Ukufudumeza iHaystacks kunye neMililo yeBhani ezenzekelayo: Imiyinge yoBuqondo obuBalulekileyo (65 C / 150 F) kunye nokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweBale¶

Kuzo zonke iifama zobisi, izitali zamahashe, iifama zeenkomo, kunye nemizi yamakhaya kwihlabathi jikelele, oyena nobangela ungoyena uphambili ungengombane wentlekele yomlilo wesibaya kunye nemfuyo kukutsha okuzenzekelayo kwefula emanzi, ialfalfa, clover, oat hay, okanye istraw**. Ngokungafaniyo nomlilo wasendle okanye intlantsi yoomatshini evutha umphandle wemfumba, ukutshiswa kwefula okuzenzekelayo kuqala ngokuthe cwaka 1 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha (iimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10) kubunzulu ngaphakathi kumbindi we-hay mow esandula ukupakishwa iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-6 emva kokuvuna. Xa ifula ibhali ngaphezu komda wayo okhuselekileyo wokufuma (> 18% to 20% ukufuma kwiibhali ezincinci zoxande, okanye > 14% to 16% ukufuma kwingqukuva enkulu okanye iibhali ezisikwere ezinkulu) ngaphandle kwesigcinakaliso sepropionic-asidi, ukuphefumla kweseli yesityalo esibanjiweyo kunye neebhiliyoni ze-mesophilic kunye ne-thermophilic microorganisms* ziqala ukwetyisa iiswekile zesityalo kunye nokuvelisa ubushushu obungenakubaleka ngefula engqongileyo ekhuselayo. Nje ukuba ubushushu obuphambili buwele 55 C to 65 C (130 F to 150 F), iibhaktheriya ezithanda ubushushu (Bacillus caldovelox kunye nefungi ye-thermophilic) ibangela i-*exothermic chemical Maillard reaction kunye ne-oxidative cleavage ye-cellulose kunye ne-hemicellulose **, ukuqhuba ukushisa kwangaphakathi kudlulileyo 77 C to 93 C (170 F to 200 F) kunye nokuvelisa **pyrophoric (self-igniting) carbon char ** kunye neegesi zepyrolysis ezinokutsha (carbon monoxide, methane, kwaye hydrogen).

Yintoni eyenza i-haystack yokufudumeza ibulale ngokukhethekileyo amafama kunye nabacimi-mlilo basemaphandleni Imigibe emibini engabonakaliyo ebonakalayo: (1) I-Oxygen Flashover Trap: E 80 C to 100+ C (175 F to 212+ F), umbindi we-haystack eqhumayo ulambile yioksijini; ukuba umlimi uvula iingcango zeshedi ukuze "akhuphe umoya ngaphandle komsi" okanye aqalise ukutsala iibhali ezishushu ehlukane ngetrektara ezamazamana ngaphandle kombhobho wokumpompa* wesebe lomlilo ohlawuliweyo (>= 100 psi)** emi ecaleni, ukugaleleka ngequbuliso kweoksijini entsha esemoyeni (21% O2) ibethe ikhabhoni etshisa kakhulu ipyrophoric kunye nepokotho yerhasi etshayo, ibangele i-flashover eqhumayo ngoko nangoko okanye i-backdraft egquma ishedi yonke ngemizuzwana. (2) Umngxuma otshisiweyo oFithelweyo ("iSinkhole") Umgibe: Ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwisipaki sokufudumeza, iipokotho zomlilo eziqhumayo zitshisa iibhali zangaphakathi ngelixa zishiya umaleko ongaphezulu wefula ukhangeleka womelele ngokupheleleyo. Umlimi ophuma phezu kwengca eqhumayo ukuze atyhale kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphandle kokubeka amaplanga amade (2x10 okanye 2x12 iibhodi) kunye nokunxiba intambo yokhuseleko ebotshelelweyo inokugqabhuka ngesiquphe kuqweqwe kwaye ingene nzulu esifubeni kwi 300 C to 500 C (570 F to 930 F) Iziko elingaphantsi komhlaba elinamalahle avuthayo kunye nekhabhon monokside, lifumana ukutshiswa okunokubulala kunye nokuphefumla ngemizuzwana nje. Ukuba i-barn yakho inuka njengecuba lecaramelized, isonka esitshisiweyo, okanye umsi we-acrid ngoku, fowunela indawo yakho. amanani kaxakeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uqhagamshelane nezikhokelo zabazalwana bethu igesi yesisele sengqolowa (nitrogen dioxide) kunye nobungozi bomgodi womgquba, Ubalekile ingqumba yebrashi kunye nokhuseleko lwetanki yamanzi ezilalini, kwaye iinkukhu yangasemva kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu bemfuyo.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. klzzwxh:0050 Iipokotho zomlilo zangaphakathi eziqhumayo zitshisa imiqolomba engaphantsi kweebhali; hlala lala **amaplanga amad abanzi (3.6-meter / 12-foot 2x10 okanye 2x12 iibhodi) okanye amaphepha e 19 mm (3/4-inch) plywood ngaphaya kwesitaki ukuze usasaze ubunzima bakho, sebenzani ngababini, kwaye unxibe **intambo yokseleko ebotshelelwe ngomtya oqinileyo wentsimbi ukuya kwiplanga engaphezulu yesibaya** ejongwe sisitshisi ngaphandle.
2. Ukuba i-hay probe yangaphakathi ubushushu bufikelela okanye bugqithise 77 C (170 F) - OKANYE ukuba ubona umsi obonakalayo, iintlantsi ezivuthayo, okanye ivumba elibukhali elibukhali/umbhobho otshisiweyo-umsi wecuba - YIMA, UNGASUKUTHUSI ibhali enye, CABANGA iingcango zesitora ukuze uthintele ioksijini, ukhuphe onke amahashe/iinkomo, kwaye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 / 112 / 999 kwiSebe lezoMlilo ngokukhawuleza. >= 77 C (170 F) isitaki ngaphandle kweqela lombhobho wesebe lomlilo elihlawulweyo kwindawo yesehlakalo sibonisa ikhabhoni yepyrophoric eshushu kakhulu emoyeni omtsha kwaye ivusa kwangoko ukuvutha kweflashover.
3. UNGAZE utshize amanzi ngokumfamekileyo ngaphandle kwefula eshushu (< 77 C / 170 F) ngethumbu legadi. Ukumanzisa i-haystack efudumeleyo ngaphandle kokukhukula ngokupheleleyo kwaye uyiqhawule kongeza ukufuma kwiibhali ezijikelezileyo ezomileyo, kudala umjikelo omtsha wokufudumeza ibhaktiriya kwaye wenze uqweqwe olumanzi olungangeni moya olubamba ubushushu ngaphakathi embindini ngokukhawuleza.
4. Jonga isitaki ngokucwangcisiweyo usebenzisa i-2-to-3-meter (6-to-10-foot) Compost/Hay Thermometer Probe okanye eyenzelwe ekhaya 13 mm (1/2-inch) umbhobho wentsimbi yokuhambisa umbane otsoliweyo. Ukuba awunayo ithemometha yorhwebo, qhubela umbhobho wentsimbi otsolo kweyona ndawo ishushu yokuphola kwisitaki, yishiye kangangemizuzu 15 ukuya kuma-20 imizuzu, uze uhlise igilasi/ithemometha yedijithali kumtya ongezantsi ngaphakathi kumbhobho (okanye sebenzisa Emergency Bare-Hand Pipe pipe ukuze ubambe umbhobho okhutshiweyo ngesandla sakho ukutsala ngaphandle: Imizuzwana emi-2, undoqo udlula 71 C / 160 F kwaye ikwi Ndawo yeNgozi eBomvu).
5. Ukuba hay yakho iphanda phakathi 65 C and 74 C (150 F and 165 F) ("I-Amber Entering Zone yeNgozi"), fowunela ivolontiya lengingqi yakho/iSebe lezoMlilo likamasipala kumgca wabo ongeyongxamiseko okanye wokuthumela PHAMBI kokukhulula ishedi. Cela inkonzo yomlilo ukuba imise ipompa ehlawuliweyo/ilori yetanki (1.5-inch / 38 mm umgca wohlaselo) ethaleni ngelixa ususa ngocoselelo iibhali enye nenye ukuya kwidlelo elivulekileyo ubuncinane 30 ukuya kwi-50 yeemitha (i-100 ukuya kwi-165 yeenyawo) ehlayo yazo zonke izakhiwo.
6. Tofa umkhenkce owomileyo (iCarbon Dioxide eSolid, CO2) okanye iNitrogen elulwelo phantsi kwimibhobho yentsimbi enemingxuma > 77 C (170 F) iindawo ezishushu ukuba ulinde izixhobo ezikhulu kunye nabacimi-mlilo. Ukupakisha umkhenkce owomileyo otyumkileyo phezu kwesipaki esinetarp okanye ukuwuwisa phantsi kwimibhobho eqhutywayo kukhukula izithuba zefula ngomkhenkce onzima, nomkhenkce CO2 igesi (-78.5 C / -109.3 F), ngaxeshanye ukupholisa undoqo kunye nokususa ioksijini ngaphantsi kwe 12% O2 Umda wokutsha ukuze iibhali zisuswe ngaphandle kokugqabhuka kwidangatye.

Umthi wesigqibo: IHaystack Core Temperature Triage & Emergency Action Protocol¶

Sebenzisa olu lwandiso olusemthethweni lwezolimo kunye nomthi wesigqibo senkonzo yomlilo (** USDA, NFPA, Cornell / Penn State / University of Minnesota Extension**) ngalo lonke ixesha uphanda umrhanelwa we-haystack.

flowchart TD
    A["Umrhanelwa eSand' Ukupakishwa iHay Mow okanye iRound/Square Bale Stack (Iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiiVeki ezi-6 emva koBaling): Ukuphunga, ukuBuyisana kuphahla, iCaramel eSweet okanye iAcrid Musty Ivumba"] --> B["UKHUSELEKO KUQALA: Sukuhamba kwisitaki ngaphandle kokubeka i-12-ft iiplanga zoMthi + Ukubotshwa koKhuseleko kunye neSpotter Ngaphandle"]
    B --> C["Faka i-2-to-3-Meter (6-10 ft) Hay Probe Thermometer (okanye uMbhobho weNtsimbi oqhutywayo we-15-20 Min) Kwizinto eziNxinzelelayo eziPhumayo kunye neZiko leSipakisho."]
    C --> D{"Yintoni obona Lwazi luPhakamileyo lweTemperature Reading?"}
    D -->|"< 52 C (< 125 F): Unyango oluqhelekileyo 'lokubila'"| E["INDAWO ELUHLAZA (Ekhuselekileyo): Ukuphefumla kwesityalo okuqhelekileyo kunye nokunyanga i-mesophilic. Beka esweni qho ngeveki; gcina isisele singena umoya."]
    D -->|"52 C ukuya 65 C (125 F ukuya 150 F): Thermophilic Bacterial Escalation"| F["UMZI WOKUBONA OMTHULU: Phanda Rhoqo nge-12 ukuya kwiiYURE ezingama-24. Yandisa ukuhamba komoya malunga nesitaki; iibhali ezahlukileyo ukuba zifikeleleka lula."]
    D -->|"65 C ukuya ku-77 C (150 F ukuya ku-170 F): I-Exothermic Chemical Oxidation iyaQalisa"| G["INDAWO EYINGOZI YE-AMBER: Phanda RHOQO NGEIYURE ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Ubushushu ABUYI kwehla ngokwalo. Tsalela iSebe lezoMlilo ukuba lenze ilori yombhobho ohlawuliweyo, emva koko uqhaqhe isitaki ukuze uvule ibala> 50 m (165 ft) ukusuka kwizakhiwo."]
    D -->|"77 C ukuya ku-93 C (170 F ukuya ku-200 F): IiPokotho zoMlilo oqhumayo kunye neCarbon yePyrophoric"| H["INKXASEKO EBALULEKILEYO EBOMVU: Fowunela kwa-911/112/999 Ngoko nangoko. YIMA iibhali ezihambayo de iSebe loMlilo lihlawule i-1.5-intshi ye-hoses ejoliswe kwi-stack. Vala iingcango ukunciphisa ioksijini; bakhuphe imfuyo."]
    D -->|">= 93 C (>= 200 F) OKANYE Umsi Obonakalayo / Amalahle Avuthayo"| I["INDAWO YEFLASHOVER EMNYAMA: Ukuvutha komlilo kwenzeka Ngephanyazo ekuvezweni emoyeni. Faka i-Ice eyomileyo / i-CO2 okanye i-High-Volume Water / i-Class-A Foam NGAPHAMBI kokukhupha iibhali kunye ne-excavator / grapple yokufikelela ixesha elide."]

Icandelo 1: Izigaba ezi-4 zeBiochemical & Chemicals zokutshiswa kweHay okuzenzekelayo¶

Kutheni le nto ibhali le alfalfa emanzi okanye ingca yengca ihleli kwindawo epholileyo yokufudumala ukusuka 25 C (77 F) yonke indlela eya 500 C (932 F) enoziro ngaphandle kwentlantsi? Ukufudumeza okuzenzekelayo kuqhubela phambili nge- amanqanaba amane ahlukeneyo ebhayoloji kunye neekhemikhali, ngalinye ligqithisa ikhuni ukuya kwelilandelayo:

Inqanaba loku-1: Ukuphefumla kweSeli yeSityalo kunye nokuKhula kweMesophilic Microbial (20 C to 45 C / 68 F to 113 F)¶

• Kwisithuba sokuqala ** ezingama-24 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72 ** emva kokusika kunye ne-baling, iiseli zezityalo eziphilayo ngaphakathi kweziqu ezimanzi (moisture > 20%) qhubeka uphefumla, utya iicarbohydrates (\(C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Heat}\)) kunye nokukhupha umphunga wamanzi ("i-hay sweat").
• Ukuba ukufuma kwebhali ngaphantsi kwe-15% (iibhali ezinkulu) okanye i-18% (iibhali ezincinci), obu bushushu buthambileyo (35 C to 45 C / 95 F to 113 F) Ikhupha ukufuma ibe ngumphunga kwaye iphinde iphole kwakhona ngokukhuselekileyo kwiiveki ezi-2.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukufuma kudlula 20% to 35%, ubushushu, ubumanzi bangaphakathi bubangela ugqabhuko-dubulo ** lwefungi ye-mesophilic (Aspergillus, Fusarium) kunye neentsholongwane45 C (113 F)** ngelixa uncamathisela iintsinga zefula kunye kwimethi eshinyeneyo, ebamba ubushushu.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Ibhaktheriya yeThermophilic kunye noLawulo lweFungal (45 C to 70 C / 113 F to 158 F)¶

• Ngaphezulu 45 C (113 F), iibhaktheriya ze-mesophilic ziyafa kwaye zithathelwe indawo yi-*thermophilic (ethanda ubushushu) actinomycetes (Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula kunye ne Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, izinto eziphilayo ezikwabangela "Farmer's Lung" hypersensitivity pneumonitis) kunye ne-thermophilic Bacillus stelle icaldovelox)**.
• Ezi thermophiles zikhula kakhulu phakathi 50 C and 65 C (122 F and 149 F), ngokukhawuleza ukwaphula isitatshi esintsonkothileyo kunye neeproteni nge-non-enzymatic Maillard browning reactions (enika i-hay barn yokufudumeza ngokungaqondakaliyo iswiti, i-caramelized, isonka esibhakiweyo esitsha okanye ivumba lombhobho wecuba).
• ngu 68 C to 74 C (155 F to 165 F), ubushushu buba bukhulu kangangokuba **nebhaktheriya ye-thermophilic ifakwe kwi-pasteurized kwaye ibulawe **. Amafama amaninzi ngempazamo acinga ukuba xa ibhaktheriya isifa 70 C (158 F), ifula iya kuyeka ukufudumeza. Enyanisweni, elona nqanaba liyingozi lisanda kuqalisa.

Inqanaba 3: IAbiotic Exothermic Chemical Oxidation (70 C to 150 C / 158 F to 302 F)¶

• Kanye iibhaktheriya ze-thermophilic zityhala ifula ukuya 70 C (158 F) kubukho bokufuma, **ikhemikhali ngokuthe ngqo, i-self-accelerating exothermic oxidation ** ithatha indawo:
  • I-lipids yezityalo (i-unsaturated fatty acids kwi-cuticles yamagqabi) kunye ne-hydrolyzed hemicellulose idilika ibe yi-reactive kakhulu ** i-radicals yamahhala kunye ne-peroxides **.
  • Ngenxa yokuba ifula eyomileyo ukuya kumanzi ine-thermal conductivity ephantsi kakhulu (esebenza njenge-fiberglass insulation), ubushushu obuveliswa embindini we 100-ton hay mow okanye isitaki esiqinileyo 700 kg (1,500 lb) iibhali ezingqukuva ayinakubaleka.
  • Yonke 10 C (18 F) ukwanda kobushushu kuliphinda kabini isantya sokusabela kweekhemikhali (Arrhenius equation), ibangela ubushushu obuphambili ukuba bukhawuleze ukusuka ku-77 C (170 F) ukuya 120 C (248 F) kwisithuba seeyure.

Inqanaba lesi-4: I-Pyrolysis, iPyrophoric Carbon Formation & Auto-Ignition (150 C to 280+ C / 302 F to 536+ F)¶

• ngasentla 150 C (302 F) nzulu ngaphakathi kwi-oxygen-depleted core of stack, i-cellulose idlula ** i-thermal pyrolysis (i-charring) , ijika i-hay yangaphakathi ibe mnyama kwaye idale ** i-finely yahlulwe, i-porous "pyrophoric carbon".
• Yintoni iPirophoric Carbon? Ikhabhoni yepyrophoric ayizinzanga ngokwekhemikhali, ilahle elitshisiweyo elinommandla omkhulu wemicroscopic. Ngephanyazo ukuba 175 C to 250 C (350 F to 480 F) ipyrophoric carbon abafowunelwa abatsha 21% ioksijini esemoyeni (inokuba ngokutshisa umngxuma wetshimini ukuya kumphezulu wesipaki, okanye xa umfama ongalindelanga ekhupha ibhali engqumba), ifakela ioksijini kumphezulu wekharbhon ngendlela enobundlobongela kangangokuba igqabhuke ivuleke. 600 C (1,100 F) ilangatye ngoko nangoko (auto-ignition).

Icandelo 2: Gqibezela iHay Probe Temperature Action Table & Indlela yoMbhobho wentsimbi ephuculweyo¶

Yonke ishedi egcina ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-20 zefula kufuneka igcine **1.8-to-3.0-meter (6-to-10-foot) yorhwebo T-ukusingatha hay lobushushu probe ** ejinga ngaphakathi emnyango yokungena, kwaye probe hay entsha ** kabini ngeveki kwiiveki ezi-6 zokuqala ** emva stacking.

1. Imiyinge yoBubushushu obusemthethweni kunye neentshukumo eziSinyanzelo¶

2. Ulwakha njani uPhando lweHay oluNgxamisekileyo kwiMizuzu eyi-15 (Ngaphandle koPhando lwezoRhwebo)¶

1. Thatha i 2.4-to-3.0-meter (8-to-10-foot) ubude be 13 mm to 19 mm (1/2-inch to 3/4-inch) umjelo wombane wentsimbi eqinileyo okanye umbhobho owenziwe ngamabati.
2. Ihamile isiphelo esinye sibe kwindawo ebukhali yetshiseli kwaye ubhora isithandathu 5 mm (3/16-inch) imingxunya ngaphezu kwencam ukuze ubushushu bangaphakathi bungene emazantsi ngokukhawuleza.
3. Beka iiplanga zomthi ngapha komphezulu we-haystack (unxibe intambo yokubopha) kwaye utyhale umbhobho wentsimbi 1.5 to 2.5 meters (5 to 8 feet) ezantsi ekudakaleni.
4. Nciphisa i-thermometer kumtya ukuya ezantsi kombhobhoimizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 (ukufaka umphezulu ngelaphu), tsala umtya, uze ufunde ubushushu ngoko nangoko.

Isigaba 3: Inyathelo ngenyathelo leProtokholi yoLungiselelo lweNyathelo: Uyisusa njani iHay yokufudumeza ngaphandle kokutshisa iBhani¶

Kanye i-haystack idlula 68 C to 77 C (155 F to 170 F), landela le migaqo ingqongqo ye-6 yeFama + neSebe loMlilo:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       6-STEP SAFE HAY OVERHAUL & BALE REMOVAL PROTOCOL (> 68 C)         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  STEP 1: EVACUATE LIVESTOCK & STAGE CHARGED FIRE APPARATUS FIRST        |
|  - Lead all horses and cattle to a distant pasture BEFORE moving bales. |
|  - Stage a Fire Dept pumper with at least TWO charged 38 mm (1.5-inch)  |
|    hoselines (with Class A surfactant foam) and shut off barn power.    |
|  STEP 2: COOL OR INERT THE CORE BEFORE UNCOVERING (If Temp >= 85 C)     |
|  - Drive piercing nozzles into hotspots with Class A foam/water, OR     |
|    pack 50-100 kg of crushed Dry Ice (CO2) under a tarp over hotspots.  |
|  STEP 3: REMOVE BALES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM USING MECHANICAL REACH         |
|  - Use a telehandler, excavator, or tractor grapple from OUTSIDE if     |
|    possible; any crew on the stack must wear SCBA on wooden planks      |
|    with a charged nozzle aimed directly at the bale being lifted.       |
|  STEP 4: EXPECT BALES TO BURST INTO FLAME THE SECOND THEY ARE LIFTED    |
|  - Knock down surface flames with a burst of Class A foam/water as      |
|    the loader carries the charred bale out of the barn immediately.     |
|  STEP 5: SEPARATE GOOD, WARM, AND CHARRED BALES > 50-100 METERS AWAY    |
|  - Pile 1 (Cool < 50 C): Stack loosely on pallets with air gaps.        |
|  - Pile 2 (Warm 50-70 C): Spread in a SINGLE layer, 1 meter apart.      |
|  - Pile 3 (Charred > 70 C): Break open completely and soak with water.  |
|  STEP 6: 48-HOUR FIRE WATCH ON REMOVED BALES                            |
|  - Monitor removed bales with a probe or thermal camera for 48 hours.   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Icandelo 4: UThintelo kwi-Baling & Stacking: Imida yokufuma, iimvavanyo zokufuma kwe-Stem, kunye neziKhuseli¶

Yintoni ebangela ukuba abalimi abanamava babhaqwe sisisele sokufudumeza ifula naxa amagqabi angaphandle efestileni yomoya omile elangeni emva kwemini?

1. "Ukufuma Kwesiqu" vs. "Ukufuma kombethe" kunye neMida yeNgxinano yeBhale¶

• Ukufuma Kwesiqu Sangaphakathi (amanzi avaleleke ngaphakathi kwezikhondo ze-alfalfa ezishinyeneyo, izikhondo ze-clover, okanye i-oat nodes engekavuthwa) ayingozi kakhulu kunombethe okhanyayo wangokuhlwa emagqabini. Xa uxinaniso oluphezulu lwebhali yesikwere esikhulu (3x4 okanye 4x4 iibhali zixinaniswe kwi > 200 kg/m3) ityumza izikhondo ezishinyeneyo, incindi yesikhondo efihliweyo iye yaphumela kwibloko ye-anaerobic, egqunywe kakhulu.
• Ezona pesenti ziKhuselekileyo zokuBhanga zokufuma (Ngaphandle koGcino):

2. Ukusebenzisa i-Buffered Propionic Acid & Ukusebenzisa "i-2-Week Outdoor Sweat Rule"¶

1. Izithinteli zePropionic Acid Hay Preservatives: Ukuba imvula engenayo ikunyanzela ukuba ubhale ifula e 20% to 26% ukufuma, faka urhwebo i-buffered propionic/acetic acid liquid preservative kwindawo yokuthatha ibhali (2 to 5 kg per metric ton / 4 to 10 lbs per ton, ilinganiswe ukufuma). Ipropionic acid inqanda ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya ze-thermophilic. (Isilumkiso: Ityiwa engenanto [NaCl] ukujulwa kwiibhali zefula kwenza HAYI ikuthintela ukutsha okuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe kumazinga amakhulu, angenancasa. > 2% ngokobunzima, kwaye inokutsala ukufuma okungqongileyo kwibhali).
2. Ungaze Ufumbe iiBhali ezirhanelwa Ngaphakathi kweNdawo Ngokukhawulezileyo ("Umthetho we-2-to-3-Week Outdoor Sweat Act"):
   • Ukuba umthwalo weebhali uvavanya ngaphezulu kokufuma okujoliswe kuko (> 16% kuba iibhali ezinkulu okanye > 20% iibhali ezincinci) - okanye nokuba ibhali ezi-3 okanye ezi-4 ezimanzi kumsele ophantsi okanye umgca womthi onesithunzi zikwinqwelo - UNGAZIfaki ezo bhali ngaphakathi kwebhali yakho enkulu.
   • Kuthatha kuphela ibhali enye emanzi engcwatywe phakathi kwama-500 eebhali ezomileyo emathanjeni ukuqalisa iziko lebhaktiriya elitshisa ishedi yonke.
   • Gcina iibhali zomrhanelwa ngaphandle kwipallets okanye igrabile kwimiqolo enye (nge 30 cm / 1 foot Izikhewu zomoya phakathi kwemigca) phantsi kwetaphu ephefumlayo kangangeentsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezingama-21 de bagqibe "ukubila" kwabo bebhayoloji kwaye bapholile ngezantsi 38 C (100 F) phambi kokuwahambisa endlini.

(Ngokuphathelele kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo zokhuseleko lomlilo kwezolimo nasemaphandleni, bona Irhasi yesisele esiziinkozo (umphunga obomvu wenitrogen dioxide) kunye nomngxuma womgquba ihydrogen sulfide, Ubalekile ukutsha kwemfumba yebrashi, ukuvutha komlilo wengca, kunye nokhuseleko lwetanki yamanzi ezilalini, kwaye I-roller yetrektara kunye ne-backflip yangasemva. Cinga ngokuthatha ikhosi yokucima umlilo emaphandleni kunye nekhosi yoncedo lokuqala lwezolimo usebenzisa i-ofisi yakho yolwandiso yedolophu, uMnqamlezo oBomvu, okanye iAmbulance yaseSt John.)

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Irhasi yesisele esiziinkozo (i-nitrogen dioxide ebomvu), isifo sesisele, kunye nomngxuma womgquba ihydrogen sulfide
• Ubalekile ukutsha kwemfumba yebrashi, ukuvutha komlilo wengca, kunye nokhuseleko lwetanki yamanzi ezilalini
• I-rollover yetrektara kunye ne-backflip yangasemva: kutheni ukubetheka ngaphezulu kwe-drawbar kujikelezisa itrekta ngemizuzwana eyi-1.5
• Umkhuhlane weentaka ezisemva kwendlu, ukophulwa kwe-predator coop, kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu bemfuyo
• Amanani kaxakeka

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• iSebe lezoLimo laseMelika (USDA) kunye neDatha yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lwezoLimo (NASD): UThintelo kunye nokulawula ukutshiswa okuzenzekelayo kwiHay kunye noGcino lweSilage: iCritical Probe Temperature Thresholds (150 F to 200 F) kunye noKhuseleko oluLungisiweyo.
• I-Cornell University Cooperative Extension, i-Penn State Extension & University of Minnesota Extension: Hay Barn Fire Prevention: Microbiological vs. I-Exothermic Chemical Heating Phases, iMida yokuFumana ngeBale Density, kunye ne-Driven Steel Pipe Thermometer Protocol.
• ** Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (NFPA, eUnited States) kunye noMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe weeNkosi zoMlilo (IAFC):** *I-Agricultural Barn kunye neSilo Fire Operations: Oxygen-Limited Pyrolysis, Flashover Prevention, Thermal Imaging, kunye neClass A Foam Application kwiHay Fires *.
• Igunya lelizwe loMlilo (CFA, iVictoria, iOstreliya) kunye neAustralian Fodder Industry Association (AFIA): Haystack Spontaneous Conmbustion Guidelines for Farmers and Rural Firefighters.
• ** I-European Confederation of Fire Protection Associations (CFPA Europe) kunye ne-Inshurensi yezoLimo yaseJamani (SVLFG):** Izikhokelo zokulinganisa amaqondo obushushu eHaystack ( Heumesssonde ) kunye nokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo kokuSelf-Heating Forage.