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Ukudilika kodonga lwedama lokuqubha elingaphezulu komhlaba okanye ukuphuphuma kwamanzi ngequbuliso

Amanani kaxakeka ayohluka ngokwamazwe. Eli phepha lisebenzisa u-911, inani laseMelika naseKhanada. Amanye amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa i-112, 999, okanye elinye inani. Fumana inombolo yelizwe lakho.

Iqula lokuqubha eliphezu komhlaba libamba phakathi kwe-19,000 kunye ne-76,000 yeelitha (5,000 kunye nama-20,000 eegaloni) zamanzi ezinobunzima obufikelela kwi-76 yeetoni zemetric (167,000 yeeponti). Xa ipaneli yodonga lwentsimbi edlekileyo iqhekeka, ikhonkco lenkxaso limile, okanye i-vinyl liner ikrazula ivuleke, loo mthamo uphela wamanzi ukhupha kwi-15 ukuya kwi-90 imizuzwana njengezandyondyo zezandyondyo zendlu etshabalalisayo. Oku kugaleleka ngequbuliso kunokutshayela abantwana kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ngaphaya kweyadi ziye kwiingcingo okanye ezitalatweni, kuntywiliselwe iintambo zempompo ze-volt eziyi-120 okanye ezingama-240-volt, kuqhekeze iifestile eziphuma ezantsi, kwaye ziwe phantsi iindonga ezigcina amanzi.

Yenza oku ngoku

  1. Iakhawunti yendadi nganye, umntwana, kunye nesilwanyana sasekhaya ngoko nangoko kwaye sifudukela kwindawo ephakamileyo: Udonga lwedama olugqabhukileyo ludala umbhobho osebenza ngamandla we-hydraulic oyi-0.6-to-1.2-meter (2-to-4-foot) otsala abantu abaqubhayo kwiphepha elijijekileyo elikrazukileyo lize libotshwe kucingo olujikelezileyo, kwiindonga zedesika, okanye kwipali yedekhi. Memeza ukuze ucoce iyadi, tsala wonke umntu ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kwamanzi kwiveranda ephakamileyo okanye ngaphakathi kwindlu, kwaye ungangeni kwindlela yamanzi ehambayo.
  2. Ungaze ungene engceni ezele zizikhukula, amadibi, okanye umgangatho omanzi ongaphantsi kufutshane nesixhobo sedama: Amanzi aqukuqelayo adla ngokukrazula impompo yesihluzi sedama, ijenereyitha yeklorini yetyuwa, kunye nesifudumezi sombane kwiipads zabo zokukhwela ngelixa isekethe isasebenza. Ukunyathela kumanzi edama elisebenza ngamandla okanye ingca emanzi kumgama weemitha ezili-10 (iinyawo ezingama-33) kwiplagi yempompo entywilisiweyo okanye intambo yolwandiso lwentambo kunokubangela ukurhaxwa kombane okubulalayo okanye ukurhaxwa ngumbane.
  3. **Cima umbane wendlu kunye ne-pool kuphela kwiphaneli eyome ngokupheleleyo **: Ukuba unokufikelela kwipaneli yakho yenkonzo yombane engundoqo ngaphakathi kwindlu ngaphandle kokunyathela kumgangatho ongaphantsi omanzi okanye ikhonkrithi emanzi, jika i-pool subpanel breaker (okanye indlu **Inkonzo ePhambili yokuqhawula i-breaker **) ukuya kwindawo ** OFF **. Ukuba indawo engaphantsi komhlaba sele ikhukula ukusuka kwi-pool wave, hlala ngaphandle kwesiseko ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubize umbane kunye nesebe lomlilo ngaphandle.
  4. Fowunela inombolo yakho kaxakeka yasekhaya ukuba nabani na wonzakele, ukhukuliswe, okanye uvaleleke: Tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yakho yexesha likaxakeka (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kulo lonke elaseEuropean Union, 999 eUnited Kingdom, okanye 000 eOstreliya) okanye ujonge amanani kaxakeka ulawulo. Xela ukudilika kwesakhiwo sedama lokuqubha elinokubakho kwishiti-yentsimbi, iintambo ezintywiliselweyo zombane, okanye ukuvaleka komgangatho ongaphantsi.
  5. Phuma kumagumbi angaphantsi kunye namagumbi angaphantsi kwebanga ngoko nangoko: I-40,000-litre (10,500-gallon) ebetha kwicala lendlu igcwalisa amaqula efestile angaphantsi ngemizuzwana, ivuthela iipaneli zeglasi phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic kwaye ijike igumbi elisezantsi libe yindawo yokurhaxwa kunye nomgibe wombane. Yenza wonke umntu anyuke kumgangatho osezantsi phambi kokuba uzame nayiphi na indlela yokuguqula amanzi.
  6. Lumkisa ezantsi kunye nabamelwane abakufutshane ngokukhawuleza: Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezithambekileyo, amashumi amawaka eelitha zamanzi akloriniweyo aya kugalela ngeentambo zocingo ukuya kwiiyadi ezimeleneyo, iigaraji ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi, iindawo zokukhwela, kunye nemisele yezaqhwithi zasezitalatweni phakathi komzuzu omnye ukuya kwemi-2. Fowuna okanye ukhwaze kubamelwane abasecaleni kunye nabasezantsi ukuze basuse abantwana, izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezithuthi ngaphandle kwendlela yokuhamba.

Ukugqabhuka kodonga lwedama kunye nokuhamba kwesigqibo sokuntywila ngasemva kweyadi

Landela olu landelelwano xa udonga lwamachibi luqhuma, luqhekeka, okanye lukhulula amaza esikhukula kwipropati yakho.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ukuqhekeka kodonga lwePool, Ukwahlulwa, okanye ukuNgqobhoka kweLiner"] --> ActiveCheck{"Ngaba uDonga sele Lugqabhukile okanye Ngaba Amanzi Ayaphuma?"}
    ActiveCheck -->|YES: Active Collapse / Flash Surge| ClearPeople["1. Tsala bonke abadadi, abantwana, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya ukuya kwiveranda ephakamileyo okanye kwigumbi eliphezulu; uhlale ngaphandle kwendlela"]
    ClearPeople --> ElecCheck{"Ngaba indlela eya kwiPaneli ye-Indoor Main Breaker 100% Yomile?"}
    ElecCheck -->|No: Basement Flooding or Wet Floor| StayOut["2. HLALA NGAPHANDLE kwendawo engaphantsi kunye namanzi eyadi; fowunela 911 / 112 / 999 kunye Utility Electric evela ngaphandle"]
    ElecCheck -->|Yes: Dry Indoor Access| CutBreaker["2. I-Flip Pool Breaker kunye ne-Basement Breakers OFF kwipaneli engundoqo usebenzisa ubuchule bomntu omnye"]
    CutBreaker --> TraumaCheck{"Ngaba iPhepha leMetal elikrazukileyo lisike nabani na okanye ngaba iglasi yeWindows yavuthela ngaphakathi?"}
    TraumaCheck -->|Yes: Severe Bleeding or Entrapment| Call911["3. Fowunela u-911/112/999 ngoko nangoko; faka uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo ngelaphu elicocekileyo kwimitya yesinyithi"]
    TraumaCheck -->|No: Property Surge Only| ProtectFoundation["3. Lumkisa abamelwane abahlayo, vala irhasi/HVAC ukuba ifakwe emanzini, kwaye uhlole isiseko xa amanzi ewuthile."]
    ActiveCheck -->|NO: Pre-Collapse Warning Signs Only| EvacPool["1. Phuma wonke umntu echibini nakwidekhi ngokukhawuleza; gcina i-15 yeemitha (50 iinyawo) umva ukusuka kwicala eliqhumayo"]
    EvacPool --> CutPump["2. Cima isiqhekezi sempompo yamanzi kwiphaneli yangaphakathi ukuze impompo ingome okanye iphume imfutshane"]
    CutPump --> ControlledDrain["3. Qalisa iphon yomxhuzulane elawulwayo okanye umjelo wenkunkuma wezibuko ukuya kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka osisitalato kude neziseko."]

Ifiziksi yokudilika kwedama elingaphezulu komhlaba: Umthwalo we-Hydrostatic kunye neengozi ze-sheet-metal

Abaninimzi bahlala bejongela phantsi amandla atshabalalisayo edama elingasemva kwendlu kuba amanzi emi kuphela kwi-1.2 ukuya kwi-1.37 yeemitha (48 ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-54) ubunzulu. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi anobunzima obuyikhilogram e-1 ilitha nganye (i-8.34 yeeponti ngegaloni nganye yase-US), oku kuthetha ukuba idama losapho eliqhelekileyo ligcina i-kinetic elingana ne-semi-trailer ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezifakwe umva ngebhanti ebhityileyo yentsimbi esongiweyo okanye i-vinyl-coated mesh.

Ubungakanani bePool kunye noHlobo Umthamo wamanzi kwiiLitha (iiGaloni zase-US) Ubunzima baManzi bubonke kwiiToni zeMetric (iiponti) Incopho yobunzulu bezandyondyo zezandyondyo kwiimitha ezi-3 (iiFithi ezili-10) ukusuka kuKwaphulwa Iingozi eziphambili zoomatshini kunye nezakhiwo ngexesha lokuqhekeka
4.5-imitha (15-foot) Round Soft-Sided okanye iPool yefreyim 16,800 ukuya ku-19,000 L (4,400 ukuya ku-5,000 gal) I-16.8 ukuya kwi-19.0 yeetoni zeemetric (37,000 ukuya kwi-41,800 lbs) 25 ukuya ku-40 cm (10 ukuya kwi-16 ngaphakathi) Iipali ze-tubular eziphezulu zikaloliwe zibetha ngaphandle; abantwana abasacathulayo banqunyulwe iinyawo baze bathwaliswe imiqobo eyadini; amaqula efestile akufutshane nokuzaliswa kwedama kunye nokuphuphuma.
I-5.5-imitha (18-foot) eRound Steel-Wall Pool 29,000 to 32,500 L (7,600 to 8,600 gal) 29.0 ukuya kwi-32.5 yeetoni zeemetric (64,000 ukuya kwi-71,700 lbs) 40 ukuya 60 cm (16 ukuya 24 ngaphakathi) Umthungo oseludongeni lwentsimbi edlekayo ovula uziphu njengetoti yetoti; incakuba ebukhali ishiti lesinyithi izabhokhwe ephuma ngaphandle kwi-30+ km/h (19+ mph); Iingcingo zobumfihlo zamaplanga ziyaqhawuka kwiziseko zeposi.
I-7.3-imitha (24-foot) eRound Steel-Wall Pool 51,000 ukuya 55,000 L (13,500 ukuya 14,500 gal) 51.0 ukuya kwi-55.0 yeetoni zeemetric (112,500 ukuya kwi-121,000 lbs) 60 ukuya 90 cm (24 ukuya 36 ngaphakathi) I-hydraulic bore enkulu igxotha ifanitshala yepatio, iigrill zegesi, kunye neeshedi zokugcina; yaphula iifestile eziphuma ngaphantsi; uhlamba umhlaba phantsi kwee-slabs zekhonkrithi kunye ne-AC condensers.
4.5-by-9.1-imitha (15-by-30-foot) Ovali okanye 8.5-imitha (28-foot) Round Pool 62,000 ukuya 76,000 L (16,500 ukuya 20,000 gal) 62.0 ukuya kwi-76.0 yeetoni zeemetric (137,000 ukuya kwi-167,500 lbs) 75 ukuya kwi-120 cm (30 ukuya ku-48 ngaphakathi) Ukugutyungelwa kobume obuyintlekele; iidekhi zamadama ezincanyathiselweyo ziyawa; iindonga zokugcina ziyasilela; iimoto ezipakiweyo zitshintshelwe kwiindlela zokuhamba; izikhukhula ezinzulu kwisiseko esisezantsi kwimizuzwana engama-45.

Ingozi ye-guillotine yokukrazula iindonga zedama lentsimbi

Amachibi aqinileyo emacaleni angaphezulu komhlaba asebenzisa ikhoyili eqhubekayo yentsimbi eyigalvanized eyi-0.4-to-0.7-millimeter-thick okanye i-aluminium sheet metal edityaniswe kwibhawuthi ethe nkqo (umthungo wokuvala). Xa umhlwa usenza buthathaka umphetho ongezantsi okanye iibholiti ezithe nkqo ukucheba phantsi komthwalo wehydraulic, ukuxinana kwehupula egcinwe kudonga olusetyhula kukhupha ngoko nangoko:

  • Ishiti-isabhokhwe sesinyithi kunye nokuqhekeka kwemithambo: Njengoko iitoni ezingama-50 zeemetric zamanzi zigqabhuka phakathi koqhekeko, iziphelo ezibini zodonga lwesinyithi olucekethekileyo zibhenela ngaphandle okwesikali esikhulu. Nabani na omi kufutshane nomjikelezo wedama okanye otshayele umsantsa ngamanzi abalekayo ujongana nzulu, neminxeba eyoyikisayo emilenzeni, esiswini, nakwimithanjana yasetyhini.
  • I-vortex yokufunxa ngaphakathi kweringi edilikayo: Ukuba iindadi zingaphakathi kwidama xa udonga luqhekeka okanye ukukrazuka komthungo omkhulu we-liner, ukuhla koxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo kudala umsinga othe tye obundlobongela odlula i-16 ukuya kwi-24 yeekhilomitha ngeyure (10 ukuya kwi-15 yeemayile ngeyure). Abantu abaqubhayo barhuqwa iinyawo kuqala okanye barhuqwe ngeenyawo kuqala okanye barhuqe entloko ngqo kwimbobo yentsimbi ejijekileyo baze babethelwe kuyo nayiphi na into esemazantsi omlambo (iingcingo, iiyunithi zokupholisa umoya, iindonga zezitena, okanye iimfumba zeenkuni).
  • Idekhi encanyathiselweyo encanyathiselweyo okanye edityanisiweyo yokudilika: Amachibi amaninzi angaphezulu komhlaba ajikelezwe ziidesika zomthi eziphakamileyo ezakhiwe ngogungxulo kunye nomgaqo kaloliwe wokuhombisa ongaphezulu. Xa udonga lwamachibi lugqabhuka, amanzi angxamile ayawukhuhla umhlaba ajikeleze ipali zekonkrithi ezingenzulwanga okanye abethe ngqo kwiipali zenkxaso ezithe nkqo ezi-10-by-10-centimeter (4-by-4-intshi), ewisa umgangatho ophakamileyo kunye nabani na omi kuwo kwibala lenkunkuma.

Danger

Ungaze uzame ukuxhathisa, ukutyhala ngasemva, okanye ubambe udonga lwedama eligobileyo, iposti yokuxhasa engqingqwa, okanye umthungo owahlulayo ngomzimba wakho, imitya yeratchet, okanye iibhodi zomthi ngelixa idama lizele. Akukho ntambo, umtya weratchet, okanye iinzame zomntu ezinokubamba umva i-30 ukuya kwi-70 yeetoni zeemetric zoxinzelelo lwamanzi lwe-hydrostatic, kwaye ukuma ecaleni kodonga lwentsimbi olucinezelekileyo kukubeka ngqo kwindlela yokubetha iishiti lentsimbi xa umthungo ucheba.

Iingozi zesibini ezisongela ubomi kwimizuzu emi-5 yokuqala

Nje ukuba i-wave yokuqala idlule kwiyadi, imeko kaxakeka itshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumonzakalo womzimba kunye nokutshona ukuya kwiingozi zombane, zesakhiwo, kunye negesi ngaphakathi nakwindawo ejikeleze ikhaya lakho.

1. Iingcingo zempompo yepompo entywilayo kunye neendawo zombane zangaphandle

Iimpompo zokucoca amanzi echibini ngaphezulu komhlaba, iiklorinator zamanzi etyuwa, ii-ozonator, kunye neempompo zobushushu zihlala kwipads ezikumgangatho ophantsi ngaphakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwi-2 yeemitha (3 ukuya kwi-6 iinyawo) eludongeni lwedama. Ngexesha lokudilika kodonga okanye i-skimmer-port blowout:

  • I-conduit ekrazukileyo kunye neentambo eziphantsi kwamanzi: I-hydraulic surge ikrazula imibhobho yamanzi e-PVC eguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-skimmer kunye ne-return port, idonsa injini yempompo enentambo kunye ne-120-volt okanye i-240-volt intambo yombane ngqo emanzini amileyo.
  • Ukhuseleko lwe-GFCI/RCD olungalunganga okanye olulahlekileyo: Ngelixa iikhowudi zombane zala maxesha (ezifana neNqaku leSizwe 680 leKhowudi yoMbane eUnited States) zifuna isiphazamisi seSekethe yeGround-Fault (GFCI) okanye iResidual Current Device (RCD) ukhuseleko kuzo zonke izixhobo zamadama, ufakelo oluninzi oludala, i-DIY extension-cord-cord setups, okanye i-weathered yangaphandle isetyenzisiwe
  • Izithambiso zombane kwingca emanzi kunye nekhonkrithi: Ukuba i-120V okanye i-240V yocingo olusebenza ngamandla ludibana nomhlaba omanzi okanye amanzi adityanisiweyo anekhlolinated (aqhuba kakhulu ngenxa yeetyuwa ezinyityilisiweyo kunye neeminerali), ukuthambeka kwamandla ombane ayingozi aphumela ngaphandle kwiyadi ukuya kwiingcingo zentsimbi. Musa ukubamba amasango esinyithi, ityathanga elibiyelweyo, iipatis zekhonkrithi ezimanzi, okanye isakhelo sedama de isaphuli-mthetho esikhulu sendlu okanye ipool subpanel sicinyiwe kwindawo eyomileyo yangaphakathi. Ngeeprothokholi ezinzulu zokuhlangula amanzi ombane, bona isikhokelo sethu iqula lokuqubha idrain entrapment kunye nokurhaxwa yi-electric shock.

2. Ifestile esezantsi ivuthelwe kakuhle kunye nokungena kwibakala elingaphantsi

Ukuba ikhaya lakho linomgangatho ongaphantsi okanye indawo yokuhlala engaphantsi komgangatho, idama eliqhekekileyo lisebenza njengesikhukula sasekhaya esiqondiswe ngokuthe ngqo kudonga lwakho lwesiseko:

  1. Ukungaphumeleli kweglasi yeHydrostatic: Iipayini enye okanye iipaneli eziphindwe kabini kwihopha engaphantsi kunye neefestile zesilayidi ziyilelwe ukugcina ngaphandle imvula nomoya, hayi i-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.0 yeemitha (2 ukuya kwi-3.3 iinyawo) zamanzi amileyo. Xa ifestile yentsimbi ecekethekileyo igcwalisa ungqameko lwamanzi echibini ngemizuzwana emi-5, amanzi asebenzisa iikhilogram ezingama-300 ukuya kwezingama-600 (iikhilogram ezingama-660 ukusa kwezili-1,320) zangaphakathi nxamnye neglasi, eqhekeza ifestile ngaphakathi njengogqabhuko-dubulo.
  2. Ifuthe leengxangxasi zeStairwell: Ukuba nabani na ukwigumbi elingaphantsi xa kuvuthuza ifestile, ezama ukunyuka izinyuko ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi ngelixa amawaka eelitha zamanzi egalela ezantsi kwizinyuko okanye ngokuvula ifestile anokuzitshayela zimke ezinyaweni zakhe, ngelixa ifanitshala edadayo ivala umnyango ongaphantsi.
  3. Izixhobo zombane eziphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezibane zokulinga izifudumezisi/izifudumezi zamanzi: Iisentimitha nje ezili-15 (ii-intshi ezi-6) zamanzi kumgangatho ongaphantsi afikelela kwiintambo zombane, iinjini zesikhenkcisi sesifuba, oomatshini bokuhlamba, kunye neebhodi zokulawula iziko. Ukufumana iinkqubo ezigcweleyo zokhuseleko lomgangatho ongaphantsi, dibana nathi indawo engaphantsi kwamanzi isikhokelo sikaxakeka.

3. Ukususwa kwetanki yepropane kunye nokucheba kwemitha yegesi yendalo

Udonga lwamanzi oluziikhilogram ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-70 luphakamisa kwaye luqengqeleka lula iikhilogram ezili-9 (iiponti ezingama-20) ze-BBQ zepropane, iitanki zesifudumezi esiziikhilogram ezingama-45 (iikhilogram ezili-100) kunye nezifudumezi zangaphandle, zizibethelela kwiindonga zendlu okanye zikrazule iintambo eziqinileyo zobhedu okanye igesi yegesi yendlu:

  • Mamela kwaye ujoje irhasi ngoko nangoko emva kokuba iliza lihlile: Ukuba uva isandi esikhalayo esikhulu kufutshane nesixhobo sakho sokufudumeza, ikhitshi langaphandle, okanye imitha yegesi yendlu, okanye ivumba leqanda elibolileyo le-mercaptan, yikhuphe indlu kunye neyadi ngokukhawuleza.
  • Musani ukusebenzisa izitshixo zombane: Ukuba intambo yegesi ichetyiwe, musa ukuphethula iiswitshi zokukhanya okanye iziqhekeza zeesekethe, njengoko i-arc encinci engaphakathi kweso sitshi inokukhanyisa irhasi evuzayo. Fowunela usetyenziso lwakho lwerhasi kunye nesebe lomlilo ukusuka ezantsi esitratweni. Bona wethu ukuvuza kwerhasi kwaye ukuvuza kwetanki yepropane izikhokelo zemithetho yokuzahlula ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo.

Uncedo lokuqala lokwenzakala ukuwa kwedama

Ukungaphumeleli kodonga lwedama kuvelisa indibaniselwano ethile yempembelelo ebuthuntu, kufutshane-ukutshona emanzini anekhlolinated kakhulu okanye inkunkuma-ezaliswe bubutyobo, kunye nokuqhekeka okukhulu kwentsimbi okanye iglasi eyaphukileyo.

1. Iishiti-intsimbi kunye neeglasi eziqhekeziweyo

Iindonga zamachibi entsimbi ezikrazukileyo kunye neefestile eziqhekekileyo ezisezantsi zibangela amanxeba anzulu, acocekileyo anokwahlula imithambo yegazi emikhulu ematholeni, emathangeni, kwiingalo, okanye esiswini:

  • Hambisa ixhoba kwindawo eyomileyo, engenamandla kuqala: Qinisekisa ukuba ixhoba alilalanga emanzini aqhagamshelwe kwintambo yempompo ephilayo phambi kokuba ulichukumise.
  • Faka uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo, oluluqilima oluthe ngqo: Beka itawuli yokuhlamba ecocekileyo, isikipa esisongiweyo, okanye iphedi yegauze oyinyumba ethe ngqo phezu kwenxeba kwaye ucinezele phantsi ngokuqinileyo ngezandla zozibini. Musa ukuphakamisa ilaphu ukujonga ukuba ukopha kuyekile na, njengoko oku kutsala kude kwenze amahlwili egazi; ukuba igazi liyatshona, beka enye itawuli ngaphezulu kwaye ucinezele ngakumbi.
  • Sebenzisa i-tourniquet yorhwebo ukopha kwilungu elibeka ubomi esichengeni: Ukuba igazi elibomvu eliqaqambileyo likhupha isingqi okanye lidibanisa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwinxeba lengalo okanye emlenzeni kwaye uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo alukwazi ukuyilawula, sebenzisa i-windlass tourniquet 5 ukuya kwi-7 yeesentimitha (2 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-3) ngaphezu kwenxeba kunye ne-twist kunye ngqo intonga de kuphele ukopha. Qaphela ixesha lokufaka isicelo kwaye ufowunele inombolo yakho kaxakeka ngokukhawuleza. Phonononga wethu ukopha kakhulu isikhokelo samanyathelo okulawula ukopha ngokupheleleyo.

2. Ukulangazelela amanzi echibi akloriniweyo kunye nobutyobo

Abantwana okanye abantu abadala bawela ngaphaya kweyadi ngedama elidilikayo bahlala bekhupha umlomo wamanzi amaninzi axutywe ne-diatomaceous earth (DE) yokucoca umgubo, isanti, ingca kunye nodaka:

  • Ukuba umntu akaphenduli kwaye akaphefumli ngokuqhelekileyo: Qalisa CPR ngokukhawuleza, ukuqala ngokuphefumla ukuhlangula ukuba uqeqeshelwe (okanye ukucinezelwa kwesifuba ngokuqhubekayo kwi-100 ukuya kwii-beats ze-120 ngomzuzu ukuya kubunzulu be-5 ukuya kwi-6 yeesentimitha / i-2 ukuya kwi-intshi ye-2.4 kumntu omdala) ngelixa omnye umntu ebiza iinkonzo zongxamiseko. Bona wethu ukurhaxwa isikhokelo soncedo lokuqala.
  • Qaphela ukulibaziseka koxinzelelo lokuphefumla (ukwenzakala okwesibini emiphungeni): Nokuba umntwana okanye umntu oqubhayo ahambe ekhohlela kwaye abonakale elungile emva kokuba etshayelwe liza, imichiza enqwenelekayo yechibi, imidiya yokucoca, okanye amanzi amdaka eyadini anokuyicaphukisa i-alveoli kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezingama-24 ezilandelayo. Funa uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango kwisebe likaxakeka ukuba umntu ukhohlela okuzingisileyo, ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo okanye okungephi, ukutswina, iintlungu zesifuba, ukomelela okungaqhelekanga, okanye imilebe ebhlohla.

Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuwa kwangaphambili: Ukubona njani ukusilela okuza kwenzeka kwidama ngaphambi kokuba kugqabhuke

Amachibi angaphezulu komhlaba aphantse angasileli ngaphandle naphi na. Kuninzi lwezakhiwo ezidilikayo eziphandwe ziinjineli zesakhiwo kunye neKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yeMthengi yase-US (CPSC), iimpawu ezibonakalayo zesilumkiso zoomatshini zazikhona iintsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kokugqibela.

Isilumkiso sakwangoko Ukusilela koomatshini Umngcipheko wokuwa ngesiquphe kweNtlekele Kufuneka inyathelo elikhawulezileyo
Amadyungudyungu erusa, intsimbi evuthulukayo, okanye umngxuma wokulila ecaleni kwe-15 cm (6 in) yodonga lwentsimbi Ukonakala kwangaphakathi nangaphandle (okukhawuleziswa zijenereyitha zeklorini yetyuwa okanye amanzi aneasidi) kutye ngokutyeba kwentsimbi yesakhiwo apho uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic luphezulu. Egqwesileyo (isondele ikhulula izip) Gcina wonke umntu ngaphandle kwedama kunye neyadi ngokukhawuleza; qalisa ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okungxamisekileyo ukuya kutsho kwi-30 cm (12 in) phambi kokuba umthungo onomhlwa wahlukane phantsi komthwalo.
umthungo webholithi eme nkqo (ibha yokuvala) equbuda ngaphandle okanye engekhoyo/echetyiweyo iintloko Yonke i-hoop tension yodonga lwesetyhula igxininiswe kumqolo othe nkqo we-20 ukuya kwi-30 bolts. Kanye ukuba iibholiti ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezidlekileyo ziyavela, iibholiti ezishiyekileyo zicheba kwisiphumo se-zipper esisabela ngekhonkco phakathi kwemizuzwana. Kakhulu (Imizuzwana ukuya kwiiyure) Phuma echibini kunye neyadi ejikelezileyo ngokukhawuleza; musa ukubamba okanye uqinise iibholithi ngelixa ugcwele; khupha ichibi ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa i-siphon ebekwe kude okanye umgca wenkunkuma wokumpompa.
Udonga lwephuli luphume-kwinqanaba ngaphezulu kwe-5 cm (2 ngaphakathi) ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye Ukuhlaliswa komhlaba, imingxuma ye-gopher/mole, okanye ukuvuza kwelinen ecothayo kuhlambe isanti/isiseko somhlaba oxineneyo kwicala elisezantsi, kushenxisa amawaka eekhilogram zokutyhala ngasecaleni ukuya kwiipaneli zodonga lokuhla kunye nokuma phezulu. Phakamileyo (Bucking Progressive) Misa konke ukuqubha ngoko nangoko (ukutsiba okanye ukushukuma kwamaza kunokuvusa ingcebiso yokugqibela); Khupha idama ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphinde uhlengahlengise isiseko somhlaba onyulu ngaphambi kokuphinda ugcwalise.
Umzila kaloliwe osezantsi okhatyelwa ngaphandle okanye udonga lwentsimbi oluphumela ngaphandle ngaphantsi komphetho ongezantsi Ukunyuka kweqabaka, ukuhlamba komhlaba, okanye ukufakela okungafanelekanga kwavumela umda ongezantsi wodonga lwentsimbi ukuba uphume kumzila ogobileyo ogcinayo, ushiya kuphela i-vinyl liner ebhityileyo ebambe uxinzelelo olusezantsi. Kakhulu (uqhushumbo olukhawulezileyo) Cacisa indawo yokhuseleko yeemitha ezili-15 (iinyawo ezingama-50) kwicala eliqhumayo; qala idreyini elawulwa ngoko nangoko ukusuka kwelinye icala le-pool.
Ilayini yevinyl yatsalwa kwiso elingaphezulu okanye eloluliweyo iphepha elibhityileyo kwindawo engenanto Ukuba ilitye elibukhali, ingcambu, okanye isinambuzane sigqobhoza i-vinyl eyoluliweyo apho ivala isithuba esingaxhaswanga kwisanti ye-cove, ukukrazula kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke ububanzi be-liner. Ephakamileyo (Izandyondyo zeLiner) Musa ukuzama ukutsala okanye ukuhleba ilina ngasemva ngelixa izele ngamanzi; yehlisa inqanaba lamanzi ubuncinane ngama-50 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini ngaphambi kokuzama naluphi na uhlengahlengiso lomzila.
Amacala athambileyo / etyhubhu yesakhelo imilenze yedama engqiyame ngaphaya kweedigri ezili-10 okanye ukugoba komqadi othe tye Umhlaba othambileyo emva kwemvula enkulu uye wavumela iipali zomlenze othe nkqo kwelinye icala ukuba zizike eludakeni, uthambeka wonke ubuninzi bamanzi kwicala elizikayo. Phezulu (Izandyondyo zesikhukula) Gcina abantwana echibini kwaye kude necala eliphantsi; Khipha idama ukuya kutsho kwi-30 cm (12 in) kwaye ufakele iipali zekhonkrithi eziqinileyo kunye nomhlaba phantsi komlenze ngamnye othe nkqo.

Warning

Iijenereyitha zeklorini yamanzi etyuwa (SWGs) ezifakelwe kwintsimbi eqhelekileyo emachibini angaphezulu komhlaba zinyusa isantya esisezantsi eludongeni kunye nerust yebolt-seam kuba eqhubekayo 3,000-to-4,000-ppm sodium chloride splash-out ihlasela nakuphi na ukukrwelana okuncinci kwi-zinc coating. Ukuba usebenzisa isixokelelwano samanzi etyuwa echibini lentsimbi engalungiswanga ngokuthe ngqo kwi-100 yepesenti yeepaneli ze-resin, i-aluminiyam, okanye i-stainless steel panels, hlola umzila ongezantsi ongezantsi kunye nebhawunti ethe nkqo ngetotshi rhoqo ngeveki.

Ukwenziwa njani umbhobho olawulwa ngokungxamisekileyo xa udonga lwamachibi luqhuma okanye lurusa

Ukuba ubona udonga oluqhumayo, i-bolt seam, umlenze wefreyimu ezikayo, okanye i-blister ye-rust enwebekayo ** phambi ** phambi kokuba i-pool iqhume, kufuneka ukhulule uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic ngokukhawuleza ngokuthoba inqanaba lamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic lukhula ngokulandelelana ngobunzulu ($ P = rho g h $), ** ukukhupha nje i-50 yepesenti ephezulu ye-pool ye-pool kunciphisa amandla angaphandle angaphandle kudonga oluthe nkqo ngama-75 ekhulwini **.

Imithetho ekhuselekileyo yokukhupha amanzi ngexesha likaxakeka

  1. Sula indawo yokudilika kuqala: Misela indawo engqongqo ekungangenwa kuyo kwindawo egobhozayo okanye ekwehleni yedama enande ubuncinane iimitha ezili-15 (iinyawo ezingama-50) ezantsi komsinga. Ungaze ume kwicala elibuthathaka ledama ukuze uqhoboshele imibhobho.
  2. Ungaze ukhuphe iqula elingaphezulu komhlaba lome ngokupheleleyo kwimimoya ephezulu: Nje ukuba uhlise inqanaba lamanzi ukuya kuma-30 ukuya kuma-45 eesentimitha (i-intshi ezili-12 ukuya kweziyi-18) ngaphezu komgangatho, isoyikiso sokuwa kwengxakeko sithintelwa. Shiya laa mazantsi eesentimitha ezingama-30 (ii-intshi ezili-12) zamanzi ngaphakathi kwedama de ube ukulungele ukuyiqhaqha; udonga lwentsimbi olungenanto ngokupheleleyo olungaphezulu komhlaba lunobukhukume obuqanda ngaphakathi kwaye luya kusongwa ngaphakathi njengekhadibhodi kwimpepho ye-30-km/h (19-mph), ukudiliza iidesika ezincanyathiselweyo okanye ukwenzakala kwabasebenzi.
  3. Ungaze ukhuphe amawaka eelitha zamanzi kwesakho okanye isiseko sommelwane okanye idreyini emdaka: Ukulahla iilitha ezingama-40,000 (iilitha ezili-10,500) zamanzi kwingca esecaleni kwendlu yakho ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-4 kuya kuthoba isiseko sokubuyisela umva, ukudilika kweendonga ezisezantsi, okanye kukhukulise amanzi akho. inkqubo ye-septic. Qhuba umbhobho wakho wokukhupha yonke indlela ukuya kwigutter yesitrato okanye i-drainage swale ekhethiweyo ekhokelela kude kuzo zonke izakhiwo.
  4. Sebenzisa impompo eluncedo entywilayo okanye iphon yomxhuzulane yegadi ukusuka kwicala elikhuselekileyo:
  5. Ukuba usebenzisa "INKAMA" okanye "BACKWASH" yesihluzi sedama: Khumbula ukuba isityibilizi sodonga lwedama sihlala kuphela iisentimitha ezili-15 (ii-intshi ezi-6) ngaphantsi komphetho ophezulu. Nje ukuba amanzi ehle ngaphantsi komlomo we-skimmer yeplastiki, impompo ephambili iya kufunxa umoya, ilahlekelwe yiprime, kwaye iyitshise imoto yayo kwimizuzu nje. Cima i-pool filter breaker ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba amanzi afikelele emazantsi omlomo we-skimmer.
  6. Yiwisa impompo yesump entywilayo emanzini embindini wedama ukusuka kwindawo eyonyukayo/icala elingagungqiyo: Qhoboshela umbhobho we-3.8-to-5-centimeter (1.5-to-2-intshi) wokukhupha umbhobho ogqithiselwa kungqameko lwesitrato, qhaga impompo kwindawo yokukhutshwa kwe-GFCI/RCD-ekhuselweyo kude ne-pool yamanzi ngeesentimitha ezi-6 (iisentimitha ezi-2), kwaye uhlise umbhobho wamanzi ngeesentimitha ezi-6.
  7. Ukuba awunayo impompo entywilayo emanzini, qalisa ezintathu okanye ezine ithumbu lombhobho wegadi: Gxilisa yonke ithumbu yegadi ebhijelweyo ngaphakathi echibini ukusuka kwicala elikhuselekileyo lokunyuka de kuphume amaqamza omoya, vala ubhontsi wakho ngokuqinileyo kwelinye icala, tsala isiphelo esivaliweyo ezantsi kwendlela okanye eyadini kwindawo esezantsi kunomgangatho wedama, kwaye ukhulule ubhontsi wakho. Imibhobho emine esemgangathweni yeemilimitha ezili-16 (i-intshi ezi-⅝) yegadi ngaxeshanye iyakususa malunga ne-7,500 ukuya kwi-9,500 yeelitha (iilitha ezi-2,000 ukuya kwezi-2,500) ngeyure ngaphandle kombane.

Ukulawula izantyalantyala zemvula yamanzi equkuqela (ukuhlamba umva ngengozi, umbhobho wokucoca ogqabhukileyo, okanye ivalve eyonakalisiweyo)

Ayizizo zonke izandyondyo zedama eziphuma kwintlekele yokudilika kodonga. Rhoqo ehlotyeni, amawakawaka asezantsi kunye neeyadi ezingabamelwane ziyakhukuliswa xa ivalve yesihluzo semultiport ishiywe ngempazamo kwi BACKWASH okanye INKUNKUMA indawo, umbhobho wokubuyisela wePVC obhetyebhetye uvuthuza umnwe wayo ohlabayo ngelixa impompo isebenza kwisibali-xesha esizenzekelayo, okanye iplagi yokuhambisa amanzi esezantsi ingasebenzi ngobusuku.

Impendulo yenyathelo-ngenyathelo kwipump-driven okanye i-hose-burst pool pool

  1. Vala impompo yamanzi kwisaphuli sesekethe sangaphakathi (hayi isitshixo sangaphandle esimanzi): Ukuba umbhobho wokubuya uvuthelwe kwisihluzo okanye impompo itshiza amanzi kwipadi yesixhobo, ibhokisi yesibali-xesha yangaphandle kunye neswitshi yokuguqula impompo imanzi. Yiya kwiphaneli yebreaker yombane yangaphakathi kwaye ujike isiqhekeza sempompo ye-pool ku-OFF*.
  2. Vala isityibilizi kwaye ubuyisele iivalvu zokuvala (okanye uvale izibuko ngaphakathi kwedama):
  3. Nasemva kokuba ucime injini yempompo, amanzi aya kuqhubeka egalela kumbhobho wokucoca owaphukileyo nge-gravity siphon kuba isihluzo kunye nempompo zihlala imitha eyi-1 (3.3 iinyawo) ngaphantsi komphezulu wamanzi echibini.
  4. Ukuba unako ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo echibini ukusuka kumgangatho owomileyo okanye kwicala elinyukayo, jika iivalvu zebhola zeplastiki okanye iivalvu zebhola ezinqumle ngaphantsi kwesityibilizi kwaye ubuyisele ijethi kwindawo IVALIWE.
  5. Ukuba i-pool yakho ayinazo iivalvu zokuvala (okanye umzimba wevalve ngokwawo ukrazulwe eludongeni), fikelela ngaphakathi echibini ukusuka kuloliwe ongaphezulu kwaye utyhale iplagi yokwandisa irabha yasebusika, ibhola yentenetya esongelwe kwingxowa yeplastiki, okanye ilaphu lokuhlamba eliqengqelekayo kumngxuma wokubuya ongqukuva kunye nasezantsi komngxuma we-skimmer basket. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi lwangaphakathi luya kufunxa iplagi ngokuqinileyo emngxunyeni kwaye kunqande ukuvuza ngoko nangoko.
  6. Phawula amanzi amileyo kude namaqula efestile angaphantsi kunye neendawo zokuvula isiseko:
  7. Sebenzisa imigqomo yokugcina iplastiki, iingxowa zomhlaba wokugalela okanye isigcina-kufuma, iibhodi zeplywood ezibotshelelwe ngeebhloko zekhonkrithi, okanye ikhaphethi emanzi eqengqelekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ibhem ejikayo yethutyana emile okwe-V eqondisa amanzi kwiikona zendlu ukuya kwindlela yokungena okanye yesitalato.
  8. Ukuba amanzi sele edibene kumaqula efestile angaphantsi kwamanzi, yehlisa impompo eluncedo engaphantsi kwamanzi kweyona festile inzulu ngaphambi kokuba umgangatho wamanzi unyukele phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukophula iglasi. Bona wethu ukusilela kwempompo ye-sump kwizikhukula isikhokelo sebhetri-backup kunye neendlela zokumpompa i-siphon.

Uluhlu lwasemva kokuwa kolwakhiwo, umhlaba, nokuhlolwa kokusingqongileyo

Nje ukuba isikhukula siphelile kwaye zonke iisekethe zombane ukuya eyadini kunye nomgangatho ophantsi ziqinisekisiwe, hlola ipropathi yakho kunye nezakhiwo ezikufutshane ukuze ujonge ukujongelwa phantsi kolwakhiwo olufihlakeleyo phambi kokuba uvumele nabani na ukuba ahambe eyadini.

  • **Jonga i-condenser zomoya, iimpompo zobushushu, kunye ne-condenser ye-condenser ye-condenser yomhlaba **: Ukophulwa kwe-pool yesantya esiphezulu kukhupha i-15 ukuya kwi-45 yeesentimitha (ii-intshi ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-18) zomhlaba ongaphezulu kunye negrabile ngaphantsi kweepadi ze-condenser ze-HVAC zangaphandle, ezibangela ukuba iyunithi ye-compressor enzima yokuxinzelela kunye ne-copper ye-copper. Ukuba iyunithi yakho ye-AC yoyame kwiidigri ezili-10, cima i-AC breaker kwindawo yolawulo engundoqo phambi kokuba umgca wobhedu ohluziweyo uqhekeke.
  • Hlola iindonga ezigcina induli kunye nemigca yocingo lwabamelwane: Amashumi amawaka eelitha zamanzi afunxwa ngoko nangoko emhlabeni emva kweplanga, ibhloko ecandekileyo, okanye udonga olugciniweyo olugaluliweyo luphinda-phinda ubunzima bomhlaba osecaleni emva kodonga ngama-200 ukuya kuma-300 epesenti. Jonga iindonga eziyameyo, iikhosi ezivuthulukayo, okanye iintanda ezitsha kwingca engaphezulu kwethambeka; bona wethu ukugcina ukusilela kodonga kunye nokudilika kweyadi yenduli isikhokelo.
  • Jonga imingxuma yokuntywila phezu kwetanki zeseptic, imingxuma eyomileyo, kunye nemisele esetyenziswayo: Ukuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwemisele yenkonzo ezaliswe ngasemva okanye amasimi agugayo anokubangela ukuthotywa komhlaba ngesiquphe. Gcina abantwana kude nakuphi na ukudakumba kwindawo egcweleyo.
  • Khusela okanye ugobe phantsi isinyithi esikrazukileyo esikrazukileyo: Ukunxiba iiglavu zesikhumba esinzima, iibhutsi ezishinyeneyo, kunye nokhuseleko lwamehlo, usonga ngaphezulu okanye ugqume imiphetho yodonga lwentsimbi ebukhali enerabha eyahlulahlulweyo yegadi okanye iitarp ezinzima ukuze abantwana basebumelwaneni, izilwanyana zasekhaya, okanye izilungelelanisi zeinshorensi zingasikwa.
  • Guqula amanzi anetyuwa okanye intsalela yeklorini enzima kwizityalo ezibuthathaka kunye necala lesinyithi: Ukuba idama lakho line-3,500 ppm yetyuwa (ephuma kwijenereyitha yeklorini yamanzi anetyuwa) okanye isandula ukunyangwa ngomothuko ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium hypochlorite, hlambulula i-aluminiyam, iikhoyili ze-HVAC zangaphandle, kwaye utsale ityuwa egadini egalelwe ityuwa egadini emva nje kokuba ugxobhoze igadi. ayidleki amaphiko esinyithi okanye itshise iingcambu zezityalo.
  • Bhala indawo yokusilela phambi kokusika okanye ukulahla udonga lwedama: Thatha iifoto ezicacileyo ezicacileyo zomthungo webholithi ethe nkqo ecandekileyo, ipaneli yodonga olunomhlwa, okanye i-vinyl liner ekrazukileyo, kunye nokudubula okubanzi kwendlela yamanzi kunye nomonakalo wepropathi, kubanini-zindlu kunye namaxwebhu e-inshurensi yetyala.

Tip

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda izandla ekulawuleni ukopha, i-CPR, kunye nezakhono zokuhlangula amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke imeko engxamisekileyo, thatha ikhosi yoncedo lokuqala eqinisekisiweyo kunye nekhosi yokhuseleko lwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-American Red Cross, iSt John Ambulance, iRoyal Life Saving Society, okanye i-Red Cross okanye i-Red Crescent yesizwe.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Can an above-ground swimming pool really cause serious flooding or structural damage if the wall bursts?

Yes, a typical 5.5-to-7.3-meter (18-to-24-foot) round above-ground pool holds 30,000 to 55,000 liters (8,000 to 14,500 gallons) of water weighing 30 to 55 metric tons (66,000 to 121,000 pounds). When a corroded steel wall panel or bolt seam splits, the entire volume releases in under 60 seconds as a 0.6-to-1-meter-deep (2-to-3.3-foot-deep) flash flood wave that can shatter basement egress windows, flood below-grade rooms, knock down wooden fences, shift parked vehicles, and sweep children across the yard.

What should I do if I see rust holes or a bulge near the bottom of my above-ground pool wall?

Keep all people and pets out of the pool and at least 15 meters (50 feet) away from the rusted or bulging side immediately, as the steel wall can unzip along the rust line without further warning. Never try to brace a bulging wall with straps or boards; instead, lower the water level immediately using a submersible pump or garden-hose gravity siphons placed from the safe uphill side until only 30 centimeters (12 inches) of water remains, which removes the outward hydrostatic pressure so the pool can be safely dismantled.

Why should you never drain a steel-wall above-ground pool completely dry during an emergency?

A hard-sided above-ground pool relies on the outward pressure of the water inside it to hold the thin circular sheet-metal wall upright and rigid. If you drain 100 percent of the water out, even a moderate 25-to-35-kilometer-per-hour (15-to-22-mile-per-hour) wind will blow the empty steel shell inward like a soda can and cause the vinyl liner to shrink and crack; always leave 30 to 45 centimeters (12 to 18 inches) of water in the bottom until you are actively taking the metal wall down.

Does homeowners insurance cover damage from an above-ground pool collapse?

Coverage depends heavily on your specific policy language and jurisdiction, as many standard homeowners policies distinguish between sudden accidental tearing apart of a system and gradual neglect from visible rust or earth movement. If a sudden pool collapse floods a neighbor's basement or damages their fence, your personal liability coverage may apply, whereas damage to the pool structure itself or your own basement often requires a specific pool or water-backup endorsement; photograph the exact failure seam immediately before cleanup and contact your insurer promptly.

Imithombo ijongiwe

  • IKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi eUnited States (CPSC, eUnited States): Izilumkiso zoKhuseleko lweNdawo yePool ePhezulu, iZikhumbuzo zePool yeFrame, kunye neziKhokelo zokuNxilwa kwindawo yokuhlala.
  • Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA, eUnited States): * I-NFPA ye-70 yeKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC) Inqaku le-680: Amachibi okubhukuda, iMithombo, kunye noFakelo oluFanayo (i-Bonding kunye neeMfuno ze-GFCI) *.
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States): IsiKhokelo soMnini Khaya sokuLungisa ngokutsha, iWindow ekwisiseko seWindow Well Imithwalo yeHydrostatic, kunye noKhuseleko lweSikhukula seFlash.
  • I-Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA / ANSI, eUnited States): * ANSI/PHTA/ICC-4 iMigangatho yeeNdawo zokuHlala eziNgaphezu komhlaba/ eziNgqongileyo (iMithwalo yeZakhiwo, ukuNyamezelwa kweNqanaba, kunye noKhuseleko lweMijelo)*.
  • I-American Red Cross kunye ne-International Federation ye-Red Cross kunye ne-Red Crescent Societies (IFRC): * Izikhokelo zoNcedo lokuQala ngokuBopha kakhulu kwangaphandle, iSicelo seTourniquet, kunye nokuBuyiselwa kweDrowning *.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo