Ukutsiba-Qalisa uBuyiswe iPolarity, uKugqabhuka kwebhetri yeMoto, kunye neBattery Acid Splash¶

Nokuba i-reverse-polarity jump-start ayiqhumisi ibhetri, i-voltage spike inverted iyonakalisa eyona nto iphambili yenqwelo-mafutha ** ikhonkco elifusible okanye iMega-Fuse ** (ishiya imoto ifile ngokupheleleyo kunye nezibane zedeshibhodi ezimnyama) kwaye inokuqhotsa i-alternator rectifier diode, iModyuli yoLawulo lwe-Engine (ECU), kunye ne-Body ye-BCM). Esi sikhokelo igubungela ubomi ngoko nangoko ukusindisa imichiza iliso decontamination for ibhetri splashes, indlela ukuqhawula ukutshaya jumper umva iintambo ngaphandle kubangele ugqabhuko-dubulo, indlela yokuxilonga nokubuyisela ikhonkco eliphambili elivuthelweyo le-fusible emva kokutsiba ngasemva, kunye ne-4-step chassis-ground jump-start ulandelelwano oluthintela i-hydrogen igni.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Ukuba ibhetri yemoto iyagqabhuka okanye itshize i-electrolyte elulwelo emehlweni okanye ebusweni bomntu, hlamba amehlo ngokuqhubekayo ngamanzi acocekileyo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ngoko nangoko. Imizuzwana qinisekisa ukuba umntu ugcina amehlo akhe ebona na. Sukuchitha ixesha ujonge isoda yokubhaka okanye izisombululo zamehlo; sebenzisa amanzi okusela asebhotileni, umbhobho wegadi kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, isinki yasekhitshini, okanye iti ebandayo okanye ubisi ukuba amanzi akakho, ubambe iinkophe uvuleke ngeminwe yakho kwaye ugalele amanzi kwikona engaphakathi (ibhulorho yempumlo) ngaphandle.
2. Biza uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba iasidi yebhetri ingena emehlweni, okanye ukuba i-shrapnel ikrazula ubuso okanye intamo. Cofa inombolo yakho kaxakeka yengingqi (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kwiManyano yaseYurophu, 999 eUnited Kingdom) okanye ujonge yethu amanani kaxakeka ulawulo ngelixa omnye umntu eqhubeka non-stop amanzi zokunkcenkceshela zamehlo. Susa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ukugungxulwa kwamanzi kuqala.
3. *Ukuba uthe waqhagamshela iintambo zokutsiba ngasemva uze ubone iintlantsi zeshawari ezinobundlobongela, iingcingo ezinyibilikayo, okanye umsi ophuma kwiintambo, khupha ibamba elincanyathiselwe kwiBLOCK YENJININI YEMETALI ENGAPEYANGA/CHASSIS GROUND (okanye eyona ibamba ikude kwibhetri etshayayo) usebenzisa itawuli eshinyeneyo okanye egqunywe ngobuso okanye ngesikhumba. ibhetri etshayayo ukukhulula i-terminal ngqo kwiposti yebhetri; ukutsala i-amp ephilayo ye-1,000-amp ibambe kwisithuba sebhetri izoba i-arc yombane emfamekisayo ekunene kwizibuko le-hydrogen vent yebhetri, eyona nto ibangela ukuba iqhume isitya sebhetri.
4. Ukuba iasidi yebhetri igalela esikhumbeni okanye empahleni, khulula impahla engcolisekileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye utsintsise ulusu ngamanzi kangangemizuzu eyi-15. Kuphela kukwisikhumba, kwipavumente, okanye kwiindawo zenjini yentsimbi** (UNGAZE usemehlweni) ungagalela intlama okanye unyibiliko lwe baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) kunye namanzi emva kokuba amanzi athotyiweyo athomalalise iasidi.
5. *Ungakhe uzame ukutsiba ibhetri yemoto enomkhenkce, eqhekekileyo, egqabhukileyo, okanye ebolileyo enuka iqanda. Ukuba ibhetri yemoto efileyo kwimozulu yasebusika engaphantsi kweqanda ineendonga ezisemacaleni okanye umkhenkce ngaphakathi kwebhokisi, okanye ukuba ibhetri inuka kakhulu isulfure (amaqanda abolileyo) kwaye ivakala ishushu xa uyibamba, iipleyiti zayo zelothe zangaphakathi ziba mafutshane; okanye zigqunywe ngomkhenkce; ukufaka iintambo zokuxhuma okanye itshaja ekhawulezayo iya kubangela ukuba iqhume.

Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwebhetri, ukutshisa kweasidi, kunye nomthi wesigqibo esibuyiselwe umva¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Jump-Start / Car Ibhetri Emergency"] --> Event{"Kwenzeka Ntoni?"}
    Event -->|"Ibhetri eqhushumbayo okanye i-Acid etshizwe kumehlo / ulusu"| Eyes{"Ngaba Iasidi Yatshiza Emehlweni?"}
    Eyes -->|"EWE (I-Ocular Splash)"| Flush["Bamba iinkophe zivuleke kwaye ugungxule Amehlo ngamanzi acocekileyo angayekiyo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30."]
    Flush --> Lens["Susa iiLensi zoQhagamshelwano ngexesha lokuGuqa; UNGAZE ubeke iSoda yokubhaka kuMahlo; Tsalela umnxeba ku-911/112/999"]
    Eyes -->|"Hayi (Ulusu, Iimpahla, okanye i-Engine Bay kuphela)"| Skin["Isinxibo esiChaphazelekayo; Hlanza i-Skin ngamanzi kwi-15 Min; Yenza iMetal/iPavement ingathathi hlangothi ngeBaking Soda"]
    Event -->|"Iintambo zokuxhuma ziQhagamshelwa ngasemva (Iintlantsi / iiNcingo ezinyibilikayo)"|Smoking{"Ngaba iiCable zisaQhagamshelwe kwaye ziyatshaya?"}
    Smoking -->|"Ewe (iSekethe emfutshane esebenzayo)"| PullAway["Khusela ubuso; Yank Off Chassis-Ground Clamp okanye Donor Clamp FURTHEST kwiBattery yokuTyaya"]
    Smoking -->|"Hayi (Seyikhutshiwe; Imoto ngoku i-100% ifile)"| Fuse["Hlola i-Main 80A ukuya kwi-150A yeBattery Fusible Link / Mega-Fuse kwi-Under-Hood Fuse Box"]
    Fuse --> Test["Faka endaweni yeFuse ePhambili eVuthelweyo & ETCS/EFI Mini-Fuse; IAlternator yoVavanyo lweDiode zokuHlaziya ezivuthelweyo"]
    Event -->|"Kufuneka wenze ukutsiba okukhuselekileyo-Qala ngoku"| CheckFreeze["Qinisekisa ukuba ibhetri efileyo AYIMkhenkce, iqhume, iqhekeziwe, okanye inuke amaqanda abolileyo."]
    CheckFreeze --> Order["Qhagamshela: 1. Ebomvu ukuya kwabafileyo (+), 2. Ebomvu kuMnikeli (+), 3. Mnyama kuMnikeli (-), 4. I-Black to Dead Engine Metal Ground"]

Uncedo lokuqala lokudubula kwebhetri yemoto kunye neasidi yesulfuric (\(H_2SO_4\)) yokutsha¶

Iibhetri ze-Automotive lead-acid (kuquka iibhetri eziqhelekileyo ezikhukula kunye neAGM / Absorbent Glass Mat iibhetri) ziqulethe isisombululo se-electrolyte emanzi 35 ukuya kwi-38 ekhulwini ye-sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)) ene-pH engaphantsi kwe-1.0*. Xa igridi yangaphakathi imfutshane okanye i-spark ye-jumper-cable yangaphandle ivutha i-stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen gas pocket ngaphakathi kumphezulu we-case yebhetri, isiphumo sokuqhawuka siqhekeza isigqubuthelo se-polypropylene esine-brittle kunye ne-atomize inkungu ye-sulfuric acid enomhlwa kunye namathontsi ngesantya esiphezulu.

1. I-Ocular splash (i-asidi ye-Sulfuric emehlweni)¶

I-asidi ye-sulfuric kwiso ibangela ngokukhawuleza ** i-coagulative necrosis ** ye-epithelium ye-corneal kunye ne-conjunctiva. Ukuba ayihlanjululwanga kwimizuzwana yokuqala eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-30, iasidi ingena nzulu kwi-corneal stroma, ibangele ukungafihli kwecorneal opacity (ubumfama), i-lens cataract, okanye ukugqobhozwa kwebhola yeliso (bona ukwenzakala kwamehlo kwaye ukutshisa kakhulu kunye nokugungxulwa kweekhemikhali).

• nkcenkceshela ngamanzi acocekileyo kwimizuzwana eyi-10: Bamba owona mthombo ukufutshane wamanzi acocekileyo, angeyotyhefu (amanzi asebhotileni kwitranki yemoto, indawo yokusebenzela yokuhlamba amehlo, umbhobho wegadi ophantsi koxinzelelo, okanye ishawari yokuhlambela). Ukuba uvaleleke kuhola wendlela onamanzi anguziro, galela isisombululo sesaline, ubisi, okanye iti ebandayo engenaswekile/isiselo esinkcenkceshelwayo emehlweni kunokulinda imizuzu eyi-15 ukuba i-ambulensi ifike phambi kokuba igungxulwe.
• Ikekele intloko emacaleni ukuze ukubaleka kungalingcolisi iliso elingonakalanga: Ukuba iliso lasekunene belitshizwa kuphela, yikekelise intloko yomntu ekunene ukuze amanzi okuhlamba aneasidi akhuphe isidlele sasekunene emhlabeni, angaze anqumle ibhulorho yempumlo ukuya kwiliso elilungileyo lasekhohlo.
• Bamba iinkophe zivuleke ngokwasemzimbeni: Iintlungu zekhemikhali zixhokonxa ukuqaqamba okugqithisileyo kwenkophe (blepharospasm), ethi ibambe iasidi exineneyo ngaphantsi kweenkophe ezingaphezulu nezisezantsi. Sebenzisa ubhontsi kunye nomnwe wangaphambili kwiirim ze-orbital ezinamathambo ukubamba ngobunono iinkophe zivuleke kakhulu ngelixa uqengqeleka iibhola zamehlo macala onke ngexesha lokugungxula kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kuma-30.
• UNGAZE ubeke isoda yokubhaka, iviniga, okanye izinto zokungathathi hlangothi kweekhemikhali emehlweni: Ukudibanisa i-sodium bicarbonate (isoda yokubhaka) kunye ne-sulfuric acid ngqo kumphezulu weliso kubangela i-exothermic chemical reaction ekhupha ubushushu kunye ne-carbon dioxide gas bubbles, kubangela ukutshisa okukrakra okwesibini kwi-cornea esele yonakele. Sebenzisa amanzi aqhelekileyo okanye i-isotonic saline engenazintsholongwane kuphela.
• **Hlola iqhekeza lebhetri leplastiki elimnyama lifakwe kwibhobho yeliso ngokwalo, musa ukucinezela iglowubhu okanye uzame ukutsala ishadi efakwe ngaphakathi ngetweezers; gubha ngobunono ujikeleze iliso ngamanzi kwaye ugqume iliso ngekomityi yephepha eqinileyo ekhuselayo encanyatheliswe ebunzi nesidlele.

2. Ukutsha kwedermal (i-asidi ye-Sulfuri ebusweni, izandla, kunye nempahla)¶

1. Cima nayiphi na ibhetri eyomileyo emhlophe/eblue lead sulfate corrosion powder kuqala ngelaphu elomileyo okanye isandla seglavu phambi kokuba ugalele amanzi (ukongeza intwana yamanzi kumgubo weasidi owomileyo kudala iasidi eshushu exineneyo; xa sele ulungele ukugungxulwa, sebenzisa izandyondyo zamanzi).
2. Sika okanye ukhulule ihempe, iiglavu, kunye neejini ezineasidi ngokukhawuleza: Isinxibo somqhaphu sifunxa iasidi yesulfuric njengesipontshi kwaye siyibambe esikhumbeni.
3. Guqula ulusu phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 de imvakalelo emtyibilizi, etshisayo iyeke ngokupheleleyo.
4. I-asidi yebhetri engathathi hlangothi kwipeyinti yemoto, iindawo zenjini, kunye nolusu (emva kokugungxulwa kwamanzi): Emva kokuba ulusu lugungxulwe ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15, ukuhlamba ulusu (ngemehlo) ngesepha ethambileyo okanye isisombululo esibuthathaka se baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) exutywe emanzini kunciphisa nakuphi na ukulandelana kweasidi. Kwi-injini bay, lahla yonke ibhokisi yesoda yokubhaka exutywe ne-emele yamanzi ngqo phezu kwetreyi yebhetri, iintambo zokubopha, kunye nepeyinti yefender ukumisa iasidi ekutyeni ngentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nokugqunyelelwa kombane (iya kubetha ngamandla njengoko iguqula iasidi yesulfuric ibe yityuwa engenabungozi yesodium sulfate, amanzi, kunye ne-CO_2 $).

Ukubuyisela umva i-polarity jump-start: kwenzeka ntoni xa iintambo ziwela kunye nendlela yokuyimisa¶

Rhoqo ngonyaka, amawakawaka abaqhubi ngengozi aqhagamshela iintambo zokutsiba ngasemva, ehuka intambo Ebomvu (+) kwiNdawo eNgxamisayo (-) yeposti kunye neMnyama (-) intambo kwiPositive (+) post. Le mpazamo yenzeka rhoqo ebusuku kuba:

• Ezinye izithuthi zisebenzisa ukugqunywa kweplastiki emnyama kuzo ZOMBINI iintambo zebhetri ezakhayo nezingalunganga, okanye abanini bangaphambili batshintshe intambo edlekayo ngombala ongalunganga.
• Ubukhulu beqela laseYurophu, laseJapan, kunye neqela lebhetri lasekhaya libuyisela umva ukuba leliphi icala lebhetri elineposi ePositive (+) (R vs. L Ubeko lwetheminali), ngoko ke umqhubi udibanisa iintambo ngokuthi "inkumbulo yezihlunu" ibambe kwicala elingalunganga.
• Iphelile + kwaye - Iimpawu ezibunjwe zibe yiplastiki yebhetri emdaka emnyama iphantse yafana phantsi kwetotshi yefowuni emfiliba.

Uhlala njani uchonga iPositive (+) vs. Embi (-) post ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kumbala wentambo¶

Kwenzeka ntoni ngombane ngexesha le-reverse-polarity hookup¶

Xa uqhagamshela ibhetri ye-12.6-volt yomxhasi etshajiweyo kwi-polarity engasemva kwibhetri yomamkeli eyi-10.5-volt ekhutshwe ngokuyinxenye, iibhetri ezimbini azisachasananga ngokufanayo; ngoku zitsalwa ngeengcingo kwi-SERIES kwiluphu evaliweyo (\(12.6\text{V} + 10.5\text{V} = 23.1\text{V}\)) ngokuphantse ukuba ngunothi wokunganyangeki kombane (\(R \approx 0.02\ \Omega\)).

1. 0 ukuya kwimizuzwana emi-3: NgoMthetho ka-Ohm (\(I = V / R\)), ngaphezu kwe-1,000 i-amps yomsinga othe ngqo ijikeleza iluphu yentambo ye-jumper. Isibambisi sokugqibela osibambayo siphosa ishawa emfamekisayo yeentlantsi zobhedu olunyibilikisiweyo, kwaye imihlathi ebambekayo inokuthi izibambele ngokwayo kwibhetri ephambili.
2. Imizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kweyi-15: I-aluminiyam ene-copper-clad exabiso liphantsi (CCA) iintambo zokuxhuma zijika zibebomvu-shushu ngaphakathi kweebhatyi zabo zePVC. Umsi omhlophe kunye nomnyama obomvu uyaphuma kwintambo yokugquma njengoko iplastiki inyibilika kwaye igqabhuka idangatye elivulekileyo ecaleni kweefenda zazo zombini iimoto.
3. Isixhobo sokukhusela i-electronics yesithuthi: Ngaphakathi kwesithuthi sexhoba, umva wangoku ubuyela umva nge-alternator rectifier diode bhulorho (esebenza njengendawo efileyo esecaleni, ehlala itshaya i-alternator kwimizuzwana) kwaye ivuthele isithuthi IBattery Fusible Link engundoqo (80A ukuya 150A ifyuzi ebolitiweyo). Loo fuse yedini yenziwe ngokukodwa ngabavelisi beemoto ukuba bavuthele kwi-milliseconds ngexesha lokutsiba okutshintshiweyo ukuze i-voltage ebuyela umva ingakwazi ukufikelela kwaye itshabalalise iYunithi yokuLawula i-Injini ebiza kakhulu (ECU) kunye neekhompyuter ze-airbag.

Uqhawulo olungxamisekileyo olukhawulezileyo ukuba iintambo ziyatshaya ngoku¶

Ukuba uthe wacinezela i-jumper yesine ikhokelela kwaye iintambo ziyakhala, ziyatshaya, okanye zibambe umlilo:

1. **Jikisa ubuso bakho kwaye ukhusele amehlo akho ngengalo yakho okanye iiglasi ngokukhawuleza ** ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ibhetri ebilayo iqhume ngenxa yobushushu.
2. Khulula ibamba elincanyathiselwe kwi-CHASSIS METAL GROUND (okanye ibamba yebhetri yomxhasi ekude nebhetri efileyo): Ungaze ufikelele ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwegesi, ibhetri efileyo ebilayo ukuze utsale izibambo zayo zetheminali. Songa isandla sakho kwibhatyi eyomileyo, iglavu yesikhumba, okanye itawuli esongiwe (imihlathi yobhedu yesithinteli inokufikelela kuma-300 degrees celcius/570 degrees Fahrenheit ngemizuzwana emihlanu kwaye ibangele ukutshisa kwesandla sesithathu) kunye ** xhulumanisa intambo emacaleni kwi-injini block okanye ibhetri yomxhasi** ngentshukumo enye eqinisekileyo.
3. Linda ubuncinane imizuzu eli-15 ukuba zombini iibhetri ziphole kwaye uyeke ukukhupha igesi yehydrogen phambi kokuba uhlole naziphi na iifuse okanye uchukumise iibhetri kwakhona.

Ukulungiswa kwendlela: Ukulungisa imoto efile 100% emva kokutsiba ngasemva¶

Nje ukuba umsi uphele emva kobudlelwane obufutshane obubuyiselwe umva, abaqhubi bafumanisa ukuba imoto ngoku ifile ngokupheleleyo: akukho zibane zilumkisa kwideshibhodi, akukho zibane zedome zangaphakathi, akukho zibanezi ziyingozi, akukho nqakrazo lokuqala, kwaye isitshixo asiyi kutshixa okanye sivule iingcango, nokuba ibhetri elungileyo idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo. Musa ukothuka kwaye ucinge ukuba ikhompyuter yemoto yonakele; kwiipesenti ezingama-90 zezithuthi zale mihla, uvele wavuthela i-Main Battery Fuse (i-Mega-Fuse / i-Fusible Link) kunye neefusi ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezincinci ze-blade.

Ukuxilongwa ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo kwendlela yokuxilongwa kunye noluhlu lokubuyisela¶

1. Fumana iBhokisi yoSasazo lwaMandla aPhantsi kweHood (Ibhokisi yeFuse eMain): Beka ihood uze uvule ibhokisi yeplastiki emnyama ebuxande ebekwe kanye ecaleni kwebhetri. Jika isiciko seplastiki sijongise ezantsi ukuze ufunde idiagram yemephu yefuse eprintiweyo.
2. Hlola uNdoqo ALT / BATTERY iFusible Link (80A, 100A, 120A, okanye 150A I-Cartridge Fuse):
3. Jonga eyona festile inkulu ecacileyo yefestile yebhloko (okanye umcu weplastiki ocacileyo wemulti-fuse obotshelelwe ngqo kwiPositive + iterminal yebhetri ibambe ngokwayo kwiVolkswagen, Audi, Ford, Nissan, kunye nezithuthi zeStellantis).
4. Jonga ngefestile yeplastiki ephezulu ecacileyo usebenzisa isibane sefowuni yakho. Ukuba irebhoni yentsimbi yobhedu okanye yesilivere engaphakathi kwefestile ikrazulwe kwisiqingatha, yenziwe ngumphunga, okanye yenziwe mnyama ngomsizi, ikhonkco eliphambili le-fusible lenze umsebenzi walo kwaye lancama ukugcina iikhompyutha zemoto yakho.
5. Kutheni ungenako ukutsala undoqo 100A xubana neminwe okanye iipliers:
6. Ngokungafaniyo ne-10-amp encinci okanye i-20-amp ye-amp yeblade fuses ezitsala ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokubeka, i-amperage yaseJapan ephezulu (PAL / JCASE) kunye neYurophu (MIDI / MEGA) iifusi eziphambili imilenze yentsimbi emibini ebotshelelwe emacaleni ngaphantsi kwebhokisi yebhokisi yeplastiki yetreyi kusetyenziswa ezimbini 8 mm okanye 10 mm iibholiti zehex.
7. Ungaze ubambe umphezulu webhoti 100A ifyuzi engundoqo enepliers kwaye yank phezulu; uya kukrazula ibhasi yebhasi ezantsi ezantsi kwebhokisi ye fuse kwaye ujike i $12 fuse swap ibe yi $1,000 yentsimbi yokubopha intambo endaweni. Endaweni yoko, khulula isiketi seplastiki esisezantsi setreyi yefuse, khulula ezo zimbini 10 mm iibholithi ezisemacaleni ezibambe imilenze yefuse, kwaye zityibilikise ifyuzi engundoqo evuthelweyo iphume ngokucocekileyo.
8. Jonga eyesibini EFI / ECU / ETCS / RADIO / DOME ii-mini-fuses: Emva kokutshintsha engundoqo 100A/120A ikhonkco le-fusible (elikhoyo nakweyiphi na ivenkile yemoto), tsala kwaye uhlole encinci 10A ukuya 25A iifusi zeblade ezibhalwe EFI (Isitofu samafutha e-Electronic), ECU-B / PCM, ETCS (INkqubo yokuLawula iTrottle ye-Electronic), kunye DOME. Rhoqo, ukutsiba okubuyiselwe umva ivuthela 10A ETCS i-fuse, ebangela ukuba injini iqalise kwaye isebenze ngokungenzi nto kodwa yale ukuphendula xa ucinezela i-pedal yegesi ("imowudi enqabileyo").
9. Bukela ialternator yomsi xa uphinda uqhagamshela ibhetri kakuhle: Ngamanye amaxesha ukutsiba okubuyiselwe umva kunyibilikisa ii-silicon diode zendlela enye ngaphakathi kwe ibhulorho yokuhlaziya enye ibe yisekethi emfutshane esisigxina. Xa uphinda uqhagamshela ibhetri nge polarity echanekileyo (+ ukuya +), jonga kwaye uhogele i-alternator (ijenereyitha ye-aluminiyam eqhutywa ngebhanti ngaphambili kwi-injini) kwimizuzwana engama-30 yokuqala. Ukuba i-alternator ngokukhawuleza ithe yantlantsiza, incwine, okanye ikhuphe umsi wombane kwaneqhosha lokulayita IVALIWE, khulula intambo yebhetri ekhatywayo ngoko nangoko; isilungisi se-alternator sifutshane kwaye kufuneka sikhululwe okanye sitshintshwe phambi kokuba ibhetri ihlale iqhagamshelwe.

Ekuphela kwendlela ekhuselekileyo yokutsiba-ukuqalisa imoto: i-4-step chassis-ground protocol¶

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba intlantsi ayinakuze yenzeke kufutshane neziqhushumbisi zerhasi yehidrojeni yebhetri efileyo, iinjineli zeemoto kunye neearhente zokhuseleko zigunyazisa inyathelo eli-4 lokudityaniswa kwe-chassis-umhlaba ngokulandelelana koqhagamshelwano (bona kwakhona ukulungiswa okungxamisekileyo ecaleni kwendlela):

Inyathelo 1: Ukukhangela ukhuseleko lwangaphambili¶

1. Paka isithuthi somnikeli sivale ngokwaneleyo ukuba iintambo zifikelele, **ngaphandle kokuvumela iibumpers zentsimbi zeemoto ezimbini zibambene ** (ukuba i-bumpers iyachukumisa kwaye enye imoto inempazamo yomhlaba okanye uwela intambo, uqhagamshelwano lwe-chassis lugqibezela isiphaluka esifutshane).
2. Seta zombini iziqhoboshi zokupaka, tshintshela ku-Paka (okanye iNdawo ePhakamileyo yeencwadana), kwaye cima into yokucima izithuthi ZOMBINI.
3. Jonga ibhetri efileyo: ukuba amacala eplastiki agqabhukile ngaphandle (i-electrolyte enomkhenkce), eqhekekileyo, ulwelo oluvuzayo, okanye inuka njengamaqanda abolileyo, YIMA kwaye ungayitsibi.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Qhagamshela iziqhoboshi ezi-4 ngokolandelelwano lwamanani oluchanekileyo ("Red Dead, Red Donor, Black Donor, Black Ground")¶

1. Bamba 1 (Red + ukuya kwibhetri efileyo +): Qhoboshela enye Ebomvu (+) ibambe ngokungqongqo kwi-Positive (+) iposti yebhetri DEAD*.
2. Bamba 2 (Red + kwiBattery yoMnikeli +): Qhoboshela elinye icala lentambo Ebomvu (+) kwi Positive (+) iposti yebhetri OKULUNGILEYO (umxhasi).
3. Bamba 3 (Black - kwiBattery yoMnikeli -): Ncamathisela enye Mnyama (-) ibambe ku Negative (-) iposti yebhetri OKULUNGILEYO (umxhasi).
4. Bamba 4 (Black - kwi-Unpainted Metal Engine/Strut Bolt on Dead Car): UNGAZE uqhoboshele ibamba elimnyama lokugqibela (-) kwiNegative (-) isithuba sebhetri efileyo. Ngenxa yokuba iqhosha le-4 ligqibezela ukujikeleza kombane, liya kuhlala lisenza intlantsi encinci xa licinyiwe. Endaweni yoko, cinezela umhlathi wokugqibela Omnyama (-) kumhlathi onzima, intsimbi engapeyintwanga engenanto, isibiyeli sealternator, iliso lokuphakamisa injini, okanye i suspension strut tower nut kwimoto efileyo, ebekwe ubuncinane yi-30 ukuya kwi-45 yeesentimitha (12 ukuya kwi-intshi ezili-18) kude nebhetri kunye neentambo zepetroli.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Qalisa izithuthi kwaye uqhawule umdibaniso ngokolandelelwano oluchanekileyo (4 - 3 - 2 - 1)¶

1. Qalisa i-enjini yemoto elungile (yomnikeli) kwaye uyiyeke ingasebenzi kangangemizuzu emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 ukuze i-alternator ibeke umphezulu wexabiso kwibhetri efileyo.
2. Qalisa injini yemoto efileyo. (Ukuba ayigingqiki emva kwemizuzwana emi-5 yokuzama, yima kwaye ushukumise zone izibambeli ukuqinisekisa ukuba amazinyo azo aluma ipeyinti okanye umhlwa abe yintsimbi engenanto ecocekileyo, linda imizuzu emi-2, kwaye uzame kwakhona).
3. Nje ukuba imoto ekhubazekileyo isebenze, susa iziqhoboshi kwi-EXACT REVERSE ORDER (4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1):
4. Okokuqala, susa I-Clamp 4 (Mnyama - ukusuka kumhlaba wenjini yentsimbi engapeyintwanga yemoto) ngoko nayiphi na intlantsi yoqhawulo yenzeka kude kuzo zombini iibhetri.
5. Okwesibini, susa I-Clamp 3 (Mnyama - kwibhetri yomxhasi).
6. Okwesithathu, susa I-Clamp 2 (Bomvu + kwibhetri yomxhasi).
7. Okwesine, susa I-Clamp 1 (Bomvu + kwibhetri ebifile ngaphambili).
8. Ungaze uvumele izibophelelo zijongane ngelixa nasiphi na isibambiso sisancanyathiselwe ebhetrini.

Ipakethe ephathwayo ye-lithium-ion jump-starter pack kunye neengozi zemowudi ezingaphezulu¶

Ibambe ngesandla 12-volt ye-lithium-ion jump-starter packs (LiCoO2 okanye LiFePO4 ibhetri (booster) banebhokisi yokhuseleko eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi e-smart-relay exhonywe kwiintambo zabo ezimfutshane ezitsibayo ezijonga ngokuzenzekelayo ipolarity phambi kokuvumela ukuqukuqela kwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa kakubi incwadi yabo yemigaqo "Boost / Override" iqhosha kudala umlilo omkhulu kunye nobungozi bokudubula:

1. Kutheni iipakethi zokutsiba ezikrelekrele zala ukucofa OKU xa zincanyathiselwe kwibhetri eyi-0-volt ethe tyaba: Ipakethi yokutsiba ekrelekrele ye-lithium ixhomekeke ekuvavanyeni ubuncinci. 1.5V ukuya 3.0V ukusuka kwibhetri efileyo yesithuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-clamp ebomvu ivuliwe + kwaye i-clamp emnyama ivuliwe -. Ukuba ibhetri yemoto yakho ichithwe ngokupheleleyo phantsi 0.0V, i-smart relay ayikwazi ukubona i-polarity kwaye iyala ukunika amandla i-clamps.
2. Ingozi yokucofa iqhosha lencwadana ethi "Override / Force Boost": Xa ucinezela kwaye ubambe ibhukwana elithi Override / Boost iqhosha kwi-lithium jump pack for 3 seconds, ** zonke i-reverse-polarity, short-circuit, kunye ne-spark-proof protections zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo **, ukunika amandla i-clamps ngqo kwiiseli ze-lithium eziphezulu. Ukuba wenze ngempazamo izibambiso zibuyiselwe umva kwindawo emnyama ye-injini xa ucofa i-Override, ipakethe ye-lithium ngokwayo iya kuthi kwangoko imfutshane-yesekethe, idumbe ibe kwindawo ebalekayo yobushushu, kwaye ikhuphe ijethi ye-700-degree-Fahrenheit (1,300-degree-Fahrenheit) umlilo we-lithium ngaphakathi kwikompatimenti yakho ye-injini yesibini. Jonga kabini i + kwaye - uphawu lokuposa ngetotshi phambi kokuba ucofe iqhosha lokuBhala.
3. Yehlisa ipakethi yokutsiba i-lithium kwimizuzwana engama-30 emva kokuba imoto iqalile: Nje ukuba injini yesithuthi isitsha, i-alternator yayo ngoko nangoko iqalisa ukuphuma. 14.2 ukuya 14.8 volts ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 amps. Ukushiya ipakethe yokutsiba ebambe ngesandla ye-lithium ibotshelelwe kwi-injini ebalekayo imizuzu eliqela inyanzela ialternator ephezulu ibuyele ngasemva kwiiseli ze-lithium, ibangela ukuba ipakethe ishushu kakhulu, ikhukhumale, kwaye igqabhuke amadangatye. Susa ibamba elimnyama elibi ngoko nangoko emva kokuba injini iqalile, kwaye ungaze ugcine ipakethi yokutsiba ye-lithium kwi-65-degree-Celsius (150-degree-Fahrenheit) ibhokisi yeglove yeglove apho ubushushu buthomalalisa izahluli zeeseli.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni kuqala ukuba ibhetri yemoto iqhuma kwaye itshize iasidi yebhetri emehlweni am?¶

Kwangoko, gubha amehlo akho ngomsinga wamanzi acocekileyo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ngelixa ubambe iinkophe zakho uzivule kakhulu ngeminwe yakho, uze ube nomntu otsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yakho yexesha likaxakeka (911, 112, okanye 999). I-electrolyte yebhetri yemoto inama-35 ukuya kuma-38 ekhulwini e-sulfuric acid, enokumfamekisa ngokupheleleyo ngemizuzwana nje ukuba ayihlanjululwanga. Susa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngelixa ugungxula, jikisa intloko yakho ukuze amanzi okuhlamba abaleke kwiliso elingonakalanga, kwaye UNGAZE ubeke i-soda yokubhaka okanye nayiphi na imichiza engathathi hlangothi emehlweni akho, njengoko ukusabela kweekhemikhali kubangela ubushushu obubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwesibini kwi-cornea.

Kwakutheni ukuze imoto yam iphelelwe ngamandla ombane emva kokuba ngempazamo ndixhume iintambo zokutsiba ngasemva?¶

Xa iintambo ze-jumper ziqhagamshelwe kwi-reverse polarity (eBomvu ukuya kweNegative kwaye iMnyama ukuya kwiPositive), abavelisi beemoto bakhusela i-injini yekhompyuter yesithuthi (ECU) ngokubeka idini eliphakamileyo elinomlinganiselo ophezulu weBattery Fusible Link (ngokuqhelekileyo i-80-amp ukuya kwi-150-amp cartridge fuse ebekwe kwibhokisi engaphantsi kwe-bottom ngqo kwibhokisi ye-fusible ye-fusible) inkqubo yombane. Loo fuse iphambili ivuthela ivuleke kwi-milliseconds ngexesha lokutsiba ngasemva, ukusika i-100 yepesenti yamandla kwideshibhodi, umqalisi, kunye nezibane. Ukutshintsha ikhonkco eliphambili elivuthelweyo (ngokukhulula izikhonkwane ezigcina icala) kunye nayo nayiphi na i-10A/15A EFI okanye i-ETCS mini-fuses idla ngokubuyisela imoto ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.

Kutheni le nto intambo yokugqibela emnyama yokutsiba kufuneka ihambe kwintsimbi yenjini engapeyintwanga endaweni yebhetri engalunganga?¶

Iibhetri zemoto ezineasidi yelothe ngokwendalo ziphuma zingabonakali, ihayidrojini eqhushumba kakhulu kunye negesi yeoksijini ngeminqwazi yazo ephezulu, ngakumbi xa ikhutshwa okanye itshajiwa. Ngenxa yokuba ukuncamathelisa intambo yesine kunye neyokugqibela yentambo yokudibanisa igqibezela isekethe yombane ephilayo, iphantse isoloko ivelisa intlantsi yombane encinci ngexesha lokudibana. Ukubamba loo lead yesine kwibholiti yentsimbi engapeyintwanga kwibhloko ye-injini okanye i-strut tower ubuncinci i-30 ukuya kwi-45 yeesentimitha (12 ukuya kwi-intshi ezili-18) kude nebhetri kuqinisekisa ukuba intlantsi yokugqiba yenzeka ngokukhuselekileyo kude nelifu legesi ye-hydrogen yebhetri.

Kutheni kuyingozi ukutsiba-ukuqalisa ibhetri yemoto efileyo kumaqondo obushushu asebusika angaphantsi kweqanda?¶

Ngelixa ibhetri yemoto egcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo ayisayi kuba ngumkhenkce de amaqondo obushushu ehle ngaphantsi kwe-60 degrees celcius (minus 76 degrees Fahrenheit), i-electrolyte yebhetri efileyo ngokupheleleyo ijika ibe ngamanzi alula kwaye ingumkhenkce ibe ngumkhenkce omalunga ne-7 degrees Celsius (20 degrees Fahrenheit). Ukwandiswa komkhenkce ngaphakathi kwebhetri enomkhenkce kuqhekeza iipleyiti zelothe zangaphakathi kunye zibe yisekethe emfutshane kwaye ziplage iminyango yegesi ephezulu; ukuba udibanisa iintambo ze-jumper kwibhetri enomkhenkce, okwangoku ngokukhawuleza kubamba igesi ye-hydrogen phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye kubangela ukuba i-casing yebhetri egcwele umkhenkce iqhume ngamandla. Ngalo lonke ixesha jonga amacala okanye umkhenkce phambi kokuba utsibe ebusika.

Imithombo ijongiwe¶

• I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology (AAO) kunye ne-Arhente ye-Toxic Substances kunye neRegistry yeZifo (ATSDR / CDC, eUnited States): * Izikhokelo zoLawulo lwezoNyango lwe-Sulfuric Acid ($ H_2SO_4 $) I-Ocular and Dermal Chemical Burns *.
• Umbutho weeNjineli zeZithuthi (i-SAE International): * Imigangatho ye-SAE J537 kunye ne-SAE J1495 yokuVela ibhetri ye-Lead-Acid, i-Flame Arrestors, kunye ne-Jump-Starting Procedures *.
• Ulawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNdlela yeNdlela (NHTSA, eUnited States) kunye nokuNqanda ubumfama eMelika: *Iingozi zokuqhushumba kwebhetri yeemoto, ukuThintelwa kwegesi yeHydrogen, kunye neeProtokholi zoKhuseleko loMntu *.
• I-AAA (i-American Automobile Association) Incwadi yoNcedo lweNdlela yoNcedo lweNdlela: * UkuKhuselwa kwePolarity okubuyiselwe umva, iBolted PAL / MEGA Fusible Link Diagnosis, kunye neRemote Jump-Post Procedures *.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Ukutshisa kakhulu kunye nokugungxulwa kweekhemikhali zoncedo lokuqala
• Ukwenzakala kwamehlo kunye nokhathalelo lwekhemikhali yokutshiza kwamehlo
• Ukusilela kwealternator, ukukhanya kwebhetri, kunye nokulahleka kwamandla ebusuku
• Isithuthi sombane sifile ibhetri ye-12V kunye neemeko eziphuthumayo zokutshaja
• Ulungiso olungxamisekileyo ecaleni kwendlela kunye nokusombulula ingxaki
• Uluhlu lweenombolo zexesha likaxakeka