balina okwekenneenya mu mubiri n’okuddamu okukoleeza buli maka agamu omu ku omu.

   HOW TO READ AND SHUT OFF YOUR NATURAL GAS SERVICE VALVE

   [1] GAS IS ON (Normal Flow)          [2] GAS IS OFF (Shut Off)
       Brass lug is PARALLEL                Brass lug is PERPENDICULAR
       (in-line) with the pipe              (crosswise / 90°) to the pipe

           |   |                                |   |
           | | |  <-- Lug vertical              |===|  <-- Turn 1/4 turn (90°)
           | | |      (In-line)                 |   |      either way until holes
           |   |                                |   |      align for padlock
      =====[Meter]=====                    =====[Meter]=====

1. Enkola y’okukebera mita ya ggaasi ow’obutonde n’okuggalawo¶

1. Fuula mita yo eya ggaasi ne vvaalu entuufu eggalawo NGA MUsisi tannabaawo:
2. Valiva eggalawo nnannyini maka (valiva y’obuweereza) esangibwa ku payipu eyingira eva waggulu okuva mu ttaka nga ggaasi tennayingira mu mubiri gwa regulator ne mita (ebiseera ebisinga \(15\text{ okutuuka ku }30\text{ sentimita}\) [\(6\text{ okutuuka ku }12\text{ inches}\)] wansi oba ku mabbali ga mita).
3. Kirina tang (lug) ey’ekikomo oba ekyuma ekipapajjo ekyekulungirivu nga kiyitamu ekituli ekyekulungirivu.
4. Kuuma ekisumuluzo ekyetongodde ekisumuluzo ekiziyiza ggaasi ekitali kya spark oba ekisumuluzo kya sentimita 30 (yinsi 12) ekitereezebwa mu mwezi nga kisibiddwa oba nga kiwanikiddwa okumpi ddala ne mita ya ggaasi kale tolina kuyigga mu galagi enzikivu era egudde okufuna ekintu.
5. Kola 3-Point Gas Leak Check oluvannyuma lwa musisi:
6. Okuwunya: Okuwunyiriza okwetoloola mita, emikutu gy’empewo egy’okuseeyeeya, kabokisi y’ebbugumu ly’amazzi, ne sitoovu y’omu ffumbiro okufuna akawoowo ak’enjawulo amagi agavunze / salufa ag’akawoowo ka mercaptan akagattibwa mu ggaasi ow’obutonde ne propane (laba ggaasi akulukuta).
7. Wuliriza: Wuliriza eddoboozi ery'amaanyi okuwuuma, okufuuwa, oba okuwuuma okumpi ne mita oba ebisenge.
8. Laba Test Dial: Nga ebyuma byonna ebya ggaasi mu nnyumba bizikiddwa, laba dial esinga obutono ey’okugezesa ey’ekitundu ku maaso g’omu maaso ga mita ya ggaasi (ebiseera ebisinga ewandiikiddwako \(1/2\text{ Cubic Foot}\) oba \(2\text{ Cubic Feet}\)) okumala **eddakiika 3 ku 5 ezijjuvu. Singa empiso eyo erabika ng’ekyukakyuka nga tewali sitoovu oba kyokero kidduka, ggaasi aba afuluma ng’ayita mu payipu emenyese munda mu nnyumba.
9. Singa KYONNA ku 3 checks eba positive (oba singa ennyumba ekyuse ku foundation yaayo): SHUT IT OFF.
10. Teeka ekisumuluzo kyo ku lug y’ekikomo eya rectangular ku payipu eyingira era ogikyuse 90 degrees (one-quarter turn) mu buli ludda okutuusa nga lug etudde crosswise (perpendicular) ku payipu era nga ne padlock tabs ebbiri zikwatagana.
11. NEVER turn the gas valve back ON yourself. Okuzza ggaasi okukoleeza kisobozesa ggaasi atayokeddwa okuyiwa okuva mu bitaala bya pilot agazikiddwa oba enjatika za payipu ezikwese munda mu bisenge, ekivaako okubwatuka okutta omulundi oguddako compressor ya firiigi oba switch y’ettaala bw’enyiga. Omukugu mu by’okukozesa ggaasi oba omukozi wa ppipa alina layisinsi yekka y’ayinza okugezesa enkola eno mu puleesa n’okuzzaawo empeereza ya ggaasi.

2. Ebyuma Ebibugumya Amazzi ga Gaasi Ebisibiddwa vs. Ebitaliiko Sisibi (N’obulabe bw’Ekifulumya Omusulo) .¶

Ne bwe kiba nti ekyuma kyo ekibugumya amazzi ekya ggaasi kisibiddwa ku bikondo by’oku bbugwe n’emiguwa ebiri egy’ekyuma ekizitowa (heavy-gauge metal seismic straps) (ekyokusatu eky’okungulu n’ekyokusatu ekya wansi ekya ttanka) era nga tekikyuse: - Kebera payipu y’omukka ogufuluma mu kyuma (sheet-metal exhaust flue pipe) waggulu ku bbugumu ly’amazzi amangu ddala. Okukankana okw’amaanyi kutera okusiba ekibbo ky’ekyuma ekifulumya omukka ne payipu y’okufulumya omukka okuva waggulu ku ttanka. Singa ekyuma ekibugumya amazzi kigenda mu maaso n’okukuba amasasi nga kirimu ekyuma ekifulumya omukka ekikutuse, tekiwunya, kitta kaboni monokisayidi ayiwa butereevu mu maka go. - Kebera oba gas flex-connector kinks: Kakasa nti layini ya ggaasi ey’ekyuma ekirimu amayinja teyagoloddwa oba eyatika nga okankana.

3. Amateeka g’okuggala amasannyalaze n’amazzi amakulu¶

• Amasannyalaze: Ggala main circuit breaker ku kipande kyo eky’amasannyalaze singa olaba waya ezikutuse oba ezikutte omuliro, ng’owunya insulation eyaka, ng’olina amazzi agayimiridde wansi okuva mu payipu ezikutuse, oba ng’osengula ekizimbe ekyonoonese enzimba.
• OKUJJAKO EKIKULU: Bw’owunya ggaasi ow’obutonde oba propane munda mu nnyumba, TOkwata ku kipande ekimenya amasannyalaze, switch z’amataala, oba pulaagi z’ebyuma munda mu nnyumba; okufuumuula ekyuma ekimenya oba switch kitondekawo akawundo akatono ak’amasannyalaze ak’omunda akajja okutulisa ekisenge ekijjudde ggaasi. Sooka osengule era oggale ggaasi okuva mu mita ey’ebweru.
• Household Water Main: Singa payipu z’omunda zikutuse era nga zibooga waggulu ku siringi oba wansi, ggalawo main house water shutoff valve (awali payipu y’amazzi eyingidde mu nnyumba oba mu kisenge ekya wansi) okutangira amazzi okwonooneka kw’ebizimbe n’okukuuma okukuuma liita 150 ku 300 (ggaloni 40 ku 80) ez’amazzi amayonjo ag’okunywa agaterekeddwa munda mu ttanka yo ey’amazzi agookya nga emikutu gy’amazzi g’oku nguudo teginnafiirwa puleesa oba okufuuka obucaafu olw’ennyiriri z’emyala ezimenyese.
• Ttanka za Propane (LPG) (Rural and Off-Grid Homes): Okwawukanako ne ggaasi ow’obutonde, omuweweevu okusinga empewo era ng’asituka ng’ayolekera waggulu, omukka gw’amafuta ogufuuse amazzi (propane) guzitowa emirundi 1.5 okusinga empewo n’ebidiba ku ttaka, nga gukulukuta mu bisenge ebya wansi n’ebifo eby’okuseeyeeya. Oluvannyuma lwa musisi, kebera ttanka yo eya propane ey’amaanyi ey’ebweru okukakasa nti teyaseerera ku bulooka zaayo eza seminti n’emenya layini y’omukira gw’embizzi ow’ekikomo; bw’oba ​​owunya ggaasi oba olaba omuzira ku fitting ya ttanka, kyusa vvaalu ya handwheel eyeetooloovu wansi wa dome ya ttanka mu ssaawa (ku ddyo) okutuusa ng’enywedde.

Olukalala lw’okuddamu okuyingira mu bufunze mu ngeri ennyangu (Ku bizimbe byokka ebiriko obubonero bwa kiragala oba ebikkirizibwa okubaako akabonero ka kyenvu)¶

Singa ekizimbe kyo kiba Green-Tagged (oba kirina Yellow Tag ekikkiriza mu bulambulukufu okuyingira mu bufunze nga olabirirwa okuggya eddagala oba ebintu ebikulu) era nga kiyita mu kukeberebwa kwo okw’ebweru okwa diguli 360:

• Toyingirangako wekka; post an "Outside Lookout" with a loud whistle: Omukulu omu alina okusigala ebweru ku luguudo nga yeewala obulabe bw'okugwa, ng'akutte enfuufu y'okutaasa etaliimu ntangawuuzi. Singa omutunuulizi awulira ng’ekizimbe kikyuse oba alaba ekizimbe nga kikyuka, enfuufu emu empanvu ekuba akabonero k’omuntu ali munda okugwa, okubikka oba okufuluma amangu ddala.
• Yambala eby’okwekuuma ebijjuvu: Yambala enkoofiira enkalu oba enkoofiira ya ddigi/okulinnya, engatto z’okukola eziriko enkokola enzito, ggalavu ez’amaliba, endabirwamu, ekyuma ekissa enfuufu ekya N95 (pulasita eyonoonese ne siringi za popcorn enkadde zifulumya silika ne... enfuufu ya asibesito), era tambula n’ettaala ya bbaatule eyakaayakana (tokozesangako mimuli, bimuli oba bitaala).
• Wedge buli luggi nga luggule nga bw’oyingira: Situla ebikondo by’oluggi eby’embaawo oba ebintu ebizito era owanirize oluggi lw’emmanju ne buli luggi lw’omu luggya olw’omunda luggule bulungi emabega wo olwo singa wabaawo oluvannyuma lw’okusika omuguwa ku fuleemu z’oluggi ng’oli mu kisenge eky’emabega, tojja kusibirwa n’osibira munda.
• Oggulawo kabineti z’omu ffumbiro n’enzigi za kabada eziri waggulu sentimita 2 zokka (yinsi emu) okusooka: Mu kiseera ky’okukuba enduulu, ebibya eby’endabirwamu ebizito, ebipande bya seramiki, n’ebibbo biseeyeeya mu maaso ne byesigamira butereevu munda mu nzigi za kabineti eziggaddwa; okuwuuba oluggi lwa kabineti nga luggule mu budde obutuufu kisuula endabirwamu enzito ku maaso go n’emikono gyo.
• Sena endabirwamu ezimenyese n’enkoofiira eziyidde eddagala ly’awaka mu bwangu: Kebera wansi wa sinki z’omu ffumbiro ne mu kinaabiro awali eccupa za bleach ne ammonia oba ekyuma ekiyonja amazzi agakulukuta ne zitabula (laba bleach etabuddwamu omukka ogw’obutwa ogwa ammonia).

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Bulijjo musisi ow’oluvannyuma musisi mutono okusinga musisi omukulu, oba musisi omunene asobola okukuba oluvannyuma?¶

Wadde nga musisi ezisinga obungi eziddirira ziba ntono okusinga musisi omukulu (mu ngeri entuufu zituuka ku ntikko nga 1.1 ku 1.2 magnitude units wansi okusinziira ku tteeka lya Båth, ekitegeeza nti musisi wa Magnitude 7.0 mu budde obutuufu afulumya Magnitude 5.8 ku 5.9 okusinga obunene oluvannyuma lw’okusituka), ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku musisi okuva mu USGS biraga nti nga ebitundu 5 ku 6 ku buli 100 ebya musisi ow’amaanyi biba mu butuufu okukankana okw’omu maaso okwagobererwa mu ssaawa oba ennaku musisi omunene. Ne bwe kiba nti musisi eyakaddiwa oluvannyuma lw’amaanyi amatono emirundi 10 okusinga ku musisi omukulu asobola okugwa ddala ekizimbe nga empagi zaakyo eza seminti, ebisenge by’amabaati oba ebiyungo by’omusingi byayatika dda ne kinafuwa musisi eyasooka.

Lwaki sisaanidde kuggyako mita yange eya ggaasi ow’obutonde mu ngeri ey’otoma amangu ddala nga buli musisi amaze okubaawo?¶

Olina okuggyako vvaalu yo ey’okuweereza ggaasi ow’obutonde singa owunya akawoowo ka ggaasi akavunze ng’amagi, ng’owulira okuwunya okuwuuma, olaba akadaala akatono akagezesa ku maaso ga mita nga kakyuka ng’ebyuma byonna ebya ggaasi bizikiddwa, oba olaba ng’ennyumba yo ekyuse ku musingi gwayo. Valiva ya ggaasi bw’emala okuggyibwako, bannannyini mayumba bakugirwa mu mateeka ne mu mubiri okugizza ku bo bennyini kubanga ggaasi atayokeddwa asobola okuyita mu bitaala bya pilot agazikiddwa oba enjatika za situleesi ezikwese n’ebwatuka. Enkumi n’enkumi z’abatuuze bwe baggyako mita za ggaasi ezitayonoonese mu ngeri eteetaagisa oluvannyuma lwa musisi ow’ekigero, kiyinza okutwala abakozi b’amasannyalaze wiiki eziwera nga bakebera puleesa okuva ku nnyumba ku nnyumba okuzzaawo ebbugumu n’amazzi agookya mu kitundu.

Ebiwandiiko ebiwandiikiddwa ku bizimbe oluvannyuma lwa musisi bitegeeza ki?¶

Mu nkola y'ensi yonna eya ATC-20 Postearthquake Safety Evaluation, ekipande kya GREEN ("INSPECTED") kitegeeza nti tewali bulabe bulabika mu bizimbe bwazuuliddwa era okubeera mu mateeka kukkirizibwa, wadde nga okwonooneka okutali kwa kizimbe kuyinza okubaawo. Ekipande kya kiragala ("RESTRICTED USE") kitegeeza nti obulabe obw’enjawulo obw’enzimba oba okugwa bwazuulibwa; okubeera munda oba okusula munda obutasalako kikugirwa okuggyako nga kiragiddwa mu bulambulukufu, era okuyingira kukoma mu bitundu ebitaliiko bulabe oba okuggya ebintu ebikulu mu bufunze nga balabirirwa. Ekipande ekimyufu ("UNSAFE") kitegeeza nti ekizimbe kifunye okwonooneka okw'amaanyi mu kizimbe oba nga kiri mu kabi olw'akabi ak'okugwa okuliraanyewo, era okuyingira ekizimbe olw'ensonga yonna kikugirwa nnyo era kiyinza okutta omuntu.

Lwaki kyabulabe okutambula ebweru w’ekizimbe ng’okankana, era ddi lwe kiseera ekituufu okusengulwa?¶

Okudduka okuva mu kizimbe ng’ettaka likankana nnyo kikuteeka butereevu wansi w’ekitundu ekisinga okutta musisi: ffaasi ey’ebweru, ng’ebisenge by’amabaati ebitali binywevu, ssigiri, tile z’akasolya, ebyuma ebifuuwa empewo, n’endabirwamu z’amadirisa ag’omwaliiro ogwa waggulu ezimenyese zitonnya wansi ku mabbali g’enguudo ne ku mbalaza. Mu kiseera ky’okukankana okukola (ka kibeere mainshock oba aftershock), sigala munda era Drop, Cover, and Hold On wansi w’ebintu ebigumu oba ku bbugwe ow’omunda. Akaseera akatuufu okusengulwa amangu ddala NGA okukankana kuyimiridde, okutambula amangu wansi ku madaala n’okutunuulira waggulu ng’ofuluma mu kifo ekiggule waakiri emirundi 1.5 obuwanvu bw’ekizimbe okuva ku bizimbe.

Ensonda zeekebeddwa¶

• Applied Technology Council (ATC, United States): ATC-20-1 Ekitabo ky’omu nnimiro: Okwekenenya obukuumi bw’ebizimbe oluvannyuma lwa musisi (Eby’okukeberebwa ebya kiragala, ebya kyenvu ebikugirwa okukozesa, n’emisingi gy’ebipande ebimyufu ebitali bukuumi).
• United States Geological Survey (USGS): Okuteebereza oluvannyuma lw’okukankana, Etteeka lya Omori n’etteeka lya Båth Aftershock Decay Physics, Foreshock Probabilities, n’empuliziganya y’akabi oluvannyuma lwa musisi.
• Ekitongole kya Federo ekivunaanyizibwa ku mbeera ez’amangu (FEMA) ne Ready.gov (United States): Olukalala lw’okukebera obukuumi bwa musisi (FEMA B-526), ​​Okuzuula obuzibu bw’enzimba y’emboozi ennyogovu ne bbugwe omulema, n’enkola y’okuggala ebikozesebwa.
• Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) ne Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas, United States): Okukebera mita ya ggaasi ow’obutonde oluvannyuma lwa musisi, enkola y’okuggala vvaalu ya service ku diguli 90, n’enkola z’okuzzaawo ekifo mu ngeri ey’obukuumi.
• Ekibiina ky’ensi yonna ekiwabula ku kunoonya n’okutaasa (INSARAG / United Nations OCHA) ne CERT: Amateeka agafuga obukuumi bw’okuddamu okuyingira mu bizimbe ebyonooneddwa mu kusengejja ebizimbe, okunoonya n’okutaasa abantu mu kitangaala.

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Musisi: Okugwa, Okubikka, n’okukwata Ku bulamu
• Okwonooneka kw’ebizimbe n’okugwa kw’ekizimbe awaka
• Okukulukuta kwa ggaasi: engeri y’okutegeera n’okuggala ggaasi ow’obutonde
• Obuvune mu kunyiga n’obulwadde bw’ekisenge
• Tsunami: obubonero obw’obutonde obulabula n’okusengula abantu ku ttaka erya waggulu
• Go-bag ne pack y’okusengula abantu mu bwangu