I-macOS FileVault okanye i-Time Machine Sparsebundle yonakalisiwe: Ukulungiswa kwe-APFS ye-Superblock yesikhongozeli, iNtaba ye-Snapshot yeNdawo, kunye nokuVuyiswa kweSitshixo sokuVula¶

Ukubona iMacBook Pro, iMacBook Air, iMac Studio, okanye i-iMac yala ukuqala nge-ifolda yombuzo odanyazayo, iuphawu olwalelayo lwesangqa kunye nesilayi (support.apple.com/mac/startup), isikrini sokungena esalayo igama eligqithisiweyo elaziwayo emva kokuwa kohlaziyo lweMacOS, okanye ingxelo yeDisk Utility Error: -69845: File system verify or repair failed / Invalid APFS superblock / Object map is invalid yingxaki enkulu yokugcina iMacOS. Okubi nangakumbi, xa uplaga kwi-NAS yakho yangaphandle okanye i-USB Umatshini wexesha i-backup drive ukubuyisela iifayile zakho, iMacOS ihlala iveza impazamo yesibini eyonakalisayo: Time Machine completed a verification of your backups. To improve reliability, Time Machine must create a new backup for you (ukutshixa eyakho .sparsebundle). Sukucofa Cima iMac okanye uvumele uMatshini weXesha abhale ngaphezulu imbali yakho yokugcina. Ngenxa yokuba iNkqubo yeFayile yeApple (APFS) yiKhuphela-kwi-Bhala (CoW) inkqubo yefayile yetransekshini egcina iibhloko ezinkulu zesikhongozeli (nx_superblock_t) kwaye funda-kuphela imifanekiso yasekhaya ekunene kwidiski, ungasoloko uvula iFayileVault kwaye unyuse indawo yokukhangela intengiselwano endala esempilweni evela kwiterminal yeMacOS yoBuyiselo. Ukuba iMac yakho ifumana i-hardware kernel panic loop okanye isikrini esimnyama kunempazamo yevolumu ye-APFS, bona I-macOS kernel panic, isikrini esimnyama, kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona; kutshixo oluntsonkothileyo lweqonga (BitLocker, FileVault, LUKS, yabona I-BitLocker, iFayileVault, kunye ne-LUKS yokuvala isitshixo sokubuyisela kunye nokusetha kwakhona kwe-TPM kwaye ngengozi rm -rf okanye Shift-Cima kwi ext4, XFS, APFS, kunye ne NTFS: funda-kuphela ukukhwela. Ukuba oku kuvalelwa kwendawo yokusebenza kuchaphazela ukhathalelo lwezonyango esibhedlele, ukuthunyelwa kongxamiseko, okanye imisebenzi yokhuseleko lobomi, tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yakho kaxakeka yasekuhlaleni (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kwiManyano yaseYurophu, 999 eUnited Kingdom) okanye jonga uluhlu lwethu lwe amanani kaxakeka.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. ** MUSA ukucofa "Cima iMac," "Cima iQela loMqulu," okanye "Qalisa iNkcazo eNtsha" kuMatshini weXesha**: Naxa iqhosha leDisk Utility Uncedo lokuqala lisilela nge. File system verify or repair failed (-69845) okanye fsck_apfs iphuma ngekhowudi 8, iifayile zakho ezifihliweyo zomsebenzisi ngaphakathi Macintosh HD - Data (okanye umatshini wakho wexesha .sparsebundle bands) zisekho ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-SSD.
2. Qalisa ngaphakathi macOS Recovery (Utilities -> Terminal) ngoko nangoko ukumisa imvelaphi TRIM kwaye Khuphela-uBhala ukujikeleziswa kwendawo yokukhangela:
3. Kwi-Apple Silicon Macs (M1, M2, M3, M4): Vala iMac ngokupheleleyo, emva koko ucinezele kwaye ubambe i-*Power (Touch ID) iqhosha ** imizuzwana eyi-10 de isikrini sithi Loading startup options.... Cofa Onokukhethwa kuko -> Qhubeka.
4. KwiIntel Macs: Vula iMac kwaye ubambe kwangoko Command (⌘) + R (okanye Option + Command + R yoBuyiselo lwe-Intanethi) de kuvele ilogo ye-Apple okanye iglowubhu ejikelezayo.
5. Ukuba uMncedisi woBuyiselo lomzobo uyaxinga ekucela ukuba ukhethe umsebenzisi ongumlawuli onegama lokugqitha elalayo ukulamkela, ungaze ucofe Erase Mac phezulu-ekhohlo Recovery Assistant imenyu. Endaweni yoko, khangela "Ulibele onke amagama agqithisiweyo?" (evula Isitshixo soBuyiselo saBantu abanamagama angama-24 okanye i-ID ye-iCloud Apple yokuvula ngokukhawuleza) okanye usebenzise i Utilities imenyu yokuqalisa Itheminali.
6. Vula FileVault 2 ngesandla ukusuka kwitheminali yoBuyiselo (diskutil apfs unlockVolume) phambi kokuzama nayiphi na intaba okanye ikopi yefayile: Xa umthamo we-APFS ufihliwe ngeFayileVault, Macintosh HD - Data uhlala engabonakali (Locked: Yes) de uyivule. Kwitheminali yoBuyiselo, qhuba diskutil apfs list ukufumana indawo yesixhobo seVolumu yeDatha (ngokuqhelekileyo disk3s5 kwiApple Silicon okanye disk2s1 kwi-Intel) kwaye uqhube diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 (ngegama lokungena lakho) okanye diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -recoverykeychain / -passphrase <24-CHAR-RECOVERY-KEY>.
7. Ukuba Macintosh HD - Data ivula (Unlocked: Yes) kodwa iyasilela ukunyusa funda-bhala ngenxa yokonakala komthi B okanye iMaphu yeNgcaciso (omap), yinyuse ngokungqongqo FUNDA-KUPHELA (mount_apfs -o rdonly) okanye khwelisa endala APFS Local Snapshot (mount_apfs -s): Xa upasile -o rdonly (okanye nyusa umfanekiso okhawulezayo weyure wexesha wokungqubana kweXesha ogcinwe kwi-SSD yangaphakathi nge mount_apfs -s), umqhubi we-APFS kernel utsiba ukubhala kwakhona ijenali kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ukope 100 ekhulwini /Users/yourname ukuya kwi-USB drive yangaphandle nge rsync okanye cp -R.
8. Ungaze ubaleke fsck_apfs -y ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-SSD esilelayo phambi kokukhupha iifayile zakho funda-kuphela: Ukuba imephu yeNjongo ye-APFS (omap_phys_t) okanye i-Extent Reference Tree yonakalisiwe, inyanzelisa ukulungiswa kokufunda-bhala nge fsck_apfs -y ingenza imephu ezonakalisiweyo iindawo zolawulo. Ngalo lonke ixesha zama mount_apfs -o rdonly kunye nekopi /Users/ kuqhubo lwangaphandle kuqala, kwaye baleka kuphela fsck_apfs emva koko.
9. Kumatshini weXesha owonakeleyo .sparsebundle (Backup Verification Failed), cima i com.apple.backupd.ModelID tshixa iiflegi ngaphakathi Info.plist, ncamathela sparsebundle nge hdiutil attach -nomount -readwrite, kwaye ulungise umthamo wangaphakathi we-APFS/HFS+ nge fsck_apfs okanye fsck_hfs: Ungasoloko uhlangula yomibini imbali yokugcina kunye ne-sparsebundle ephilayo ngaphandle kokuqala kwakhona.

Umthi wesigqibo: iMac engavulekiyo, iFileVault itshixiwe, okanye i-Time Machine triage eyonakele¶

Sebenzisa le flowu tshati ngaphakathi macOS Recovery (Utilities -> Terminal) ukukhetha eyona ndlela ingonakalisiyo yokubuyisela:

flowchart TD
    Start["Ungxamiseko: IMac ayivuleki, iFayileVault yala igama eliyimfihlo, okanye umatshini wexesha wonakalisiwe"] --> WhichIssue{"Yeyiphi Ingxaki Ojongene Nayo?"}

    WhichIssue -->|"1. I-Mac yangaphakathi ye-SSD ayivuleki (? Isiqulathi seefayili / iSayina esiThintelweyo / impazamo yoNcedo lokuQala -69845)"| BootRec["Qalisa kwi-macOS yoBuyiselo-> Vula izinto eziSetyenziswayo->Isiphelo sesiphelo-> Qhuba: uluhlu lwe-apfs diskutil"]

    WhichIssue -->|"2. IFayileVault Igatya iPassword yoMsebenzisi owaziwayo okanye Ukucela iSitshixo sokuBuyisa"| FVFix["KuMncedisi woBuyiselo: Cofa 'Ulibele onke amagama agqithisiweyo?' OKANYE Qhuba i-diskutil apfs listcryptousers kwi-terminal"]

    WhichIssue -->|"3. Umatshini wexesha uthi: I-Backup yonakele / kufuneka idale i-New Backup"| TMFix["Mount Network/USB Drive -> Hlola .sparsebundle/Info.plist -> hdiutil attach -nomount -> fsck_apfs / fsck_hfs"]

    BootRec --> ContainerOk{"Ngaba uluhlu lwe-diskutil apfs Bonisa i-APFS Container & Volumes (Macintosh HD - Data)?"}

    ContainerOk -->|"Hayi: Isingxobo se-APFS Silahlekile okanye 'I-APFS Superblock engasebenziyo'"| SuperblockRec["Skena yangaphambili i-APFS yesikhongozelo sokujonga ii-Superblocks (nx_superblock_t) kunye neNtaba iFunda-Kuphela nge-fsck_apfs -n / apfs-fuse"]

    ContainerOk -->|"Ewe: Imiqulu Edwelisiweyo (umzekelo disk3s5)"| UnlockStep["Vula iFayileVault ngaphandle kokunyuka: i-diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -nomount"]

    UnlockStep --> TryRO["Umzamo wokufunda-kuphela kweNtaba: mkdir / Volumes/Rescue && mount_apfs -o rdonly /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/Rescue"]

    TryRO --> DidMount{"Ngaba / Imiqulu/Ukuhlangula iNtaba ngokucocekileyo?"}
    DidMount -->|"Ewe"| CopyData["Xhuma kwi-ExFAT / APFS yangaphandle ye-USB Drive -> Ikopi / Imiqulu / Ukuhlangula / Abasebenzisi / <wena> Kwangoko nge-ditto okanye i-rsync"]
    DidMount -->|"Hayi: imount_apfs ibuyisela impikiswano engasebenziyo / impazamo yokuPhumayo"| SnapMount["Dwelisa izifinyezo ze-APFS zaNgaphakathi (diskutil apfs listSnapshots) -> Ntaba i-Pre-Crash Snapshot nge-mount_apfs -s"]

    FVFix --> UnlockStep

Isigaba 1: Ukuqonda i-APFS Container, iQela leVolumu, kunye neFayileVault Key Hierarchy¶

Ngaphambi kokuchwetheza imiyalelo kwiSitena sokuBuyisa seMacOS, qonda ukuba iMacOS yanamhlanje (Catalina 10.15 nge Monterey, Ventura, Sonoma, kwaye Sequoia) ibeka i-SSD yangaphakathi kwaye kutheni Macintosh HD AKUKHO apho iifayile zakho zihlala khona.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MODERN macOS APFS CONTAINER & FILEVAULT ARCHITECTURE                    |
|                                                                         |
| Physical Apple SSD (/dev/disk0)                                         |
|  +-- Partition 1: Apple_APFS_ISC (iBoot System Container - Apple Sil.)  |
|  +-- Partition 2: Apple_APFS (Main Container -> Synthesized /dev/disk3) |
|       |                                                                 |
|       +-- [nx_superblock_t] Container Superblock & Checkpoint Ring      |
|       +-- [omap_phys_t] Container Object Map (Virtual -> Physical Block)|
|       |                                                                 |
|       +-- Volume 1 (disk3s1): "Macintosh HD" (Signed System Volume SSV) |
|       |    -> Strictly Read-Only OS files. Contains 0 user documents.   |
|       +-- Volume 2 (disk3s5): "Macintosh HD - Data" (FileVault Locked)  |
|       |    -> YOUR ACTUAL DATA (/Users, /Applications, /Library, /var)  |
|       +-- Volume 3 (disk3s2): "Preboot" (FileVault Login Users & Wi-Fi) |
|       +-- Volume 4 (disk3s3): "Recovery" (macOS Recovery OS)            |
|       +-- Volume 5 (disk3s4): "VM" (Swapfile & Sleepimage)              |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Iinyani ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kolu yilo ziya kusindisa ukuchacha kwakho: 1. ** Ungaze uchithe ixesha uzama ukubuyisela iifayile ukusuka Macintosh HD (disk3s1)**: Ukusukela kwi-macOS Big Sur (11.0+), Macintosh HD yi-cryptographically etywiniweyo, funda-kuphela umfanekiso wenkqubo (APFS Signed System Volume). Yonke ifayile yomsebenzisi omnye, ifoto, ifolda yedesktop, isitshixo, kunye nedathabheyisi ihlala kwiqabane Macintosh HD - Data umthamo (typically disk3s5 kwiApple Silicon okanye disk2s1 / disk1s1 kwi-Intel). 2. Kutheni iFayileVault ngamanye amaxesha yala igama lakho eliyimfihlo elichanekileyo emva kokuphazamiseka (Preboot Ukuphelisa ulungelelwaniso): Kwisikrini sokuqala sokuqala (EFI / iBoot Preboot Login), yena Macintosh HD - Data umthamo usafihliwe kwaye awufundeki. I-Mac iqinisekisa njani igama lakho lokugqitha phambi kokuba idiski ivulwe? Ifunda ikopi edityanisiweyo yegama lokugqitha leakhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi kunye nebhegi ye-cryptographic egcinwe kokungafihlwanga Preboot umthamo (disk3s2). Ukuba usanda kutshintsha igama lakho lokungena kwi-Mac okanye uhlaziywe i-macOS kunye Preboot Umthamo awuzange uhlaziywe (diskutil apfs updatePreboot), isikrini sokuqala sokuqalisa siyala igama lakho eligqithisiweyo elitsha ngelixa diskutil apfs unlockVolume kwiterminal yoBuyiselo yamkela nokuba igama lakho elidala okanye elitsha kwangoko. 3. Kutheni APFS igcina iimeko ezindala ezisempilweni naxa indawo yokukhangela yamva yonakele: Ngalo lonke ixesha APFS Ugungxulo ubhala kwidisk, ayenzi ayi ibhala ngaphezulu ekhoyo nx_superblock_t (Isikhongozeli Superblock) okanye apfs_superblock_t (Volume Superblock) endaweni. Endaweni yoko, ibhala ibhloko entsha kraca kwindawo ye-Checkpoint Descriptor Area (xp_desc) isithinteli seringi nge-ID yeNtengiselwano eyonyusiweyo (xid). Ukuba amandla akaphumeleli okanye ikernel iyaphakuzela ngelixa ubhala iNtengiselwano xid 950412, Intengiselwano xid 950411 (imizuzwana ebhaliweyo ngaphambili) isahleli ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhangela iringi yesithinteli kwidiski.

Isigaba 2: Ukuvula FileVault 2 ukusuka kwitheminali yoBuyiselo ye-macOS xa uNgena okanye i-GUI isilele¶

Qalisa kwi-*macOS yoBuyiselo , vula ibar yemenyu ephezulu, kwaye ucofe ** Izinto eziluncedo -> Itheminali.

Inyathelo 1: Chonga umgqomo wakho we-APFS kunye Macintosh HD - Data isazisi isixhobo¶

Kwifestile yeTheminali yoBuyiselo, sebenzisa:

diskutil apfs list

+-- Container disk3 4A91F802-119B-4C0E-991A-0849182019AA
    ====================================================
    APFS Container Reference:     disk3
    Size (Capacity Ceiling):      994662584320 B (994.7 GB)
    ...
    +-> Volume disk3s5 8810B291-4410-4A11-B812-771928371900
        ---------------------------------------------------
        APFS Volume Disk (Role):   disk3s5 (Data)
        Name:                      Macintosh HD - Data (Case-insensitive)
        Mount Point:               Not Mounted
        FileVault:                 Yes (Locked)

Inyathelo 2: Jonga bonke abaSebenzisi beCryptographic abasebenzayo (Key Wrapping Keys) kumthamo weDatha¶

Ukubona yonke iakhawunti yomsebenzisi, iSitshixo sokuBuyisa uBuqu (PRK), okanye iCloud/iqhosha leZiko elikwaziyo ukuvula disk3s5, baleka:

diskutil apfs listcryptousers /dev/disk3s5

Inyathelo 3: Vula ivolyum NGAPHANDLE ukuyinyuswa okwangoku (-nomount)¶

Kutheni udlula -nomount xa uvula umthamo onokuthi wonakaliswe we-APFS? Ngenxa yokuba ngokuqhubekayo, diskutil apfs unlockVolume ngoko nangoko izama ukunyusa ivolumu **imowudi yokufunda-bhala **, nto leyo ebangela ukubhalwa kwakhona kwejenali ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ixhonywe Terminal ukuba B-tree yonakele. Ukupasa -nomount ityhila iSitshixo sofihlo lweVolumu efihlakeleyo (VEK) kwi-Enclave eKhuselekileyo ngelixa ugcina indlela yefayile inganyuswanga ukuze siyinyuse ngokungqongqo ifundeke kuphela kwiSigaba sesi-3:

# Option A: Unlock using your macOS Login Password (try BOTH your current and previous passwords)
diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -nomount

# Option B: Unlock using your 24-Character Personal Recovery Key (PRK) directly in Terminal
diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 -passphrase XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX -nomount

Inyathelo 4: Kuthekani ukuba iFayileVault ivuleke ngokucocekileyo kwaye inkqubo yefayile AYIkonakali, kwaye iyala igama lakho eligqithisiweyo ekuqaleni?¶

Ukuba diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk3s5 iphumelele ngoko nangoko kwaye diskutil apfs verifyVolume /dev/disk3s5 imiboniso The volume Macintosh HD - Data appears to be OK, ingxaki yakho ekuphela kwayo ibiyi ayisetyenziswanga ngaxeshanye Preboot umthamo emva kokutshintshwa kwegama lokugqitha okanye uhlaziyo lwe-OS. Yilungise ngemizuzwana emi-5 ukuze iibhutsi zakho zeMac ziqheleke kwakhona:

# Mount the unlocked volume and force macOS to rebuild the Preboot login database:
diskutil mount /dev/disk3s5
diskutil apfs updatePreboot /dev/disk3s5

Isigaba sesi-3: Ukuhlangula idatha xa fsck_apfs / Uncedo lweDiski lokuqala aluphumelelanga (Invalid APFS Superblock okanye Object Map Invalid)¶

Kuthekani ukuba uyavula disk3s5 isebenza (FileVault: Yes (Unlocked)), kodwa xa uzama ukuyinyusa ngokwesiqhelo, iMacOS ithi com.apple.DiskManagement.disenter error -119930868 / -69845 okanye ingxelo yeDiski yoNcedo lokuQala: - error: omap_phys_t: invalid omap_most_recent_snap - error: nx_superblock_t: checkpoint map invalid - fsroot tree is invalid - File system verify or repair failed. : (-69845)

Landela la manyathelo mathathu anyukayo ophando lokukhupha iipesenti ezili-100 zeefayile zakho ngaphambi kokuba uzame nakuphi na ukulungiswa okutshabalalisayo:

Indlela yoku-1: Nyanzelela ukunyuswa kwe kernel yokufunda kuphela (mount_apfs -o rdonly)¶

Naxa umthamo we-APFS uyala ukunyuswa kwimowudi yokufunda-bhala (kuba iMacOS iyala ukufaka i-APFS emdaka bhala-bhala xa fsck_apfs ufumana ukungangqinelani komthi omnye we-B), i apfs.kext umqhubi uyakuvumela rhoqo ukufunda ngokungqongqo-kuphela intaba (-o rdonly):

# 1. Create a temporary mountpoint in the Recovery RAM disk
mkdir -p /Volumes/DataRescue

# 2. Force a read-only mount of the unlocked Data volume
mount_apfs -o rdonly /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/DataRescue

# 3. Check if your home directory is accessible
ls -la /Volumes/DataRescue/Users/

ditto -V /Volumes/DataRescue/Users/yourname /Volumes/MyExternalDrive/Rescued_Mac_Home/

Indlela yesi-2: Kuthekani ukuba umthi wenkqubo yefayile ephilayo (fsroot) yonakele? Nyusa into yangaphakathi APFS Local Snapshot (mount_apfs -s)¶

Nantsi isixhobo esiyimfihlo se APFS ukubuyisela kwakhona ukuba iingcali ezininzi ze-Apple Genius Bar zingayijongi: Nokuba ubungenayo idrayivu yakho yangaphandle yoMatshini weXesha eplagiweyo namhlanje, iMacOS yenza ngokuzenzekelayo ** engabonakaliyo, efundwayo kuphela. APFS Local Snapshots** (com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-140512.local okanye com.apple.os.update-...) kanye kwi-SSD yakho yangaphakathi rhoqo ngeyure naphambi kohlaziyo lwesoftware ye-macOS.

Ngenxa yokuba i-APFS Snapshot yingcambu yomthi enomkhenkce, engenakuguqulwa ngexesha le-B (snap_meta_ext_phys_t), nokuba indlela yefayile ephilayo (fsroot) yonakele ngexesha lengozi kwimizuzu eyi-10 eyadlulayo, umfanekiso othathwe kwiyure eyi-1 edlulileyo unengcambu yayo ezimeleyo, engonakaliyo yomthi we-B.

1. Dwelisa zonke iisnapshots zangaphakathi ze-APFS ezihlala kwivolumu yakho yeDatha engavulwanga (disk3s5):

   diskutil apfs listSnapshots /dev/disk3s5
   

   Jonga imveliso:

   Snapshot Disk:               disk3s5
   +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-120015.local
   +-- Name: com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-130144.local
   +-- Name: com.apple.os.update-MSUPrepareUpdate
   

2. Nyusa owona mfanekiso umva nje ngqo /Volumes/SnapRescue usebenzisa mount_apfs -s:

   mkdir -p /Volumes/SnapRescue
   mount_apfs -o rdonly -s com.apple.TimeMachine.2026-10-31-130144.local /dev/disk3s5 /Volumes/SnapRescue
   

3. Khangela /Volumes/SnapRescue/Users/yourname kwaye ukhuphele ifolda yakho yonke yomsebenzisi kwi drive yakho yangaphandle nge ditto:

   ditto -V /Volumes/SnapRescue/Users/yourname /Volumes/MyExternalDrive/Rescued_From_Snapshot/
   

Indlela yesi-3: Ukuhlola ii-Superblocks zesikhongozeli esidala (nx_superblock_t) kunye fsck_apfs¶

Kuthekani ukuba yonke i-APFS Container (/dev/disk0s2 -> disk3) yala ukuncamathisela, okanye zombini ivolumu ephilayo kunye noluhlu olukhawulezayo aluphumeleli kuba Isingxobo samva nje seSuperblock (nx_superblock_t) entlokweni yesithinteli seringi yokukhangela yakrazulwa ngexesha lokuphulukana nombane ngequbuliso?

1. Kuqala sebenzisa ngonakalisi funda-kuphela qinisekisa (-n) kwisahlulelo somzimba se-APFS (/dev/disk0s2) ukubona ukuba yeyiphi i-ID yetransekshini (xid) ayiphumelelanga:

   fsck_apfs -n /dev/disk0s2
   

2. Kuphela EMVA kokuba uzame iNdlela yoku-1, iNdlela yesi-2, okanye wenze umfanekiso wesahlulelo (dd kwidisk yangaphandle ngeNdlela yeDiskhi ekuJoliswe kuyo / Yabelana ngeDiski), sebenzisa fsck_apfs kwimo yokusebenzela/yokulungisa (-y) okanye nendawo yokukhangela endala (-o / -S iiflegi apho zixhaswa luBuyiselo loBuyiselo):

   fsck_apfs -y /dev/disk0s2
   

   Nini fsck_apfs ibona eyona intsha nx_superblock_t ngaphakathi kweNdawo yokuHlola yeNgcaciso yeNgcaciso ine-checksum engasebenziyo yeFletcher-64 (obj_cksum), ibuyela umva ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa isithinteli sendawo ejikelezayo yokukhangela (xp_desc_blocks) ukufumana eyona mbali iphezulu esebenzayo nx_superblock_t (xid - 1), iqengqeleka imeko yesikhongozeli emva ngemizuzwana embalwa, kwaye ibuyisela ukunyuswa kwevolumu.

Inqanaba lesi-4: Ukulungisa umatshini wexesha owonakeleyo .sparsebundle ("Time Machine Must Create a New Backup")¶

Ukuba ugcino lwakho loMatshini weXesha luhlala kwi-Synology/QNAP/TrueNAS network share (SMB) okanye ukuqhuba kwangaphandle ngaphakathi kwe <MacName>.sparsebundle (okanye .backupbundle) iphakheji, kwaye i-macOS iyavela:

"Uomatshini bexesha ugqibe ukuqinisekiswa kogcino lwakho kwi-'NAS'. Ukuphucula ukuthembeka, oomatshini bexesha kufuneka benze ugcino olutsha lwakho."

UNGAcofa u-"Qalisa i-New Backup" (ukucofa elo qhosha kucima yonke i-backup yakho yeminyaka emininzi .sparsebundle). Endaweni yoko, lungisa i-sparsebundle endaweni usebenzisa la manyathelo mane kwiMac yakho:

Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo Machine Time .sparsebundle / .backupbundle ukuhlangula¶

1. Nyuka isabelo senethiwekhi (SMB) okanye USB drive kwiFinder ukuze ubone YourMac.sparsebundle (umzekelo, kwi /Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle).
2. Vula nayiphi na into engenakuguqulwa uchg iiflegi kwiibhanti ze-sparsebundle: Vula iTheminali kwiMac yakho kwaye unike uFikelelo olupheleleyo lweDiski kwiSitena (System Settings -> Privacy & Security -> Full Disk Access), emva koko ubaleke:

   sudo chflags -R nouchg "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle"
   

3. ** Qhoboshela i .sparsebundle njenge diski ekrwada yokufunda-bhala NGAPHANDLE kokunyusela indlela yayo yefayile eyonakeleyo (-nomount)**:

   sudo hdiutil attach -nomount -noverify -noautofsck -readwrite "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle"
   

   Jonga isiphumo se-terminal ngononophelo:

   /dev/disk5              GUID_partition_scheme
   /dev/disk5s1            EFI
   /dev/disk5s2            Apple_APFS                      (or Apple_HFSX on older backups)
   

4. Jonga ukuba uyayisebenzisa na i-backup ye-Time Machine APFS (macOS 11 Big Sur kwaye entsha) okanye HFS+ (i-macOS 10.15 Catalina nangaphezulu), kwaye usebenzise ulungiso lwefayile ehambelanayo:
5. Ukuba /dev/disk5s2 utsho Apple_APFS: Baleka diskutil apfs list ukubona ireferensi edityanisiweyo yoMgqomo we APFS ye disk5s2 (umzekelo, Container disk6, uMqulu disk6s1), yivule ukuba ifihliwe (diskutil apfs unlockVolume /dev/disk6s1 -nomount), kwaye ubaleke fsck_apfs:

   sudo fsck_apfs -y /dev/disk5s2
   

6. Ukuba /dev/disk5s2 utsho Apple_HFS okanye Apple_HFSX: Qhuba iHFS+ ikhathalogu B-umthi ngokutsha (-drfy yakha kwakhona ikhathalogu B-umthi ukuba umgangatho -fy ayiphumelelanga):

   sudo fsck_hfs -fy -c 2g /dev/rdisk5s2
   

7. Susa idiski enenyani elungisiweyo ngokucocekileyo:

   sudo hdiutil detach /dev/disk5
   

8. Sula imeko ethi "Ityhefu / Ukuqinisekiswa kusilele" (VerificationState = 2) ngaphakathi Info.plist kwaye com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist: Nasemva koko fsck_apfs okanye fsck_hfs lungisa i-100 leepesenti leempazamo zesixokelelwano sefayile, Umatshini weXesha uza kusa ukwala ukusebenzisa ugcino de ube ususa iflegi yokusilela ebhale kuyo. com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist ngaphakathi kwe-sparsebundle:

   # Back up the plist first
   cp "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist" ~/Desktop/MachineID.plist.bak
   
   # Edit the plist using plutil / PlistBuddy to reset VerificationState from 2 to 0
   /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :VerificationState 0" "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist"
   /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Delete :RecoveryBackupDeclinedDate" "/Volumes/TM_Share/YourMac.sparsebundle/com.apple.TimeMachine.MachineID.plist" 2>/dev/null
   

   Ngoku cofa u-Back Up ngoku* kuMatshini weXesha (okanye uvule YourMac.sparsebundle kwi-Finder ukukopa iifayile ngaphandle ngokuthe ngqo): ixesha lakho lonke lembali eligcinayo linyuka ngokucocekileyo.

Inqanaba lesi-5: Ukwenza lukhuni i-macOS APFS, iFayileVault, kunye noMatshini weXesha ngokuchasene nokuvalwa kwexesha elizayo¶

Nje ukuba idatha yakho yeMac ihlangulwe, gqibezela olu luhlu lokuthintela olunenyathelo-4:

• Qinisekisa kwaye uprinte ikopi ebonakalayo yeFayileVault yakho yoBuyiselo boBubuntu obuneempawu ezingama-24 (fdesetup): KwiMac esebenzayo, qinisekisa ukuba isitshixo sakho seFayileVault siyasebenza ngaphandle kokusitshintsha ngokubaleka sudo fdesetup changerecovery -personal (esenza iSitshixo soBuyiselo soBuqu esinamagama angama-24 onokuthi usigcine ngoko nangoko kumphathi wakho wegama eliyimfihlo ngaphandle kweintanethi kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo yomlilo).
• Gcina ubuncinane 15% (50 GB ukuya 100 GB) yesithuba esikhululekileyo kwidiski yokuqalisa ye-APFS: Xa isikhongozeli se-APFS sigcwalisa ku 99% umthamo wasekunene phambi kohlaziyo lwenkqubo ye-macOS ye-Sonoma/Sequoia, isifakeli kunye ne-APFS Khuphela-kwi-Bhala into yeMaphu (omap) ingaphelelwa ziibhloko ezisimahla phakathi kuhlaziyo, ikhuphela iMac kwibootloop engavulekiyo (Error -69845).
• Gcina iithagethi ezimbini ezizimeleyo zoomatshini bexesha (okanye udibanise umatshini wexesha nge rsync / ICarbon Copy Cloner / Arq backup): Kuba uMatshini weXesha ujikelezisa ngokuzenzekelayo ii-backups kwiindawo ezininzi eziqwalaselweyo (e.g., NAS SMB Share + Local USB-C SSD), ukuba ne-USB-C SSD eqhotyoshelwe ngokuthe ngqo iqinisekisa ukuba awusoze uxhomekeke kuphela kwinethiwekhi .sparsebundle oko kunokonakalisa ukuba i-Wi-Fi yehla phakathi kokubhala.
• Ungaze uvale isiciko seMacBook okanye utsale intambo ye-USB-C ngelixa uMatshini weXesha uthi Cleaning up... okanye Preparing backup...: Eso sigaba uhlaziyo APFS snapshot B-umthi kunye sparsebundle imephu yebhendi.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente¶

Ngelixa ivolumu yeFayileVault itshixiwe okanye eyonakeleyo yokugcinwa komatshini wexesha iqhelekile ukuba yingxaki yobuqu okanye yeshishini le-IT, ukuvalwa kwendawo yokusebenza okuchaphazela ukhathalelo lwezonyango, iinkonzo zikaxakeka, okanye ukhuseleko lwedatha olusemthethweni luthwala iimfuno zokunyuka ngokusesikweni:

• I-United States neKhanada: Cofa 911 ukuba ukuvalwa kwendawo yokusebenza kuchaphazela ukhathalelo lwezigulane zonyango, izixhobo zokuxilonga, okanye ukuthunyelwa kongxamiseko. Kumaziko ezempilo (HIPAA), qaphela ukuba ngelixa i-disk epheleleyo FileVault 2 (AES-XTS-128) ibonelela ngeZibuko eziKhuselekileyo ngokuchasene nokungagunyaziswanga * ukubhengezwa * ukuba ilaptop ibiwe, ilahleko esisigxina yeerekhodi zesigulane esingaxhaswanga sisiganeko sokufumaneka phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko we-HIPAA (45 CFR § 164.308(a)(7)).
• United Kingdom: Cofa 999 kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lobomi okanye iinkqubo zeklinikhi ezibukhali ze-NHS. Vavanya ilahleko esisigxina yedatha yomntu engaxhaswanga phantsi kwe-*** Inqaku le-GDPR lase-UK 33** (ICO, 0303 123 1113).
• I-European Union: Cofa 112 kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Ukulahlekelwa ngokusisigxina kokufumaneka kwedatha yomntu okanye ukukhutshwa kwenkonzo ebalulekileyo kufuna ukuvavanywa phantsi kwe-klzzh:0356 (iiyure ezingama-72) kunye ne-NIS2 (iiyure ezingama-24 kumaziko akhuselweyo).
• Ostreliya neNew Zealand: Cofa 000 eOstreliya okanye 111 eNew Zealand ngempendulo engxamisekileyo.
• I-Indiya kunye ne-Asia-Pacific: Cofa 112 eIndiya impendulo kaxakeka; xela ukhuseleko lweshishini okanye iziganeko zokufumaneka phantsi kwemigaqo ye-CERT-In* kunye ne-DPDP Act esebenzayo.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Kutheni iMac yam ibonisa imiqulu emiBINI kwiDisk Utility (Macintosh HD kwaye Macintosh HD - Data), kwaye kutheni ukongeza ivolumu yesithathu kwenzeka emva kokuba ndifake kwakhona i-macOS?¶

Ukuqala kwi-macOS Catalina (10.15) kunye neBig Sur (11.0), i-Apple yahlula inkqubo yokusebenza ibe yinto yokufunda kuphela. Umthamo wenkqubo (`Macintosh HD`) kunye nokufunda-bhala Umthamo wedatha (`Macintosh HD - Data`) kudityaniswe kunye njenge **APFS Volume Group** (ngoko uMfumani ubabonisa njenge drive enye). Ukuba umntu ubuyisele i-macOS kwivolumu engalunganga ngaphandle kokucima iQela loMqulu ngokufanelekileyo, iDisk Utility yenza impinda. `Macintosh HD - Data - Data` umthamo ngelixa iifayile zakho zoqobo zihlala zihleli ngaphakathi kwendala ezinganyuswanga `Macintosh HD - Data` umthamo. Baleka `diskutil apfs list` kwiTheminali, nyusa yomibini imiqulu yeDatha, kwaye ujonge `/Volumes//Users/` nganye nganye ukufumana iifayile zakho zokwenyani.

Kuthekani ukuba ndilibele ZOKUBINI igama lokungena lam lokungena kwiMac KUNYE neSitshixo sam sokuBuyisela seFayileVault enamagama angama-24, kwaye andizange ndivumele i-iCloud FileVault escrow?¶

Ukuba `FileVault 2` yenziwe kwi Apple Silicon (`M1/M2/M3/M4`) okanye Intel `T2` IMac kwaye awunalo naliphi na igama eliyimfihlo lomsebenzisi, isitshixo soBuyiselo soBuqu, iCloud Recovery escrow, okanye iSitshixo soBuyiselo seZiko leMDM (`Jamf / Intune`), akunakwenzeka ukuba uguqule ukuntsonkotha kwe-SSD yangaphakathi: hayi nobuNjineli be-Apple okanye ilebhu yegumbi elicocekileyo inokunyanzela i-injini ye-AES ebotshelelwe kwi-hardware ngaphakathi kwe-Enclave eKhuselekileyo (enyanzelisa ukulibaziseka kwexesha le-hardware phakathi kwemizamo). Ngaphambi kokuba unikezele, nangona kunjalo, jonga iindawo ezintathu apho isitshixo sakho sisekhona: (1) khangela ukuba enye iakhawunti yomsebenzisi yoMlawuli ikhona kwiMac (`diskutil apfs listcryptousers`); (2) khangela ukuba iMac yakho yakha yabhaliswa kwi-MDM yomqeshi wakho (ethi ngokuzenzekelayo ikhuphe isitshixo sokuBuyisa iFayileVault); okanye (3) khangela i-iCloud Drive yakho / Iifoto / ii-backups zoomatshini bexesha.

Kwakutheni ukuze diskutil apfs unlockVolume usilele nge Error: -69593: Checksum verification failed okanye Invalid password (-69507) xa ndisazi ukuba igama lam eliyimfihlo lilungile nge-100%?¶

Okokuqala, khangela i-*Keyboard Layout** yakho kwikona ephezulu ngasekunene kwesikrini soBuyiselo se-macOS: UBuyiselo buhlala bungagqibekanga. `U.S. QWERTY` nokuba iMacBook yakho ine-UK, isiJamani (`QWERTZ`IsiFrentshi (`AZERTY`), okanye ikhibhodi yeDvorak, ebangela iisimboli (`@`, `"`, `-`, `_`, `y/z`) kwigama lakho lokugqitha ukuchwetheza umbhalo ongalunganga. Chwetheza igama eligqithisiweyo kwi-terminal ebonakalayo yomyalelo wokuqala ukuze ubone oonobumba ngqo kwisikrini, emva koko ukope kwaye uncamathisele kwi-password prompt.

Ngaba ndiyakwazi ukubuyisela iifayile ezicinyiweyo kwi-APFS Mac SSD usebenzisa PhotoRec okanye Disk Drill ukuba ndikhuphe iNkunkuma ngempazamo?¶

Kuyo nayiphi na iMac yanamhlanje ene-SSD yangaphakathi, xa ifayile icinyiwe kwaye iNkunkuma ikhutshiwe (kwaye hayi `APFS Local Snapshot` iimbekiselo ezo bhloko), iMacOS ithumela kwangoko ihardware **NVMe `Deallocate (TRIM)`** umyalelo kumlawuli we-SSD, othi zero iibhloko ezingachazwanga kwimizuzwana. Ke ngoko, **indlela yakho ye-#1 yokubuyisela emva kokuchitha iNkunkuma kwi-Mac AKUKHO umkrolo okrwada: ixhoma ngoko nangoko. `APFS Local Snapshot` (`diskutil apfs listSnapshots /` kwaye `mount_apfs -s`) phambi kokuba umfanekiso weyure ujikeleze**, njengoko kucacisiwe kwiSigaba sesi-3 Indlela yesi-2 ngasentla.

Kutheni le nto iMac yam iphelelwe yindawo yedisk ngaphambi kokuba ingqubeke xa ndicima i-100 GB yeefayile zevidiyo kwimizuzu eli-10 ngaphambili?¶

Ngokuba `APFS` yiKhuphela-kwi-Bhala indlela yefayile, icima i `100 GB` ifayile **ayikukhulula** ezo `100 GB` yeebhloko zedisk ukuba ngeyure **APFS Local Snapshot** (`com.apple.TimeMachine.*.local`) ethathwe kwangoko namhlanje isakhomba ezobhloko (`Purgeable Space`). Ukuba iMac yakho ayikwazi ukuqalisa okanye ukugqiba uhlaziyo ngenxa yokuba i-snapshots ibambe `100 GB` yokubanjwa kwendawo, qalisa kwiSitena soBuyiselo, vula `Macintosh HD - Data`, dwelisa izifinyezo nge `diskutil apfs listSnapshots /dev/disk3s5`, kwaye ucime eyona snapshot indala nge `diskutil apfs deleteSnapshot /dev/disk3s5 -name ` ukukhulula iibhloko ngoko nangoko.

Ndizikopa njani iifayile kuMatshini weXesha osempilweni okanye olungisiweyo .sparsebundle kwiWindows okanye kwiPC yeLinux ukuba iMac yam ifile ngokupheleleyo?¶

Umatshini Wexesha `.sparsebundle` luluhlu nje lwefayile equlathe amakhulukhulu `8 megabyte` isiqwenga iifayile (`bands/0`, `bands/1`, `bands/2`...) ezidibana kunye ukwenza umfanekiso wedisk enenyani. Kwi-Linux (Ubuntu), ungadibanisa-nyusa iibhendi ze-sparsebundle kwisixhobo esisodwa sebhloko esinenyani usebenzisa **`sparsebundlefs`** (`sudo sparsebundlefs /mnt/nas/MyMac.sparsebundle /mnt/virtual_img`), kwaye emva koko unyuse ivolumu yangaphakathi yeAPFS yokufunda-kuphela usebenzisa **`apfs-fuse`** (`sudo apfs-fuse /mnt/virtual_img/sparsebundle.dmg /mnt/mac_files`) okanye uvule i `.sparsebundle` ngqo kwi ** UFS Explorer ** / ** R-Studio ** kwiWindows.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• I-macOS kernel panic, isikrini esimnyama, kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona
• I-BitLocker, iFayileVault, kunye ne-LUKS yokuvala isitshixo sokubuyisela kunye nokusetha kwakhona kwe-TPM
• Ngengozi rm -rf okanye Shift+Delete kwiLinux, macOS, okanye Windows: funda-kuphela kwakhona
• I-VeraCrypt, i-BitLocker, okanye i-Cryptomator yonakalise i-header yevolumu, ukubuyisela i-header egciniweyo, kunye nokubuyisela isitshixo se-RAM
• I-SSD kunye ne-NVMe imowudi yokufunda kuphela ngequbuliso, i-0% yeebhloko ezisecaleni, kunye ne-TRIM ekhubazayo yokuhlangula.
• Ukugcinwa kwekhompyuter, isicwangciso se-3-2-1, kunye nokubuyisela intlekele
• Amanani kaxakeka ngokwelizwe

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• Apple Inc.developer.apple.com): Inkqubo yeFayile yeApple (APFS) Isalathisi: I-Superblock yesikhongozeli (nx_superblock_t), Isithinteli seRingi yeSichazelo (xp_desc), Imephu yento (omap_phys_t), kunye neZakhiwo zoMqulu weSifinyezo.
• Isikhokelo soKhuseleko seQonga le-Apple (support.apple.com/guide/security): I-FileVault 2 i-Full-Disk Encryption Architecture, i-Enclave eKhuselekileyo yokuSonga isitshixo (VEK / KEK), kunye nePreboot Volume Ungqamaniso.
• Amaphepha oMntu we-Apple macOS: diskutil(8), fsck_apfs(8), mount_apfs(8), hdiutil(1), kwaye fdesetup(8) Isalathiso soLawulo lweSixokelelwano.
• Iziko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnoloji (NIST) (eUnited States): Ushicilelo oluKhethekileyo 800-111: Isikhokelo sokuGcinwa kweeTekhnoloji zoShishino lweZixhobo zoMsebenzisi wokuphela.