Ukuhamba ngocango lweglasi okanye ishawari epholileyo evalekile¶

Iingozi zeglasi yoyilo ngaphakathi kumakhaya, iihotele, kunye neepatio ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezonyango ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni iglasi yeglasi ndala yeglasi yepleyiti engenamsindo okanye iglasi yokhuseleko yale mihla. Kumakhaya amadala, amagumbi elanga, kunye namagumbi angalungiswanga akhiwe phambi kweekhowudi zokwakha ezikhuselayo (okanye zifakelwe iipaneli zokutshintsha ezitshiphu), iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo, iingcango zesaqhwithi, iifestile ezinomfanekiso ophantsi, kunye nekofu engaphezulu kweglasi okanye iitafile zokutyela zihlala zenziwe nge-iglasi edadayo edibeneyo. Xa umntwana okanye umntu omdala esilela ukubona ucango lwepatio olucocekileyo oluvaliweyo kwaye ahambe okanye abaleke kulo, okanye ehleli kwitafile yeglasi evaliweyo, ipaneli iqhekeka ibe izigebenga ezinkulu, ezinzima, ezibukhali ezibukhali ezinxantathu kunye neencakuba ze-guillotine. Njengoko iingalo zexhoba, intamo, i-torso, okanye imilenze idlula kwifreyimu kwaye idonsa ngasemva, oonxantathu abaphezulu abajingayo behla behla njenge-guillotine, rhoqo ukuqhawula umthambo we-brachial* kwingalo ephezulu, i--radial kunye ne-ulnar arteries* esihlahleni, i-carotid neck okanye i-internal in the junior i-popliteal arteries ** emlenzeni, obangela ukutshatyalaliswa okubulalayo ngaphakathi ** 2 ukuya kwimizuzu emi-4 ** ngaphandle kokuba i-tourniquet esheshayo okanye uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo lusetyenziswa.

Ngokwahlukileyo, izivalo zeglasi ezivaliweyo zeglasi, iingcango zepatio zanamhlanje, kunye neetafile ezipholileyo zenziwa phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu ukwenzela ukuba xa zisilela (ukusuka kwihinge yokungahambi kakuhle, i-tile edge nick, i-thermal shock, okanye yangaphakathi nickel sulfide (\(\text{NiS}\)) ukufakwa kwelitye), lonke iwaka ligqabhuka ligqabhuka liyi-bang encinci i-cube-like granules ("dicing"). Ngelixa iglasi epholileyo isusa i-guillotine giant guillotine daggers of annealed plate glass daggers, i-35-to-50-kilogram (75-to-110-pound) umnyango weshawari ongenasiphako ogqabhukela kwindawo yokuhlamba emanzi, ehamba ze isabetha amakhulukhulu imivimbo ebukhali, iliso elikhulu elinxibeleleneyo elibambeneyo, iingqekembe zangaphakathi ezidityanisiweyo kunye nokwenzakala okumandla kweglasi yangaphandle* kunye nokwenzakala okumandla kweglasi* yangaphandle izihlangu zodwa ezingenanto apho ukuhla kwimethi yeshawari kuqhuba iityhubhu zeglasi ezibukhali kwiplantar fascia. Ukwazi indlela yokunqanda ukopha kwemithambo ebeka ubomi esichengeni kwiplate-glass laceration ngemizuzwana, ukuzinzisa ishadi yeglasi ebethelelwe emthini ngaphandle kokuyikhupha, kunye nokukhupha ngokukhuselekileyo umntu ohlamba umzimba ohamba ze evaleleke engenazihlangu ngaphakathi kwiglasi evalekileyo yeshawari ebiyelweyo kusindisa ubomi kunye nombono.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Faka uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo, olunamandla oluthe ngqo okanye i-windlass tourniquet yorhwebo kuyo nayiphi na inxeba elibomvu eliqaqambileyo, elihlabayo, okanye elidibanisa ngokukhawuleza. Iisentimitha ezi-7 (ii-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3) ngaphezulu kwenxeba lelungu kwaye uqinise i-windlass de kuphele ukopha ngokupheleleyo; bona ukopha kakhulu.
2. UNGAZE ukhuphe iglasi enkulu entanyeni, esifubeni, esiswini, ethangeni, ethangeni, okanye esweni. Isiqwenga seglasi esifakwe nzulu sisebenza njengesivalo sokuvala imithambo nemithambo; ukuyikhupha kubangela ukopha okungalawulekiyo kwangaphakathi okanye emithanjeni. Faka uxinzelelo oluqinileyo malunga nesiseko se-shard ngaphandle kokutyhala kwiglasi ngokwayo, kwaye uzinzise nge-padding bulky; bona ukubethelelwa kunye nokuzinziswa kwento yangaphandle.
3. *Tsa ixhoba (okanye ulibambe linyathele) licace kucango olungaphezulu KUPHELA ukuba iglasi ejingayo "i-guillotine" iza kuwela phezu kwayo, okanye ikhuphe iingceba ezijingayo KUPHELA ukuba inokwenziwa ngaphandle kokusika nabani na. ngezantsi.
4. *Fowunela inombolo yakho kaxakeka yendawo (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kulo lonke elase-European Union, 999 eUnited Kingdom) ngoko nangoko kuyo nayiphi na igilasi enkulu, ukopha kwemithambo, intamo/isifuba esisikwe, ukulahleka komthambo, okanye ukwenzakala kwamehlo. ukulwa ukothuka ukopha; khangela amanani kaxakeka kwaye ubone umothuko.
5. Ukuba ucango lweshawari yeglasi luqhuma ngakuwe ngelixa uhamba ze kwaye unganxibanga zihlangu, MIMA endaweni kwaye UNGAPHUMI ngaphaya komgangatho ogqunywe yiglasi. Gquma amehlo akho nobuso bakho ngezandla okanye ngetawuli ukuba iglasi isawa, khwaza umntu ongaphandle kwegumbi lokuhlambela eze izihlangu eziqinileyo kunye neetawuli ezishinyeneyo zokuhlambela, beka iglasi esongwayo phambi kwebhulorho phambi konyawo lwakho, beka itawuli egobileyo phambi kweenyawo zakho. ubunzima phantsi, kwaye ungene ngqo kwizihlangu.
6. UNGAZE uhlikihle amehlo akho okanye wosule ubuso bakho ngetawuli evulwe yiglasi ukuba iglasi iqhekeziwe kufuphi nentloko yakho. Vala amehlo akho, ngqiyama phambili, uze uvumele omnye umntu akugalele ngobunono amanzi adikidiki acocekileyo ebunzi neenkophe ezivaliweyo ukuze ahlambe uthuli lweglasi evulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uvule amehlo akho; ukuba kukho nechaphaza elingaphakathi kweliso, khusela iliso ngaphandle koxinzelelo kwaye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka; bona ukwenzakala kwamehlo.

flowchart TD
    Start["I-Architectural Glass Shatter Emergency"] --> GlassType{"Loluphi uhlobo lonxunguphalo lweglasi olwenzeke?"}
    GlassType -->|"Wahamba Ngocango Lweglasi okanye Wawa Ngetafile yeglasi"| BleedCheck{"Ngaba kukho igazi eliphuma kumthambo okanye igazi elidibanisa ngokukhawuleza?"}
    BleedCheck -->|"EWE: Ilungu elibi kakhulu okanye ukopha kweJunctional"| Hemorrhage["1. Qaphela ukuxhoma i-glass guillotine shards ngaphezulu <br/>2. Faka i-windlass tourniquet 5 ukuya kwi-7 cm (2 ukuya ku-3 ngaphakathi) ngaphezu kwenxeba lelungu<br/>3. Pakisha amanxeba e-groin/ikhwapha/entanyeni kwaye ufake uxinzelelo olumandla lwezandla ezibini<br/>4. Fowunela u-911/112/999 ngoko nangoko kwaye ungqengqe ixhoba"]
    BleedCheck -->|"Ishadi yeglasi ebethelelweyo eNtameni, eNtanjeni, kwiLiso, okanye eLingeni"| Impaled["1. MUSA ukukhupha ishadi yeglasi efakwe ngaphakathi<br/>2. Cinezela ngokuqinileyo eluswini malunga nesiseko seshadi ukulawula ukopha<br/>3. Yakha i-ring-pad okanye i-rolled-gauze support around shard<br/>4. Fowunela 911/112/999 kwaye ugcine ixhoba ngokupheleleyo"]
    GlassType -->|"Ishawa yeglasi enomsindo yoNcango oluzenzekelayo lugqabhuko-dubulo"| Shower["1. YENZA INKCAZELO kwindawo; SUKUHAMBA unganxibanga zihlangu kwiglasi eqhekekileyo<br/>2. Yiba nomncedi obeka iitawuli ezijiyileyo kwaye uze nezihlangu eziqinileyo<br/>3. Brasha iglasi ezinweleni/emagxeni ngentloko ejonge phambili (amehlo avaliwe)<br/>4. Jonga isihlahla esinzulu/ukusikeka kwe-ankle tendon kunye namachaphaza e-cornea"]

Iglasi yepleyiti ene-Annealed vs. Iglasi yokhuseleko epholileyo: Kutheni iingcango ezindala kunye neetafile ziyingozi¶

Ukuqonda ifiziksi yokwaphuka kwezi ntlobo zintathu zeglasi yoyilo icacisa ukuba kutheni ukuhamba ngocango oludala lwepatio okanye ukuwela kwitafile yekofu yeglasi yenye yezona ndlela zibulalayo zasekhaya:

Ukulawula ukopha okungxamisekileyo emva kokuhamba ngomnyango weglasi okanye ukuwela kwitafile yeglasi¶

"Iindawo zokubulala" ezintlanu ze-anatomical kwiiplate-glass kungqubana¶

Xa umntu ehamba okanye ebaleka kucango lweglasi evaliweyo okanye ekhwela kwitafile yekofu yeglasi, ngethuku lemvelo baphosa iingalo zabo kunye nezandla phambi kobuso babo ngelixa intloko, intamo kunye nomlenze okhokelayo uqhekeka kwipaneli. Iindawo ezihlanu zokulimala kwemithambo kunye ne-neurological zifuna uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kwimizuzwana yokuqala engama-30:

1. Ingalo ePhakamileyo ePhakamileyo kunye neCubital Fossa (i-Brachial Artery): Njengoko iingalo ezoluliweyo zexhoba zigqobhoza kwiglasi kwaye ziphumle ngapha kwefestile esezantsi exineneyo okanye zitsalele ngasemva, iglasi ihleba inyuke iye phezulu kumqolo ongaphakathi wengqiniba okanye umjelo ongaphakathi we-biceps, iqhawula brachial arteryn/urna Umthambo we-brachial oqhawulweyo umpompa igazi elibomvu eliqaqambileyo kwigumbi kwaye ubangela ukulahleka kwegazi elibulalayo kwi-3 ukuya kwimizuzu emi-5.
2. I-Volar Wrist (i-Radial kunye ne-Ulnar Arteries, i-Flexor Tendons, kunye ne-Median Nerve): Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "sisihla sespaghetti" kuqhaqho lwesandla, iglasi enye ethe tyaba ethe tyaba enqamleze icala lesandla sesandla ngaxeshanye inokuqhawula zombini imithambo yeradial kunye ne-ulnar medianan kunye ne-flexible nerves
3. INtamo Yangaphambili (I-Carotid Artery, Internal Jugular Vein, kunye neTrachea): Xa intloko yexhoba iphumela phambili kwiglasi okanye xa unxantathu weglasi ejingayo esihla ukusuka phezulu kumgubasi wocango, ibetha intamo. Ukongeza kwi-arterial ephuma kwi-carotid artery, i-lacerated ** i-jugular vein yangaphakathi ** inokufunxa umoya we-atmospheric kwi-bloodstream ngexesha lokuphefumla (**fatal venous air embolism **).
4. Ithanga langaphambili, iGroin, kunye noBumva beDolo (Imithambo yeFemoral kunye nePopliteal): Njengoko umlenze okhokelayo unyathela kwisiqingatha esisezantsi esiqhekeziweyo socango okanye untlithekile ngetafile yekofu yeglasi ephantsi, izikhonkwane zeglasi ezijonge phezulu zibethelela i-groin crease (femoral artery), idolo elingaphakathi emva kwethanga***, idolo* elingaphakathi*
5. I-Ankle yangasemva (i-Achilles Tendon kunye ne-Posterior Tibial Artery): Xa ixhoba linyathela kwipaneli engezantsi eyaphukileyo kwaye libuyisela unyawo lwalo ngasemva, okanye xa ipleyiti enzima yeglasi ityibilika ngasemva komlenze wabo ongezantsi, iqhawula ngokucocekileyo i-**Achilles tendon ** kanye phezu kwesithende.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo lononophelo olusindisa ubomi bokuqhekeka kweglasi¶

Inyathelo 1: Yenza indawo ikhuseleke ekuweni kweglasi "guillotine".¶

Ngaphambi kokuba uguqe phezu kwexhoba elophayo elilele kumgubasi wocango oluqhekekileyo okanye ifestile:

1. Jonga phezulu kumphezulu kunye neetshaneli ezisecaleni zocango lokuxhoma oonxantathu beglasi: Ukuba i-10-kilogram (22-pound) i-dagger yeglasi edibeneyo ijinga ngokuyingozi ngaphezulu komqolo okanye intamo yexhoba, mhlawumbi *rhuqa ixhoba ngamagxa okanye impahla kwi-1.5 yeemitha (5 iinyawo) ngasemva ngaphandle kunye nentloko ye-spipe alig umntu wesibini ubhijela ibhatyi enzima okanye isitulo ezandleni zakhe aze abethe iqhekeza elijingayo liphumele ngaphandle kwixhoba.
2. Khusela ezakho izandla namadolo: Ungaze uguqe ngamadolo ngedolo kwimfumba yeglasi eyaphukileyo; jusa umqamelo osongekileyo wesofa, i-doormat eshinyeneyo, okanye ibhatyi esongiweyo emgangathweni ukuze uguqe ukuze ungaqhawuki eyakho i-patellar tendon okanye imithambo yasetyhini ngelixa ufaka uxinzelelo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Yeka ukopha ngokukhawuleza okubeka ubomi esichengeni (Phambi kokuba ukhathazeke ngamanxeba amancinane)¶

Umntu ogutyungelwe kukusikeka kweglasi yangaphandle uhlala ebonakala enegazi eloyikekayo ukusuka entloko ukuya eluzwaneni, nto leyo enokuphazamisa abantu ababukeleyo kwi-inxeba elinye elinzulu lomthambo elikhupha umthamo wegazi labo:

1. Skena iingalo, izihlahla, intamo, amathanga, kunye namaqatha ukuze ufumane igazi eligqatsayo elibomvu eliqaqambileyo okanye idama legazi elibomvu elikhula ngokukhawuleza:
2. Ngokopha kakhulu kwelungu lemithambo (ingalo ephezulu, ingalo/isihlahla, ithanga, okanye umlenze ongezantsi):
3. ** Qinisekisa ukuba akukho shard yeglasi enkulu iphumayo kwindawo kanye apho ucinezela khona:** Ukuba inxeba sisilayi esicocekileyo esingenaqhekeza leglasi elikhulu eliphumayo, cofa iphedi eshinyeneyo yeyasuyasu ecocekileyo okanye itawuli yomqhaphu esongiweyo ngokuthe ngqo nangamandla kwinxeba elophayo ngezandla zozibini.
4. Faka i-tourniquet yelungu ngokukhawuleza ukuba uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo aluyeki ukutyhutyha komthambo okanye ukuba igazi lintywila ngokukhawuleza kwi-pad: Beka i-tourniquet ye-windlass yorhwebo (efana ne-CAT okanye i-SOFTT-W) 5 ukuya kwi-7 yeesentimitha (2 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-3) ngaphezu kwenxeba leglasi (ungaze ube phakathi kwenxeba okanye idolo ngqo phezu kwedolo iqhekeza leglasi), tsala umtya ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ujije intonga yomoya de kuphele ngokupheleleyo ukopha okubomvu okuqaqambileyo; bona ukopha kakhulu.
5. Ngokwenza imitya enzulu yentamo (umthambo weCarotid okanye umthambo weJugular):
6. UNGAZE ujije ibhandeji elijikelezayo okanye ukhenkethi entanyeni.
7. Kwangoko cinezela i-gauze engcolileyo, i-hemostatic dressing, okanye ilaphu elisongiweyo elicocekileyo ** ngokuqinileyo kwindawo eyophayo ecaleni kwentamo ngeminwe yakho eneglavu**, ujike uxinzelelo lwakho ngasemva kancinci kumqolo wesibeleko kunokutyhala ngqo ngaphakathi kuqhoqhoqho (uqhoqhoqho).
8. Ukutywina inxeba lemithambo yentamo ngoko nangoko ngesinxibo esingangeni moya/esivalekileyo okanye iphedi yegauze emanzi engqindilili phantsi koxinzelelo oluqinileyo lomnwe kukwathintela umoya ekubeni ufunxeke kumthambo wejugular okrazukileyo (venous air embolism).
9. Ngenxeba elinzulu elinomnqamlezo / iqhekeza leglasi:
10. SUKUYISUSI ishadi yeglasi, kwaye SUKUcinezela ngqo phezu kweglasi.
11. Faka uxinzelelo oluqinileyo phantsi ngeminwe yakho esikhumbeni ** ngokukhawuleza ecaleni kwemiphetho yomibini ye-shard ** ukuze ucinezele isitya segazi esingaphantsi, kwaye wakhe i-gauze ejikeleziweyo okanye amakhonkco amalaphu adibeneyo kumacala omabini eglasi de kube i-padding ide ngaphezu kwe-shard, uze uyifake ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni; bona ukubethelelwa kunye nokuzinziswa kwento yangaphandle.
12. Ngokwesifuba okanye iminxeba yeglasi yesisu:
13. Ukuba i-dagger yeglasi ingene kudonga lwesifuba kwaye uve umoya ufunxa okanye ubhubhudla enxebeni, yigqume nge--macala amathathu eventiweyo yokunxiba (okanye isitywina sesifuba esivulwa ngokurhweba) emva kokucima iglasi engaphezulu; bona i-tension pneumothorax kunye nokufunxa inxeba lesifuba uncedo lokuqala.
14. Ukuba amalungu esisu aphumela ngaphandle kwiglasi ejulileyo yokusika esiswini, musa ukuwatyhala ngaphakathi; zigqume ngobunono ngesinxibo esicocekileyo esixutywe ne-saline eyinyumba okanye amanzi acocekileyo ashushu; bona ukukhutshwa kwesisu kunye nokhathalelo lwenxeba elivulekileyo lesisu.

Ucango lweshawari yeglasi epholileyo okanye itafile yetafile eqhumayo ngokuzenzekelayo: Inyathelo ngenyathelo lokuzihlangula¶

Kutheni iingcango zeglasi ezipholileyo ziqhuma "ngaphandle kwesizathu"¶

Rhoqo ngonyaka, amawaka eeglasi ezivaliweyo zeshawari kunye neengcango zepatio ziqhekeka ngokuqhushumba ngelixa umntu ehlamba okanye naxa igumbi lokuhlambela lingenanto. Iindlela ezintathu zobunjineli zibangela oku kusilela ngequbuliso:

1. Umonakalo osekupheleni okanye udibaniso lwentsimbi ukuya kwiglasi: Iglasi epholileyo inolusu olungaphandle oluxineneyo kunye nombindi ongaphakathi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngelixa ubuso obuthe tyaba beglasi epholileyo bomelele kakhulu, iincam zayo zangaphandle ezibhityileyo zizithende zayo ze-Achilles. Ukuba isikrufu sehinge siyayekeleleka ukuze ucango olunzima lweglasi luhexe kwaye lukrwele ikona yalo esezantsi kwithayile yomgangatho weceramic, okanye ukuba isibambiso sebhawuti yentsimbi siphulukana negasket yerabha kwaye iyicinezele iglasi ngokuthe ngqo, itshiphu yemicroscopic yaphula indawo yocinezelo yangaphandle kwaye igqabhuze indawo yolawulo.
2. I-Nickel Sulfide ezenzekelayo (\(\text{NiS}\)) yokwandiswa kokufakwa: Ngexesha lokwenziwa kweglasi, amasuntswana e-nickel sulfide anokuvaleleka ngaphakathi kumbindi wendawo yoxinzelelo lweglasi. Ngaphezulu kweenyanga okanye iminyaka (ikhawuleziswa ngumphunga oshushu weshawa kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu), ikristale ye-nickel sulfide itshintsha kancinane isigaba ukusuka kwi-alpha ukuya kwi-beta yemo yemolekyuli kwaye yanda ngevolumu nge-2% ukuya kwi-4%, isebenza njenge-wedge yangaphakathi eqhekeza ucango kungekho mntu uyichukumisayo.
3. Izahlulo zoxinzelelo lobushushu: Ukutshiza ngokukhawuleza amanzi ashushu atshisayo kwiphaneli yeglasi ebandayo yegumbi lokuhlambela elinomphetho ocoliweyo kudala ukwanda kobushushu obudala ukwaphuka.

Ubaleka njani kwindawo ebiyelweyo yeshawari eqhekekileyo xa uhamba ze kwaye unganxibanga zihlangu¶

Xa ucango lweshawari yeglasi epholileyo luqhushumba ngelixa umi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuthengisela, ngoko nangoko urhangqwe yikhaphethi enzulu ka-2-ukuya-5-isentimitha ubunzulu betyhubhu yeglasi ebukhali egqume ipani yokuhlambela kunye negumbi lokuhlambela ngaphandle, ngamawaka eentsimbi ezincinci zeglasi ezincanyathiselwe kwiinwele zakho ezimanzi, amagxa, neenkophe:

1. KHULULA ngoko nangoko apho umi khona:
2. Iintende zeenyawo zakho ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kwakho zikhuselekile ngokwangoku kwiglasi ewayo ngeenyawo zakho. Sukuphakamisa unyawo kwaye uthathe inyathelo. Ukuhla unobunzima bomzimba wakho opheleleyo kwityhubhu yeglasi epholileyo kuqhuba iintlanti ezininzi kulusu lweplanta oluqinileyo lwesithende sakho kunye ne-arch, ukuqhawula imisipha kwaye kukurhintyele emgangathweni kwidama legazi namanzi.
3. Gcina amehlo akho evaliwe kwaye ucime itephu yeshawari kuphela ukuba unokufika kuyo ngaphandle kokuhambisa iinyawo zakho:
4. Ukuba kufuneka uvule amehlo akho, jikisa intloko yakho ** phambili ** kuqala kwaye usebenzise izandla ezimanzi (emva kokuhlamba iintende zakho phantsi kwentloko yeshawari) ukutshayela ngobunono iigranules zeglasi kumashiya akho kunye nebunzi lakho ukuze zingawi kwii-corneas zakho xa uqhwanyaza.
5. Biza ilungu losapho okanye ummelwane, okanye ubaleke wedwa "ibhulorho yetawuli":
6. Ukuba kukho omnye umntu endlwini: Khwaza ngokucacileyo: “SUKU kungena kwigumbi lokuhlambela unganxibanga zihlangu. Nxiba izihlangu ezishinyeneyo, uze neetawuli ezimbini ezinzima zokuhlambela nezihlangu zam, uze utshayele indlela eya kwishawari.” Cela umncedi abeke itawuli eshinyeneyo nesongekileyo yokuhlamba eyomileyo phezu kweglasi kanye ecaleni kweenyawo zakho uze ubeke izihlangu zakho eziqinileyo phezu kwetawuli. Phakamisa unyawo olunye ngexesha, ** sula unyawo lwakho lucoceke ngokupheleleyo kwiibits zeglasi ezinamathele usebenzisa itawuli yesandla ecocekileyo ecocekileyo **, kwaye ungene ngqo kwisihlangu sakho ngaphambi kokuba ubeke ubunzima.
7. Ukuba usekhaya wedwa kwaye akukho fowuni ifikelela kuyo: Khangela elona laphu lingqindilili elinokufikelelwa ngengalo (itawuli enzima yokuhlamba ejinga eludongeni, imathi yokuhlambela esongiweyo, okanye ikhethini yeshawa yeplastiki ekrazulwe kwizangqa zayo yaze yasongwa yangamaleko angqindilili asisi-6 ukuya kwisi-8). Beka itawuli esongelweyo okanye ikhethini esongiweyo emgangathweni ngqo phambi kwakho ukuze wenze iphedi enganyangekiyo, sula umzantsi wonyawo lwakho lokuqala ucoceke ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba unyathele kwipadi, kwaye utsibe itawuli yesibini okanye ibhafu phambili de ufikelele kwizihlangu.
8. ** Ukucoca ulusu kunye neenwele ngaphandle kokuhlikihla iglasi enyameni yakho:**
9. Ungaze uzomise itawuli ngokuzihlikihla ulusu lwakho ngetawuli emva kokudubula kweshawari yeglasi; Ukuhlikihla kufana nephepha lesanti elirhabaxa elicola amawaka eeglasi ezingabonakaliyo zeglasi kwimingxuma yolusu lwakho.
10. Nje ukuba umile ngokukhuselekileyo kwizihlangu ezinesoli eqinile kwenye ishawa okanye ngaphezulu komgangatho ococekileyo, ngqiyamisa intloko yakho phambili ngamehlo avale ngci kwaye usebenzise i-rinse yamanzi adikidiki (okanye usebenzise imicu ye-ncangathi yeteyiphu encangathi okanye i-lint-roller tape ecinezelwe kancinci kwaye iphakanyiswe xa ulusu lomile) ukuphakamisa amaqhekeza amancinci eglasi emagxeni akho, umva

Ukuvavanya i-tendon, i-nerve, kunye nokulimala kwamehlo emva kokusikwa kweglasi¶

Nokuba kubonakala ngathi incinci ** i-1-centimeter (0.4-intshi) yeglasi yokusika ** emnweni, esihlahleni, engalweni, okanye iqatha idume kakubi kwiyeza likaxakeka ngokufihla i-tendon eyi-100% enqunyulwe okanye i-nerve yedijithali ** ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, kuba iglasi iyasikwa njenge-scalpel yotyando ukuya ethanjeni:

• **Khangela umnwe kunye nomsebenzi we-tendon yesandla: ** Ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa ngokuchasene nokuchasana okubuhlungu, khangela ukuba umntu unako ukugoba ngobunono incam kunye nombindi ophakathi kuwo wonke umnwe (flexor digitorum profundus kunye ne-superficialis tendon), lungisa yonke iminwe ngokupheleleyo (i-extensor tendon), kwaye uthinte isithupha sabo kwi-pinky finger. Ukuba umnwe wehla okanye awuyi kugoba okanye uqonde, i-tendon iyanqunyulwa kwaye idinga utyando olukhawulezileyo lwesandla.
• ** Khangela i-distal sensation kunye nokujikeleza: ** Chukumisa ngobunono macala omabini encam yomnwe ngamnye okanye inzwane ukuze ubuze ukuba ivakalelwa yinto eqhelekileyo okanye i-numb / tingling (ukulimala kwe-nerve yedijithali), kwaye khangela ukuba i-fingernail okanye i-toenail bed ijika i-pink ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana ye-2 emva kokuyicinezela (** i-capillary refill **).
• Qinisekisa kwiX-reyi yamanxeba eglasi enzulu: Abantu abaninzi ngempazamo bakholelwa ukuba iglasi ayibonakali kwiiX-reyi. Enyanisweni, uphando lwezonyango lwanamhlanje luqinisekisa ukuba ** phantse yonke i-architectural, i-automotive, kunye neglasi yebhotile (kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-lead content) i-radiopaque kwaye ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-standard plain X-rays ** ukuya kumaqhekeza amancinci njenge ** 1 ukuya kwi-2 millimeters **, ngelixa i-ultrasound inokubona amaqhekeza amancinci. Nakuphi na ukugqabhuka kweglasi enzulu okanye ukuqhekeka kweglasi apho iglasi yaphukileyo kufuneka i-X-reyi esibhedlele okanye ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo phambi kokuba kubekwe imithungo ukuze iglasi egciniweyo ingathungelwa ngaphakathi kwenxeba.

Ukhuseleko lweglasi yasekhaya kunye noluhlu lokuthintela ukuqhekeka¶

• Jonga zonke iingcango zepatio ezityibilikayo, iingcango zesiphango, kunye neefestile ezisezantsi zekona Isitampu soKhuseleko oluPhezulu: Hlola zonke iikona zone zocango olukhulu lweglasi kunye nefestile ekumgangatho osezantsi ye-ANSI Z97.1 / CPSC 16 CFR 1201 / EN 12150 uphawu lokhuseleko.
• Faka ifilimu yefestile eyi-4-mil ukuya kwi-8-mil ecacileyo yokhuseleko lolwakhiwo/yokhuseleko kwiingcango zeglasi ezingaguqukiyo kunye neetafile: Ukufaka ifilimu yokhuseleko encamathelayo encamathelayo eninzi yepolyester iguqula iglasi eyingozi efakwe kwiglasi elayitiweyo ebambe iingceba eziqhekekileyo kunye kwiphepha elinye kwimpembelelo.
• Beka izinto ezibonwayo zomgangatho wamehlo kwiingcango zepatio ezityibilikayo ezicocekileyo: Ncamathelisa izihombiso zokuhombisa, imicu ethe tye ekhenkcezayo, okanye i-UV yeentaka/iintsika zomntwana kuwo omabini inqanaba lamehlo abantu abadala (1.5 ukuya kwi-1.7 yeemitha / 5 ukuya ku-5.5 iinyawo) kunye nenqanaba leliso lomntwana/lesilwanyana sasekhaya (**0.3 iimitha enye * ukuya kwi-2) ucango olucwebezelayo lweglasi oluvaliweyo lomnyango ovulekileyo ngexesha lendibano engasemva kwendlu.
• Jonga iihenjisi zocango lweshawari engenafreyim, iibhampa, kunye nokutshayela umzantsi nyanga nenyanga: Qinisekisa ukuba ipaneli yeglasi ayityibilikanga kwiihenjisi ezibambayo ngoko ke umphetho wayo osezantsi ukhuhla iithayile ze-ceramic, buyisela imicu ye-vinyl bumper elahlekileyo, kwaye ungaze uxhome iibhathrobe ezimanzi ezinzima kumphetho ongentla wocango lweglasi olungenafreyimu.
• Ungaze uvumele abantwana ukuba bahlale, beme, okanye bangqiyame kwiglasi yekofu okanye iitafile zepatio: Neetafile zeglasi epholileyo zinokuqhekeka ukuba ubethwe emphethweni yimagi yeceramic enzima okanye ukuba iifreyimu zepatio yealuminiyam ezonakeleyo zijijeka phantsi kobunzima obungalinganiyo.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Ngaba ifestile eyaphukileyo, ishawari, okanye iglasi yetafile ibonakala kwi-X-reyi yesibhedlele eqhelekileyo ukuba iqhekeza lixingekile ngaphakathi kwenxeba?¶

Ewe. Yintsomi exhaphakileyo yokuba iglasi kufuneka iqulathe ilothe okanye iintsimbi ezinzima ukuze zibonakale kwiX-reyi. Ngenxa yokuba iglasi yefestile yolwakhiwo lwesoda-lime eqhelekileyo, iglasi yeshawa epholileyo, kunye neglasi yebhotile ecacileyo inoxinano oluphezulu kakhulu lomzimba kunezicubu ezithambileyo zabantu, ngaphezulu kwe-95 pesenti yamaqhekeza eglasi afakwe kwi-2 millimeters okanye ngaphezulu (kwaye uninzi lwamaqhekeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 millimeter) abonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-standard plain radiographs, kunye ne-high plain radiographs. Ngalo lonke ixesha wazisa ugqirha ongxamisekileyo ukuba ukusikwa kubangelwe kukuqhekeka kweglasi ukuze baodole iX-reyi yezicubu ezithambileyo phambi kokuvala inxeba.

Kutheni ndingasoze ndikhuphe iqhekeza elikhulu leglasi eyaphukileyo ephuma engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye entanyeni yomntu?¶

Xa intsimbi efana nentsimbi yeglasi ingena nzulu entanyeni, ethangeni, kwigroin, okanye engalweni, ihlala iqhekeza ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo ngomthambo omkhulu woxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye umthambo omkhulu, kodwa ubukhulu becala leglasi buhlala bubambene ngokuqinileyo ngaphakathi kwenxeba, ukucinezela inqanawa ekrazukileyo (tamponade). Ukuba utsala iglasi yeglasi ngaphandle ekhaya, imiphetho ebukhali-ebukhali iqhekeza imithambo-luvo kunye neenqanawa okwesibini xa usendleleni, kwaye umthambo ongatsalwanga uqalisa ngoko nangoko ukumpompa igazi kwizicubu ezinzulu okanye ngaphandle komzimba ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokulawula. Ngalo lonke ixesha shiya iglasi ebambeke ngokunzulu kwindawo ngokungqongqo, cinezela ulusu olujikeleze isiseko salo ukulawula ukopha, kwaye uyijikeleze de ugqirha wotyando wemithambo uyisuse kwigumbi lotyando.

Kutheni le nto iingcango zeshawari ezinomsindo ngamanye amaxesha ziqhuma ezinzulwini zobusuku kungekho mntu usegumbini lokuhlambela?¶

Iglasi yokhuseleko olubushushu obushushu yenziwe ngobunjineli kunye nomphezulu wayo ongaphandle uvaleleke kuxinezeleko oluphezulu kwaye umbindi wayo wangaphakathi ubanjwe phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu oluqhubekayo, njengomthombo obhijelwe ngokuqinileyo. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kweglasi edadayo, ubumdaka obuncinci be-nickel sulfide (NiS) ngamanye amaxesha bunokubanjiswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yoxinzelelo oluphakathi. Ngaphezulu kweenyanga okanye iminyaka yokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lokuhlambela, ukufakwa kwe-nickel sulfide ngokuthe ngcembe kungena utshintsho lwesigaba se-crystallographic esibangela ukuba i-particle encinci yande nge-2 ukuya kwi-4 ekhulwini; kanye ukuba ulwandiso lwangaphakathi luwele umda womaleko woxinzelelo oluphakathi, amandla agciniweyo anwebekayo ecwecwe leglasi yonke akhutshwa ngaxeshanye, aqhushumba ucango abe ngamawaka amaqhekeza ngaphandle kwempembelelo yangaphandle.

Ndingazikhupha njani iziqhekeza zeglasi ezingabonakaliyo eluswini lwam emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lweglasi ngaphandle kokulutyhala lunzulu?¶

Ungaze uhlikihle ulusu lwakho ngetawuli okanye ngelaphu lokuhlamba, elisebenza njengebhloko yesanti eqhuba i-spicules yeglasi encinci kwi-epidermis yakho. Endaweni yoko, qala uhlambe ulusu lwakho phantsi komsinga othambileyo, ophantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi adikidiki ngelixa ugcina izandla zakho eluswini ukuze uthuli olungaphezulu luhlambe umsele, emva koko uluyeke lome ngokupheleleyo ulusu lwakho. Nje ukuba ulusu lwakho lomile, thatha iqhekeza leteyiphu encamathelayo ebanzi, iteyiphu yokupakisha, okanye iphepha elincangathi elincangathi, ulicinezele kancinci kwindawo yolusu apho uziva ngemicu yeglasi enqabileyo, kwaye uyixovule ngqo phezulu; i-adhesive iya kutsala iinwele zeglasi eziphumayo ngokucocekileyo ngaphandle kwesikhumba esingaphezulu.

*Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngokulungela okungxamisekileyo kunye nolwazi lokuqala loncedo longquzulwano lweglasi yezakhiwo kunye neglasi enomsindo kwaye ayithathi indawo yokhathalelo lwezonyango okanye ulawulo lokopha kotyando. Cinga ngokuthatha uncedo lokuqala oluvunyiweyo, i-CPR, kunye ne-Stop the Bleed tourniquet course from the Red Cross, St John Ambulance, the American College of Surgeons, okanye umbutho wakho wokhuseleko welizwe.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Ukopha kakhulu kunye nesicelo se-tourniquet
• Ukubethelelwa kunye nokuzinziswa kwento yangaphandle
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kunye nokutshiza kweekhemikhali
• Into yangaphandle yamehlo, i-corneal abrasion, kunye ne-welding flash
• Ukusikwa, imikrwelo, kunye nokhathalelo lwenxeba olungephi
• Ukuqaphela ukothuka kunye nokubeka imeko kaxakeka

Imithombo ijongiwe¶

• IKomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi yaseU.S. (CPSC, eUnited States): uMgangatho woKhuseleko weMpahla yokuNgcamisa yoYilo (16 CFR iSigaba 1201) kunye neCPSC Isilumkiso soKhuseleko kuNcango oluPhulukileyo lweglasi yokuVuvuzwa ngokuzenzekela
• I-American College of Surgeons Committee kwi-Trauma (i-ACS COT, eUnited States): Misa i-Bleed Hemorrhage Control Guidelines for Extremity and Junctional Vascular Trauma
• UMlawuli wezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko (i-HSE, eUnited Kingdom): iMimiselo yeMpilo yaseMsebenzini, uKhuseleko kunye neNtlalontle (UMmiselo 14: uKhuseleko lokuKhawuleza kwiiNcango, iiGate, kunye neNqanaba eliPhambili leWindows / BS EN 12600)
• Umbutho waseMelika woTyando lweSandla (ASSH, eUnited States): UVavanyo lweVolar Wrist Lacerations ("Isandla seSpaghetti"), iFlexor Tendon Severance, kunye neRadiopacity yeGlass Foreign Bodies
• I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology (AAO, eUnited States): Ulawulo lwe-Penetrating Ocular Trauma kunye neCorneal Glass Foreign Bodies