Ulwakha njani udonga lwengxowa yesanti ebambe amanzi esikhukula ngasemva¶

Xa umlambo ugxalathelana ukuya kutsho kwinqanaba lezikhukula okanye izantyalantyala zemvula zijika izitrato zasekuhlaleni zibe yimijelo, abaninimzi abaneenjongo ezintle badla ngokuchitha iiyure besakha iindonga zeengxowa zesanti ezidilikayo okanye ezivuzayo kwimizuzu elishumi emva kokuba edibene namanzi. Uvavanyo lobunjineli be-hydraulic olwenziwe yi United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) kunye I-Arhente yeNdalo yase-UK ibonisa ukuba iimpazamo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zonakalisa izithintelo zengxowa yentlabathi ye-amateur: ukuhlohla iingxowa ukuya kumphetho zide zifane nesoseji eqinileyo eshiya umsantsa wetonela elingunxantathu phakathi kweengxowa, iingxowa zokubophelela kufutshane nencam yomqala kunye neengxowa ezijingayo ezingagungqiyo. ikholamu enye eme nkqo enika iingcebiso ngaphaya nje ukuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi e-hydrostatic lufikelele kwiisentimitha ezingama-30 (unyawo olu-1) ubunzulu. Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, abaninimzi bahlala besakha idike yesanti engangenekiyo kwiveranda yabo engaphambili lo gama belibala ngokupheleleyo ukuplaga iidreyini zabo ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi kunye nezirhintyela zezindlu zangasese ezikumgangatho ophantsi, bevumela imijelo yogutyulo yezaqhwithi kamasipala ukuba ifake igiza ngqo ngaphakathi kwindlu emva kodonga lwesanti. Phambi kokunyuka kwamanzi ezikhukula, nxibelelanisa umqobo wakho wangaphandle kunye izikhukula, ukusilela kwempompo ye-sump kwizikhukula, kwaye ukhuseleko oluphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye ugcine indawo yakho amanani kaxakeka (Ama-911 e-United States naseKhanada, ali-112 kulo lonke elase-European Union, angama-999 e-United Kingdom) ekulungele ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kukhutshwe ngokukhawuleza.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Plaka imisele yomgangatho ongaphantsi, izindlu zangasese ezikumgangatho ophantsi, imibhobho yokuhlamba impahla, neendawo zokuhlambela zeshawa NGAPHAMBI kokubeka ingxowa yesanti enye ngaphandle. Amanzi esikhukula angena kwikhaya eliphuma kumbhobho kamasipala wogutyulo ongaphantsi kwelebhu yakho ngokukhawuleza njengoko engena ngomnyango wangaphambili. Faka i-eyandisa iplagi yerabha yovavanyo yomatshini (iplagi ye-cherne / isithinteli se-wing-nut drain)* kuyo yonke idreyini yomgangatho ongaphantsi kunye neshawari, kwaye ujije ingxowa yesanti esongelwe ngeplastiki ngokuqinileyo kwisitya sayo nayiphi na indlu yangasese esezantsi okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi ukuba awunayo ivalve ezenzekelayo yogutyulo olufakiweyo.
2. Gcwalisa ingxowa yesanti nganye KUPHELA ISIQINGATHA ESINYE (\(1/2\)) UKUYA KWISIBINI-ESITHATHU (\(2/3\)) EGCWELE (i-15 ukuya kwi-18 yeekhilogram / 33 ukuya kwi-40 yeeponti). Ungaze ugcwalise ingxowa yesanti phezulu. Ingxowa yesanti ezaliswe ngokugqithisileyo isebenza njengesilinda esiqinileyo sekhonkrithi esingakwaziyo ukubumba kwikhonto yengxowa engaphantsi kwayo, ishiya izithuba ezibanzi zokugalela amanzi. Ingxowa enesiqingatha egcweleyo ihlala ithambile kwaye ithambile njengentlama, ithe tyaba ibe sisitena esingangeni manzi xa sigximfizwe.
3. USUKUQHUBEKA ibhegi ngaphandle kokuba uyithutha ngelori; ukuba ibotshelelwe, yibophe kanye kumlebe ongentla ukuze umbindi uhlale ukhululekile. Kwiingxowa ezizaliswe kufutshane nendawo yokupakisha, yiyeke ingxowa ikhululwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye usonge unxantathu ongaphezulu ongenanto (iflaphu okanye umqala) ngobunono phantsi kwesingxobo njengoko usibeka phantsi.
4. Ilatha iflaphu esongiweyo (okanye ibotshelelwe intamo) ekhomba UPSTREAM (ijonge ngakwicala lamanzi aqukuqelayo), ungaze uye ezantsi. Xa amanzi ehamba ngokukhawuleza edlula eludongeni, ejonge kwilaphu elisongekileyo okanye elingavulekiyo phezulu kusetyenziswa ubunzima bebhegi ephezu kwayo ukuqhobosha iflapsi evaliweyo, ngelixa uthintela ukugqabhuka kwesanti ekubambeni intlabathi ekubambeni kwesanti. Kumanzi okudada amileyo (afana nocango lwendlu), beka iflephu esongiweyo ijonge ngaphakathi ukuya kwicala elomileyo ifakwe phantsi kobunzima bengxowa.
5. ** Umgca weminyango kunye neendonga zesiseko kunye ne-6-mil (0.15 mm) Iplastiki ene-polyethylene enzima PHAMBI kokupakishwa kweengxowa zesanti.** Iingxowa zesanti ezilukiweyo ezine-polypropylene kunye ne-burlap ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi, azinamanzi nge-100%; bacothisa amanzi ngokukhuhlana. Tayipha icwecwe eliqhubekayo le- 6-mil poly sheeting kucango kunye nomgubasi, yandise ngeesentimitha ezingama-60 (iinyawo ezi-2) ngaphandle emhlabeni phambi komnyango, kwaye ubeke iingxowa zakho zesanti phezu kwesiketi seplastiki ukuze ubunzima bamanzi ezikhukula buqhoboshele inwebu engangeni manzi iqine nqo emhlabeni nasedongeni.
6. Kulo naluphi na udonga olungaphezu kweesentimitha ezingama-30 ubude (unyawo olu-1, okanye iileya ezi-3 zeengxowa), yakha iPIRAMID esiseko sayo BUBUNZI NGAMAXESHA ESI-3 kunobude bayo. Ungaze upakishe iingxowa zesanti ezingaphezu kwemigangatho emi-3 ukuphakama kumqolo omnye. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi lwe-Hydrostatic luyanda kunye nesikwere sobunzulu bamanzi; udonga olunomqolo omnye ubude kuneesentimitha ezingama-30 (ii-intshi ezili-12) luya kucheba emacaleni kwaye lubhukuqeke. Sebenzisa i USACE 3-to-1 Rule (ububanzi besiseko = $3 amaxesha $ ubude) kwaye **stampu ibhegi nganye eflethi ngeebhutsi zakho ** ukutshixa i-seamwork yezitena ezidibeneyo kunye.

Umthi wesigqibo: Ubunjineli bomqobo wesikhukula kunye nokhuselo lokubuyela umva¶

Sebenzisa le tshati yobunjineli ukulandelelanisa ukuplaga kwedrain yangaphakathi, ukusonga iplastiki yomnyango, kunye nengxowa yesanti yephiramidi yase-USACE yangaphandle.

flowchart TD
    Start["Isilumkiso sezandyondyo sikhutshiwe: Amanzi anyuka esiya kwisakhiwo"] --> Step1["INYATHELO LOKU-1: CINELA UMJONGI WAMANGAPHAKATHI & UKUKHUPHA IINDLELA EZINGAMVA KUQALA; 1. Krwela iiplagi zerabha ezandiswayo kuzo zonke iidreyini zomgangatho ongaphantsi/ophantsi; 2. Hlola ivalve engundoqo yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka ngasemva; iplagi izitya zangasese ezikumgangatho ophantsi; 3. Qinisekisa ukugcinwa kwebhetri yepompo ye-sump kwaye ucoce umgca wokukhupha ngaphandle"]

    Step1 --> DepthCheck{"Buthini ubunzulu obulindelekileyo bamanzi ezikhukula eludongeni lwendlu?"}

    DepthCheck -->|"Ngaphantsi kwe-30 cm (1 ft / 1 ukuya kwi-3 umaleko):; Iingcango, iGarage kunye neCrawlspace Vents"| DoorWrap["IZITENA ZOMQOQO OMNYE + 6-MIL IMEMBRANE YEPLASTIKI:; 1. Tayipha 6-mil ishidi lepolyethylene kumcango + 60 cm (2 ft) emhlabeni; 2. Gcwalisa iingxowa 1/2 ukuya kwi-2/3 epheleleyo (15-18 kg / 35 lbs); shiya ukhulula; 3. Beka iingxowa ngobude phezu kwesiketi seplastiki, iflaphu esongwayo PHANTSI; 4. Zigxadazelisa ngesiqingatha sebhegi ubude njengezitena kunye nesitampu esisicaba ngeebhutsi"]

    DepthCheck -->|"30 cm ukuya 90 cm (1 ukuya 3 ft / 4 ukuya 9 umaleko) :; I-Driveway, i-Yard Dike, okanye i-Deep Doorway"| PyramidBuild["UKUSEBENZISA 3-TO-1 PYRAMID DIKE + BONDI TRENCH:; 1. Yomba umsele wokudibanisa i-10 cm (4 in) ubunzulu x 45-60 cm (18-24 in) ububanzi emhlabeni; 2. Bala Ububanzi BaseSiseko = 3 x Ukuphakama Kodonga Olucwangcisiweyo; 3. Ezinye iikhosi ezinqamlezileyo (intloko) kunye nobude (i-stretcher); 4. Iiflephu ezisongekileyo ze-UPSTREAM ngokuchasene nezangoku; isitampu kwingxowa nganye; 5. Rhweba i-6-mil poly sheet phezulu ebusweni obumanzi kunye ne-ankile phezulu / ezantsi kunye neengxowa"]

    DepthCheck -->|"Ngaphezulu kwe-90 cm (3 ft) okanye i-Flash Surge"| EvacuateNow["YIMA UKUGQIBELA & UPHUMELE NGOKUNGOKO NGOKU:; 1. Iindonga zeendawo zokuhlala zidilika ngaphantsi kwe>90 cm (3 ft) yomthwalo we-hydrostatic; 2. Cima isiqhekeza sombane esingundoqo & ivelufa yegesi ukuba ikhuselekile; 3. Hambisa usapho, izilwanyana zasekhaya kunye neengxowa zokuhamba ukuya kumgangatho ongaphezulu okanye kumhlaba ophakamileyo"]

Icandelo 1: Kutheni uninzi lweendonga zesanti ye-DIY zisilela (Ifiziksi ye-hydrostatic seepage kunye nokucheba)¶

Ukuqonda indlela amanzi ahlasela ngayo isithintelo sengxowa yesanti kuchaza yonke imigaqo kwi-USACE Flood Fight Handbook:

1. Ingxaki ye-"Sausage egcwalisiweyo": Ingxowa yesanti engenanto eqhelekileyo ilinganisa malunga35 neesentimitha ububanzi ngama-65 eesentimitha ubude (i-intshi ezili-14 ngee-intshi ezingama-26). Xa amavolontiya egcwalisa ingxowa ukuya kwi-90% okanye i-100% umthamo, inobunzima obungama-27 ukuya kuma-32 eekhilogram (iikhilogram ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-70), ibangela i-herniations ebuhlungu esezantsi, kwaye iba nzima kwaye ingqukuva njengomqamelo we-bolster. Xa ubeka iisilinda ezingqukuva ngaphezulu kwenye, itshaneli eziqinileyo ezinxantathu zihlala zivulekile phakathi kwengxowa nganye. Amanzi adubula ngokuthe ngqo kwezo zikhewu zingunxantathu phantsi koxinzelelo, akhukulise isanti ebangqongileyo ngemizuzu. Xa izaliswe ku ** ½ ukuya ⅔ umthamo (15 ukuba 18 iikhilogram / 33 ukuba 40 neekhilogram)**, intlabathi ekhululekileyo ngaphakathi slumps laterally xa unyathelwe phezu, squashing ibe Ipanekuku caba uxande malunga ** 10 iisentimitha (4 intshi) ubukhulu, 25 iisentimitha (iisentimitha eziyi-10 * 10 intshi * 4 ubude) ububanzi evala i-100% yesikhewu esingaphantsi kwayo.
2. I-Hydrostatic Sliding kunye nemikhosi yokubhukuqa: Amanzi anobunzima i-1,000 yeekhilogram nge-cubic meter nganye (62.4 pounds per cubic foot). Udonga lwamanzi oluziisentimitha ezingama-60 (iinyawo ezi-2) ubunzulu lutyhala ngokuthe tye kwicala elimanzi lodonga lwengxowa yesanti ngelixa ngaxeshanye ungena ngaphantsi komgangatho ongezantsi weengxowa ukuze usebenzise ukunyuka okunyukayo (uxinzelelo lokunyusa) oluzama ukudada iingxowa ezisezantsi ukusuka kwikhonkrithi okanye engceni. Umqolo omnye othe nkqo weengxowa awunabubanzi bonyawo ukuxhathisa ukuwela ngaphezulu okanye ubunzima obuhlayo ukuxhathisa ukutyibilika emacaleni ukuwela ikhonkrithi emanzi.
3. Nge-Bag Capillary Seepage: Iingxowa zesanti zizodwa azenzi*** ukuba zenze itywina le-hermetic; zibubunzima obugciniweyo bodongwe obuyilelwe ukubamba umva intloko yehydraulic kunye nokuxhasa inwebu yeplastiki engenamanzi (6-mil polyethylene sheeting). Kwanodonga olwakhiwe kakuhle lwengxowa yesanti luya kulila amanzi acothayo ekufuneka alawulwe yimpompo ye-sump okanye imophulwe kwicala elomileyo.

Isigaba 2: Ukuzalisa, ukusonga, kunye nokuqikelela iingxowa zesanti (Indlela yaBantu ababini yabasebenzi)¶

1. Ukukhetha iSandbag eLungileyo kunye nokuGcwalisa iMaterial¶

• Impahla yengxowa: Iingxowa eziphothiweyo eziphothiweyo (35 x 65 cm / 14 x 26 in) ezine-UV stabilizers zikumgangatho wale mihla kuba aziboli xa zimanzi. Iibhegi zeBurlap (hessian) eneneni zibumba ngcono kancinci ukuba zibe nemigangatho engalinganiyo kwaye zineengxabano eziphezulu ngokuchasene nokutyibilika xa zimanzi, zizenza zixatyiswe ngabalweli be-levee abaziingcali, nangona ziwohloka emva kwexesha lesikhukula.
• IMaterial yokuZalisa eyona nto ilungileyo: isanti ecocekileyo ukuya kwephakathi (okanye isanti enentlenga) ilungile kuba ikhupha amanzi okwaneleyo ukutshixa iinkozo kunye phantsi koxinzelelo ngelixa ihleli ithambile.
• Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ngaphandle kwesanti ehlanjiweyo: Ungazalisa iingxowa ngomhlaba ongaphezulu wesanti, igrabile entle, okanye umhlaba wegadi, ukuphepha amatye amakhulu abukhali (agqobhoza iingxowa aze ashiye i-voids) kunye nodongwe olusulungekileyo olunzima (oludumba lube yigrisi etyibilikayo, ebhityileyo xa imanzi kwaye ibangele ukuba iingxowa zityibilike).
• Ungaze uthembele kwiingxowa zejeli "ezingenasanti" ezifulelwe ngamanzi ukuze zishukume imisinga: Iingxowa zejeli ezivuselelwe zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu (\(13\text{ ukuya }15\text{kg}\) yamanzi adadayo emanzini anobunzima obusebenzayo bokuntywiliselwa) kwaye iyadada ngokukhawuleza ukuba amanzi ezikhukula afikelele kwisiqingatha sobude bawo.

2. Isingqisho se-Ergonomic esi-2 soMntu¶

Ukuzalisa iingxowa zesanti zodwa kuyadinisa; Ukudibanisa kabini imveliso kwaye kuthintele ukwenzakala ngasemva: - Umntu woku-1 (UmPhathi weBhegi): Ume ngeenyawo ububanzi begxalaba buqelelene, amadolo agobe kancinane, ebambe umqala ovulekileyo wengxowa eqengqeleke ngaphandle phezu kwezandla ngokungathi yicuff ephumle emhlabeni phakathi kweenyawo (ungaze ubambe ubunzima bebhegi ijinga emoyeni ngelixa umntu engena ngefotsholo). - Umntu wesi-2 (UmHlakulo): Ukhupha isi-3 ukuya kwisi-4 esingqukuva #2 imithwalo yemihlakulo yesanti kwingxowa ide ibe ½ ukuya ku-⅔ igcwele, emva koko ibize "Tshintsha" emva kweengxowa ezingama-20 ukuze kungabikho msebenzi utsala umnqonqo we-lumbar spine. - Ukubopha vs. Ukushiya ungakhululekanga: - Zishiye iibhegi ZINGABOTSHWE nanini na xa ugcwalisa kufutshane nodonga owakhayo. Iingxowa ezingabotshwanga zipakisha ngokukhawuleza, chitha ixesha elinguziro ukuphutha-phutha ngetwine, kwaye uvumele i-flap ebanzi, ethambileyo ephezulu ukuba isongwe kakuhle phantsi kwebhegi. - Ukuba iingxowa zizaliswe kwangaphambili kwindawo yokugcina impahla kamasipala kwaye zifakwe ilori ukuya kwikhaya lakho: Bopha umtya **kanye kumphezulu kanye (indawo ekrwada) wengxowa **, ungaze wehle kufutshane nombindi wesanti. Ukubopha ngasekunene kumlebe ongentla kushiya isithuba esikhululekileyo seesentimitha ezili-15 (ii-intshi ezi-6) ngaphakathi engxoweni ukuze isanti ikwazi ukucandeka ibe kuxande olubanzi xa inxitywe phantsi.

3. Itheyibhile yeSandbag Calculator: Zingaphi iingxowa kunye neetoni zeSanti ozifunayo?¶

Kuba enye ingxowa yesanti edityanisiweyo kwindawo ilinganisa malunga ne-*10 cm ukuphakama \(\times\) 25 cm ububanzi \(\times\) 45 cm ubude (4 in \(\times\) 10 in \(\times\) 18 in)**, zonke 3 iileya zeengxowa zongeza 30 centimitha (1 unyawo) ubude bodonga:

Icandelo 3: Inyathelo-ngenyathelo le-USACE Ukupakishwa kwephiramidi kunye neTechnique yeBonding Trench¶

Landela la manyathelo mathandathu ngokuthe ngqo ukwakha udonga lwesikhukula olungayi kutyibilika, lucekeceke, okanye luhlambe:

Inyathelo loku-1: Coca i-Footprint kwaye Sika "i-Bonding Trench" (Indlela engundoqo)¶

Amanzi ayakuthanda ukutyibilika ngaphantsi komthungo osezantsi ogudileyo phakathi kwengxowa yesanti ephantsi kunye nomhlaba: - Emhlabeni okanye engceni: Khulula yonke inqatha, ukhula, isigcina-kufuma, iintonga, nentlalutye exengayo ecaleni kwendlela yodonga lwakho. Yomba umjelo ongekho nzulu Indlela yokuBonisa (Indlela engundoqo) ezantsi embindini wonyawo lonyawo olulinganisa iisentimitha ezili-10 (ii-intshi ezi-4) ubunzulu kunye nama-45 ukuya kuma-60 eesentimitha (i-intshi ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-24) ububanzi (malunga nengxowa yesanti enye ubunzulu kunye neengxowa zesanti ezimbini ububanzi). Ukuzalisa lo msele uvaliweyo ngekhosi yakho yokuqala yeebhegi kutshixa udonga ngokuthe tye emhlabeni njengodonga olubambekayo kwaye unqumle amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngeengcambu zengca. - Kwikhonkrithi egudileyo, i-asphalt, okanye isitena: Tshayela umphezulu ucoceke ngokupheleleyo kumagqabi kunye negrabile, kwaye ubeke phantsi isiseko se-6-mil polyethylene plastic* kuqala ukuze iingxowa kunye neplastiki zenze i-gasket eqhubekayo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Songa i-Flap Ngaphantsi kwaye uKhombe kwi-UPSTREAM¶

Indlela obeka ngayo ibhegi nganye imisela ukuba udonga luphethe: 1. Thatha isingxobo esingabotshwanga esinesiqingatha esigcweleyo ngesandla esinye sixhase umzantsi kwaye esinye sibambe iflap engaphezulu engenanto. 2. Njengoko ubeka ibhegi phantsi kwindawo, ** faka iflethi yomphezulu ongunxantathu ongenanto (malunga ne-15 cm / 6 ngelaphu) mcaba PHANTSI komzimba wengxowa ** ukuze ubunzima besanti buqhoboshele indawo yokuvula. 3. Umgaqo wesiKhokelo waManzi aqukuqelayo: Soloko ujongisa ingxowa ukuze iflap esongiweyo (okanye ebotshelelweyo intamo) yalathe UPSTREAM (ijonge kumsinga ozayo) kwaye umzantsi womzi-mveliso ogudileyo, ovaliweyo wengxowa ujonge ezantsi. Ngaloo ndlela, amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza ahamba kakuhle phezu komthungo osongiweyo kunokuba abambe ngaphantsi komlebe we-flap kwaye akrazule ibhegi.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Isitampu kuyo yonke iBag Flat ("Tamp kwaye uGqeke njengomsebenzi wezitena")¶

Ungaze nje uphose iibhegi kwimfumba: - Nje ukuba ubeke ibhegi, yinyathele kuyo zombini iibhutsi kunye netampu (hamba/isitampu) uyiqinise ezantsi ukuze isanti ekhululekileyo isasazeke emacaleni, ibumba ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene nebhegi engummelwane kwaye isuse yonke ipokotho yomoya engaphantsi. - Qinisekisa umzantsi webhegi elandelayo ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene neflaphu efakwe ngaphantsi kwengxowa yangaphambili, ugqithe isiphelo kancinane ukuze kubekho iintanda ezithe nkqo phakathi kweengxowa. - Shenxisa wonke umaleko ongaphezulu ngesiqingatha esinye (\(1/2\)) ubude bebhegi egxile ngokuthe ngqo kumthungo weengxowa ezimbini ezingaphantsi kwayo, kanye njengomakhi obeka udonga lwezitena (ibhondi ebalekayo). Ungaze uvumele imithungo ethe nkqo ukuba ijonge phezulu kwenye.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukutshintshela kubude obunye ("Izizaluli") kunye neCrosswise ("Iintloko") kwiPiramidi ka-3 ukuya ku-1¶

Kulo naluphi na udonga olungaphezulu kwe-3 (30 cm / 1 unyawo) ubude, yakha i-Pyramid Cross-Section* apho isiseko si- ** 3 amaxesha ububanzi kunobude obuthe nkqo ** (ngaphandle kokuba iingxowa ziboshwe ngokuthe ngqo kudonga oluqinileyo lwesakhiwo, apho isiseko kufuneka sibe ubuncinane ubuncinane be-1.5 ukuya ku-2 ukuphakama): - Ikhosi 1 (uLuleko olungeZantsi): Beka iingxowa ngokunqamlezileyo (izihloko) ngokuthe ngqo kwicala elingaseludongeni. - Ikhosi 2: Beka iibhegi ngobude (iziluleki) ngokunxusene kwicala elingaseludongeni, ungene ngaphakathi malunga nesinye esithathwini sobubanzi bengxowa kwicala ngalinye. - Ikhosi 3: Beka iingxowa ngokunqamlezileyo (izihloko) kwakhona, uqhubeke utshintshanisa umaleko ngamnye de umphezulu wephiramidi ugqitywe kwingxowa enye ukuya kwezi-2 ububanzi.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Songa iCala eliManzi kwi-6-Mil Polyethylene Sheeting yePlasitiki ("Ifaskoti eNgenaManzi")¶

Ukusika umbhobho ophumela eludongeni ngaphezulu kwe-95%, fakela Plastiki yeApron yePlastiki kwicala elimanzi (elijonge emanzini) kudonga lwakho lwengxowa yesanti: 1. Phambi kokubeka umqolo ongezantsi weengxowa, vula iphepha elibanzi **6-mil (0.15 mm) iplastiki yokwakha enzima ye-polyethylene ** ecaleni komhlaba phambi kodonga. 2. Beka umqolo we-ankile enye yeengxowa zesanti ecaleni komphandle weplastiki phantsi, okanye uqhoboshe umzantsi weplastiki phantsi komqolo ongaphambili wephiramidi yakho. 3. Yakha udonga lwesanti yakho yephiramidi ngqo emva kweplastiki. 4. Lwakuba lugqityiwe udonga lwengxowa yesanti, tsalela iphepha elivulekileyo leplastiki phezu kobuso obumanzi beengxowa zesanti kwaye ulisonge phezu kwesithsaba esiphezulu, ulinganise umphetho ongasentla ngomqolo wokugqibela weengxowa zesanti. - Kutheni oku kusebenza: Njengoko amanzi ezikhukula enyuka eludongeni, ubunzima obukhulu bamanzi acinezela icwecwe leplastiki elibhetyebhetye ngokuqinileyo phambi kweengxowa zesanti kunye nomhlaba ophambi kodonga, edala igasket ezivalwayo esebenza ngehydraulic. (Ungaze usonge iplastiki ngokuqinileyo yonke indlela ujikeleze ngasemva [icala elomileyo] lodonga lwengxowa yesanti, kuba amanzi angena ngaphakathi ezingxoweni kufuneka akhuphe umva ngaphandle kokwakha uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olugqabhuza iplastiki).

Icandelo lesi-4: Ukutywina amacango, iingcango zegaraji, iiventi zendawo yokukhwela, kunye nemisele yangaphakathi yogutyulo¶

1. Ucango lwaNgaphandle kunye nokuSlayida kwiPatio yocango lwePatio yocango¶

Ukutywina ucango oluqhelekileyo lwendlu enehenjisi okanye ucango lwepatio olutyibilikayo ngokuchasene neesentimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-45 (ii-intshi ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18) zamanzi: 1. Sika icwecwe elingu 6-mil polyethylene plastic iisentimitha ezingama-60 (2 iinyawo) ububanzi kunomnyango kunye neesentimitha ezingama-90 ubude kunobunzulu obulindelekileyo besikhukula. 2. Usebenzisa itheyiphu edanyazayo yebutyl engangenwa ngamanzi okanye iteyiphu yangaphandle yesituko, tape imiphetho ethe nkqo yeplastiki yasekhohlo nasekunene ngokuqinileyo ukuya kwisitena sangaphandle okanye iijamb ezisecaleni kumacala omabini omnyango, ushiya umzantsi oziisentimitha ezingama-60 (iinyawo ezimbini) ulele tyaba kwiveranda phambi komgangatho. 3. Beka ingxowa yesanti eludongeni olunabileyo ububanzi ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwesiketi seplastiki kumgangatho weveranda, ucinezele iibhegi ngokuqinileyo kwifreyim yocango.

2. Kutheni UNGAWUtywini ucango lwegaraji yeAluminiyam eMgongxo eNcinciyo ngakuManzi anzulu.¶

Umgangatho we-2.4-to-5-meter (i-8-to-16-foot) ebanzi yocango lwegaraji olungaphezulu kwecandelo lenziwe nge-aluminiyam yephepha elincinci okanye intsimbi ephumle kwiingoma eziqengqelekayo. - Ukuba upakisha iingxowa zesanti kunye neplastiki ngaphandle kocango lwegaraji oluvaliweyo kwaye amanzi ezikhukula anyuke adlule 30 ukuya kwi-40 yeesentimitha (i-12 ukuya kwi-intshi eziyi-16), ububanzi obubanzi bocango olucekethekileyo lwentsimbi abukwazi ukuxhasa amawaka eekhilogram zoxinzelelo lwamanzi olusecaleni: ucango lwegaraji luya kugoba ngaphakathi kwaye luqhume luphume kwimizila yalo olutshabalalisayo, luthumela ngaphaya kwegaraji. - Ukhuseleko olungcono lweGaraji: Gxila kwingxowa yakho yesanti ephambili kunye nesithintelo seplastiki ngaphesheya ** emxinwa, isakhelo esomeleleyo somnyango wokungena wendlu wangaphakathi ** okhokelela ukusuka egaraji ukuya ekhitshini okanye epasejini yakho (kwaye uphakamise izinto ngaphakathi kwegaraji kwiishelufa eziphezulu).

3. Ukumisa "iGeyser efihlakeleyo yangaphakathi": Imijelo engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezindlu zangasese¶

Xa imvula enkulu igqithisa isaqhwithi sikamasipala kunye nemijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka esitalatweni, inqanaba lamanzi kwimingxuma yesitrato liyenyuka ngaphezu komgangatho ongaphantsi komgangatho wakho. Ngomthetho wemikhumbi yokunxibelelana, ilindle elimdaka libuyela kumbhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba wentsimbi okanye umbhobho wePVC kwaye ugqabhuke kweyona mibhobho mibhobho isezantsi kwikhaya lakho (bona ukhuseleko logutyulo):

Icandelo 5: Ukuphathwa kunye nokulahlwa kwengxowa yesanti engcolisekileyo emva kwesikhukhula¶

Xa amanzi ezikhukula ewuthile, iingxowa zesanti ezimanzi zibanzima (25 ukuya 30 kg / 55 ukuya 65 lbs inye) kwaye zingcoliswe ilindle ekrwada, E. coli, i-tetanus spores, izitshabalalisi zezolimo, kunye nokuqengqeleka kwepetroleum: 1. Nxiba iiglavu zeMichiza ye-Nitrile/iRubber, ukuKhuselwa kwamehlo, kunye neeBothi ezingangeni manzi nanini na uphethe iingxowa zesanti ezifakwe emanzini. Hlamba izandla kakuhle ngesepha namanzi acocekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ubambe ubuso bakho okanye utye. 2. Ungaze ulahle isanti engcoliswe ngamanzi esikhukula kwiibhokisi zesanti zabantwana, iigadi zemifuno, okanye amabala okudlala. 3. Ukwahlula iingxowa ezingasetyenziswanga ezicocekileyo kwiingxowa ezifunyenwe zizikhukhula: Iingxowa zesanti ezichukumise amanzi ezikhukula kufuneka zilahlwe kwiindawo zikamasipala zokuqokelelwa kwezikhukula okanye zisetyenziselwe kuphela ukuzaliswa kwemizi-mveliso ekungahlalwa kuyo njengoko kuyalelwa yi-arhente yokusingqongileyo yendawo yakho.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Ngexesha lezilumkiso ezinkulu zezandyondyo, oomasipala bengingqi bavula isanti yokuzenzela kunye neendawo zokugcina iingxowa ezingenanto kwaye basasaze uqikelelo lwegeyiji yomlambo:

• EUnited States:
• Ukuhlangulwa koNogumbe esichengeni ubomi: Fowunela 911. Ungaze uqhube okanye uhambe kumanzi ezikhukula ashukumayo ("Jikela, Ungatshoni").
• IiNdawo zeSandbag kaMasipala & NoNcedo oluNgelulo loNgxamiseko: Cofa 211 okanye 311, okanye ujonge iwebhusayithi yeOfisi yoLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo yengingqi yakho ukuze ufumane izikhululo zesanti kunye neengxowa zasimahla (zisa eyakho ifotsholo).
• ** I-US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) kunye neNkonzo yeMozulu yeSizwe (NWS):** Beka iliso kuqikelelo lwexesha lokwenyani lomlambo kwindawo water.weather.gov kwaye ulandele FEMA P-348 / P-312 isikhokelo sokukhusela izikhukhula kwindawo yokuhlala.
• Canada:
• ** Uhlangulo oluNgxamisekileyo:** Fowunela 911. Cofa u-211* okanye 311 kwiimephu zedepo yesanti kamasipala kunye noqikelelo lwezikhukula zephondo (ezifana ne-EmergencyInfoBC, Alberta Rivers, Ontario Flood Forecasting, okanye Urgence Québec).
• United Kingdom:
• Uhlangulo oluNgxamisekileyo: Fowunela 999.
• I-24-Iyure yoMkhukula: Fowunela 0345 988 1188 kulo lonke elaseNgilani, eWales (Natural Resources Wales), naseSkotlani (SEPA), okanye 0300 2000 100 kuMntla Ireland (Isigigaba seSikhukula). Qaphela ukuba amabhunga asekuhlaleni ase-UK abeka phambili ukuhanjiswa kwe-sandbag kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo kunye nabahlali abasengozini kwiRejista yeeNkonzo eziPhambili, ngoko abaninikhaya kwiikhowudi zeposi ezinomngcipheko wezikhukula kufuneka bagcine i-25 ukuya kwi-50 yeesanti ze-polypropylene ezingagcwaliswanga kunye nomqulu we-polythene enzima-ubungqina bemembrane (DPM) kwishedi yabo unyaka wonke.
• Udibano lwaseyurophu:
• ** Uhlangulo oluNgxamisekileyo: ** Shayela ** 112 ** (okanye ** 112 / 18 ** eFransi, ** 112 ** ye-*Technisches Hilfswerk [THW] * kunye nabacimi bomlilo eJamani). Ukubeka iliso izilumkiso ze-hydrological zelizwe (ezifana ne-Vigicrues eFransi okanye Hochwasserzentralen eJamani).
• Ostreliya neNew Zealand:
• Ostreliya: Fowunela u-000* ngokuhlangula ubomi bomkhukula esichengeni, okanye utsalele umnxeba Inkonzo yoNgxamiseko yeSizwe (SES) ku-132 500 naphi na e-Australia ngoncedo olungxamisekileyo lwengxowa yesanti kunye neendawo zokuqokelela iingxowa zesanti.
• I-New Zealand: Fowunela u-111* ukuze ufumane uncedo, okanye uqhagamshelane neQela loLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo loKhuseleko loLuntu (CDEM) lwasekuhlaleni** malunga nezikhululo zeengxowa zesanti.
• Indiya kunye neAsia-Pacific:
• India: Fowunela 112 okanye i-National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Control Room ku 011-24363260 / 1078 ngexesha lezikhukhula zasezidolophini.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Kutheni le nto iingxowa zesanti kufuneka zizaliswe kuphela sisiqingatha ukuya kwisibini esithathwini esigcweleyo endaweni yokuya phezulu?¶

Ingxowa yesanti ezaliswe phezulu iba sisilinda esiqinileyo, esingqukuva esinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-30 (iikhilogram ezingama-55 ukuya kwezingama-65) esingakwaziyo ukugoba okanye ukuhambelana neengxowa ezingaphantsi kwayo. Ukupakisha iisilinda eziqinileyo kushiya izithuba ezinxantathu phakathi kwengxowa nganye apho amanzi ezikhukula agalela khona ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuzalisa ingxowa nganye kuphela isiqingatha ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu epheleleyo (malunga 15 ukuya 18 neekhilogram / 33 ukuba 40 neekhilogram) ivumela intlabathi ngaphakathi ukuba sicaba njengentlama xa isitampu kuyo, ukubumba ngokuqinileyo kuyo yonke intanda kunye nokudala umqobo eqinileyo, edibeneyo.

Yeyiphi indlela ingxowa yesanti egotywe ngayo okanye ebotshelelweyo?¶

Okokuqala, shiya iingxowa zesanti zingakhululeki xa kunokwenzeka kwaye uvele usonge unxantathu ongaphezulu ongenanto phantsi komzimba wengxowa ukuze ubunzima bebhegi buyibambe ivaliwe. Xa ukwakhiwa udonga ecaleni komlambo ohambayo, umsinga wesitrato, okanye umjelo wokukhupha amanzi, hlala ukhomba i-flap edibeneyo (okanye iboshwe intamo) I-UPSTREAM, ijongene ngqo nombane ozayo, ngoko ke amanzi ahambayo ahamba kakuhle phezu komthungo kunokuba abambe ngaphantsi kwe-flap kwaye ahlambe isanti ngaphandle.

Ingaba isiseko sodonga lwengxowa yesanti kufuneka sibebubanzi kangakanani ukuze singaphumi?¶

Naso nasiphi na isithintelo sengxowa yesanti esinde kuneesentimitha ezingama-30 (unyawo olu-1, okanye iileya ezi-3 zeengxowa), i-United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) ichaza iphiramidi enqamlezileyo esisiseko esinobubanzi obuphindwe ka-3 kunobude obuthe nkqo bodonga (i-3-to-1 Rule). Umzekelo, udonga lwesikhukula oluziisentimitha ezingama-60 (iinyawo ezi-2) ubude lufuna isiseko esimalunga ne-1.8 yeemitha (iinyawo ezi-6) ububanzi emhlabeni, sijonge phezulu kwiikhosi ezigxadazayo zokwenza izitena.

Kutheni le nto isiseko sam sangaphantsi sisaphuphuma ngamanzi amdaka nangona udonga lwam lwesanti lwangaphandle lubambe?¶

Ngexesha lezaqhwithi ezinamandla, isaqhwithi sikamasipala kunye nemijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka esitratweni izalise kwaye ibe noxinzelelo. Ukuba inqanaba lamanzi kumjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka anyukela phezulu kunomgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba, ilindle liqukuqela ngasemva kumbhobho wakho ongaphantsi komhlaba kwaye liphume kumbhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba, ishawari, umbhobho wokuhlamba impahla, kunye nendlu yangasese engaphantsi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko ujija iiplagi zovavanyo lwerabha eyongeziweyo kuyo yonke imisele engaphantsi kwaye uvale izindlu zangasese ezikumgangatho ophantsi phambi kokwakha udonga lwakho lwengxowa yesanti yangaphandle.

Ngaba ndingaphinda ndisebenzise iingxowa zesanti emva kokuba isikhukula siphelile?¶

Iingxowa zesanti ezingenanto, ezingasetyenziswanga kunye nesanti ecocekileyo engazange ichukumise amanzi esikhukula inokomiswa kwaye igcinwe kude nelanga ukuze isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na ingxowa yesanti ethe yadibana namanzi esikhukula kufuneka iphathwe njengentsholongwane yebhayoloji neyekhemikhali (kuba amanzi ezikhukula ahlala equlathe ilindle elikrwada, i-E. coli, kunye ne-oyile yesitalato). Nxiba iiglavu zerabha ezinzima xa udiliza iindonga zesanti emanzi, ungaze ubeke isanti esele isetyenzisiwe kwiindawo zokudlala zabantwana okanye kwigadi yemifuno, kwaye ulandele imithetho yesixeko sakho yokulahlwa emva kwezikhukula.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Izikhukula: ukulungiswa, ukufuduka kunye nokusinda
• Izandyondyo zemvula kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza
• Ukungaphumeleli kwempompo yeSump ngexesha lokukhukula kunye nokuzama ukugcina ibhetri
• Iingozi zombane ezikwisiseko esingaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nexesha lokumpompa
• Ukugcinwa kogutyulo kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi angcolisekileyo

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• I-United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): Incwadana yokulwa noMkhukula: Ukulungiselela uMlo weSikhukula (Ukuzaliswa kweSandbag, iPyramid Stacking, Bonding Trench, kunye nePolyethylene Sheeting Protocols) kunye ne USACE Northwest Division yeSandbagging Pamphlet.
• I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (i-FEMA, eUnited States): I-FEMA P-312: Isikhokelo soMnikazi woMzi wokubuyisela kwakhona (Iindlela ezintandathu zokukhusela ikhaya lakho kwiZikhukula) kunye ne- FEMA P-348: Ukukhusela iiNkqubo eziSebenzayo zoKwakha kumonakalo woMkhukula (IiValufa eziBackflow kunye neeplagi zokukhupha).
• ** I-Arhente yeNdawo (eUnited Kingdom):** Iingxowa zesanti: Indlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuze ukhusele iPropati yakho kwiZikhukula kunye neSikhokelo soKhuseleko lweNqanaba loMkhukula weSizwe.
• Inkonzo yaseVictoria State Emergency (VICSES) kunye ne-NSW State Emergency Service (Australia): IsiKhokelo esiGqibeleleyo seSandbagging: Indlela yokuZalisa, uKubeka, nokuLahla iiSandbag ngokuKhuselekileyo.
• ** IYunivesithi yaseNorth Dakota State (NDSU) Uluhlu lobuNjineli boMkhukula woLwandiso: ** * I-AE-626: I-Sandbagging yoKhuseleko lweZikhukula (Izibalo ze-Hydrostatic Load kunye ne-1: 3 i-Base-to-Height Ratios) *.