Dipanga dia mfranga ya balongi, dilengeja dia difutu, ne dilengejibua¶

Dipanga kufuta dia mfranga ya balongi didi dijula ​​amue a ku bukokeshi bua bungi bua disangisha dia makuta mu mikenji ya disumba dia bintu, nangananga padi mfranga eyi mikuatshisha anyi mikale kudi mbulamatadi wa ditunga. Bishilangane na bafidi ba karte ka mfranga anyi bafidi ba mfranga badi ne tshia kukufundila ku kabadi ka bena ditunga ne kupeta dilumbuluisha kumpala kua kulenga difutu diebe, bibambalu bia mfranga bia mbulamatadi bia balongi (bu mudi: Tshibambalu tshia tulasa tua mu États-Unis, Tshibambalu tshia diambuluisha dia mfranga tshia balongi tshia mu Canada, anyi Biro bia bitadi bia mu Australie bua mabanza a HELP) bidi ne bukokeshi bua mikenji bua kufuta bitadi bia ditunga diebe, ne kukuata bitadi bia ditunga diebe dipingaja dia makuta, ne dijimija dia tshitupa tshia makuta eba a Social Security anyi a bulema kuyi muanji kubuela mu kabadi.

Nansha mudiku bukokeshi bua bungi ebu, mbulamatadi ne bafidi ba makuta a balongi badi benza mudimu muinshi mua matuku a ndekelu a dimanyisha dia mikenji, dilekedibua dia malu makole adibu ne bua kuenza, ne programe ya diondopangana dia musangu umue idi mua kuimanyika dijimija dia makuta ne kupingaja makuta ebe mu nsombelu muimpe. Mukanda ewu udi ufila mibelu ya ku kakese ku kakese bua kuimanyika dijimija dia makuta a mbulamatadi (AWG) didi dienda dienzeka anyi didi dilua, kupangisha dipingaja dia bitadi kudi tshibambalu tshia makuta, kutapulula pankatshi pa dilongolola dia mfranga ya mbulamatadi ne disangisha dia buludiludi, kudikuba ku bilumbu bia mfranga ya balongi, ne kulomba dilekedibua dia mikenji bua bulema, dinyanguka dia tulasa anyi dishima dia tulasa.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Manya diakamue ni mfranga yebe ya tshianana idi mbulamatadi ukuatshisha anyi mfranga ya balongi ba pa nkaya: Buela mu tshibuelelu tshiebe tshia diambuluisha dia balongi (bu mudi StudentAid.gov mu États-Unis, National Student Loans Service Center mu Canada, anyi GOV.UK Student Finance mu Royaume-Uni) ne wangate luapolo luebe lua mfranga ya tshianana. Makuta a mbulamatadi adi ne bukokeshi bua kufuta bitadi ne a difuta dia bitadi kadi adi afila difutu dia makuta ne dilongolola dia malu bilondeshile mikenji, kadi makuta a pa nkaya adi alomba dilumbuluisha dia ku kabadi ka bena ditunga kumpala kua dikuba dia bitadi kuenzeka.
2. Tangila dituku dijalame didibu bafunde pa mukanda webe wa dijinga dia kulengeja bua kulama tshikondo tshieba tshia matuku 30 tshia dilumbuluisha: Mu États-Unis, muinshi mua 20 U.S.C. 1095a, tshibambalu tshia tulasa anyi tshibambalu tshia tshijadiki tshidi ne tshia kutuma mukanda wa dimanyisha dia matuku 30 kumpala kua kupatula mukenji wa difutu dia mbulamatadi kudi mfumuebe wa mudimu. Wewe mutume mukanda wa dilomba dia dilumbuluisha difunda ku poste mu dituku anyi kumpala kua dituku dia 30 dia kalandriye kubangila ku dituku didibu bafunde pa dimanyisha adi, tshibambalu etshi tshidi tshikandika kudi mikenji bua kupatula mukenji wa dikuba too ne padi mbulamatadi wa dilumbuluisha udi kayi ne bumfumu ufila dipangadika pa dibenga diebe anyi dilomba diebe dia lutatu lua makuta.
3. Kulenguludi nansha kakese dibikila dia ku kabadi anyi dilomba difila bua mfranga ya balongi ba pa nkayabu: Bikala muena mudimu wa malu a mudimu ukupesha tshilumbu anyi wewe mupete mukanda wa dibikila dia ku kabadi ka bena ditunga kudi mufidi wa mfranga wa pa nkayebe (bu mudi Sallie Mae, Navient, SoFi, Discover, anyi musumba wa mabanza wa muntu mukuabu bu mudi National Collegiate Student Trust), ubikile biro biebe bia mikenji ne funda mukanda Diandamuna ne mufundi wa kabadi kumpala kua tshikondo tshikole tshia ditunga (pa tshibidilu matuku 14 too ne ku 30). Shi muntu udi mua kukuenzela bibi anyi kukunyenga bintu bidi kabiyi bilondeshila mikenji kumbelu kuebe, ndaku muaba udibu mua kukukuba ne ubikile ku nimero ya lukasa lukasa ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi tangila nimero wetu nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu.
4. Bikala makuta eba a bitadi mu njiwu ya kukuatshika bilondeshile mukanda wa dimanyisha dia difutu dia bitadi, ela meji bua kufunda mukanda wa difutu dia muena dibaka udi mutapike anyi dibenga dia matuku 65: Padi mbulamatadi utuma mukanda wa matuku 65 wa dimanyisha dia kumpala kua difutu didi didimuija ne: difutu diebe dia bitadi dia mbulamatadi anyi difuta dia Social Security nedikale dikuate, udi ne matuku 65 bua kujadika ne: udi ne bua kukonkonona bitadi ebi ki mbua kukumbaja kudi mikenji to, anyi kubuela mu tshipungidi tshia difutu tshifunda. Shi udi mu dibaka ne udi ufila dibeji dia bitadi dia tshisumbu mudi anu muena dibaka umue udi ne dibanza dia dibanza dia balongi didi kadiyi difuta, funda IRS Form 8379 (Injured Spouse Allocation) ne dibeji diebe dia bitadi bua kukuba tshitupa tshia makuta a muena dibaka udi kayi mufute.
5. Sangisha mikanda yebe ibidi ya ndekelu ya bitadi, mikanda ya difutu dia mpindieu, ne mukanda mujima wa makuta a mu nzubu: Nansha wewe ulomba dilumbuluisha dia malu a mfranga dia Administrative Wage Garnishment, dienza dia tshipungidi tshia dilongolola dia mfranga ya 5 USD ku ngondo, anyi dilomba dia Income-Drevenment Revenment (DRI) plan wa difuta dia ngondo yonso difuta anyi dipuekesha dia bintu bia mushinga mukole didi dibala anu ku diambuluisha dia Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), bunene bua nzubu, ne makuta a nshindamenu a mu nsombelu adibu bafunde pa kumona ne IRS National and Local Collection Financial Standards.
6. Kufutshi kumpanyi wa "difutshila dia mabanza a balongi" anyi "dilongolola dia mikanda" bua kulongolola anyi kusangisha mabanza ebe: Dilongolola dionso dia mabanza a balongi dia mbulamatadi, kusangisha ne dilongolola dia mabanza, disangisha dia buludiludi, dilumbuluisha dia ntatu ya mbulamatadi, ne dijimija dia bulema buonso ne bua kashidi (TPD), didi 1000 pa lukama bua kujikija wewe nkayebe ku diambuluisha dia tshibuelelu tshia mbulamatadi anyi tshia mbulamatadi Tshisumbu tshia dijikija dia bilumbu. Bibambalu bia pa nkaya bidi bilomba bitadi bia kumpala bia 500 too ne ku 2000 USD anyi bilomba mikanda yebe ya dibuela dia mbulamatadi bidi bishipa mikenji ya mbulamatadi ya disumbisha dia bintu ku Enternete ne bitu bipua matuku a ndekelu adibu bafila.

Dipangadika dia malu: kuimanyika dilomba dia makuta a balongi ne kujikija dipanga dia makuta¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Dimanyisha dia dipanga kufuta dia mfranga ya balongi, didimuija dia tshinyangu, anyi tshilumbu"] --> LoanType{"Dibanza didi dia mbulamatadi anyi dia pa nkaya anyi?"}
    LoanType -->|"Mfranga ya pa nkaya (Banke, Credit Union, anyi Trust)"| PrivateCheck{"Ukadiku mupeta mukanda wa dibikila ku kabadi ka bantu anyi?"}
    PrivateCheck -->|"Eyowa, dibikila dia ku kabadi"| FileAnswer["Fila diandamuna difunda dia ku kabadi mu matuku 14 to ne 30: dilomba dia bintu ne tshikebelu tshia mikenji ya mikalu"]
    PrivateCheck -->|"Tòo, Anu Mabikila anyi Mikanda ya Basangishi"| DebtVal["Tuma mukanda wa dianyisha dia mabanza a matuku 30 ne dikonkonona dia mikenji ya ditunga kumpala kua kufuta tshintu nansha tshimue"]
    LoanType -->|"Difutu dia balongi dia mbulamatadi (panyima pa matuku 270)"| EnfStage{"Difutu dia mbulamatadi (AWG) anyi difutu dia bitadi didiku anyi?"}
    EnfStage -->|"Bapeta dimanyisha dia matuku 30 kumpala kua dilengeja"| TimelyHearing["Tuma dilomba dia dilumbuluisha dia AWG + dimanyisha dia ntatu ya mfranga mu matuku 30 bua kukanga Garnishment"]
    EnfStage -->|"Difutu dia difutu (15%) dikadi dienza mudimu pa difutu"| ActiveCure["Fila dilomba dia kumvua lutatu lua panyima ne kutuadija diondapangana dia pa tshibidilu"]
    EnfStage -->|"Kakuena tshintu tshidi tshienza mudimu to (mu mulongo wa kumpala)"| ChooseCure{"Sungula buanga buebe bua musangu umua anyi bua lukasa"}
    TimelyHearing --> ChooseCure
    ActiveCure --> ChooseCure
    ChooseCure -->|"Bidi bikengela kumbusha mukanda wa kumpala mu luapolo lua mfranga"| Rehab["Dilongolola dia mfranga: Enza mfranga 9 pa dîba dia makuta adibu bapeta mu ngondo 10 (dijika dia mfranga kunyima kua difuta dia 5)"]
    ChooseCure -->|"Udi dijinga ne kupatuka lukasa (matuku 30 too ne ku 60) anyi ukadi muenze mudimu ne dilongolola dia mubidi musangu umua"| Consol["Disangisha dia makuta a mfranga: Kusangisha makuta a mfranga mu mfranga mipiamipia muinshi mua tshipangu tshia difutu dia makuta (IDR)"]

Tshitupa 1: Umvua dishilangana didi pankatshi pa makuta a balongi a mbulamatadi ne a bantu nkayabu¶

Kumpala kua wewe kuyukila ne muena mudimu wa makuta, kutuma tsheke, anyi kutua tshiala pa mukanda wa difutu, udi ne bua kujadika mushindu udibu basungule makuta onso adi mu tshibutshilu tshiebe. Njila udi wenza mudimu bua mfranga ya mbulamatadi idi mua kunyangakaja dikuba diebe pa mfranga ya balongi ya pa nkayebe, nangananga pa bidi bitangila tshikondo tshia dijikija dia mudimu.

Mikenji ya dipanga kufuta ne disangisha dia mfranga ya balongi ya mbulamatadi ne ya pa nkaya¶

Mushindu kayi wa kukontonona bintu biebe bia mfranga mu minite 15¶

1. Tangila tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga ya balongi (NSLDS) ku diambuluisha dia StudentAid.gov: Shi mfranga yebe mifumine mu États-Unis, buela mu StudentAid.gov ne kuangata tshikandakanda tshieba tshia meyi a tshianana ("My Aid Data"). Makuta onso a mbulamatadi adibu bafila mu dina diebe (Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, Direct PLUS, Federal Family Education Loan / FFEL, ne Federal Perkins Loans) neapatuke mu mukanda eu, pamue ne dina dilelela ne nimero ya telefone ya muena mudimu udiku mpindieu anyi Default Resolution Group (DRG).
2. Umanye makuta a FFEL adi muntu nkayende ne makuta a Tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa: Makuta a kale a tulasa tua mu dîku (mafila kumpala kua dia matuku 1 ngondo wa 7 wa 2010) adi mua kuikala kudi tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa tshia mu États-Unis anyi kudi tshibambalu tshia malu a bungenda (bu mudi Ascendium, ECMC, Trellis, anyi PHEAA). Bionso bibidi bidi bimueneka pa StudentAid.gov ne bionso bibidi bidi bikumbane bua kupeta dilongolola dia mbulamatadi ne disangisha dia buludiludi, nansha padibi bienza mudimu kudi mbulamatadi anyi kudi tshibambalu tshia dijadika dia malu tshidi katshiyi tshikeba makuta.
3. Koka luapolo luonso lusatu lua biro bia mfranga bua kupeta mfranga ya balongi ya pa nkaya: Mfranga yonso ya balongi idi imueneka mu luapolo luebe lua mfranga lua Equifax, Experian anyi TransUnion (udi mua kupeta tshianana ku diambuluisha dia AnnualCreditReport.com mu États-Unis) kadi kawena umueneka pa tshiamu tshieba tshia StudentAid.gov to i dibanza dia balongi dia pa nkaya. Funda mufidi wa mabanza wa kumpala, musumba wa mabanza mpindieu anyi nzubu wa mikenji wa disangisha dia mabanza, nomba wa konte, ne "Dituku dia kumpala dia dipanga dia mabanza" didibu bafunde mu luapolo lua mabanza.

Tshitupa 2: Mushindu kayi wa kuimanyika difutu dia mbulamatadi (AWG)¶

Padi dibanza dia balongi dia mbulamatadi dipita matuku 270 a dipanga dia difutu kadiyi ne bulongolodi bua difuta dia makuta, didi difidibua kudi Kasumbu ka dijikija dia bilumbu ka Tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa (anyi tshibambalu tshia mbulamatadi tshia dijadika dia mabanza a FFEL). Muinshi mua mikenji ya mbulamatadi (20 U.S.C. 1095a ne 34 CFR 34.4), mbulamatadi udi mua kuambila mfumuebe wa mudimu bua kukupangisha too ne ku 15 pa lukama ya difutu diebe dia tshianana tshikondo tshionso tshia difutu kayi ukufunda to.

"Difutu dia tshianana" didi diumvuija tshitupa tshia difutu diebe didi dishala kunyima kua dikosa dia bitadi bia tshishimbi tshia bukola bua mubidi ne bungi budi mikenji ilomba bua kuikalabu bakuate (bitadi bia mbulamatadi, bia ditunga, ne bia musoko, bitadi bia Social Security, ne Medicare). Muinshi mua 15 U.S.C. 1673, difutu dia mbulamatadi kadiena mua kukepesha difutu diebe dia lumingu luonso dia kuangata kumbelu kuinshi kua misangu 30 ya difutu dikese dia mbulamatadi (30 mivudijibue ne 7,25 USD, anyi 217,50 USD ku lumingu).

Dididishi dia or dia matuku 30 vs. dilomba dia dilumbuluisha dia panyima pa dîba¶

1. Wewe muenze bualu mu matuku 30 a dituku dia dimanyisha (Dikala diakane):
   • Tuma mukanda wa Dilomba dia kuteleja udi mulamakaja ne mukanda wa dimanyisha dia dianyisha udi mufunda ku poste mu dituku anyi kumpala kua dituku dia 30 kubangila ku dituku didibu bafunde pa mukanda ku diambuluisha dia mukanda wa dianyisha ne dilomba dia dipingaja dia bintu.
   • Muinshi mua 34 CFR 34.8(a), padi dilomba diebe dia dilumbuluisha difika pa dîba, tshibambalu katshiena mua kufila mukenji wa dikuba kudi mfumuebe wa mudimu too ne padi dilumbuluisha dijika ne muena mudimu wa dilumbuluisha ufila dipangadika dia ndekelu difunda (pa tshibidilu mu matuku 60).
2. Wewe mupangile tshikondo tshia ndekelu tshia matuku 30 anyi difutu dimane kutuadija pa difutu diebe:
   • Muinshi mua 34 CFR 34.8(b), udi mua kutuma mukanda wa Dilomba dia diteleja dîba kayi dionso, nansha ngondo ya bungi kunyima kua dilongolola dia malu dimane kutuadija. Nansha mudi dilomba dia panyima pa dîba kadiyi diimanyika difuta dia bintu mu dituku dia 1, tshibambalu tshidi anu ne bua kuitaba dilumbuluisha ne kupatula dipangadika mu matuku 60, ne wewe muleje ne: udi ne lutatu lua makuta**, tshibambalu tshidi ne bua kushintulula diakamue anyi kuimanyika dilomba dia dikuba dia bintu.

Bijadiki binayi bia mikenji bia kuimanyika anyi kukepesha AWG mu dilumbuluisha¶

• Bualu 1: Lutatu lua mfranga: Uja Malu a mfranga adi mu mukanda wa dilumbuluisha, ufunda makuta audi mua kupeta ku ngondo yonso pamue ne makuta audi mua kufuta mu nzubu (nzubu wa nzubu anyi wa nzubu, bintu bia mudimu, biakudia, mashinyi a luendu, luondapu lua pambelu pa tshibombi, dilama dia bana ne diambuluisha dia bana). Muinshi mua 34 CFR 34.24, muena mudimu wa tshilumbu udi ufuanyikija makuta eba ne IRS Collection Financial Standards; Lamakaja bipungidi bia difutshila, bitadi bia mudimu, bitadi bia luondapu, ne ngondo 3 ya bitadi bia ku banke bua kujadika makuta onso adi mapite pa tshibangidilu tshia IRS. Shi makuta eba adi akengedibua adi ashiya tshintu tshia tshianana, mfumu udi wimanyika dilengeja dia bintu bua tshikondo tshia ntatu tshia ngondo 6 too ne ku 12 anyi udi ulomba bua kukepesha bungi bua makuta.
• Tshilumbu 2: Dipanga dia mudimu dia ku budisuile mu ngondu 12 mipita (mukenji wa ngondu 12 ya dipingana ku mudimu): muinshi mua 20 U.S.C. 1095a(a)(7) ne 34 CFR 34.22, shi uvua mutapuluke ku mudimu ku budisuile (muipata anyi mumbushibue ku mudimu, ki mbua kulekela mudimu ku budisuile to) ne mupingajibue ku mudimu munkatshi mua ngondo mitue ku 12 mishindame, difutu diebe didi 100 pa lukama diumbushibua ku Garnish wa Garnish too ne paudi upingana ku mudimu Ngondo 12 milondangane. Lamakaja mukanda weba wa kumpala wa dijimija dia mudimu anyi dia dipanga dia mudimu ne dijadika dia dituku dia mudimu dia muena mudimu mupiamupia.
• Tshilumbu 3: Dipungila dia difutu dia mudimu anyi dishala dia tshimpitshimpi dia dijimija dia makuta: Lamakaja mikanda ya difuta idi ileja ne: ukadi mufunde plan wa difuta dia makuta kumpala kua dimanyisha kupatuka, anyi funda mukanda webe wa difunda dia tshilumbu tshia dijimija dia makuta udi mu bukubi bilondeshile 11 U.S.C. 362.
• Tshilumbu 4: Dikumbana dia difuta dia mfranga didi diindila: Tangila kazubu ka dibenga kulekela dia mfranga ne ulamakaja dilomba diebe pikala tulasa tuebe tukanga paudi mu kalasa (anyi mu matuku 180 a dipatuka), dishima dia tshiala tshiebe, dijadika dia dishima dia dianyisha diebe, anyi pikala ne bulema bua kashidi (TPD).

Tshitupa 3: Mushindu kayi wa kuimanyika dipingaja dia bitadi ne diambuluisha dia tshibutshilu tshia makuta¶

Makuta a balongi a mbulamatadi adi kaayi mafuta adi ajadikibua kudi Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu États-Unis muinshi mua Programme wa difutu dia mfranga (TOP) bua kuangata diakamue 100 pa lukama ya bitadi bia mbulamatadi ne bia ditunga ne too ne ku 15 pa lukama ya Difutu dia pansio dia bukubi bua bantu ne (**dikuatshisha dia makuta a mu tshibutshilu tshia bantu) Mutu wa XVI udi ne tshia 100 pa lukama). Muinshi mua 31 CFR 285.4(e), mbulamatadi kena mua kufuta tshitupa nansha tshimue tshia makuta ebe a Social Security tshidi mua kukepesha tshitupa tshiebe tshia ngondo tshidi tshishala kuinshi kua 750 USD ku ngondo (750 USD anyi muinshi bidi biumvuija ne: kakuena difutu nansha dimue).

Mushindu kayi wa kupangisha anyi kupingaja dijimija dia tshibutshilu tshia makuta¶

• Enza mu tshikondo tshia matuku 65 tshia dimanyisha dia kumpala kua difutu: Kumpala kua kujadika dibanza diebe bua difutu, Tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa tshidi tshituma mukanda mufunda wa Dimanyisha dia matuku 65 dia dijinga dia difutu. Kufunda mukanda wa tshipungidi tshia difutu (anyi dilongolola dia mfranga / disangisha dia buludiludi) ne kuenza difutu diebe dia kumpala mu matuku 65 a kalandriye kudi kuimanyika dianyisha.
• Lama dipingaja dia makuta a muena dibaka nebe ku diambuluisha dia mukanda wa IRS Form 8379 (Injured Spouse Allocation): Wewe mufile dibeji dia bitadi dia mbulamatadi ne anu muena dibaka umue ke udi ne dibanza dia dibanza dia mulongi didi kadiyi difuta, ela IRS Form 8379 ku Form 1040 webe (anyi ufile pashishe mu bidimu 3 bia dipingaja) bua kubala dituku dia dipatuka dia IRS ne tshitupa tshia makuta tshia muena dibaka udi kayi mupangile bua kufuta.
• Lomba dipingaja dia makuta anyi ushintulule W-4 webe: Bikala dipingaja dia makuta dikuate difikisha ku dipatuka mu nzubu, dikuata dia nzubu, anyi dikanga dia mudimu, utume Dilomba dia dipingaja dia makuta ne kopi ya mukanda wa diumusha anyi dikuata dia nzubu kudi kasumbu ka dijikija dia bilumbu. Nansha mudi dibanza diebe dishala dijadikibua bua difutu, utume IRS Form W-4 kudi mfumuebe wa mudimu bua difutu diebe dikumbaje dibanza diebe dia bitadi kakuyi dipingaja dia bitadi bia bungi biudi mufute bua tshibutshilu tshikuate.

Tshitupa 4: Sungula buanga buebe bua kashidi pa bidi bitangila dipanga dia mbulamatadi (Dilongolola ne Dikolesha)¶

Kuimanyika dilengeja dia bintu munkatshi mua ngondo 6 bua malu makole kudi anu dilengeja dia tshitupa tshîpi. Bua kuimanyika kashidi dilomba dia makuta, kujikija kashidi difuta dia bitadi ne dijimija dia bitadi, ne kupingaja bukenji buebe bua kupeta plan ya difutu dia makuta (IDR) ne diambuluisha dia balongi ba matuku atshilualua, udi ne bua kuenza umue wa ku mishindu ibidi ya diondopangana dia mikenji: Dilongolola dia mfranga anyi Disangisha dia mfranga buludiludi.

Difuanyikija: Dilongolola dia mfranga ya mbulamatadi ne disangisha dia mfranga ya buludiludi¶

Tshitupa ku tshitupa: Mushindu kayi wa kuenza tshipungidi tshia dilongolola dia mfranga ya 5 USD ku ngondo¶

1. Bikila kasumbu ka dijikija dia bilumbu (1-800-621-3115 mu États-Unis) anyi tshibambalu tshieba tshia FFEL ne uleje patoke ne: "Ndi musue kubuela mu programe wa dilongolola dia mfranga ya mbulamatadi bilondeshile makuta andi mpeta":
   • Kulekedi muena mudimu wa disangisha dia makuta akuenzeja bua kufuta tshitupa tshia pa lukama tshia makuta onso audi musombe to. Muinshi mua 34 CFR 685.211(f)(1), muena mudimu udi mulomba kudi mikenji bua kubala difutu diebe dia kumpala dia dilongolola dia nzubu ku diambuluisha dia formule wa difutu dia mbulamatadi (15 pa lukama ya makuta adibu bapeta pa mutu pa 150 pa lukama ya mbulamatadi wa bupele, too ne ku **5 USD ku ngondo).
2. Bikala tshipiminu tshia 15 pa lukama tshia kumpala tshitshidi tshipite bungi bua makuta ebe, lomba bua kubala "Malu makuabu a mfranga" (OMB Form 1845-0122):
   • Muinshi mua 34 CFR 685.211(f)(3), udi ne bukenji bua kubenga dibala dia kumpala ne kutuma mukanda wa Dilongolola dia mfranga: Malu a mfranga ne makuta, udi ukumbusha makuta ebe a mu nzubu adibu bafunde ku ngondo yonso (nzubu, bintu bia mudimu, biakudia, luondapu, mashinyi, bitadi, ne bitadi bikuabu) kumbukila ku ** 5,000, mulongi webe ngondu**.
3. Tshia tshiala pa mukanda wa tshipungidi tshia dilongolola ne ulombe IDR mu ngondo wa 9:
   • Makuta adibu bafuta kumpala kua kupingaja mukanda wa tshipungidi tshia dilongolola dia bantu anyi makuta a difutu dia budisuile ne dijimija dia bitadi kaena mua kubala bu umue wa ku makuta ebe 9 a dilongolola dia budisuile to. Paudi ujikija difuta diebe dia 9 ne ufila kudi muena mudimu wa pa tshibidilu, lomba diakamue bua Difuta dia makuta didi difumina ku makuta (IDR) pa StudentAid.gov bua kuepuka dipingana ku tshipangu tshia bidimu 10 tshia mushinga mukole.

Tshitupa 5: Kudikuba kudi bafidi ba mabanza a balongi ne bilumbu¶

Shi mfranga yebe ya tshianana i mfranga ya balongi ba pa nkayabu, mikenji ya dilongolola dia mbulamatadi ne ya IDR kayena ne mudimu to; pamutu pa nanku, makokeshi ebe adi alombodibua kudi mikenji ya tshipungidi tshia ditunga ne Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA):

1. Tangila mikenji ya ditunga diebe kumpala kua kufuta nansha dikuta dimue anyi kuitaba dibanza:
   • Ditunga dionso dia mu États-Unis, mu provense wa mu Canada, ne mu matunga makuabu bidi bilomba mikenji ya mikalu pa mikanda ya dilaya, pa tshibidilu kubangila ku bidimu 3 too ne ku 6 kubangila ku difutu diebe dia ndekelu diuvua mupangile. Padi mukenji ujika, dibanza didi dijika ne mufidi wa makuta kena mua kukufunda ku tubadi to. Ino, mu matanda a bungi, kuenza nansha difuta dia 5 USD "ditabuja dimpe" anyi kutua tshiala pa mukanda wa dilaya dia kufuta kudi kupingaja dîba dia tshikondo tshia dijika dia mudimu ku zero.
2. Tuma mukanda wa dianyisha dia dibanza ne dilomba dia dibanza mu matuku 30:
   • Makuta a balongi ba pa nkayabu (nangananga makuta a kale adibu basangisha mu bibambalu bia tshibutshilu bu mudi National Collegiate Student Loan Trusts) adi misangu ya bungi asumbishibua kakuyi mikanda ya midimu mijima. Tuma mukanda wa dianyisha dia mabanza ku diambuluisha dia mukanda wa dianyisha udi ulomba mukanda wa dilaya udibu batue tshiala, mukanda mujima wa difuta dia makuta kubangila ku dituku dia kumpala, ne Mukanda wa dipana ne programe wa dibanza udi uleja ne: muena tshilumbu udi ne konte webe.
3. Keba Cosigner Release ne Auto-Default rights:
   • Muinshi mua Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (15 U.S.C. 1650), bua mfranga ya balongi mifila mu dia matuku 20 ngondo wa dikumi ne umua 2018 anyi panyima pa matuku 2018, bafidi ba mfranga badi bakandike bua kumanyisha dipanga dia mfranga anu bualu muena mudimu udi ufua anyi udi ufila dilomba dia dinyanguka dia banke, ne mulongi udi ne bua kuangata mfranga udi ufua.
4. Nyukidilangana bua kujikija tshilumbu tshia makuta a bungi anyi funda tshilumbu tshia dinyanguka dia makuta:
   • Banki ya pa nkaya ne basumbishi ba mabanza batu misangu ya bungi bafuta mabanza a balongi a pa nkaya adibu bafute ku 30 too ne ku 55 pa lukama ya makuta adi mashale mpindieu paudi upeta mukanda wa dijikija dia mabanza mufunda; Tangila ni udi mukumbane bua kupeta IRS Form 982 Insolvency Exclusion bua kuepuka bitadi bia makuta adibu balekele.
   • Muinshi mua 11 U.S.C. 523(a)(8), mabanza a balongi a mbulamatadi ne a pa nkaya adi mua kupatuka mu dinyanguka dia makuta wewe mufile Dilumbuluisha dia baluishi didi dileja "Malu makole adi kaayi makane" (alongolola bua mabanza a mbulamatadi ku diambuluisha dia DOJ/ED Student Loan Bankruptcy Attestation Process). Makuta a pa nkaya adi mapita mushinga wa tulasa tua mbulamatadi, afila makuta a tulasa tudi katuyi tuanyishibue, anyi adibu bangate patshivuaye mulonge muinshi mua tshitupa tshia dîba kaena mikandike kudi tshitupa tshia 523(a)(8) ne adi afutshibua anu bu mabanza a pa tshibidilu a karte ka mfranga to.

Tshitupa 6: Difutu dia mfranga ya mbulamatadi didi dijimija 100 pa lukama ya mabanza eba¶

Kumpala kua kupitshisha bidimu bia bungi mu difuta dia mfranga ya balongi ya mbulamatadi idi kayiyi mifuta, tangila ni udi mukumbane bua kupeta dianyisha dia mikenji didi dijimija makuta adi mashale ne dipingaja dia mfranga ya kumpala:

• Dipatuka dia bulema buonso ne bua kashidi (TPD) (StudentAid.gov): Udi ushipa 100 pa lukama ya makuta a balongi a mbulamatadi pikala disama dia mubidi anyi dia lungenyi dipangisha bua kuenza mudimu wa bungi ne didi dienze anyi didi ditekemena bua kuikala ngondo 60 (bidimu 5), anyi difikisha ku lufu. Bijadika ku diambuluisha dia VA 100 pa lukama bulema, tshijadiki tshia bulema tshia SSA, anyi mukanda wa dianyisha mufunda kudi MD, DO, NP, PA, anyi mumanyi wa malu a lungenyi.
• Dipatuka dia tulasa tukanga (34 CFR 685.214): Udi ushipa 100 pa lukama ya makuta a Direct, FFEL, anyi Perkins pikala tulasa tuebe tujika paudi mufunda anyi mu matuku 180 kunyima kua dipatuka kuyi mujikije programe.
• Dikuba dia muena dibanza bua kufuta (34 CFR 685.206 / 685.401): Dishipa dia makuta a mbulamatadi pikala tshilongelu tshieba tshienze malu a dishima, bungi bua bantu badibu bafila ku mudimu anyi dishima dia diangatangana dia mudimu.
• Dijadika dia dishima, buivi bua bumuntu, anyi dipingaja dia makuta adi kaayi mafute (34 CFR 685.215): Udi ushipa makuta a mbulamatadi pikala tshiala tshiebe tshia dishima, bumuntu buebe buiba (ne luapolo lua bampulushi anyi lua FTC), tshilongelu tshikale tshijadikibue mu dishima dia dikumbana diebe, anyi tshilongelu tshipangile bua kupingaja makuta adibu bakulomba bua Title IV panyima pa wewe mumane kukukosela makuta.

Mulongo wa malu: Mikanda ya kusangisha kumpala kua kutuma mukanda webe wa kuteleja anyi wa kuondopa¶

• Ambula tshikandakanda tshieba tshijima tshia NSLDS ("My Aid Data") ku StudentAid.gov ne kupatula luapolo lueba lua mfranga lua Equifax, Experian, ne TransUnion.
• Kopa mikanda yebe ya bitadi ibidi ya ndekelu (Formulaire 1040) ne mikanda ibidi ya difutu dia lelu bua kujadika makuta ebe onso adibu bashintulule.
• Usangishe matuku 90 a makuta a nzubu (makuta a nzubu, makuta a mudimu, makuta a dilama dia bana, makuta a luondapu, ne makuta a ngendu) bua dipuekesha dia ntatu ya AWG anyi dibala dia 5 USD/ngondo dia dilongolola dia nzubu.
• Tuma dilomba dionso dia diteleja ne bipungidi bia dilongolola ku diambuluisha dia mukanda mujadika ne mukanda wa dipingaja udi mulomba (kuenza mudimu ne tshipiminu tshia 21.6 ku 27.9 santimetre, anyi 8.5 ku 11 inch, mabeji a mabeji ne kulama mabeji a mubidi mutantshi wa metre 1.5, anyi 5 feet, pa mutu pa tshibandilu tshia mvula anyi tshiibi) PDFs.

Bulombodi bua matunga masanga: Royaume-Uni, Canada, ne Australie¶

• Mu Canada (CSFA Program / NSLSC ne CRA): Kunyima kua matuku 270 (ngondo 9) ya dibenga kufuta, makuta a balongi a mbulamatadi adi afumina ku National Student Loans Service Center (NSSLSC) kuya ku Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) bua kupingaja bitadi. Ubwanya kupingaja mfranga ya mulongi ya mu Canada idi kayiyi mifuta kudi NSLSC (kupingaja bukenji bua Plan wa diambuluisha dia difutu / RAP) pa kufuta bitupa bibidi bia pa tshibidilu bia ku ngondo pamue ne bitadi bia pa tshibidilu, anyi kuenza mudimu ne mushindu webe wa dipeta dia bitadi bia musangu umua bua kusakidila bitadi bidi kabiyi bifuta ku bitadi bia kumpala ne kufuta bitadi bia ngondo ibidi patupu (bitadi bia ngondo ibidi mbimane kupita 0 pa lukama kubangila mu dia matuku 1 ngondo muinayi 2023).
• Mu Royaume-Uni (Student Loans Company / SLC ne HMRC): Difutu dia mu UK (Plans 1, 2, 4, 5, ne Postgraduate) didi diangatshibua nkayadi ku diambuluisha dia PAYE dilama dia difutu anu padi makuta apita tshipiminu tshia mikenji. Dipanga dia makuta dikole didi dienzeka padi muena dibanza uya pambelu pa ditunga dia UK munkatshi mua ngondo mipite pa 3 kayi mutume Formu wa dikonkonona dia makuta a ku babende, ne bidi bifikisha ku difuta bitadi bia ngondo yonso; kujikija bualu ebu pa kufunda mukanda webe wa dipima dia makuta a ku babende ne tshijadiki tshia makuta audi upeta muaba uudi musombele.
• Mu Australie (Makuta a diambuluisha dia dilonga ne a dilongesha / HELP ne ATO): Makuta a HELP adibu bafuta adi alomba kudi Biro bia bitadi bia mu Australie (ATO) padi makuta apita tshipiminu tshia mikenji. Shi difuta didi difila ntatu mikole, utume Dilomba dia kupingaja anyi kushintulula difutu dia kuenzeja kudi ATO bua kupingaja anyi kukepesha dipima.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa tshia mu États-Unis / Diambuluisha dia balongi (États-Unis): Mukenji wa malu a tulasa tua bikadilu wa mu 1965 mushintuludibue (20 U.S.C. 1095a Administrative Wage Garnishment, 20 U.S.C. 1078-6 Loan Rehabilitation, 20 U.S.C. 101919), Elimination of Limitations 344), Elimination of Limitations 34 . CFR Tshitupa 34 (Administrative Wage Garnishment), ne 34 CFR Tshitupa 685 (William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Programme).
• Biro bia bukubi bua makuta a badi basumba bintu (CFPB, mu États-Unis): Njila ya dikonkonona dia mabanza a balongi ba pa nkayabu, mikanda ya tshienzedi bua bafidi ba mabanza a balongi, ne ngenyi ya mibelu pa mabanza adi kaayi makumbane bilondeshile mukenji wa F (12 CFR tshitupa tshia 1006).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mikenji tshia mu États-Unis ne Tshibambalu tshia malu a tulasa tshia mu États-Unis (États-Unis): Bulombodi bua ba avocats ba mu tshibambalu etshi pa bidi bitangila dijimija dia makuta a balongi mu dinyanguka dia makuta (Mushindu wa dijadika dia malu adi kaayi makane muinshi mua 11 U.S.C. 523(a)(8)).
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mfranga tshia mu États-Unis (États-Unis): Mikenji ya Programme wa difutu dia mfranga (TOP) (31 CFR 285.2 Difutu dia dipingaja dia bitadi ne 31 CFR 285.4 Difutu dia difutu dia diambuluisha dia mbulamatadi kusangisha ne 750 USD Monthly Social Security Floor).
• Mudimu ne dikola dia nsombelu wa bantu Canada & Canada Revenue Agency (Canada): Canada Student Financial Assistance Act, National Student Loans Service Service (NSLSC) Loan Rehabilitation Rules, and Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) Thresholds.
• Student Loans Company & GOV.UK (United Kingdom): Kupingaja makuta a balongi (Plans 1, 2, 4, 5, ne Postgraduate), mikenji ya dikonkonona dia makuta a ku babende, ne bikondo bia dijimija dia makuta bilondeshile mikenji.
• Biro bia bitadi bia mu Australie (ATO, Australie): Mukenji wa diambuluisha dia tulasa tua bikadilu 2003 (Makuta a diambuluisha dia tulasa ne dilongesha / HELP) ne dipingaja anyi dishintulula dia bitadi bia dilomba bua ntatu mikole.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dikengesha dia bafidi ba mabanza
• Mamanyisha a dikonkonona dia bitadi, bitadi bia panyima, ne dikuba dia difutu
• Difutu dia mfranga difunda pamue ne dikuba dia makuta dia konte wa tshisumbu
• Tshilumbu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia dijimija dia makuta ne dishala dia tshimpitshimpi
• Lutatu lua tshimpitshimpi lua malu a mfranga