Seminti Pampu Hose Whip, Blocked Line Blowouts, ne Mixer Drum Lockout Okutaasa¶

Pampu za seminti ez’omulembe eziteekebwa ku loole ne ppampu za layini ya trailer zisika seminti ow’enzimba omubisi okuyita mu payipu z’ekyuma ne hoosi eziteeka kapiira ezikyukakyuka ku puleesa y’ebintu eby’amazzi wakati wa 70 ne 200 bar (1,000 ne 2,900 pounds buli square inch, oba psi). Okwawukanako n’amazzi oba amafuta g’amazzi, seminti omubisi kikuta ekitanyiga eky’amayinja agabetenteddwa, omusenyu, ekikuta kya seminti, n’amazzi agazitowa kkiro 2,400 buli kiyuubi mita (pawundi 150 buli kiyuubi ffuuti). Ensawo y’empewo bw’esibira munda mu payipu y’okutuusa ebintu nga ppampu etandika, hopper cavitation, oba oluvannyuma lw’okugogola ekizibiti ky’olwazi, pisitoni ya seminti enyigiriza ekiwujjo kya ggaasi ekyo ekyasibira okutuuka ku 85+ bar (1,200+ psi) emabega wa pulagi ennywevu eya seminti. Akaseera katono pulagi ya seminti lw’etuuka ku kapiira akaggule end-hose (drop hose) ewaniridde ku nsonga ya boom, ensawo y’empewo enyigirizibwa egaziwa mu ngeri ey’okubwatuka okutuuka ku mirundi 80 egy’obuzito bwayo obunyigirizibwa mu milisekondi. Hose eno eya mmita 4 (fuuti 12), kilo 80 (pawundi 175) enyweza waya mu nkomerero ya kapiira ekuba n’amaanyi okubuna ddeeke y’okuyiwa ng’ekibookisi ekinene eky’ente, esobola okusuula omusajja wa hoosi okuva ku bbali w’olubaawo oluwanvu oba okuleeta obuvune obw’amaanyi obw’ekiwanga n’ekifuba.

Embeera endala ssatu ez’amangu eziteeka obulamu mu matigga zibaawo okwetooloola loole eziteekebwa seminti n’ezitegese okutabula: okukozesa empewo enyigirizibwa okusinga amazzi aganyigirizibwa okufuuwa payipu ya seminti ezibiddwa oba okuyonja omupiira gwa sipongi, okuyingira mu ngoma ya seminti eyeetegefu etabuddwa eyeetoloola n’ennyondo ekutula okuggyawo seminti akalubye nga tosiize makanika Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) ne drum-rotation blocks, ne okubonaabona n’okwokya okw’amaanyi okw’eddagala lya alkaline erya diguli ey’okusatu (pH 12.5 okutuuka ku 13.5) nga seminti omubisi ayingidde munda mu bbuutu z’omulimu eza kapiira oba okumansira mu maaso. Okumanya engeri y’okusigala ebweru wa end-hose swing radius nga ppampu etandika, okufulumya omusaayi ku puleesa ya payipu ekwatiddwa nga tonnasumulula snap clamp, okununula omukozi asibiddwa munda mu mixer drum, n’okufuula okwokya kwa hexavalent chromium ne calcium hydroxide okutaasa obulamu. Laba ennamba z’amangu, . obuvune bw’emmundu ezifuuwa empewo enyigirizibwa n’okuzimba empewo, . crane tip-over, okugwa kw’omugugu okuyimiriziddwa, n’okukwatagana kwa layini y’amasannyalaze waggulu, ne seminti, seminti omubisi, okwokya eddagala lya alkali, n’okukwatibwa amaaso ga lime.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Kuba bbaatuuni emmyufu eya Emergency Stop (E-Stop) ku remote control y'omuddukanya ppampu ya seminti oba ku ludda lwa loole ya pampu amangu ddala, era zza emabega pisitoni za ppampu za seminti okumala stroke 2 ku 3 ("suck back") singa layini eziba oba end-hose etandika okukuba. Okuzza emabega ppampu ya seminti kiwummuza mangu Puleesa ya bbaala 70 ku 200 (1,000 ku 2,900-psi) esibiddwa munda mu payipu; TOggulawo Victaulic oba Hevi-Duty snap coupling ku payipu ya seminti ezibiddwa nga eri ku puleesa.
2. Singa omukozi akubwa ekikonde kya seminti pump end-hose oba coupling, kuuma omugongo gwe ogw’omumwa gwa nnabaana, gukuume obutaseerera ku ffoomu oba rebar mats ezigulumivu, era okwekenneenya amangu ddala oba alina obuvune obw’amaanyi ku bwongo, ekifuba ekifuukuuse, okuvaamu omusaayi munda mu lubuto, oba okukomererwa ku rebar etaliiko nkofiira. Kuba ku nnamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, 999 mu Bungereza); kebera ennamba z’amangu.
3. Singa omukozi ali munda mu ngoma y’omutabula seminti oba hopper ya pampu akwatibwa oba asibiddwa ppini ng’akyusa ebipande ebitabula oba auger, ggalawo yingini ya dizero ya loole ne hydraulic drive amangu ddala, ssika endongo ku gravity rollback n’ebikondo by’embaawo nga tonnasala oba okusitula, era tandika Confined Space Rescue. Tolinnyanga munda mu mixer ya seminti engooma nga tosibye ignition, okuggyako ppampu y’engooma ey’amazzi, n’okusiba enjegere oba okuzibira mu mubiri fuleemu y’engooma; laba okuziyira mu kifo ekizibiddwa: ebinnya by’abantu, siilo, ne ttanka.
4. Singa boom ya seminti ekwatagana ne layini y’amasannyalaze eya vvulovumenti eya waggulu waggulu, omukozi wa ppampu ng’akozesa remote eya waya oba ng’ayimiridde ku loole alina okusigala ku loole (oba okubuuka bulungi ng’ebigere bikwataganye nga takwata ku loole ne ttaka omulundi gumu), ate abakozi ku ddeeke y’okuyiwa balina okufulumya amasannyalaze ga kapiira end-hose amangu ddala. Seminti omubisi munda mu payipu atambuza amasannyalaze ga vvulovumenti eya waggulu butereevu wansi boom era okuyita mu rubber end-hose okutuuka mu mikono gy’omusajja wa hose; laba loole ya baketi insulated boom contact ne layini z’amasannyalaze n’omutendera-potential fire escape.
5. Singa seminti omubisi alina puleesa, seminti grout, oba omusenyu afuuwa mu maaso g’omukozi okuva mu hoosi eyatuka oba clamp ekulukuta, okunaaza amaaso obutasalako n’amazzi amayonjo amangi agakulukuta oba omunnyo ogutaliimu buwuka okumala waakiri eddakiika 20 ku 30 ng’okwata ebikowe by’amaaso nga biggule. Wet Portland cement has a caustic pH of 12.5 to 13.5 efuula sapon n’okusaanuusa ekitundu ky’amaaso mu ddakiika ntono; laba obuvune mu maaso.
6. Singa seminti omubisi ayiika munda mu bbuutu z’omukozi, ggalavu, oba bbulawuzi ennyikiddwa, yambula mangu engatto n’engoye ezirimu obucaafu, bbulawuzi butto omukalu, naaba bulungi olususu n’amazzi agakulukuta okumala eddakiika 15 ku 20, era osiige vinegar w’awaka omunafu (diluted acetic acid) oba pH-buffering solution yokka ng’omaze okunaabisa obulungi amazzi singa recommended by local poison protocols. Seminti omubisi aziba enkomerero z’obusimu nga bw’asaanyaawo ensusu enzito, n’akola okwokya kw’eddagala lya ddaala ery’okusatu nga tewali bulumi mu buwanvu obujjuvu okubuna ebisambi n’enkizi.

Omuti gw’okusalawo: ppampu ya seminti, okufuuwa payipu, n’okusunsula mu bwangu mu ngoma y’omutabula¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Pampu ya Seminti, Payipu, oba Endongo Ezeetegefu Okutabula Emergency"] --> Incident{"Kika ki eky’ebyuma bya seminti eby’amangu ebyagwawo?"}
    Incident -->|"End-Hose Whip oba Pressurized Coupling Okufuuwa Okufuuwa"| Whip["1. Kuba E-Stop ku remote ne reverse pump stroke 2 ku 3 okufulumya omusaayi puleesa ya layini; 2. Okutebenkeza omutwe n’ensingo y’omugenzi ku slab/deck; okuziyiza okugwa okuva ku bbali wa formwork; 3. Fuga omusaayi omungi n’okukebera oba tension pneumothorax oba rebar impalement; 4. Kuba 911 / 112 / 999 okutambuza obuvune n’okuggyamu ekisero kya crane singa kiba kya waggulu"]
    Incident -->|"Omukozi Asibiddwa mu Mixer Drum oba Concrete Hopper Auger"| Drum["1. Kuba E-Stop oggale yingini ya loole ya dizero mu bwangu; 2. Wedge timber blocks wansi w’ekisusunku ky’engooma kale seminti omuzito off-center tasobola kuyiringisiza drum; 3. Kuba 911 / 112 / 999 ku Confined Space & Heavy Extrication Team; 4. Fuuwa empewo mu ngoma n’okufuga omusaayi n’eddagala lya tourniquet singa kiba kituukirirwa"]
    Incident -->|"Concrete Boom Contacted Overhead Layini y’amasannyalaze eya vvulovumenti eya waggulu"| PowerLine["1. Suula kapiira end-hose amangu ddala; empagi ya seminti ennyogovu etambuza amasannyalaze; 2. Abakozi bonna bakuume waakiri mmita 10 (fuuti 35) okuva ku loole ya ppampu, ebyuma ebifulumya amazzi, ne hoosi; 3. Omuddukanya ku loole asigala ku mmeeri okuggyako nga loole ekutte omuliro (olwo obuuke ebigere wamu n’obuuka/okutabula); 4. Kuba ku ssimu ya utility ne 911 / 112 / 999 okuggya amaanyi mu layini nga tonnasemberera bantu abafiiriddwa"]
    Incident -->|"Caustic Concrete Eye Splash oba Wet Boot Olususu Okwokya (pH 13) ."| Burn["1. Okufuuwa amaaso: Fukirira obutasalako n’amazzi amayonjo/omunnyo okumala eddakiika 20 ku 30+; 2. Okwokya bbuutu/olususu: Ggyawo bbuutu n’amasokisi/empale ezinywezeddwa seminti mu bwangu; 3. Okunaaba olususu n’amazzi agakulukuta okumala eddakiika 15 ku 20; tosiimuula bizimba ebibisi; 4. Entambula okugenda mu kitongole ky’abalwadde ab’amangu oba Burn Center okulabirira amaaso/okwokya"]

Fizikisi ya seminti pampu hoosi whip ne blocked payipu okubwatuka¶

Lwaki empewo esibiddwa efuula payipu ya seminti emmundu¶

Pampu ya seminti eya pisitoni ey’amazzi ekola nga esika seminti omubisi okuva mu hopper efuna etabuddwatabuddwa mu ssiringi bbiri ez’ebintu ezikyukakyuka n’emusika mu payipu y’okutuusa ekyuma ekendedde mu buwanvu (mu ngeri entuufu 125 millimeters / 5 inches internal diameter). Kasita obuwanvu bwa payipu bwonna bujjudde ebitundu 100 ku 100 seminti omubisi, atanyiga, seminti afuluma bulungi mu hoosi y’enkomerero ya kapiira ku sipiidi efugibwa eya mita emu ku 2 buli sikonda (fuuti 3 ku 6 buli sikonda).

Okukulukuta okwo okutambula obutasalako kufuuka kwa kubwatuka mu kaseera empewo enyigirizibwa lw’eyingira mu payipu ku mabbali ga seminti:

1. Engeri ensawo z'empewo gye ziyingira mu layini ya seminti:
2. Okusooka okutandika ne ppampu: Nga cubic meter esooka eya seminti tannajjuza payipu za boom, ebitundu bya boom bibaamu ebikumi n’ebikumi bya liita z’empewo. Nga seminti bw’apampuddwa ku hingi ya waggulu eya "A-frame" eya boom, seminti omuzito asobola okusereba wansi mu payipu ya boom ekka amangu okusinga bw’apambiddwa, n’akwata ensawo ennene ey’empewo emabega waayo.
3. Hopper cavitation (okuleka hopper okudduka wansi): Singa loole ready-mix efuluma mpola nnyo era nga seminti level munda mu pump’s receiving hopper egwa wansi waggulu wa S-valve (rock valve) oba material cylinder openings, pisitoni zisonseka gulp y’empewo mu cylinder wakati wa slugs za seminti.
4. Okuzibikira kw'amayinja n'okuzibikira okwawula ("Packing off"): Singa omutabula gwa seminti ogutabuddwa bulungi, ekibinja ky'omugatte omukalu ogutabuddwa, oba seminti eyateekebwawo kikola pulagi eringa wedge ku kiyungo ekikendeeza payipu, enkokola, oba ekiyungo ekiyunga, seminti ali emabega wa pulagi alekera awo okutambula ate nga ppampu y'amazzi ekendeeza puleesa yaayo mu ngeri ey'otoma okutuuka ku kifo kyayo ekisinga obunene (85 okutuuka ku 200 bar / 1,200 okutuuka ku 2,900 psi).
5. Etteeka lya Boyle n'okugaziwa kw'empewo okusukkulumye ku maloboozi ku nkomerero-hose:
6. Singa ensawo y’empewo eya liita 50 esibira munda mu payipu emabega w’ekizibiti oba wakati w’ebikuta bibiri ebizito ebya seminti, era ppampu n’enyigiriza ensawo eyo ey’empewo okutuuka ku 85 bar (1,230 psi), ensawo y’empewo ekendeera okutuuka wansi wa liita 0.6, n’etereka amaanyi amangi agayinza okubaawo ng’ekyuma ekizitowa.
7. Ekiziyiza bwe kikutuka mu bwangu, oba ekiwujjo ky’empewo enyigirizibwa bwe kituuka ku nkomerero enzigule eya hoosi y’okutonnya kapiira nga puleesa y’empewo eri bbaala 1 yokka, ensawo y’empewo egaziwa emirundi 85 mu sikonda ezitakka wansi wa 0.05.
8. Ekuba kkiro 50 ku 100 (pawundi 110 ku 220) ezisigadde eza seminti n’olwazi okuva mu ntuuyo ng’essasi ly’emizabbibu ku sipiidi ezisukka mu mita 50 buli sikonda (110 mph), ate okusika okuddamu kuleetera enkomerero ya kapiira enzito eya milimita 125 (yinsi 5) okukuba mu nneekulungirivu ez’effujjo eza diguli 360 na enkumi n’enkumi za nyutoni z’amaanyi g’okukuba ku mabbali.

Amateeka agatali ga bulabe agafuga okutangira obuvune obukuba hoosi (ACPA & ASME B30.27)¶

Buli muddukanya ppampu ya seminti, omukozi wa hoosi, n’omukozi w’okuyiwa alina okussa mu nkola amateeka ataano agatali ga kuteesebwako agateekebwawo American Concrete Pumping Association (ACPA), OSHA 29 CFR 1926.702, ne ASME B30.27:

• Etteeka 1: Kuuma abakozi bonna nga tebali mu kitundu eky’akabi ku hoosi enkomerero ng’otandika n’okuddamu okutandika. Bw’oba otandika okuyiwa, okuddamu okutandika oluvannyuma lw’okugogola ekizibiti, oba empewo bw’ewulirwa ng’ewuuma/efuuwa amalusu mu layini, tewali mukozi akkirizibwa kukwata hoosi ya kapiira. Buli muntu alina okuyimirira ebweru wa radius eyenkana waakiri obuwanvu obujjuvu obwa rubber end-hose (ekitono ennyo mita 4 ku 5 / ffuuti 12 ku 16). Oluvannyuma lw’empewo okulongoosebwa ddala era ng’omugga gwa seminti ogutakyukakyuka era omuseeneekerevu gukulukuta, omukozi wa hoosi y’ayinza okuyingira n’alungamya hoosi.
• Etteeka 2: Kakasa waya y’obukuumi bw’enkomerero (whip-check) n’ensengeka ey’enkomerero emu. Hoosi y’enkomerero ya kapiira ewaniriddwa ku nsonga ya bboomu erina okunywezebwa n’ekyuma ekigere akaguwa oba olujegere olukuuma obukuumi (whip-check) nga luzingiddwa ku kiyungo kya boom eky’okungulu olwo singa ekikwaso kikutuka oba kiseeyeeya okuva ku kkoolaasi ya hoosi, Hoosi ejjudde kkiro 80 (pawundi 175) tesobola kugwa ku bakozi abali wansi. Wansi w’okufulumya amazzi mu hose y’enkomerero ewaniridde kulina okuba nga TEWALI kiyungo kya kyuma ekiyungiddwa.
• Etteeka 3: Tonyiga, tofukamira, oba tonyiga hoosi ya kapiira. Togezaako kuyimiriza kutambula kwa seminti ng’otambula wakati wa ffoomu za bbugwe ng’ozinga oba okunyiga hoosi y’enkomerero ya kapiira waggulu; okusikambula kutega empewo enyigirizibwa ne kikola pulagi y’amayinja ey’amangu ekuba hoosi okuva mu ngalo zo ng’esumuluddwa. Tokwatangako ‘end-hose’ ng’onywedde mu kifuba kyo oba ng’ewanise wakati w’amagulu go.
• Etteeka 4: Dda emabega ppampu ("suck back") nga tonnaggulawo kikwaso kyonna ekya payipu. Singa layini ya seminti esiba, omukozi wa ppampu alina okulekera awo amangu ddala okupampagira mu maaso n'akyusa ppampu mu REVERSE okumala waakiri emirundi 2 ku 3 egy'amaanyi okutuusa nga ekipima puleesa y'amazzi kikka ku ziro. Abakozi abanoonya pulagi nga bakuba payipu y’ekyuma n’ennyondo (nga bawuliriza okuwuuma okuzibu okusinziira ku mpeta eriko ekituli) balina okwambala engabo za ffeesi n’okuyimirira ku mabbali nga bakuba kuggulawo snap clamp, kubanga empewo esigaddewo ekwatiddwa ekyasobola okufuuyira caustic slurry.
• Etteeka 5: Kozesa amazzi aga puleesa, NEVER pressed air, okugogola layini ezibiddwa oba okufuuwa omupiira ogw’okuyonja buli lwe kiba kisoboka. Okufuuwa layini empanvu ey’oku ttaka oba payipu ya boom n’ekyuma ekinyiga empewo eya puleesa eya waggulu kifuula omupiira gwa sipongi wa kapiira ne pulagi ya seminti ne bifuuka ekisusunku ky’emmundu ekitta. Mu OSHA 29 CFR 1926.702(b) ne HSE Construction Guidance, okufuuwa empewo enyigirizibwa mu mpewo kikugirwa nnyo okuggyako ng’okunaaba amazzi tekisoboka mu mubiri, omutwe ogukakasibwa okuyingira empewo n’ekisero ekikwata empewo (omukwasi w’omupiira) nga binywezeddwa bulungi ku nkomerero ya payipu y’ekyuma enkalu, hoosi zonna ez’enkomerero za kapiira zisooka kuggyibwamu, era buli mukozi alongoosebwa mu kifo we bafulumya amazzi.

Ready-mix seminti mixer engooma ne pump hopper lockout okununula¶

Lwaki okuyingira mu ngoma y’okutabula seminti okukutula seminti ekalubye kitta nnyo¶

Mu wiiki eziwera nga basika seminti eyeetegese okutabula, seminti asigaddewo ekaluba okuyita ku biwaawaatiro by'okutabula eby'enkulungo ("T-blades") munda mu ngoma y'ekyuma eyeetooloola eya loole etabula abantu, ekikendeeza ku busobozi n'okusuula endongo okuva mu bbalansi. Buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera, abakozi balina okulinnya nga bayita mu kisenge ekifunda ekya sentimita 45 ku 55 (yinsi 18 ku 22) eky’engooma oba kkooni y’okucaajinga emabega n’ennyondo ekutula empewo (jackhammer) okusobola okukutula kkiro 500 ku 2,000 (pawundi 1,100 ku 4,400) eza seminti omukalu.

Okuyingira mu ngoma y’okutabula seminti kigatta Obulabe bw’ekifo ekizibiddwa n’emitego ebiri egy’ebyuma egy’okumenyaamenya egy’amaanyi (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 ne OSHA Directive CPL 02-00-100):

1. Okutandika yingini mu butanwa oba okukola lever y’engooma ey’amazzi: Singa yingini ya loole erekebwa ng’edduka okukola amaanyi mu nkola z’empewo oba singa ddereeva alinnya mu kabina n’atandika loole okugitambuza okuva mu kifo eky’okunaabiramu nga tamanyi nti chipper eri munda mu ngoma, ebiwujjo ebizitowa (revolving spiral blades) bigwa ne bisala omukozi ku kkooni y’ekyuma mu sikonda ntono.
2. Gravity-induced "drum rollback" with the engine completely OFF: Ne bwe kiba nti yingini ya dizero eggaddwa ate nga n'ekisumuluzo kya ignition kiggaddwa, endongo ya mixer erimu kiro 1,000 (pawundi 2,200) eza seminti omukalu nga yeekwata ku ludda olumu olw'ekisusunku eky'omunda eba nzito nnyo waggulu. Nga omukozi akutula seminti wansi oba ng’alinnya waggulu ku ludda olumu olw’ebiwaawaatiro eby’omunda, oba singa puleesa y’amazzi munda mu mmotoka evuga endongo ey’amazzi efuluma mpola ng’eyita ku biziyiza eby’omunda, obuzito obutali wakati buleetera endongo ya ttani eziwera okuyiringisibwa diguli 90 ku 180 olw’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize amalongoofu, n’ebetenta omukozi wansi w’ebipande bya seminti ebigwa oba okubikuba ppini wakati w’ekisenge ekiggulwawo n’ekituuti kya fuleemu.

Mandatory Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) n’okuzibira mu mubiri nga endongo tennayingira¶

Nga omukozi yenna tannateeka mutwe gwe oba omubiri gwe munda mu ngoma etabula seminti oba okulinnya ku ppampu ya seminti efuna hopper grate:

• Ku Endongo Ezitabula Seminti:
• Ggala yingini ya loole, ggyako ekisumuluzo kya ignition, era oteeke padlock ey’obuntu Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) padlock ku switch ya battery master disconnect ne siteeringi/cab door.
• Ggyako puleesa era oggyeko oba ggalawo hydrostatic hydraulic drum-drive pump control linkage.
• Zibira mu mubiri ekisusunku ky’engooma obutakyuka mu njuyi zombi: Teeka ebiwujjo by’embaawo enkalu ebizito (chocks) obulungi wakati w’ekisusunku ky’engooma/empeta ya roller ey’ekyuma eky’ebweru n’ekituuti kya chassis ya loole ku njuyi zombi, ERA zingako olujegere lwa alloy olugereddwa oba kwata ppini y’ekyuma ekisiba engooma engooma esobole okutambula ne bwe kiba nti layini ya mazzi eri okusaliddwako.
• Waayo empewo ewalirizibwa obutasalako, okukuuma enfuufu ya silika mu kussa, n’omukozi omutendeke omukozi w’ekifo ekizibiddwa ayimiridde ebweru w’ekisenge.
• Ku Hoppers ezifuna Pampu za Seminti (S-Tube ne Remixer Auger):
• Tolinnyangako ku kyuma ekikuuma ekyuma ku hopper ya pampu ya seminti nga yingini ekola, era totuukako oba okusitula ekisenge kya hopper okugogola jjaamu y’amayinja n’emikono gyo oba ekisero ng’amaanyi g’amazzi gakola.
• S-valve (rock valve) munda mu hopper ekyuka n’edda n’emabega nga erina ttani eziwerako ez’amaanyi ag’okusala amazzi agatondebwawo ekyuma ekikuŋŋaanya amazzi ekirimu nayitrojeni nga kikola ku 140 ku 200 bar (2,000 ku 2,900 psi).
• Okulabula okukulu mu accumulator: Okukuba E-Stop oba okuggala yingini ya dizero ya loole ya pampu TEKIfuula hopper ya bulabe okuggyako nga nitrogen hydraulic accumulator bleed-down valve egguddwawo era pressure gauge esoma 0 bar (0 psi); puleesa ya nayitrojeni eterekeddwa mu accumulator esobola okukuba S-valve ku mabbali omulundi gumu ogusembayo n’amaanyi agamala okusalako ekigere oba omukono amangu ago; laba hydraulic hose pinhole okubutuka, amazzi agookya okufuuyira ignition, n’omusaayi accumulator-down.

Okununula omukozi omutendera ku mutendera ogusibiddwa mu ngoma y’okutabula oba mu hopper ya ppampu¶

1. Ggala amasannyalaze era osse omusaayi mu hydraulic accumulator (ku pump hoppers):
2. Ku seminti ppampu hopper entrapment, ggalawo yingini ya dizero ERA amangu ago kyusa manual accumulator dump/bleed valve ku ziro nga tonnaba kuteeka hydraulic rescue spreaders, oba S-tube eyinza okukuba okudda emabega okubuna ekitundu ky’omuntu ayisiddwa nga esumuluddwa.
3. Ku mutego gw’engooma y’omutabula seminti, ggalawo yingini ya loole era mangu ddala vuga ebiwujjo by’embaawo wansi w’enjuyi zombi ez’ekisusunku ky’engooma eky’ekyuma eky’ebweru engooma ereme kuyiringisibwa emabega ng’ekitundu ky’omugenzi kisumuluddwa.
4. Tokyusakyusa ngoma ya mixer wansi w'amaanyi okusumulula omukozi akwatiddwa: Okugezaako "okudduka" lever y'engooma y'amazzi mu reverse kitwala backlash mu ngeri etategeerekeka era emirundi mingi kisika omuntu ayisiddwa mu buziba mu spiral T-blades. Mu kifo ky’ekyo, abakozi abadduukirira omuliro bajja kukozesa emimuli gya oxy-acetylene / plasma, emiggo egy’okusala egy’ebbugumu ery’ebweru, oba ebisala eby’amazzi ebizito okusala eddirisa eriyingira okuyita mu kisusunku ky’engooma eky’ekyuma ekya milimita 5 (yinsi 3/16) oba okusala ekiwaawaatiro ky’okutabula eky’omunda okuva ku muntu akubwa nga bwe banyogoza ekyuma n’okufuuyira amazzi n’okukuuma omugenzi n’emifaliso egy’okuweta.
5. Siiga tourniquet nga tonnasumulula kitundu kya kitundu ekibetenteddwa oba ekisaliddwako: Singa auger oba S-valve emenya oba esala ekitundu ku mukono oba okugulu munda mu hopper ya seminti, ssaako tourniquet ya windlass sentimita 5 ku 7 (yinsi 2 ku 3) okumpi n’ekifo w’onyiga nga tonnazzaayo bbalaafu olwo omusaayi omunene ogw’emisuwa ne gutabaawo mu kikuta kya seminti omubisi; laba okuvaamu omusaayi.

Alkaline concrete chemical burns (pH 13) n’okufuumuuka amaaso¶

Lwaki seminti omubisi aleeta okwokya okw'eddaala ery'okusatu okutaliimu bulumi ("Cement Poisoning")¶

Butto wa seminti wa Portland omukalu alimu ekirungo kya calcium oxide (quicklime). Amazzi ag’amangu gatabulwa ne seminti okukola seminti, omusenyu, oba shotcrete eyeetegese okutabula, enkola y’okufukirira amazzi efulumya saturated calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ne potassium hydroxide, okulinnyisa alkalinity y’ekikuta ky’amazzi amabisi okutuuka ku pH ecaustic ennyo eya 12.5 okutuuka ku 13.5, kumpi nga alkaline nga liquid drain omuyonjo. Trace hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) mu seminti nayo ereeta obulwadde bw’olususu obw’amaanyi obuva ku allergy.

Obutafaananako asidi ez’amaanyi, ezigatta obutoffaali bw’olususu ne zifuuka ekikuta ekikuuma (eschar) ekikoma okuyingira mu buziba era ne kireeta obulumi obw’amangu obw’amaanyi, alkali ez’amaanyi nga seminti omubisi zikola ekintu ekikontana ddala:

1. Liquefaction necrosis and saponification: Calcium ne potassium hydroxide bifuula amasavu ag’obutonde agali mu lususu lw’omuntu okufuuka ssabbuuni (saponification), ne bisaanuusa obuwuka obuyitibwa cell membranes ne bisima mpolampola mu masavu agali wansi w’olususu, emisuwa, n’ebinywa okumala ebbanga lyonna seminti omubisi bw’asigala ku lususu.
2. Okusaanyaawo obusimu mu ngeri ey’obulimba ("Boot burns"): Seminti omubisi bw’agwa waggulu ku bbuutu za kapiira z’omukozi oba okunnyika ng’ayita mu mpale z’omulimu ezifukamidde, alkali asaanyaawo ebikwata obulumi obw’okungulu ate omusenyu n’amayinja agasiiga ne bisenya olususu olw’ebweru. Olw’okuba enkola y’amazzi ebugumya seminti katono, omukozi awulira ebbugumu oba okusiiwa okutono kwokka era n’asigala ng’akola okumala essaawa 2 ku 6. Bwe bamaliriza okuggyako engatto n’amasokisi ku nkomerero ya ssifiiti, olususu oluli waggulu w’ebisambi, enkizi, n’ebigere luba nzirugavu, nga lulinga amaliba, oba nga lukulukuta mu amabwa g’eddagala aga ddaala ery’okusatu agajjudde obuwanvu nga kyetaagisa okulongoosebwa okusimbuliza olususu.

Obuyambi obusookerwako ku kwokya olususu olwa seminti omubisi n’okufuumuuka kw’amaaso¶

1. Ku Sementi Omubisi oba Grout mu Maaso (Ophthalmic Emergency):
2. Tandika okunaaza eriiso mu sikonda 10 ng’okozesa ekifo eky’okunaaba amaaso ekigoberera ANSI, omunnyo ogutaliimu buwuka, oba ttaapu yonna ennyonjo ekulukuta oba amazzi g’omu bidomola.
3. Kwata ebikowe by’amaaso nga biggule n’engalo zo, yiringisiza ekikuta ky’amaaso mu njuyi zonna, era mpola okyuse (flip) ebikowe ebya waggulu n’ebya wansi okunaaba obutundutundu bw’omusenyu n’obutundutundu bwa lime ebikwatiddwa okuva mu nnyatika enzito ez’omu kkubo (fornices); obutundutundu bwa seminti obukuumiddwa wansi w’ekibikka eky’okungulu bujja kusigala nga busaanuusa ekitundu ky’amaaso okumala essaawa eziwera.
4. Weeyongere okufukirira awatali kutaataaganyizibwa okumala waakiri eddakiika 20 ku 30 okutuukira ddala mu ddwaaliro; laba obuvune mu maaso ne seminti, seminti omubisi, okwokya eddagala lya alkali, n’okukwatibwa amaaso ga lime.
5. Ku Sementi Omubisi ku Lususu oba Boots ez'omunda:
6. Ggyako bbuutu, amasokisi, ggalavu n’empale ezinywezeddwa seminti mu bwangu.
7. Sooka osiimuule butto wa seminti yenna omukalu (okugattako akawoowo akatono ak’amazzi mu seminti omukalu kikola enkola ya exothermic alkali reaction; bulijjo kozesa amazzi agakulukuta aganene).
8. Fulumya olususu wansi w’amazzi agannyogoga okumala eddakiika 15 ku 20 ng’okozesa ssabbuuni omugonvu ataliimu pH okuggyamu ekikuta kya seminti ekikwatagana nga tosiiga bitundu bibisi.
9. Okukozesa okunaaba vinegar nga buffered ku lususu olutaliiko kamogo oba olumyuuka katono: Olw’okuba calcium hydroxide yeekwata n’obukakanyavu ku puloteyina z’olususu ne bwe zimala okunaaba n’amazzi amayonjo, ebiragiro ebikwata ku by’okwerinda ku seminti ku mirimu (nga mw’otwalidde NIOSH, OSHA, ne ACPA) weetegereze nti okunaaba olususu olubadde lufuuse seminti ne vinegar omweru ow’omu nnyumba (5% acetic acid diluted with water) oba commercial pH-buffering solution oluvannyuma lw’okusooka okunaaba amazzi kiyamba okumalawo residual surface alkalinity ku lususu olutaliiko kamogo. Toyiwa TO yiwa vinegar mu maaso oba ku biwundu ebiggule ennyo, ebivaamu omusaayi.
10. Ebitundu byonna ebirimu ebizimba, enzirugavu oba ebibisi bikkako gaasi atali buwuka era onoonye okwekenneenya okwokya okw’abasawo amangu ddala; laba okwokya.

Ennamba z’embeera ez’amangu mu bitundu n’ebiragiro by’ebitongole¶

Bw’oba ​​oyita obuyambi obw’amangu mu kifo awayiwa seminti, laga oba ekibaddewo kizingiramu okulumwa ekikonde kya hoosi ya puleesa eya waggulu, omukozi asibiddwa mu ngoma/hopper y’okutabula, okukwatagana kwa layini y’amasannyalaze waggulu, oba okununula ku ddeeke empanvu nga kyetaagisa tower crane man-basket. Laba ennamba z’amangu.

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Lwaki ppampu ya seminti eya kapiira end-hose ekuba mangu n’amaanyi okuyita ku ddeeke?¶

Enkomerero ya ppampu ya seminti ekuba emiggo ng’ensawo y’empewo enyigirizibwa esibiddwa munda mu payipu y’okutuusa, ebiseera ebisinga mu kiseera ppampu esooka okutandika, oluvannyuma lw’okugattako oba okuggulawo ekitundu kya payipu, nga hopper efuna eddukira wansi nnyo n’esonseka empewo mu ssilindala, oba emabega w’olwazi oluzibiddwa. Olw’okuba ppampu ya seminti ow’amazzi ekola ku sipiidi ya bbaala 70 ku 200 (1,000 ku 2,900 psi), ensawo eyo ey’empewo ekwatiddwa enyigirizibwa okutuuka ku puleesa y’empewo esukka emirundi 80 emabega w’ekikuta ekizito ekya seminti. Akaseera katono pulagi ya seminti bw’egogola ensonga ya hoosi ya kapiira ewaniridde ku nkomerero, empewo enyigirizibwa egaziwa mu ngeri ey’okubwatuka mu milisekondi, n’ekuba aggregate okuvaayo ng’emmundu era n’ekuba hoosi ya kilo 80 (pawundi 175) mu nneekulungirivu ez’effujjo.

Lwaki kimenya mateeka era kitta okuteeka ekiyungo ky’ekyuma ku nsonga y’okufulumya amazzi wansi ku hoosi ya ‘hanging boom end-hose’?¶

Standard rubber boom end-hose (drop hose) ekoleddwa okuba n'ekiyungo ky'ekyuma ku nkomerero yaayo eya waggulu yokka we yeenyweza ku ntikko ya steel boom, n'ereka enkomerero y'okufulumya wansi nga kapiira omugonvu, atayungibwa ("single-ended hose"). Singa omukozi assaako hoosi eriko enkomerero bbiri oba n’aleka ekiyungo eky’ekyuma, ekikendeeza oba ekikwaso ekiyungiddwa ku nsonga eya wansi eya hoosi ewaniriddwa mu ddembe, era ensawo y’empewo n’ereetera hoosi okukuba, ekiyungo ekyo eky’ekyuma ekizito kiwuubaala ku sipiidi esukka mu mmita 30 buli sikonda (70 mph), nga kikola ng’omupiira ogumenya ogumenya enkoofiira enkalu, ebiwanga, n’embavu bwe zikuba.

Lwaki tolina kukozesa mpewo enyigirizibwa okugogola layini ya ppampu ya seminti eggaddwa ng’amazzi aga puleesa galiwo?¶

Payipu ya seminti bw’ezibikira era abakozi ne bayunga ekyuma ekinyiga empewo ekya puleesa ennene okusika omupiira gwa sipongi ku kizibiti, obuwanvu bwonna obwa payipu emabega w’ekizibiti bujjula empewo enyigirizibwa eterekeddwa ng’ensulo ennene ey’empewo. Akaseera ekizibiti kya seminti we kimenyeka n’atandika okutambula, okusikagana kukendeera mangu era empewo enyigirizibwa egaziwa n’eyanguya slug ya seminti enzito n’omupiira gwa sipongi wansi mu payipu ku sipiidi esukkulumye ku maloboozi. Okuggyako nga hoosi y’enkomerero ya kapiira eggiddwawo era ng’ekyuma ekikwata omupiira eky’ekyuma ekikakasibwa kissiddwa ku nkomerero ya payipu eriko ennanga, pulagi efulumya amazzi ne payipu y’okukuba bijja kutta omuntu yenna ali mu maaso gaayo. Amazzi agateekeddwako puleesa teganyigirizibwa, kale amangu ddala nga pulagi etambula, puleesa ekka bulungi awatali kugaziwa kwa kubwatuka.

Engoma etabula seminti eyinza etya okubetenta omukozi ali munda mu yo ne bwe kiba nti yingini ya loole eya dizero ezikiddwa?¶

Abakozi abalinnya munda mu ngoma ya seminti etabuddwa nga mwetegefu n’ennyondo ya jackhammer okukutula seminti ekalubye ebikuŋŋaanyiziddwa boolekagana n’akabi ak’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize akayitibwa drum rollback. Singa kkiro 500 ku 1,500 (pawundi 1,100 ku 3,300) eza seminti omukalu asibiddwa mu ngeri etaali ya kyenkanyi ku ludda olumu olw’omunda mu ngoma, endongo eba evudde mu bbalansi nnyo. Ne bwe kiba nti yingini ya dizero evuddeko ate nga n’ekisumuluzo kya ignition kiggiddwawo, ng’omukozi akuba seminti oba singa amazzi agava mu mazzi gavaamu omusaayi mpola nga gayita ku seals za mmotoka ezivuga amazzi, ekisikirize kireetera oludda oluzito olw’engooma y’ekyuma ekiweza ttani eziwera okuyiringisibwa wansi diguli 90 ku 180, ne kibetenta omukozi munda oba okuzisala ku kifo we baggulawo ekkubo. Bulijjo ssika bulooka z’embaawo enkalu wansi w’enjuyi zombi ez’ekisusunku ky’engooma era osibe enjegere ng’engooma tonnayingira.

Lwaki okwokya kwa seminti omubisi munda mu bbuutu z’emirimu kutera obutategeerekese okutuusa nga kulongoosebwa mu bwangu mu ddaala ery’okusatu?¶

Wet Portland sement paste erina caustic pH ya 12.5 ku 13.5 olw’ebirungo bya calcium, sodium, ne potassium hydroxides ebikolebwa nga seminti akwatagana n’amazzi. Seminti omubisi bw’agwa munda mu bbuutu z’omukozi oba okunnyika ng’ayita mu mpale ezifukamidde, alkali ow’amaanyi asaanuusa amasavu g’olususu (saponification) n’asaanyaawo enkomerero z’obusimu obulumwa kungulu ate omusenyu ogusiiga gusiiga olususu olw’ebweru. Olw’okuba enkola y’eddagala ewulikika ng’ebuguma katono era n’ezimba olususu, abakozi batera okuleka seminti omubisi munda mu bbuutu zaabwe okumala essaawa eziwera, ne bakizuula ku nkomerero y’olunaku nti ebisambi byabwe n’enkizi byayokebwa nnyo, mu buwanvu obujjuvu mu ddaala ery’okusatu nga kyetaagisa okusimbuliza olususu.

Ekitabo kino kiwa obukuumi bw’ebyuma ebizimba, lockout/tagout, n’ebiragiro by’okulumwa n’okwokya mu bwangu era tekidda mu kifo ky’okutendekebwa kw’omuddukanya ppampu ya seminti okukakasibwa oba obujjanjabi obw’ekikugu. Lowooza ku ky’okukola omusomo gw’obujjanjabi obusookerwako ne CPR ku mulimu ng’oyita mu Red Cross, St John Ambulance, oba ekitongole kyo eky’obukuumi mu kuzimba mu ggwanga lyo.

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Obuvune bw’emmundu ezifuuwa empewo enyigirizibwa n’okuzimba empewo
• Okuziyira mu kifo ekizibiddwa: ebinnya by’abantu, siilo, ne ttanka
• Okubutuka kwa pinhole ya hoosi ya mazzi, okufuuyira amazzi agookya, n’okuvaamu omusaayi mu accumulator
• Seminti, seminti omubisi, okwokya eddagala lya alkali, n’okukwatibwa amaaso ga lime
• Obuvune mu maaso

Ensonda n’obulagirizi obutongole¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): 29 CFR 1926.701 & 1926.702 Ebyetaago by’ebikozesebwa n’ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba seminti n’amayinja ne Ekiragiro kya OSHA ku kukola seminti mu kifo ekizibiddwa
• American Concrete Pumping Association (ACPA) & ASME: ASME B30.27 Enkola z'okuteeka ebintu mu mutindo gw'obukuumi n'ekitabo ky'obukuumi bwa Hose-Man
• Omulimu ogw’obukuumi Australia: Ekitabo ky’okuddukanya akabi mu kuzimba: Okupampagira seminti
• Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’obulamu n’obukuumi (HSE, United Kingdom) & Construction Plant-hire Association (CPA): Ekitabo ky’enkola ennungi: Okukozesa ppampu za seminti mu ngeri ey’obukuumi
• Ekitongole kya National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, Amerika): Okuziyiza Ebizibu by’Olususu okukola ne Seminti wa Portland