Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweSillcock Freeze Freeze-Freeze: iHose Bib Rapture Ngaphakathi kweWall Cavity¶

Iisillcocks ezingenaqabaka, ezikwachongwe njengeebhayibhu zethumbu ezingangenwa yiqabaka, imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi eludongeni, okanye iitephu zangaphandle ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomkhenkce, zikhusela iindawo zokukhupha amanzi ngaphandle kwintshabalalo engaphantsi kwezero. Ngokungafaniyo neebhibbs zemibhobho yocinezelo endlela yevalve ehlala kumphezulu wodonga lwangaphandle, i-sillcock engenaqabaka ibeka isihlalo sayo sevalve yokuvala nzulu ngaphakathi kwimvulophu eshushu yobushushu besakhiwo. Ubhedu olude okanye umphanda wobhedu ophakathi kweemilimitha ezingama-200 kunye nama-350 eemilimitha (ii-intshi ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-14) udibanisa umqheba wokusebenza wangaphandle kwisitulo sevalvu yangaphakathi. Xa umqheba wespigot uvaliwe, amanzi ayavaleleka ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala enemeko, evumela amanzi ashiyekileyo ngaphakathi kombhobho ukuba akhuphele ngaphandle kumlomo ngomxhuzulane.

Ukungaphumeleli kwe-Thermal kwenzeka xa umhlali eshiya ithumbu legadi, iadaptha yokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza, i-multi-port splitter, okanye i-shutoff nozzle encanyathiselwe kwi-spigot yangaphandle ngexesha lobushushu obuqhaqhazelisayo basebusika. Isifakeli esincanyathiselweyo senza isitywina esivaliweyo se-hydraulic esithintela amanzi ukuba angaphumi kumbhobho we-sillcock oxwesileyo. Xa amaqondo obushushu emozulu esihla ngaphantsi kwe-0 degrees celcius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), umkhenkce uye wenzeka kumlomo ovelileyo ongaphandle kwaye uye phambili ngaphakathi ecaleni kombhobho. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi elulwelo esanda malunga ne-9 ekhulwini xa ebanda abe ngumkhenkce oyikristale, amanzi avaleleke phakathi kweplagi yomkhenkce ehamba phambili kunye nesitulo sevalvu esingaphakathi esivaliweyo afakwa phantsi kogcino lwe-hydrostatic, eqhuba uxinzelelo lwehydraulic ngaphezulu kwama-280,000 kilopascals (40,000 pounds per square inch).

Olu xinzelelo lugqithileyo lwe-hydrostatic lugqithisa amandla emveliso ye-tensile yobhedu okanye ibhere yobhedu, ivelisa i-longitudinal seam esahlulwe ecaleni komzimba wombhobho ngaphakathi kwifreyim yodonga olufihliweyo. Ubume obuyintlekele boku kusilela bukwingxaki yokunyibilika kwentwasahlobo: umbhobho oqhekezayo awuvuzi ebusika ngelixa itephu ihlala ivaliwe, ngenxa yokuba isitulo sevalvu yangaphakathi sihlala sivaliwe emva kokugqabhuka. Unxunguphalo lwenzeka kwiinyanga kamva ngosuku lokuqala olushushu lwentwasahlobo xa umninimzi evula i-spigot yangaphandle. Amanzi kamasipala adlula kwisitulo sevalvu, ekhupha iilitha ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-60 (iilitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-16) ngomzuzu ngokuthe ngqo kumngxuma wodonga olungaphakathi, ukugquma okugqumayo, iziqobo ezibolileyo, kunye nezikhukula ezigqityiweyo kumagumbi angaphantsi ngaphandle kokubonisa nophawu olungaphandle lwengxaki kwingca engaphandle.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. Jika umqheba wokusebenza we-sillcock wangaphandle ngokwewotshi de uvaleke ngokupheleleyo ukunqanda ukugxalathelana kwamanzi ukudlula isitulo esingaphakathi sevalvu ukuya kumngxuma wodonga.
2. Ukuba amanzi aqhubeleka nokuqukuqela ngenxa yesikhondo sevalve enomkhenkce okanye echetyiweyo, baleka uye kwivalve yangaphakathi yokuvalwa okanye ivalve yamanzi yendlu enkulu uze uyivale ngoko nangoko.
3. Fikelela kudonga lwangaphakathi okanye indawo yesilingi ngokuthe ngqo ngasemva kwetephu yangaphandle, njengendawo yesilingi esezantsi, ikhabhathi esetyenziswayo, okanye indawo yokukhwela.
4. Ukuphelisa amandla iisekethe zombane ezinikezela ngomngxuma wodonga olumanzi kwindawo yombane engundoqo ukuphelisa iingozi zomothuko kwiintambo ezigcwele amanzi.
5. Beka ii-emele zokuqokelela ngaphantsi kwe-plailing drywall okanye i-floor joists, ukubhoboza amadyungudyungu amadyungudyungu ukuze ukhulule ubunzima bamanzi avalelweyo.
6. Vula iitephu zangaphakathi zomgangatho ophantsi ukucinezela umgca wemibhobho yamanzi kunye nokukhupha amanzi ashiyekileyo kude nombhobho oqhekezayo.
7. Sika ifestile yokuhlola i-drywall enomlinganiselo wama-300 eemilimitha ngama-300 eemilimitha (i-intshi ezili-12 nge-intshi ezili-12) ngaphantsi kombhobho ongaphakathi baleka ukuveza umphanda we-sillcock ogqabhukileyo ukuze womiswe kwaye utshintshwe.

flowchart TD
    A["IFaucethi yangaphandle ivuliwe eNtwasahlobo"] --> B{"Ngaba Amanzi Ahamba Ngokubuthathaka okanye Avakala Njengokungxola Edongeni?"}
    B -- "Ewe" --> C["Ngoko nangoko Vala Umphandle weFaucet Handle"]
    B -- "Hayi" --> D["Yenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwebhontsi kwi-Spigot Nozzle"]
    D --> E{"Ingaba ubhontsi unokuyekisa ukuHamba kwamanzi ngokugqibeleleyo?"}
    E -- "Ewe" --> F["Ukuchonga umgqomo weLongitudinal uCalulwe Ngaphakathi kweWall Cavity"]
    E -- "Hayi" --> G["I-Sillcock Barrel I-Intact kunye ne-Holding Line Pressure"]
    F --> C
    C --> H["Fumana iValve eZinikezelweyo yaNgaphakathi yokuBekwa yodwa okanye i-Main Shutoff"]
    H --> I["Ubonelelo lwaManzi lodwa kunye noxinzelelo lweNtsalela yokuBopha"]
    I --> J["De-Energize Electrical Circuits in Affected Wall Cavity"]
    J --> K["Vula i-Wall Cavity ukusuka Ngaphakathi ukuze uhlole i-Copper Barrel"]
    K --> L["Khipha i-Saturated Insulation kwaye uhambise iiFani zokomisa"]
    L --> M["I-Unthread okanye Sika i-Sillcock eNcinciweyo kwaye ufake iYunithi eNtsha nge-Downward Pitch"]

I-Anatomy kunye nobuchwephesha beevalvu ze-sillcock ezingenaqabaka¶

Ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lobunjineli bemibhobho yamanzi eludongeni engenaqabaka icacisa ukuba kutheni ukwahlulwa kwamanzi kusilela xa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuthintelwe. I-sillcock eqhelekileyo engenaqabaka ibandakanya iindibano ezininzi zoomatshini ezichanekileyo ezigubungela uphahla lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo, umngxuma ongaphandle wodonga, kunye negumbi elingaphakathi elinomgangatho.

Umzimba wevalvu wangaphandle ubandakanya ubhedu olunzima okanye ubhedu oludityanisiweyo olubandakanya isiphatho sokusebenza, i-nut yokupakisha, i-flange ekhwelayo, intambo yombhobho, kunye ne-vacuum breaker edibeneyo ye-atmospheric. I-flange exhomayo ibandakanya imingxuma eskroliweyo esele igrunjiwe ngaphambili ukukhusela iyunithi ngokuchasene necala langaphandle okanye i-masonry, kunye ne-engile yokuphosela ezantsi yepitshi enyanzela umphanda wangaphakathi ukuba uthambekele emhlabeni xa ufakwe kudonga oluthe nkqo.

Ukongezwa ngaphakathi kumzimba wangaphandle lubhedu oluqinileyo okanye ityhubhu yombhobho yobhedu, eveliswa ngokwegeji enzima yohlobo L lobhedu okanye ialloy yobhedu ebomvu. Ubude bebhareli benziwa ngokunyuswa okusemgangathweni kwe-100, 150, 200, 250, 300, kunye ne-350 millimeters (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, kunye ne-14 intshi). Ubude bombhobho obukhethiweyo kufuneka buhambelane nobukhulu bodonga bubonke, kubandakanywa ukugquma kwangaphandle, ukucheba, i-2x4 okanye i-2x6 yokufaka amaplanga, i-drywall yangaphakathi, kunye nobude obaneleyo bokubeka isihlalo sevalve ubuncinane kwiimilimitha ezingama-50 (ii-intshi ezi-2) ngaphakathi kwenqwelomoya eshushu yangaphakathi.

Ngaphakathi komgqomo wobhedu uhlala kwisiqu esisebenzayo, ubhedu oluqinileyo okanye intonga yentsimbi ecwecwe exhotywe ngesiphelo esidibeneyo esidibana nesiphatho sangaphandle. Kwisiphelo sangaphakathi esichaseneyo, isikhondo siyayeka kwisigcini sewasha sobhedu esifakelwe iwasha enzima ye-elastomeric bibb. Xa umsebenzisi ejikelezisa isiphatho sangaphandle ngokwewotshi, imisonto yesikhondo ihamba phambili kwimisonto yobhedu yangaphakathi, iqhuba iwasha yerabha yebhibhi kwisitulo sobhedu esinyusiweyo esikwindawo yokungena ngaphakathi. Indawo yokungena ifaka udibaniso oludityanisiweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-12.7-millimeter (0.5-intshi) yemisonto yentsimbi yombhobho yentsimbi eyindoda ngaphandle kunye ne-12.7-millimeter ye-12.7-millimeter yekomityi yobhedu ye-solder yasetyhini ngaphakathi, okanye ibarb ye-PEX ekhutshiwe kwifektri.

Iisillcocks zanamhlanje zibandakanya isixhobo sokuthintela ukuphuma ngasemva, esichongwe njenge-vacuum breaker emoyeni (i-anti-siphon cap), ebekwe phezu kombhobho wangaphandle wokuphosa. Xa amanzi eqhubela phambili phantsi koxinzelelo, idiski yeplastiki edadayo ekhaphukhaphu iphakamisa ngokuchasene ne-EPDM diaphragm eguquguqukayo, itywine imingxuma yokuphuma emoyeni kwaye iqondise amanzi ngombhobho wombhobho. Xa uxinzelelo lomgca lwehla ukuya kwi-zero, i-disc ye-float ihla nge-gravity, ivula imingxuma ye-vent kwi-atmosphere ukuze iphule nayiphi na i-vacuum ye-siphonage kwaye ivumele amanzi ngaphakathi kwe-sillcock barrel ukuba ikhuphe ngokukhululekileyo.

I-Physics ye-frize ruptures: ukuvalelwa kwe-hydraulic kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hoop¶

Ukutshatyalaliswa ngomatshini kwe-sillcock engenaqabaka akwenzeki ekutyhaleni komkhenkce ngokusasazeka kwiindonga zemibhobho njengombhobho oqinileyo. Ubuxhakaxhaka bokuqhekeka komkhenkce buqhutywa luxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwehydraulic kumanzi alulwelo avalelweyo, alawulwa yimigaqo ye-thermodynamic yotshintsho lwesigaba kunye nobuchwephesha bezinto.

Xa amanzi elulwelo ephola ukuya ku-0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) kwaye etshintshela kwihexagonal crystalline ice, umthamo wayo othile uyanda ukusuka kwi-1.000 cubic centimeters ngegram ukuya kwi-1.090 cubic centimeters ngegram, ukwanda okumalunga ne-9.0 ekhulwini. Kwinkqubo yemibhobho evulekileyo, olu lwandiso lomthamo lutyhala amanzi alulwelo ngasemva ngokungenabungozi kwimibhobho yokuhambisa kamasipala okanye iitanki zokwandisa ngaphandle kokunyusa uxinzelelo lwentambo.

Xa umbhobho wegadi uhlala uncanyatheliswe kwi-spigot yangaphandle, amanzi avaleleke ngaphakathi kumbhobho oxwesileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukujulwa kombhobho wangaphandle kutyhileke kwimimoya ejikeleze yasebusika, amanzi angaphakathi kwi-nozzle kunye nesiphelo esingaphandle sombhobho siqala sibe ngumkhenkce, sidala iplagi yomkhenkce eqinileyo engangenekiyo. Ngeli xesha, isitulo sevalvu yangaphakathi sihlala sivaliwe, sisenza igumbi le-hydraulic elitywiniweyo phakathi kweplagi yomkhenkce ekhulayo kunye nesitulo sangasemva.

Njengoko amaqondo obushushu abandayo eqhubeka ngaphakathi ecaleni komphanda wobhedu, amanzi angakumbi aba ngumkhenkce, esanda nge-9 ekhulwini. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi elulwelo olungenakuthintelwa, oku kwandiswa komthamo kuvelisa uxinzelelo olumandla lwe-hydrostatic ngaphakathi kwepokotho enciphayo yamanzi elulwelo oluvalelekileyo. Ngokophando lwelabhoratri olwenziwa yi-American Water Works Association kunye nolwakhiwo lweelebhu zovavanyo lwenzululwazi, uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphakathi kumbhobho wokukhenkceza obanjiweyo lunyuka ngokukhawuleza, lugqithise kwi-280,000 kilopascals (40,000 pounds per square intshi).

Uxinzelelo lomatshini olwenziwe eludongeni lombhobho wecylindrical lubonakaliswa yiBarlow hoop stress equation: sigma = (P * D) / (2 * t). Kule fomula, i-sigma imele uxinzelelo lwe-hoop ejikelezileyo kwi-megapascals, i-P imele uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-hydrostatic kwi-megapascals, i-D imele i-diameter yangaphandle yombhobho (i-15.9 millimeters / 0.625 intshi ye-0.5-intshi ye-tube ebizwa ngokuba yi-intshi), kwaye i-t imele udonga lombhobho / ubukhulu be-milli401.

Xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lufikelela kuma-70,000 kilopascals (10,150 yeeponti nge-intshi nganye yesikwere), uxinzelelo lwehupula olujikelezileyo ludlula i-550 megapascals (79,800 yeeponti nge-intshi nganye yesikwere), ukodlula awona mandla okuqina obhedu olufakwe emanzini. Umphanda wobhedu uqalisa ukugqwetheka ngokweplastiki, ubhitye ngakwiikhozo zawo ezinde de intsimbi ikrazuke ivuleke kumthungo ojijekileyo omalunga neemilimitha ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-75 ubude. Emva kokuba udonga lombhobho lugqabhukile, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyehla, kwaye amanzi aseleyo avaleleke abe ngumkhenkce, avale ukukrazuka okujijekileyo ngesiqwenga somkhenkce esifihla umonakalo wesakhiwo kude kube yintlakohlaza.

Ingxaki yokunyibilika kwentwasahlobo: uvavanyo lokuxilonga kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuvuza¶

Ingozi ephambili ye-sillcock eqhekezayo ye-frost-free kukuba abanini bepropati abazi ukuba umbhobho uqhekezekile de kubekho umonakalo omkhulu wamanzi wangaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuba isihlalo sevalve sibekwe phezulu kombhobho, i-faucet ingahlala ingaphazamiseki iinyanga ngexesha lentwasahlobo ngaphandle kokuvuza. Ngelixa isiphatho sangaphandle sijikwa sichasana newotshi, amanzi acinezelekileyo aqukuqela ngaphaya kwesitulo sevalvu ukuya kumbhobho, ebaleka ngokwahlukana kwelongitudinal ngqo kumngxuma wodonga.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lobhontsi lwangaphandle¶

Phambi kokuba usebenzise impompo yangaphandle okokuqala entlakohlaza, okanye nanini na xa umbhobho ushiywe ngempazamo uqhagamshelwe ngexesha lomkhenkce wasebusika, yenza uvavanyo loxilongo loxinizelelo lwebhontsi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komphanda.

Susa zonke ii-hoses, i-splitters, kunye nezinamathiselo kwi-nozzle ye-faucet, ushiye imicu yobhedu ingenanto ngokupheleleyo. Jika isiphatho setempe ngokunxamnye newotshi malunga nejiko elinye elipheleleyo ukuqalisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Beka ubhontsi wakho ngokuqinileyo phezu kwesetyhula yokuvula umlomo wombhobho, ucinezela ngamandla amakhulu ukutywina ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba i-sillcock barrel ilungile, uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo lukamasipala lwe-400 kilopascals (iipounds ezingama-58 nge-intshi nganye yesikwere) luya kwenza amandla anamandla kubhontsi wakho, okwenza kube nzima ukubamba itywina ngaphezu kwemizuzwana embalwa, ngokutshiza ngamanzi ngobudlova kudlule isikhumba sakho. Ukuba umgqomo we-sillcock wahlulwe ngaphakathi kodonga, uya kukwazi ukubamba ubhontsi wakho phezu komlomo ngaphandle kokuchasana, ukumisa ukuphuma kwamanzi kwi-spigot ngokupheleleyo. Amanzi athatha eyona ndlela incinci yokuxhathisa, ephambukisa kude kubhontsi wakho kwaye atshize aphume kumbhobho oqhekezayo ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhelo sodonga lwangaphakathi.

Ukuba unokumisa ngokulula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngobhontsi wakho, vala isiphatho setephu ngokukhawuleza. Mamela ngokusondeleyo kwicala langaphandle: ukuba uva isandi esivakalayo okanye isandi esikhawulezayo emva kodonga oluyekayo xa isiphatho sivaliwe, i-sillcock barrel iyahlukana kwaye ikhukula ngokusebenzayo kwimvulophu yesakhiwo.

Isiqulatho esingaphakathi kwangoko kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi¶

Xa i-sillcock eqhekezayo iqinisekisiwe, ukumisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwi-framing eludongeni kufuna ukwahlula i-plumbing run ethile. Ngenxa yokuba ukuvuza kwenzeka phakathi kwesitulo sevalvu yangaphakathi kunye nombhobho wangaphandle, ukuvala umqheba wangaphandle kumisa isitshizi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umonakalo owenziwe ngumkhenkce uphinde ugqwethe isihlalo sevalve yangaphakathi okanye ukhulule imicu ye-stem, ukuvala isiphatho akuyi kumisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.

Fumana ivalve ezinikeleyo yokuvala ngaphakathi ebonelela ngespigot yangaphandle. Kwizakhiwo ezinemibhobho yamanzi ngokufanelekileyo, iikhowudi zokwakha zigunyazisa ivalve yokuvala efikelelekayo ebekwe ngaphakathi kwendawo eshushu ukuze yahlule ithumbu ngalinye lombhobho wangaphandle. Landela umbhobho ngasemva ukusuka kwindawo apho i-sillcock ingena kudonga lwangaphakathi. Khangela ivalve yebhola yobhedu okanye ivalve yokumisa kunye nenkunkuma ebekwe kwindawo edityanisiweyo yesilingi engaphantsi, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufikelela kwi-crawlspace, okanye emva kwephaneli yokufikelela eludongeni lweplastiki kwigumbi eligqityiweyo.

Jikelezisa isiphatho sevalve yebhola yangaphakathi ngama-90 degrees de perpendicular to the pipe, okanye ujike i-stop-and-waste handwheel ngasekunene de iqine. Ukuba ivalve yangaphakathi sisivalo sokumisa kunye nenkunkuma, beka ibhakethi encinci ngokuthe ngqo phantsi komnqwazi omncinci onomsonto okwicala lomzimba wevalvu. Khulula ikepusi yokopha eknurled ngasekhohlo ukukhupha onke amanzi ashiyekileyo avaleleke kumbhobho ohamba phakathi kwevalve yangaphakathi kunye nesillcock. Ukuba amanzi aqhubeleka nokuqukuqela ngokuthe chu ukusuka kwizibuko lokopha elivulekileyo ngaphandle kokumisa, ivalve yangaphakathi yokuvala iye yasilela ngaphakathi, ifuna ukubekwa yodwa ngokukhawuleza kwivalve yamanzi engundoqo yendlu yonke.

Ukuba akukho ivelufa ezinikeleyo yokuvala ngaphakathi ekhoyo, vala isivalo senkonzo yamanzi kwindlu yonke ngoko nangoko. Vula itephu yamanzi abandayo engaphakathi kumphakamo osezantsi ukukhupha uxinzelelo lomgca kude nendibano yodonga lwangaphandle. Musa ukubuyisela amanzi endlu yonke de kube i-sillcock eqhekekileyo ibekwe yodwa usebenzisa ivalve yokuvala engaphakathi, i-push-fit end cap, okanye iyunithi yokutshintsha epheleleyo.

Ukutsalwa kwamanzi odongeni kunye neeprothokholi zokomisa ngokwesakhiwo¶

Amanzi akhutshelwe kumngxuma wodonga ongaphandle abangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iindibano zodonga lwangaphandle zine-kraft-faced fiberglass batt insulation, uboya beminerali, okanye i-cellulose evuthelweyo, ejikelezwe ngamaplanga odonga, ibhodi ehonjiswe ngestrand (OSB) sheathing, kunye negypsum yangaphakathi drywall. Yakuba igcwele, ukugquma okumanzi kuyehla kujonge ezantsi ngaphakathi kwindonga yodonga, kubambe amanzi ngaphaya kwepleyiti yodonga olusezantsi kunye nokudala imekobume yokungunda kobukoloniyali kwiiyure ezingama-48.

Ukufikelela kumngxuma wodonga olukhukulayo¶

Ukulungisa umngxuma wodonga kufuna ukudala imivulo yokufikelela ngaphakathi. Ungaze uzame ukomisa umngxuma ogcweleyo wodonga kwimingxuma emincinci yokomba, njengoko i-fiberglass evalelekileyo ayizukoma endaweni kwaye iya kubolisa isakhelo sesakhiwo.

Fumana indawo yangaphakathi ye-drywall ngqo ngasemva nangaphantsi kwendawo ye-spigot yangaphandle. Sebenzisa imitha yokufuma engonakalisiyo engonakalisiyo ukwenza imephu yemida ethe nkqo nethe tyaba yokufuduka kokufuma ngaphaya kodonga olomileyo. Phawula iperimeter emanzi eludongeni ngepensile, wongeza umda we-150-millimeter (6-intshi) ye-drywall eyomileyo ngaphaya kwendawo efumileyo.

Cwangcisa ubunzulu bokusika besixhobo esixubeneyo okanye isarha ye-drywall ukuya ngqo kwi-12.7 millimeters (0.5 intshi) ukunqanda ukusika iintambo zombane zeRomex ezifihliweyo, imigca yokubonelela ngemibhobho, okanye imibhobho yeplastiki yokukhupha inkunkuma ngaphakathi eludongeni. Sika indawo ecocekileyo yokuhlola uxande enomlinganiselo ubuncinane wama-300 eemilimitha ububanzi ngama-600 eemilimitha ukuphakama (i-intshi ezili-12 ububanzi nee-intshi ezingama-24 ukuphakama) ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kombhobho we-sillcock wokungena. Gcina iphaneli ye-drywall eyomisiweyo ukuze usebenze njenge template yesiqwenga ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kodonga lwamva.

Finyelela kumngxuma wodonga ovuliweyo unxibe iiglavu zenitrile ezinzima kunye nesiphefumlo esiqinisekisiweyo esingu-N95 okanye i-P100. Bamba amalulwane agcweleyo wokugquma kwaye uwatsale aphele kwi-stud bay, ubeke imathiriyeli ethontsizayo ngokukhawuleza kwiingxowa zokucoca zekontraka eziyi-6-mil ze-polyethylene. Amalulwane e-fiberglass egcweleyo aphulukana ne-loft yawo yomatshini kunye ne-binder resins, ezenza ukuba zingakwazi ukubuyisela kwixabiso lazo elilinganisiweyo le-R; lahla ukugquma okumanzi ngokusisigxina. Ukugqunyelelwa kweselulosi egcweleyo kufuneka kucolwe okanye kucolwe ngokupheleleyo ukuya kutsho kwipleyiti esezantsi.

Iithagethi zokomisa nge-Psychrometric kunye nokuqulunqa¶

Ukomisa ngokucokisekileyo kwisakhiwo kufuna ukuhamba komoya ngoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukufuma. Sebenzisa isilinganisi-manzi sokunyakama sohlobo lwepin esine-probes eludongeni olugqunyiweyo ukulinganisa umthamo wokufuma (MC) we-OSB sheathing yangaphandle, i-structural 2x4 okanye 2x6 yodonga, kunye nepleyiti yodwa esezantsi. Amaplanga angaphakathi angachaphazelekanga abhalisa phakathi kwe-8 kunye ne-12 lepesenti yokufuma. Ifreyim eyomileyo ikholisa ukogqitha i-30 yepesenti yokufuma, emele ukugcwala kwefiber apho amanzi elulwelo ehlala kwimingxuma yeeseli zeplanga.

Misa i-centrifugal yeshishini okanye i-axial air movever ngqo phambi kwendawo yokuvula i-drywall, ukujingisa umlomo womlomo ukuya phezulu nge-engile ye-45-degree ukuvuthela umoya onesantya esiphezulu kwi-stud cavity. Beka indawo yokukhupha amanzi kwimizi-mveliso ye-Low-Grain Refrigerant (LGR) embindini wegumbi ukutsala umphunga wokufuma ophuma emoyeni. Gcina amaqondo obushushu egumbi aphakathi kwama-21 ngokukaCelsius kunye nama-27 ngokukaCelsius (ama-70 ngokukaFahrenheit nama-80 ngokukaFahrenheit) ukukhawulezisa amazinga okumka kwamanzi kumaplanga akhiweyo.

Qhubeka ukoma ngoomatshini de onke amaplanga okusakhelo, iipleyiti ezisezantsi, kunye nesheathing yangaphandle yehle ngaphantsi kwe-15 lepesenti yokufuma, kujoliswe kuko nge-12 lepesenti. Musa ukufaka isigqubuthelo esitsha okanye uvale i-drywall ngelixa isiqulatho sokunyakama komthi singaphezu kwe-16 pesenti, njengoko ukutywinwa kokufuma okuvaleleke ngaphakathi kumngxuma wodonga wangaphandle kukhokelela ekuboleni komngundo ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokungunda okumnyama (Stachybotrys chartarum) ukuqhambuka.

Iiprothokholi zokutshintshwa kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona kwii-sillcocks ezingenaqabaka¶

Ukususa i-sillcock egqabhukileyo engenaqabaka kunye nokufakela i-engineer replacement kufuna umlinganiselo ngocoselelo, ukulungiswa kombhobho odibeneyo, kunye nejometri yokukhupha amanzi ukuthintela ukwahlulwa komkhenkce kwixesha elizayo.

Ubungakanani kunye nokukhethwa kobude bebhere¶

Ukukhetha ubude obuchanekileyo bombhobho kuyafuneka ukukhusela umkhenkce. Ukulinganisa ubungqingqwa bodonga obuchanekileyo ukusuka kumphezulu ogqunyiweyo wangaphandle ukuya kubuso bangaphakathi bodonga, kwaye wongeze ubukhulu bayo nayiphi na imingxunya yodonga lwangaphakathi okanye ukusilela kokudityaniswa komgangatho. Umgqomo we-sillcock kufuneka ube mde ngokwaneleyo ukuze ubeke isitulo sevalve yangaphakathi ubuncinci iimilimitha ezingama-50 (ii-intshi ezi-2) ngaphakathi kwendawo eshushu, enemeko yesakhiwo.

Ukuba i-200-millimeter (8-intshi) i-sillcock yayifakelwe ngaphambili kudonga olu-2x6 kunye ne-veneer yesitena eshinyeneyo yangaphandle, isitulo sevalvu sisenokuba siphumle ngaphakathi kumngxuma ongaphandle wodonga lwangaphandle apho amaqondo obushushu ebusika ehla ngaphantsi kweqondo lomkhenkce. Kulo mzekelo, phucula ukuya kwimodeli ye-250-millimeter okanye 300-millimeter (i-intshi ezili-10 okanye i-intshi ezili-12) ukuze isitulo sevalvu singene ngepleyiti ye-sill ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi oshushu okanye umthamo we-crawlspace.

Ukuseka indawo echanekileyo yokuhambisa amanzi ezantsi¶

Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo yokufakela ebangela ukusilela kwe-sillcock engenaqabaka kukuphosa ivalve ngasemva ngangaphakathi endlwini. Xa i-sillcock ibuyela ngasemva, amanzi angaphakathi kwi-barrel akakwazi ukukhupha ngaphandle komxhuzulane xa isibambo sangaphandle sivaliwe. Amanzi avalelweyo ahlala ngaphakathi kwityhubhu nangona umbhobho wegadi unqanyuliwe, uqina umkhenkce kwaye uhlukanise umbhobho ngexesha lomkhenkce wokuqala wasebusika.

Iikhowudi zemibhobho yamanzi zigunyazisa ukuba kufakwe iisillcock ezingenaqabaka ezinepitch eqhubekayo ehlayo ukuya kumphandle ubuncinane oziimilimitha ezi-6 ngeemilimitha ezingama-300 (0.25 intshi ngenyawo). Uninzi lweesillcock ezisemgangathweni zibandakanya iflenge yangaphandle emile okwe wedge ethi imisele ngokuzenzekelayo le pitch ijonge ezantsi xa inyuswe ngokugungxula ngokuchasene necala elithe nkqo langaphandle.

Ukuba udonga lwangaphandle lufakwe i-engile, njenge-horizontal lap siding okanye i-beveled cedar shakes, kufuneka ufake i-beveled ibloko yokuxhoma emva kweflange ye-sillcock. Bhala kwaye usike ibloko yokuxhoma eyenziwe ngomthi okanye ehlanganisiweyo ukuchasana ne-engile ye-lap siding, ebonisa i-plumb, ubuso obujingayo obumcaba obuqinisekisa ukuthambeka kombhobho we-sillcock ukuya kwingca. Khusela i-flange yangaphandle kwifreyim yodonga lwesakhiwo usebenzisa ezimbini iimilimitha ezingama-50 (ii-intshi ezi-2) #10 izikrufu zentsimbi engenasici.

Iindlela zokuqhagamshela umbhobho: intambo, i-solder, kunye ne-push-fit¶

Iisillcocks ezingenaqabaka zibandakanya uqhagamshelo oluhlukeneyo lokungena kwiqabane kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa yasekhaya ekhoyo:

1. Uqhagamshelo oluneMisonto: Isiphelo sangaphakathi se-sillcock sinemisonto eyi-12.7-millimeter (0.5-intshi) yemisonto yentsimbi yombhobho yentsimbi. Songa imisonto eyindoda ngezisongelo ezintlanu ezigcweleyo zoxinaniso oluphezulu lwe-PTFE iteyiphu yokutywina kwaye usebenzise umaleko obhityileyo wombhobho wokudibanisa ikhompawundi. Tyala i-sillcock kwingqiniba yobhedu ephothiweyo okanye yobhedu egcinwe eludongeni. Sebenzisa izitshixo ezibini xa uqinisa: esinye isikrufu kwi-sillcock hex flats kunye ne-backup wrench kwi-female fitting ukukhusela ukujija umbhobho wangaphakathi.
2. Ii-Soldered Copper Connections: Xa u-soldered inlet ye-sillcock, kufuneka uyisuse ngokupheleleyo indibano ye-stem yokusebenza yangaphakathi ngaphambi kokufaka ubushushu ngetotshi. Ubushushu obuvela kwi-propane okanye itotshi yegesi ye-MAPP eqhutyelwe phantsi komphanda bunyibilikisa iwasha yerabha yerabha, isusa i-O-rings yangaphakathi, kwaye iyonakalisa ivalve yokujonga iplastiki. Khulula i-nut yokupakisha yangaphandle, ungayifundi i-stem assembly, kwaye uyikhuphe ngokupheleleyo kumbhobho ngaphambi kokuba udibanise i-inlet joint. Emva kokuba i-joint ipholile ngokupheleleyo, phinda ufake i-stem assembly kwaye uqinise i-nut yokupakisha.
3. Ukutyhala-uku-UkuQhagamshela uQhagamshelwano: Ufakelo olukhawulezayo, olungenatotshi, khetha i-sillcock ene-push-fit inlet edityanisiweyo edityaniswe nomzi-mveliso okanye i-solder isiphakamisi esifutshane sobhedu sobhedu esifakelwe i-ASSE 1061-certified push-fit coupling. Coca kwaye ugxothe ubhedu olungenayo, i-CPVC, okanye i-PEX umbhobho, phawula ubunzulu bokufaka, kwaye utyhale into efanelekileyo de uhlale kwindawo yokumisa oomatshini.

Iikhowudi zemibhobho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lomkhenkce¶

Iikhowudi zemibhobho ziseka imigangatho engqongqo yobuchwephesha elawula uqhagamshelo lombhobho wangaphandle, ukhuseleko lokubuyela umva, kunye nothintelo lomkhenkce ukukhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nepropathi yolwakhiwo.

EUnited States: IKhowudi yeMibhobho yeHlabathi (i-IPC) kunye neKhowudi yokuHlala yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IRC)¶

Phantsi kweKhowudi yeMibhobho yeHlabathi (i-IPC) kunye neKhowudi yokuHlala yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IRC): - I-IPC iCandelo 305.4 ligunyazisa ukuba imibhobho yamanzi kwiindonga zangaphandle iya kukhuselwa ekubeni ngumkhenkce, ifuna iindawo zokukhupha amanzi ezingaphandle ukuba zibeyilwe ngendlela ethintela iqabaka kwiimozulu ezibandayo. - IPC Icandelo 608.16.4.2 lifuna ukudityaniswa kombhobho ukuba kukhuselwe ngokuchasene ne-back-siphonage yi-vacuum breaker ye-atmospheric ehambelana ne-ASSE 1019 okanye i-ASSE 1052. - ICandelo le-IRC P2903.9.5 ligunyazisa ukuba i-sillcock nganye yangaphandle ibe nevalve yangaphakathi yokuvala efakwe i-drain port yokukhupha amanzi ebusika. - I-Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) Icandelo 603.5.7 ngokufanayo lifuna i-hydrants eludongeni lwe-hydrant kunye ne-self-draining vacuum breakers.

EKhanada: IKhowudi yeSizwe yeMibhobho yaseKhanada (NPC)¶

Phantsi kweKhowudi yeMibhobho yeSizwe yaseKhanada (NPC): - I-NPC Icandelo 2.6.2.1 ligunyazisa ukuba yonke imibhobho yamanzi kunye nezifakelo ezifakelwe kwiindawo eziphantsi komkhenkce ziya kukhuselwa kumonakalo weqabaka ngobunzulu obaneleyo bokungcwatywa, ukugqunywa kwe-thermal, okanye ukufakelwa ngaphakathi kwimvulophu eshushu yangaphakathi. - I-NPC iCandelo 2.6.2.7 lifuna ukhuseleko lokubuyela umva kwithumbu ngalinye nakwindawo yokuphuma amanzi yangaphandle, izixhobo ezigunyazisayo ezihambelana ne-CSA B64.2 (I-Vacuum Breakers) okanye i-CSA B64.2.1 (I-Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers ene-Dual Check). - Imithetho yedolophu yaseKhanada yemibhobho yamanzi iyalela ngokungqongqo ukuba zonke iisillcocks zangaphandle ezifakwe kwindawo yokuhlala yosapho olunye kunye neentsapho ezininzi maziqinisekiswe iimodeli ezinobungqina beqabaka ezinezixhobo zokuthintela ukuqukuqela ngasemva kokudibana nemigangatho yeCSA B125.

I-United Kingdom: iMimiselo yoBonelelo lwaManzi 1999¶

E-United Kingdom, iimpompo zebhibhi zegadi yangaphandle zilawulwa phantsi koBonelelo lwaManzi (IiFittings zaManzi) Regulations 1999: - IShedyuli yesi-2 iCandelo le-15 ligunyazisa ukuba izifakelo zamanzi zangaphandle zikhuselwe ekubandeni kusetyenziswa ivelufa yangaphakathi ebonelela ngenkonzo yangaphakathi enempompo edityanisiweyo yokuhambisa amanzi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. - I-British Standard BS 1010-2 ichaza iimfuno zeepompo zangaphandle, ezifuna i-valve yokujonga kabini kumbhobho wokubonelela ukukhusela ukubuyisela umva wamanzi angenakuselwa kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya. - Iziphathamandla zamanzi zicebisa ukuba iimpompo zangaphandle zibekwe zodwa kwaye zikhutshwe ngamanzi ngokusetyenziswa kwestopcock yangaphakathi phambi kwamaqondo obushushu asebusika angaphantsi kweqanda.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Ukuba ndikhulule umbhobho wegadi ebusika, ingaba i-sillcock engenaqabaka isenokwahlulwa?¶

Ewe, i-sillcock engenaqabaka isenokwahlulwa nokuba ithumbu lisusiwe ukuba ivelufa ifakelwe ithambeka elingasemva ukuya ngangaphakathi kwekhaya, lithintela amanzi ashiyekileyo ukuba aphume ngomxhuzulane. Ukongeza, ukushiya uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo lokuqhagamshelwa kobhedu, ithumbu eliqhekezayo, izibali-xesha zeplastiki, okanye iibhegi zokuhombisa eziqinileyo ngaphezulu kwespigot zibamba amanzi angamalwelo ngaphakathi kumbhobho othe tye, ukuthintela umoya womoya ukuba ungangeni ngeqhekeza le-vacuum kwaye ubangele ukwahlulwa okufanayo komkhenkce wehydraulic.

Ngaba ndingawulungisa umphanda wobhedu ocandiweyo kwi-sillcock ene-solder okanye iteyiphu engangeni manzi?¶

Hayi, awukwazi ukulungisa i-longitudinal freeze split kwi-barrel ye-sillcock usebenzisa i-solder, i-epoxy putty, i-silicone tape, okanye i-sleeve yoxinzelelo, kuba iigridi zamanzi zokuhlala zisebenza kuxinzelelo phakathi kwe-350 kunye ne-550 kilopascals (i-50 kunye ne-80 yeepounds nge-intshi yesikwere). I-Soldering umphanda wobhedu okrazukileyo oye wafumana ubunzima obukhulu beplastiki kunye nokunqunyulwa kodonga kudala ukudibanisa okungathembekiyo okuya kugqabhuka ngamandla phantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo lukamasipala, ukutshiza amanzi kudonga lwakho lodonga. I-sillcock ekrazukileyo kufuneka isuswe kwaye endaweni yayo kufakwe indibano entsha kraca eqinisekisiweyo yasefektri.

Kwakutheni ukuze i-sillcock yam igqabhuke ukuba inogwebu olugqunyiweyo kuyo?¶

Izigqubuthelo zamagwebu ezigqunyiweyo (iibibb hoods) azivelisi bushushu; babamba kuphela ubushushu be-ambient obuqhutywa ngaphandle ukusuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ngombhobho wesinyithi. Ukuba umbhobho wegadi okanye isiqhekeza sihlala sincanyathiselwe ngaphantsi kwesigqubuthelo, amanzi avalelekileyo ngaphakathi komphanda ayaba ngumkhenkce kungakhathaliseki ukuba ugwebu luni na xa amaqondo obushushu angaphandle ehlala ngaphantsi komkhenkce ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12. Ukongeza, ukuba i-sillcock ithambekele ngasemva okanye igumbi langaphakathi alifudumalanga, isigqubuthelo sogwebu sangaphandle sibonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-zero lobushushu ngokuchasene nomkhenkce ongaphantsi kweqanda.

Ingaba isihlalo sevalve ye-sillcock kufuneka sibe kude kangakanani ngaphakathi eludongeni?¶

Isihlalo sevalve esingaphakathi se-sillcock engenaqabaka kufuneka sandise ubuncinci iimilimitha ezingama-50 (ii-intshi ezi-2) kwindawo eshushu, ehlala inemeko eqhubekayo yesakhiwo, idlule ngokupheleleyo kumphandle wodonga olunodonga kunye nenqwelomoya yangaphakathi yodonga olomileyo. Ukuba isihlalo sevalve sihlala ngaphakathi kodonga lwangaphandle olungavumelekanga phakathi kwe-fiberglass insulation kunye ne-siding yangaphandle, imimoya ebandayo yasebusika iya kubanda isihlalo sesinyithi esingaphantsi kweqhwa, okubangela ukuba indibano yewasha yangaphakathi ibe ngumkhenkce kwaye igqabhuke naxa umbhobho unqanyuliwe.

Isiqinisekiso soncedo lokuqala¶

Ukulungisa ukusilela kwemibhobho yamanzi eludongeni kunye nokutshintsha iisillcocks ezikhenkcezisiweyo kubandakanya ukusika i-drywall, ukususa i-fiberglass insulation, ukusebenzisa izisiki zemibhobho yobhedu, kunye nokusebenzisa iitotshi ezivulekileyo okanye izixhobo zombane kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Iingozi ngexesha longxamiseko lwemibhobho yamanzi zihlala zibangela ukusikeka okunzulu kwesinyithi esijijekileyo kwityhubhu yobhedu, ukonzakala kwamehlo kumasuntswana odonga omileyo olubhabhayo, ukutsha koqhagamshelwano oluvela kwiitotshi ezithengiswayo, kunye nokucaphuka okubukhali kokuphefumla ngenxa yokuphatha iifiberglass insulation fibers. Abanini bezakhiwo, abasebenzi bezolondolozo, kunye nabaphathi bezakhiwo kufuneka bagcine isatifikethi esisebenzayo kwi-first aid yokuqala, i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-defibrillator yangaphandle (AED) ngokuzenzekelayo. Iikhosi eziqhelekileyo ezinikezelwa yimibutho efana ne-American Red Cross, i-St John Ambulance, okanye ababoneleli bezoqeqesho lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo lwengingqi babonelela ngoqeqesho olusebenzayo ekulawuleni ukopha okukhulu, ukucocwa kwamanxeba, ukutshisa ukuzinzisa, kunye nokulawulwa kwezigulane ezikhuselekileyo de kufike amaqela ezonyango ezingxamisekileyo.

Imithombo ijongiwe¶

• Umbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zePlumbing (ASPE). Incwadana yoYilo lobuNjineli beMibhobho, uMqulu 2: IiNkqubo zaManzi abandayo kunye noKhuseleko lweFrize.
• IBhunga leKhowudi yeHlabathi (ICC). * I-2024 iKhowudi yeMibhobho yamazwe ngamazwe (IPC) *, iCandelo 305 (Ukukhuselwa kwemibhobho) kunye neCandelo 608 (uKhuseleko lokubuyela emva).
• IBhunga leKhowudi yeHlabathi (ICC). 2024 IKhowudi yokuHlala yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IRC), iCandelo le-P2903 (iNkqubo yoBonelelo lwaManzi).
• Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe weMibhobho kunye namaGosa oomatshini (IAPMO). 2024 iKhowudi yeMibhobho eFanayo (UPC), iSahluko sesi-6: Ubonelelo lwaManzi kunye noSasazo.
• Umbutho waseMelika wobuNjineli bezococeko (ASSE). * Umgangatho we-ASSE 1019: Ii-Hydrants eludongeni, ezingenaMkhenkce, Udidi lokuKhupha oluSebenzayo*.
• Umbutho weMigangatho yaseKhanada (CSA). Uthotho lwe-CSA B64: Izithinteli zokubuyela ngasemva kunye ne-Vacuum Breakers.
• IZiko lemiGangatho yaseBritani (BSI). * I-BS EN 13959: I-Anti-Pollution Check Valves *.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• I-Burst Water Pipe Uzinziso oluNgxamisekileyo kunye nokuBekwa wedwa
• IValve eNgqongileyo yokuVava amanzi eNxibelele okanye iSango eRusted iValve Stem Snap
• Ngaphantsi kweSink Angle Stop Valve Failure kunye neHigh-Pressure Spray
• Ukulungiswa koMngundo kunye neeProthokholi zokomisa ngokwesakhiwo emva komonakalo wamanzi
• Imibhobho Ekhenkcezisiweyo Ukunyibilika okuNgxamisekileyo kunye nokuKhuselwa komkhenkce