Frostbite staging, tsi dzodzoe nyɔnyrɔ̃, kple afɔku siwo le tsikpe me ake¶

Frostbite nye abi gã aɖe si dzɔna le nutome ƒe tsikpe me si ƒe dzesi enye tsikpe ƒe kristalo ƒe wɔwɔme le lãmenugbagbeviwo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe teƒewo. Ne wotsɔ amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã ƒuƒlu alo esi mexɔ dzo nyuie o la de dzoxɔxɔ si mede tsikpe o me la, ŋutilãa ƒe ŋutilã ƒe ametakpɔnu ƒe mɔnuwo hea ʋuka siwo le gota ƒe ʋuʋu deto vɛ. Le vuvɔ si nu sẽ me la, ʋu ƒe sisi yi asibidɛwo, afɔbidɛwo, ŋɔti, kple towo me dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna va ɖoa ʋu si wodona le gɔmedzedzea me ƒe akpa sue aɖe ko. Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ɖiɖi wu -0.55 °C (31.01 °F) la, tsi si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me la tsia tsikpe sesẽ, si vuvu lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusiwo, si gblẽa nu le ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋukawo ƒe abawo ŋu, eye wòdzea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe kuku vivivi gɔme.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ na vuvɔ sesẽ bia be woawɔ ɖoɖo siwo de pɛpɛpɛ, siwo dzi woda asi ɖo le atikewɔnyawo me. Dukɔa ƒe atike siwo mesɔ o, abe sno tutu abɔ kple afɔ siwo xɔ dzo, dzoxɔxɔ si klẽna tẽ tso atikplɔwo me zazã, alo azɔlizɔzɔ sesẽe le afɔ siwo xɔ dzo yeyee dzi ene, nana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ gagblẽna ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wònana wotsoa afɔ siwo ŋu amekoko le si woate ŋu axe mɔ na. hã, dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaɖoanyi kabakaba gɔmedzedze le agbledeƒe siwo le didiƒe ʋĩ afisi lãmenugbagbevi siwo fa miamiamia ate ŋu agbugbɔ axɔ tsikpe le le etsɔtsɔ me nye vodada gã aɖe si naa kakaɖedzi be lãmenugbagbevi siwo ƒe titrime katã naku bliboe. Ne míese tsikpe ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna le kɔdzi gɔme, tsi dzodzoe ƒe nyɔnyrɔ̃ kabakaba ƒe ɖoɖo, vevesese dzi ɖuɖu le ʋudodo ake me, kple afɔku si le tsikpe me ake la, ekpɔa abɔ kple afɔwo ta eye wòkpɔa dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ʋuʋu ta.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Tsɔ dɔnɔa yi teƒe si dzoxɔxɔ le, si me ya ƒoa xlãe enumake. Dodo le ya kple tsidzadza me tɔa te dzoxɔxɔ si le ʋuʋum si yia edzi la eye wònaa ŋutilã ƒe dzoxɔxɔ vevitɔ nɔa te.
2. Dada systemic hypothermia hafi nàkpɔ local frostbite gbɔ. Ame mate ŋu ada abi siwo le peripheral freezing injuries esime core body temperature gakpɔtɔ le tetem ɖe edzi o; xatsa dɔnɔa ƒe akɔta ɖe alɔ̃kotoku ƒuƒuwo, avɔwo, alo awu dzodzoewo me.
3. Dzro nɔnɔme si me woɖea tsikpe le me kpɔ hafi nàdze agbagba be yeafa abɔ kple afɔ siwo xɔ dzo. Ne ele be dɔnɔa nazɔ ayi dedie, alo ne mɔnukpɔkpɔ aɖe li be lãkusi si fa la ate ŋu agbugbɔ tsikpe aƒu le etsɔtsɔ me la, mègafa eƒe nugbɔ o.
4. Ðe awu xɔdzo, afɔkpa, kple atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo ɖa. Tsɔ soxle, asigɛ, kple asigɛ sesẽ siwo ƒo tsi la ƒu gbe nyuie hafi lãkusiwo navuvu; tsɔ lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu lã awuwo ne avɔa xɔ tsikpe ɖe ŋutigbalẽa ŋu tẽ.
5. Dzra tsi dzadzɛ ƒe tsilele si le 37 °C kple 40 °C (99 °F va ɖo 104 °F) dome ɖo. Ne wokpɔ bebeƒe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le eye womate ŋu agbugbɔ tsikpe aɖo tsikpe me o la, nyrɔ akpa si xɔ tsikpe la ɖe tsi si wodzra ɖo ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe didime sia me pɛpɛpɛ me hena miniti 15 va ɖo 30.
6. Tsɔ ŋutigbalẽ si fa la ta kple aŋe siwo me dɔlékui mele o eye nàkɔe ɖe dzi. Tsɔ gaze si me dɔlékui mele o bla asibidɛ alo afɔbidɛ siwo fa la dome, tsɔ aŋe siwo me meléna o si le ʋuʋu ɖi la asisi ɖe eŋu, do abɔa ɖe dzi ɖe dzia tame be wòaɖe ʋuʋudedi dzi akpɔtɔ, eye nàtsɔe ayi kɔdzi enumake.

Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe tsikpe ƒe nugbagbeŋutinunya: lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsikpe kple ʋukawo ƒe tsitretsitsi¶

Menye ŋutigbalẽ si fa miamiamia koe vuvɔ nye o; enye dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖo si sesẽ, si me akpa eve le, si me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu gblẽna tẽ eye ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi vivivi kplɔe ɖo.

flowchart TD
    A["Nusiwo me tsikpe mele o (-0.55 °C / 31 °F) ."] --> B["Ʋukawo ƒe Ʋukawo ƒe Tete Sesẽ"]
    B --> C["Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe Ice Crystal ƒe Ƒuƒoƒo"]
    C --> D["Osmotic Dehydration: Tsi Gblẽna le Lãmenugbagbeviwo Ŋu"]
    D --> E["Lãmenugbagbeviwo me Elektrolyte ƒe Aɖi & Lysis"]
    E --> F{"Ðe Dɔnɔ Ate Ŋu Aɖo Bebeƒe Afɔku Manɔmee Be Woagade tsikpe mea?"}
    F -- No --> G["Keep Frozen; Splint & Pad ƒe ʋuƒo; Miɖe Afɔ le Aƒea Me"]
    F -- Yes --> H["nyrɔe ɖe Tsi me le dzoxɔxɔ 37 °C va ɖo 40 °C (99 °F va ɖo 104 °F) me"]
    H --> I["Gbugbɔ do dzoe hena 15 va ɖo 30 Min Vaseɖe esime Distal Flushing"]
    I --> J["Loose Sterile Padding le Xexlẽdzesiwo Dome; Do Limb ɖe dzi"]
    J --> K["Kɔdzi Ʋuɖoɖo Kpata na Thrombolysis / Iloprost"]

Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu tsɔtsrɔ̃ tẽ¶

Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ɖiɖi wu amegbetɔ ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi ƒe tsikpe (-0.55 °C / 31.01 °F) la, tsikpe ƒe tsikpe si le tsikpe me la ʋuna:

Tsikpe ƒe kristalo ƒe nucleation dzea egɔme le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe tsi teƒe siwo me tsi si me wodea tsii ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le sue wu.

Ne tsi si le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo le tɔtrɔm zua tsikpe sesẽwo la, lãmenugbagbeviwo godo tsi si susɔ si womefa tsikpe o la va zua hyperosmolar.

Osmotic gradient wɔnuku sia hea tsi si nye tsi doa goe le lãmenugbagbevi siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ƒe eme to lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusiwo me, si wɔnɛ be tsi vɔna le lãmenugbagbeviwo me vevie.

Elektrolyte kple enzyme ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzina ɖe edzi va ɖoa aɖi, si gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋu, enaa proteinwo ƒe nɔnɔme trɔna, eye wògbãa lipid bilayer membranes.

Ne fafa le kabakaba alo tsikpe ƒe kristalowo wɔa nucleate tẽ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Tsikpe siawo siwo le ɖaɖɛ eye wole kekem ɖe enu la wɔa dɔ abe nusuekpɔmɔ̃ ene, eye wotsɔa mɔ̃ gbãa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ƒunukpeƒewo eye woɖea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusiwo ɖa tso ememe.

Microvascular thrombosis kple ʋudodo ake ƒe abixɔxɔ¶

Vuvɔ ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe akpa evelia dzɔna ne ʋu ƒe sisi dze agbagba be yeatrɔ ayi afisi vuvɔ gblẽ le:

Ne lãkusi siwo wofa tsikpe me gaxɔ dzo la, ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona kple ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona tsã la kekena. Gake vuvɔ gblẽ nu le ʋuka sue siawo ŋu vevie xoxo.

Lãmenugbagbevi siwo gblẽ le ʋukawo me vuvu, hea wo nɔewo, eye wofaa avi le ʋukawo me tsi yia ʋukawo dome, si wɔnɛ be teƒea ƒe ʋuʋu gã aɖe dona.

Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo kple ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo léna ɖe collagen si woɖe ɖe go ŋu le ʋuka siwo xɔ abi ƒe gliwo ŋu, eye wowɔa microvascular thrombi (ʋu ƒe sisi).

Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ siwo me ʋuʋudedi le xea mɔ na ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona, si nye nudzɔdzɔ si woyɔna be ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu. Ʋu ƒe sisi nu tsona, si wɔnɛ be ɔksidzin kple sukli meganɔa lãkusi siwo le anyime o togbɔ be wogade dzo abɔa me ake hã.

Le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me kple ʋukawo ƒe tsitretsitsi la, ʋudodo ake ɖea domenɔla siwo naa dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔlawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gã aɖe dona: arachidonic acid, thromboxane A2, prostaglandins, kple aɖi si wɔa dɔ le oxygen free radicals. Thromboxane A2 hea ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo sesẽ le teƒea kple ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu atraɖii vɛ, si kekea ischemic necrosis ɖe enu yia lãmeka kple ƒu me goglo.

Dɔdaƒe ƒe afɔɖeɖe: frostnip ƒe dzidzenu gbãtɔ va ɖo necrosis ƒe dzidzenu enelia¶

De dzesi alesi lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsikpe gogloe nyuie bia tso kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔwo dzi kpɔkpɔ, mɔkpɔkpɔ siwo wogblɔ ɖi, kple alesi wòahiã be woaɖe amewo le teƒea kpata. Atikewɔwɔ le atikewɔƒewo zãa dzidzenu ene ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔna tsã kple Cauchy ƒe ŋgɔdonya ƒe hatsotso ene ƒe ɖoɖo si wowɔ egbea tsɔ dea abi siwo woxɔna le vuvɔ me la hatsotsowo me.

Traditional Four-Degree Frostbite Staging:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st Degree (Frostnip):   Superficial; erythema, numbness; NO blisters or necrosis.
2nd Degree (Superficial): Clear bullae; partial dermal freeze; skin remains pliable.
3rd Degree (Deep):       Hemorrhagic (bloody) bullae; full-thickness dermal death.
4th Degree (Deep):       Muscle/bone frozen; mummification; dry gangrene; autoamputation.

Vuvɔ ƒe ƒoƒo le dzidzenu gbãtɔ nu (frostnip) .¶

Frostnip tsi tre ɖi na abi si le gotagome, si woate ŋu atrɔ le vuvɔ me, si se ɖe ŋutigbalẽa me ko:

Ŋutilãa dzena abe ɖe wòle ɣie, wòle abe aŋɔ ene, alo wòle dzo dam (dzẽ), eye eƒe lãme ʋuʋuna le teƒe ɖeka, eƒe ʋeʋẽ lilili, alo eƒe ʋeʋẽ lilili kpena ɖe eŋu.

Ne wokpɔe be lãkusi si le ete la gakpɔtɔ le fafɛ, te ŋu nɔa te ɖe enu, eye wòte ŋu bɔbɔna ɖe ƒu dzi bliboe.

Tsikpe ƒe kristalo dzɔna le ŋutigbalẽa ƒe gowo dzi alo le stratum corneum ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kuku siwo le gotagome wu la me ko.

Aɖuɖɔtoe aɖeke medzɔna o, eye lãkusi aɖeke hã mebuna tegbee o. Ne wonya gaxɔ dzo ko la, teƒea va zua hyperemic (biãna vevie), dzoxɔxɔ, eye wòvuvuna, eye wòtsia keŋkeŋ le ŋkeke geɖe me ne woɖee le gotagome si sɔ kple ŋdɔkutsu dzatsɛ.

Frostbite si le dzidzenu evelia (gotagome blibo si ƒe titrime dermal) .¶

Vuvɔ ƒe dzidzeme evelia bia be tsikpe naxɔ ŋutigbalẽ bliboa kple ŋutigbalẽa ƒe akpa siwo le etame:

Teƒe si dɔlélea le la fa miamiamia, eƒe lãme gbãna, eye wòsẽna ne woka asi eŋu, togbɔ be ƒunukpeƒe siwo goglo wu gakpɔtɔ le ʋuʋum hã.

Le gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo 24 me ne wogaxɔ dzo la, ʋuʋudedi gã siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu siwo yɔ fũ kple serous fluid si me kɔ, si ƒe amadede le abe gbe ene (bullae siwo me kɔ) dona.

Aɖuɖɔtoe siawo siwo me kɔ la ɖee fia be ʋuka siwo le ete la gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm ƒe akpa aɖe eye wole ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒom ɖe lãkusia te.

Aɖuɖɔtoe si me kɔ si gbã la ƒe gɔme dzena pink, tsi le eme, eye wòléa asikaka ame ŋu me ɖe asi. Zi geɖe la, vuvɔ si le dzidzenu evelia me hayana le kwasiɖa eve va ɖo ene me ne amekoko meɖea lãme nɛ boo o, togbɔ be dɔnɔwo kpea fu zi geɖe le vuvɔ ƒe seselelãme si gbɔ eme kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ʋuʋu ɣeyiɣi didi hã.

Vuvɔ ƒe dzidzenu etɔ̃lia (lãmeka goglowo ƒe tsikpe) .¶

Vuvɔ si le dzidzenu etɔ̃lia me tsi tre ɖi na ŋutigbalẽa kple ami si le ŋutigbalẽ te ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ bliboe:

Lãmetsi si xɔ dzo la sena le eɖokui me abe ati ene, sesẽ, eye meɖea asi le eŋu kura o. Ne ŋutigbalẽa fa zi gbãtɔ la, edzena abe ɖe wòle flitete ene, eƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, alo blɔ-fu.

Le gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 48 me la, ʋuʋudedi doviviti siwo me ʋu le dodom le siwo yɔ fũ kple tsi si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi alo ʋu.

Ʋu ƒe sisi nye dɔléle ƒe dzesi vɔ̃ɖi aɖe si ɖee fia be ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuka gogloa ƒe ʋukawo ƒo keŋkeŋ eye wògbã, eye ʋu le dodom le lãmeka kukuawo me.

Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ƒe ʋuʋudedi si gbã ƒe gɔme do viviti, eƒu, eye womesena le wo ɖokui me kura be woate ŋu adoe kpɔ be woatsɔ pinprick awɔe o. Abi siwo woxɔna le dzidzenu etɔ̃lia me gblẽa ƒu yibɔ sesẽ aɖe si le ɣie (eschar) si ƒoa xlãe le kwasiɖa geɖe me, si wɔnɛ be wòhiãna be woawɔ dɔ na ame alo atsɔ ŋutigbalẽa adoe.

Vuvɔ ƒe dzidzenu enelia (deep structure necrosis) .¶

Vuvɔ ƒe dzidzenu enelia lɔ tsikpe blibo kple ischemic necrosis si kekena to ŋutigbalẽ, ŋutigbalẽ te ami, lãmekawo ƒe ƒodo, lãkusiwo, ƒunukpeƒe, kple ƒu me ɖe eme:

Nuwuƒea nyea nu sesẽ si xɔ dzo, eye wòdzena abe tsikpe, sesẽ, si le abe kpe ene, si womate ŋu aʋuʋu alo age ɖe eme to nyaƒoɖeamenu me o.

Le dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ megbe la, lãkusia gakpɔtɔ nɔa fafam, ʋu menɔa eŋu o, eye wònyea cyanotic alo viviti si me fliwo le.

Zi geɖe la, ʋuʋudediwo menɔa anyi o alo wole sue ŋutɔ eye ʋu dona le woƒe akpa si te ɖe wo ŋu la ŋu, elabena ʋuka suesuesuewo gblẽna keŋkeŋ ale gbegbe be womate ŋu akɔ ʋumenugbagbeviɣi aɖeke atsɔ awɔ ʋuʋudedi me tsi o.

Le kwasiɖa geɖe me la, wotsɔa ame kukua ƒua du ƒuƒlu. Lãmetsi si zu yibɔ, si vuvu la wɔa lãgbalẽ sesẽ aɖe si wotsɔ ame kuku wɔe si de vovototo wo nɔewo me kɔte tso lãkusi gbagbe siwo le lãmesẽ me gbɔ, eye mlɔeba wowɔa dɔ nɛ alo wotsoa wo ɖokui le wo ɖokui si.

Tsi dzodzoe nyrɔ ɖe tsi me kabakaba ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi¶

Sikadzidzenu si wotsɔ ƒoa lãkusi siwo vuvɔ xɔ dzoe nyea dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ kabakaba le tsi dzodzoe ƒe tsilele me. Woto ɖoɖo sia vɛ to atikewɔnyawo ŋuti numekuku geɖe si asrafowo ƒe atikewɔƒewo kple Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) wɔ me, eye wòléa lãmenugbagbevi agbɔsɔsɔme si woate ŋu axɔ ɖe agbe la ta.

Dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ blewu (abe mɔɖeɖe na lãmenugbagbeviwo be woafa le xɔme ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nu ene) nana afɔku ƒe akpa si me tsikpe siwo le lãmenugbagbeviwo me la ƒuna hegbugbɔa tsikpe zua tsikpe la didi, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ dzina ɖe edzi ŋutɔ. Tsi me tsilele kabakaba ɖea tɔtrɔɣi sia si gblẽa nu la dzi kpɔtɔna.

Dzoxɔxɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ pɛpɛpɛ: 37 °C va ɖo 40 °C (99 °F va ɖo 104 °F)¶

Ele be woalé ŋku ɖe tsi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ŋu le dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ me kple dɔdamɔnu ƒe nyateƒetoto:

Atikewɔwɔ ƒe fesrea nye 37 °C va ɖo 40 °C (99 °F va ɖo 104 °F) pɛpɛpɛ. Le gbedadaƒo teƒe siwo dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu aɖeke mele o la, ele be tsi nase dzo ne woka asi abɔta si mexɔ abi o ŋu, si sɔ kple vidzĩ ƒe tsilele si me wofa tu le.

Mègawu 40 °C (104 °F) gbeɖe o. Lãmetsi siwo tsikpe xɔ la vuvu keŋkeŋ eye mete ŋu sea dzobibi gɔme o. Asi alo afɔ si xɔ dzo dede tsi si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ wu 40 °C me hea dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzobibi si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu vɛ eye protein si ƒoa ƒu ɖe tsikpe me la biãna ɖe abi si xɔ dzo le tsikpe me la tame.

Mègagaxɔ dzo le tsi si fa wu 37 °C (99 °F) me gbeɖe o, elabena dzoxɔxɔ si mede atikewɔwɔ o nana tsikpe ƒe kristalo ƒe anyinɔnɔ didi eye wòhea ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋudodo ake ɖe megbe.

+-----------------------------------------------------------+
|             WATER BATH REWARMING SPECIFICATIONS           |
|                                                           |
|  [.] TARGET TEMPERATURE: 37 °C to 40 °C (99 °F to 104 °F) |
|  [.] DURATION: 15 to 30 minutes continuous immersion      |
|  [.] ADD WARM WATER CONTINUOUSLY to maintain target range |
|  [.] AGITATE GENTLY; never rub tissue against basin walls |
|                                                           |
|  STOP IMMERSION WHEN:                                     |
|  - Distal skin turns soft and pliable to touch            |
|  - Red or purple flushing appears at tips of digits       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ƒe tsilele ƒe amewuwu¶

Wɔ ɖe dɔdamɔnu ƒe afɔɖeɖe siawo dzi ne èle tsi dzodzoe si gbugbɔa tsi dzodzoe wɔm:

1. De nugoe si ƒe lolome sɔ la nu. Zã nugoe, ze, alo tsigo dzadzɛ si lolo ale gbegbe be wòate ŋu axɔ nugbɔ si xɔ dzo la evɔ ŋutigbalẽa nagaka nugoa ƒe axawo alo ete o.
2. Tsɔ tsi tsaka vaseɖe dzoxɔxɔ si nèdi be yeaɖo. Tsɔ tsi dzodzoe kple tsi fafɛ tsaka vaseɖe esime dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu naɖo kpe dzoxɔxɔ si nye 38 °C (100.4 °F) dzi. Ne eli la, tsɔ adzalẽ si wua dɔlékuiwo alo chlorhexidine-tsi de tsia me be dɔlékuiwo ƒe abi ƒe agba dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ.
3. Ðe atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo kple atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo katã ɖa. Tsɔ asigɛ, asigɛ, alo sox siwo susɔ la ƒu gbe blewuu. Vuvu dzea egɔme enumake ne wogaxɔ dzo ake; ga ƒe asigɛ siwo wogblẽ ɖe asibidɛwo dzi awɔ dɔ abe tourniquet sesẽwo ene, si ana digital gangrene nava.
4. Tsɔ nugbɔ si xɔ dzo la nyrɔ ɖe eme. Tsɔ abɔ kple afɔ si ŋu dɔlélea le la nyrɔ ɖe tsia me keŋkeŋ. kpɔ egbɔ be afɔbidɛwo alo asibidɛwo le tsia dzi faa eye womegatsi tre ɖe ga sesẽ alo plastik si le zea gɔme ŋu o.
5. Lé ŋku ɖe tsi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ŋu ɣesiaɣi eye nàgbugbɔe ade eme. Lã si wotsɔ tsikpe wɔe la xɔa dzoxɔxɔ kabakaba, si wɔnɛ be tsi si le tsia me la fa miamiamia. Kpɔ tsi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ɖa le miniti atɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe me. Tsɔ tsi dzodzoe sue aɖewo de nugoa me le adzɔge tso dɔnɔa ƒe ŋutigbalẽ gbɔ, eye nànɔ tsia ƒom blewuu be dzoxɔxɔ nanɔ 37 °C va ɖo 40 °C dome.
6. Gbugbɔ do dzoe aɖabaƒoƒo 15 va ɖo 30. Yi edzi nànyrɔe vaseɖe esime xexlẽdzesiawo ƒe nugbɔ siwo le didiƒe nafa, woate ŋu abɔbɔ, eye woaɖe erythema (si ƒe amadede nye dzĩ alo aŋutiɖiɖi) ƒe dzesiwo afia. Mègawɔ tsilelea kpuie ne lãkusia gakpɔtɔ le sesẽm eye wòle ɣie o.
7. Ðee ɖa blewu eye nàtsɔ ya aƒu gbe. Kɔ eƒe nugbɔ le tsileƒea kple beléle si gbɔ eme. Mègatutu ŋutigbalẽa alo atutu eŋu kple afɔkpa gbeɖe o. Na abɔa naƒu le ya me alo nàtsɔ gaze siwo me dɔlékui mele o, siwo meléna ɖe nu ŋu o atutu tsi si le eme blewu.

Afɔku si le tsikpe me-gbugbɔ tsikpe me: nusita afɔ siwo xɔ dzo zɔna, afɔ siwo xɔ dzo la kuna¶

Gɔmeɖose siwo tsi tre ɖe nukpɔsusu ŋu wu eye wole vevie wu le vuvɔŋɔli ƒe atikewɔwɔ kpata me dometɔ ɖekae nye mɔxexe ɖe agblemenukuwo ƒe ƒuƒu nu ne woate ŋu agbugbɔ tsikpe aƒu gbe.

Didi kple xɔnamedɔwɔlawo kple gbedadaƒo ɖɔktawo doa go nɔnɔme wɔnublanuiwo enuenu siwo me eteƒekpɔla siwo si susu nyui le gbugbɔa dzo na zɔhɛ ƒe afɔ siwo xɔ dzo le agbadɔ alo snodzikpɔƒe me, gake wova kpɔnɛ be dɔnɔa megate ŋu zɔna o, womate ŋu atsɔ helikɔpta adzo le kplɔ̃ɖoƒea le yame ƒe nɔnɔme ta o, eye afɔ siwo fa la gadzea tsikpe sesĩe le azɔlizɔzɔ si kplɔe ɖo me.

Nu gbagbewo ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya si gblẽa nu le tsikpe gbugbɔgawɔ ŋu¶

Lãmetsi siwo fa tsikpe me gbugbɔgade tsikpe me gblẽa nu le xexeame katã:

Le tsikpe ƒe ɣeyiɣi gbãtɔ me la, tsikpe ƒe kristalowo dzɔna le lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe teƒewo koŋ. Lãmenugbagbevi aɖewo nɔa agbe, eye ʋukawo ƒe wɔwɔme ƒe blibonyenye gakpɔtɔ le eƒe akpa aɖe ta.

Ne abɔa ƒu la, ʋuʋudedi gã aɖe yɔa lãkusiawo me. Lãmenugbagbeviwo godo ƒe teƒewo kekena ɖe enu kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsi, eye ʋuka suewo kekena.

Ne abɔa tsi tsikpe zi evelia la, tsi gbogbo si le lãkusi siwo vuvu la me la wɔa tsikpe gã siwo me ʋuʋudedi le. Tsikpe siawo siwo le kekem ɖe enu la vuvu lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi ɖesiaɖe, wogbãa ʋuka siwo ʋu yeyee, eye wogbãa lãmekawo.

Gbugbɔgafa tsikpe me hea ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi blibo si womate ŋu atrɔ o vɛ. Dɔdaƒewo ƒe numekukuwo ɖo kpe edzi be lãmenugbagbevi siwo wotsɔ tsikpe gbugbɔgafa ƒe tsatsam la kpea fu 100 le alafa me ƒe titrime bliboa ƒe necrosis, si wɔnɛ be wòhiã be woawɔ dɔ gã aɖe na wo.

Initial Freeze: Extracellular ice forms; partial tissue survival possible.
      |
Rapid Thawing:  Tissues flood with fluid; capillaries reopen; massive edema.
      |
REFREEZING:     Massive ice shards shred engorged cells and crush microvessels.
      |
Result:         100% Full-Thickness Gangrene; Amputation Guaranteed.

Azɔlizɔzɔ le afɔ siwo xɔ dzo dzi ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi¶

Ne ame ɖeka aɖe si ƒe afɔwo xɔ dzo la tsi gbedadaƒo saɖeaga aɖe me, eye xɔnametɔwo mate ŋu aɖo teƒea o:

Ame ate ŋu azɔ afɔ siwo xɔ dzo keŋkeŋ dzi gaƒoƒo geɖe alo ŋkeke geɖe gɔ̃ hã hafi aɖo dedie. Togbɔ be azɔlizɔzɔ le afɔ siwo xɔ dzo dzi hea mɔ̃wo ƒe gbagbã suesuesuewo kple nuveviwɔame le gotagome vɛ hã la, lãmeka siwo katã bu la mede nu gbegblẽ si gblẽa nu le tsikpe ƒe tsikpe kple tsikpe gbugbɔgawɔ ƒe tsatsam ŋu kura o.

Mègaɖe dɔnɔa ƒe afɔkpawo ɖa o. Afɔkpa si xɔ dzo la wɔa dɔ abe aŋe sesẽ ene, si kpɔa afɔ si xɔ dzo la ta tso alesi wòaƒoe ƒuƒlu me.

Mègatsɔ dzoxɔxɔnu alo tsi dzodzoe asisi ɖe eŋu o. Na afɔa nafa vaseɖe esime dɔnɔa nanɔ ʋu si me dzoxɔxɔ le, kɔdzi, alo todzibeƒe si nɔa anyi ɖaa si me kakaɖedzi le be dzoxɔxɔ atraɖii la me.

Klɔ afɔkpaawo ƒe gota be mɔ̃wo nagaƒo wo nɔewo o, nàtsɔ todzizɔtiwo ana dɔnɔa nali ke, eye nàzɔ madzudzɔmadzudzɔe ayi mɔa ƒe ta alo teƒe si woɖea nu le si te ɖe eŋu wu.

Ne dɔnɔa nya ɖo bebeƒe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le be dzoxɔxɔ ayi edzi le ko la, wɔ tsi dzodzoe ƒe nyɔnyrɔ̃ kabakaba ƒe ɖoɖoa enumake.

Vevesese dzi kpɔkpɔ le ʋudodo ake me kple ʋuʋudedi dzi kpɔkpɔ¶

Dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ na abi si xɔ vuvɔ sesẽ la nye nuteƒekpɔkpɔ si me vevesese le ŋutɔ. Ne ʋu trɔna yia lãmeka siwo me ʋu sina tona kple lãkusiwo me la, dɔnɔwo ƒe lãme ʋãna vevie, woƒe dzoxɔxɔ, kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe seselelãme siwo wogblɔna zi geɖe be wose veve.

Vevesese dzi ɖuɖu nyuie kple beléle na aɖuɖɔtoewo nye nu vevi siwo woatsɔ akpɔ vevesese dzi kpɔkpɔ le tsi ƒe ƒoƒo vɔ megbe.

Atikewo ƒe vevesese dzi ɖuɖu¶

Ele be kpekpeɖeŋunala gbãtɔwo kple atikewɔlawo nakpɔ vevesese sesẽ do ŋgɔ eye woadze vevesesenutsitike ƒe ɖoɖowo gɔme kaba:

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) ye nye atike vevitɔ si wozãna tsɔ daa vuvɔ. Wolɔ̃a ibuprofen elabena ewɔa dɔ abe cyclooxygenase mɔa ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe mɔxenu sesẽ aɖe ene:

Ibuprofen xea mɔ na thromboxane A2 kple prostaglandins, siwo nye nugbagbeŋusẽ ƒe domenɔla siwo gbɔ ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo sesẽ, ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋuʋu, kple ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu tsona la ƒe wɔwɔme.

Do ibuprofen (zi geɖe la, 400 mg va ɖo 800 mg nono gaƒoƒo 8 ɖesiaɖe le ame tsitsiwo gome, le nutoa me ƒe atikewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo kple dɔnɔwo ƒe mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu nu).

Woate ŋu atsɔ acetaminophen (paracetamol) akpe ɖe eŋu hena vevesesenutsitike bubuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖekae le titina, eye woaɖɔli ibuprofen.

Le kɔdzi ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me wowɔa dɔ le me la, wobiaa vevesesenutsitike siwo nye opioid (morphine, fentanyl, alo hydromorphone) siwo wodona ɖe ʋuka me zi geɖe be woatsɔ aɖu vevesese sesẽ si dona tso ʋudodo ake me dzi le tsilele ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ ƒe akpa si le dɔ wɔm me.

Egbegbe ʋuʋudediwo dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Aɖuɖɔtoewo dzena le gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 24 me tso esime wogaxɔ dzo, eye wodzena abe bullae siwo me kɔ alo bullae siwo me ʋu dona le viviti ene. Aɖuɖɔtoe siawo dzi kpɔkpɔ nyuie xea mɔ na abi ƒe dɔlékui siwo xɔa ame me:

Gblẽ ʋuʋudedi siwo me kɔ la ɖi ɣesiaɣi si wòanya wɔ. stratum corneum kuku si wɔa dzobibi si me dɔlékui mele o, si me nugbagbeviwo le lae le xɔtaxɔ si me ʋuʋudedi le la me. Tsitsi ƒe nusiwo daa gbe le ame ŋu siwo doa ŋusẽ ŋutigbalẽa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbugbɔgadzɔ si le ete la le tsi si me kɔ si le ʋuʋudedi me.

Ne ʋuʋudedi gã aɖe si me kɔ la le teteɖeanyi sesẽ me eye wòle ŋɔdzi dom be yeagbã le etsɔtsɔ me la, atikewɔlawo ate ŋu azã aŋe si me dɔlékui mele o atsɔ aŋe tsia le nɔnɔme sesẽ siwo me dɔlékui mele o me, si ana ƒunukpeƒea ƒe ŋutigbalẽ nanɔ gbadzaa ɖe abi ƒe aba dzi.

Mègaɖe ʋu ƒe sisi (ʋu) ƒe ʋuʋudedi le agblea dzi alo aɖe tsi le wo me gbeɖe o. Ʋuʋudedi ƒe ʋuʋudediwo fia be ŋutigbalẽ ƒe kuku si titri bliboe. Ne woɖe xɔtaxɔ si me ʋuʋudedi le la ɖa la, enaa ŋutigbalẽa ƒe gɔme goglo si me ŋusẽ mele o, si me ʋu sina tona la dzena le dɔlékuiwo ƒe ɖiƒoƒo me tẽ, si trɔa abi si me ʋu sina tona si ƒu la wòzua gangrene si xɔa ame me, si xɔ dzo.

De aloe vera gel si wotsɔna ƒoa tsii ne eli. Aloe vera dzadzɛ nye nutoa me thromboxane mɔxenu nyui aɖe. Ne wozã aloe vera si wotsɔ dea ŋutigbalẽ si fa, si me gblẽ o la gaƒoƒo 6 ɖesiaɖe ɖea ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋu ƒe sisi dzi kpɔtɔna eye wònaa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ɖeɖekpɔkpɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme nyona ɖe edzi.

Tsɔ aŋekotoku gã siwo me dɔlékui mele o xatsa eƒe nugbɔa wòabɔbɔ. De gauze ƒuƒu ƒuƒu ɖekaɖeka siwo me dɔlékui mele o ɖe asibidɛ alo afɔbidɛ ɖesiaɖe dome be wòagaƒoe o, xatsa afɔ alo asi bliboa ɖe roller gauze si me fu le me, eye nàtsɔ aŋe si ƒe kpekpeme le bɔbɔe ana abɔa nagaʋuʋu o.

Dukɔwo dome vuvɔ ƒe atikewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo kple kɔdzi ƒe atikewɔwɔwo¶

Vuvɔ sesẽ dada yi ŋgɔ ŋutɔ le ƒe blaeve siwo va yi me. Fifia dzobibi ƒe dɔwɔƒe tɔxɛwo kple kɔdzi siwo xɔa abi le vuvɔ me zãa ʋukawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ deŋgɔ siwo xɔa abɔ kple afɔ siwo woɖo be woalã tsã.

Kɔdzi ƒe nudede nyawo me deŋgɔwo: ʋumenugbagbeviɣitikewo kple prostacyclin analogs¶

Ne dɔnɔ si vuvɔ sesẽ si nu sẽ ŋutɔ va ɖo kɔdzi tɔxɛ aɖe le gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 72 me tso esime wòxɔ abi la, wodzea atikewɔwɔ deŋgɔwo gɔme:

plasminogen activator (tPA) si wodona ɖe ʋuka me alo ʋukawo me. Ne angiography alo multi-spectral laser Doppler imaging ɖo kpe ʋu si mele sisim le dijitaal ʋuka siwo le didiƒe o dzi la, atikewɔlawo naa tPA si wotsɔ catheter yi ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona la me tẽ. tPA tsɔa ʋuka suesuesue siwo me ʋu sina tona la ƒua gbe, si nana ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona la gaɖoa ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona me eye wòɖea ʋukawo ɖeɖe ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ.

Prostacyclin ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ (Iloprost). Wozãnɛ geɖe le Europa kple Canada, eye FDA da asi ɖe edzi le United States, eye iloprost nye prostacyclin ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ si wowɔ si wodona to ʋuka me. Enaa ʋukawo kekena sesĩe, xea mɔ na ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, eye wòdzraa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gli siwo gblẽ ɖo, si wɔnɛ be xexlẽdzesiwo nɔa anyi vaseɖe gaƒoƒo 72 le dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ megbe.

Oxygen si me ʋu sina tona fũu akpa (HBOT). Le atikewɔƒe tiatia aɖewo la, dɔnɔwo xɔa ɔksidzin 100 le alafa me le xɔ si me yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ sɔ gbɔ ɖo si me nyaƒoɖeamenu le me le yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ 2.0 va ɖo 2.5 me. HBOT naa oxygen si me wodea tsii la yɔa ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona me fũ, enaa abi ƒe ƒuƒu kabakaba, eye wòɖea ʋu si wodona ake ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔtɔna.

Amekoko ƒe lãɖeɖe si tsi megbe (gɔmeɖose si nye be woalala). Egbegbe amekoko si wowɔna le vuvɔŋɔli ŋu léa se sesẽ aɖe si me woɖea asi le nu ŋu le la me ɖe asi: “Tsidzadza le January me, wotsoa lãme na ame le July me.” Woɖea mɔ na eschar kuku si ƒe amadede nye yibɔ be wòaƒu, awɔ mumm, eye wòade liƒo le dzɔdzɔme nu le ɣleti eve va ɖo ade me. Amekoko ƒe lãɖeɖe kaba ɖea lãmeka siwo dzena abe ɖe woku ene le gota gake wodzraa ʋuka siwo ate ŋu anɔ agbe, siwo gbugbɔna yeyee ɖo ɖe lãkusi siwo goglo wu me la ɖa.

Gbeadzi ʋuʋu, ʋuɖoɖo, kple vuvɔ si me tsikpe mele o ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe vovototowo¶

Ʋuɖoɖo dedie tso teƒe siwo fa miamiamia bia be woanɔ ŋudzɔ ɣesiaɣi ɖe nutome ƒe vlododo evelia ŋu.

Ʋuɖoɖo kple ʋuɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne wole dɔnɔa tsɔm yi atikewɔƒe la, ele be woawɔ nu ɖe ​​dɔnɔa ŋu le ŋutilã me tufafa gãtɔ kekeake:

Do eƒe nugbɔ siwo fa la ɖe dzi wu dzia ƒe kɔkɔme. Edema le tsidzadza megbe ɖoa eƒe kɔkɔƒe le gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 48 me. Ne wokɔ abɔa ɖe dzi la, eɖea ʋuka siwo le ʋukawo dome ƒe tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi kpɔtɔna, eɖea abi dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòɖea ʋuʋudedi sesẽa dzi kpɔtɔna.

Klɔ abɔ kple afɔa wòabɔbɔ. Zã SAM-ka si ŋu wofa nu ɖo alo ka sesẽ si wotsɔ blaa asibidɛ alo afɔkpodzia be wòagaʋuʋu o. Esia xea mɔ na ame ƒe ƒoƒo le eɖokui si alo ƒoƒo le vo me le ʋuɖoɖo me le anyigba si dzi ƒu kplakplakpla dzi.

Na dzoxɔxɔ nanɔ dɔnɔa ŋu eye tsi nanɔ eme. Do nu me tsi dzodzoe siwo me vivi le ne dɔnɔa ƒe susu le nu ŋu bliboe, le ŋudzɔ, eye wòte ŋu mia nu evɔ memiã o. Ƒo asa na caffeine, si nana ʋuka siwo le lãme na ame ƒe ʋuʋu.

Takpɔkpɔ tso convective cooling le dɔnɔdzikpɔʋuwo kple yameʋuwo me. Ya si ƒona le helikɔpta siwo me woɖea amewo le alo ʋu siwo tsɔa amewo yia teƒe bubuwo me ate ŋu ana lãmeka siwo wogbugbɔ xɔ dzo la nafa. kpɔ egbɔ be wotre dɔnɔa nu ɖe ​​akplo si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o me.

Post-Thaw Care Checklist:
- [ ] Extremity elevated strictly above heart level.
- [ ] Dry sterile gauze placed between each individual toe or finger.
- [ ] Bulky, loose outer dressing applied; NO tight circumferential tape.
- [ ] Limb immobilized with a padded splint to prevent movement trauma.
- [ ] Patient receiving oral ibuprofen for thromboxane inhibition.
- [ ] Whole-body warmth maintained; patient shielded from vehicle drafts.

Vovototo dede vuvɔŋɔli kple abi siwo vuvɔ mewɔna o dome¶

Zi geɖe la, kpekpeɖeŋunalawo tɔtɔa vuvɔŋɔli kple abi siwo me vuvɔ mewɔna o (NFCI), abe afɔ si woɖena le mɔa me (afɔ si wotsɔ nyrɔa tsii) kple afɔ si woyɔna be chilblains (pernio) ene:

Frostbite bia be dzoxɔxɔ si mede tsikpe o nu ŋutɔŋutɔ (si mede 0 °C / 32 °F o) eye wòlɔa tsikpe ƒe kristalo ŋutɔŋutɔ ƒe wɔwɔ ɖe lãmekawo me ɖe eme.

Trench foot dzɔna le dzoxɔxɔ si me tsi le, si me tsikpe mele o si tso 0 °C va ɖo 15 °C (32 °F va ɖo 59 °F) me le afɔkpa siwo me tsi le me ƒe ʋuʋu ɣeyiɣi didi le gaƒoƒo 12 alo ŋkeke geɖe me ta. Tsikpe ƒe kristalo aɖeke medzɔna o; abi la tso ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe ʋuʋu atraɖii, endothelial hypoxia, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ʋuʋu gbɔ.

Chilblains (pernio) tsi tre ɖi na ŋutigbalẽ ƒe abi siwo me ʋukawo me dɔdzẽ le siwo dzɔna le ya fafɛ si xɔ dzo le tsikpe dzi ƒe ƒoƒo kpata megbe, si dzena abe afɔbidɛ alo asibidɛ dzĩ alo aŋutiɖiɖi siwo le veve sem vevie ene.

Womeɖe mɔ ɖe tsi dzodzoe ƒe tsilele si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nye 40 °C (104 °F) zazã atsɔ ada afɔ si le do me ŋu o, elabena dzoxɔxɔ kabakaba nana ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe vevesese sesẽ gagblẽna ɖe edzi eye wònaa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbagbã dzina ɖe edzi. Ele be woagbugbɔ axɔ abi siwo me vuvɔ mele o vivivi le xɔme ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nu, aklɔ wo blewu kple dɔlékuiwutike, eye woaƒu wo nyuie.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Ðe wòle be matutu sno ɖe asibidɛ siwo vuvɔ xɔ la dzi be woaxɔ dzoa?¶

Ao, sno tutu ŋutigbalẽ si vuvɔ xɔ la nye glitoto si me afɔku le ŋutɔ elabena sno ƒoa nu eye wòfana ŋutɔ. Lãmetsi siwo meʋãna o tutu nana tsikpe ƒe kristalowo vuvu to lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi siwo le tsɛ me eye wòɖea ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo kpɔa ame ta la ɖa. Mègatutu ŋutigbalẽ si vuvɔ xɔ la, atutu eŋu, alo aƒoe gbeɖe o. Wɔ nu ɖe ​​lãkusia ŋu tufafa si gbɔ eme eye nàdo dzo nɛ le tsi dzodzoe si dzi wokpɔna me ko.

Nukae wòle be mawɔ ne eva hiã be amesi ŋu vuvɔ le nazɔ hafi aɖo xɔname gbɔ?¶

Ne ele be amesi ƒe afɔwo xɔ dzo nazɔ ayi dedie la, mègadze agbagba be yeafa woƒe afɔwo o. Azɔlizɔzɔ le afɔ siwo xɔ dzo dzi vea ame eye wòhea nuveviwɔame suesuesuewo vɛ, gake azɔlizɔzɔ le afɔ siwo xɔ dzo yeyee dzi gbãa ʋuka siwo vuvu, enaa vevesese sesẽ, eye wòhea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ si wua ame vɛ ne afɔawo gafa tsikpe le azɔlizɔzɔa me. Do afɔkpaawo, do go le tsikpe me, eye nàdze tsi dzodzoe gbugbɔgaxɔ gɔme ne èɖo xɔme bebeƒe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le gbɔ ko.

Dzoxɔxɔ kae tututu woatsɔ agbugbɔ dzoxɔxɔ ana vuvɔ le tsi me?¶

Ele be woalé tsi ƒe tsilelea me ɖe asi sesĩe le dzoxɔxɔ si nye 37 °C kple 40 °C (99 °F va ɖo 104 °F) dome. Tsi si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ wu 40 °C atɔ dzo lãmeka si le lãmetutudɔa me eye wòatɔ dzoe, gake tsi si fa wu 37 °C ya mafa lãmekaa kabakaba ale gbegbe be wòatɔ te lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsikpe ƒe kristalo ƒe gbegblẽ o. Tsɔ dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu lé ŋku ɖe tsia ŋu ɣesiaɣi, nàtsɔ tsi dzodzoe sue aɖe akpe ɖe eŋu be dzoxɔxɔ si sɔ nanɔ eme aɖabaƒoƒo 15 va ɖo 30.

Ðe wòle be maɖe ʋuʋudedi gã siwo me tsi yɔ fũu siwo dona le woƒe ƒoƒo vɔ megbea?¶

Ao, mègaɖe tsikpe ƒe ʋuʋudediwo le agblea dzi, aɖe tsi le wo me, alo aɖe wo ɖa o. Aɖuɖɔtoe siwo me kɔ siwo me gblẽ o wɔa dɔ abe nugbagbeviwo ƒe aŋekotoku siwo me dɔlékui mele o ene siwo kpɔa ŋutigbalẽ si mebɔ o si le ete la ta. Ʋuʋudedi siwo do viviti alo esiwo me ʋu le fia be lãkusiwo gblẽ eye mele be woaʋu wo gbeɖe o, elabena wo gbagbã nana dɔlékui sesẽwo gena ɖe lãkusi siwo me ŋusẽ mele o me eye wòhea dɔlékui sesẽwo vɛ le ŋutilã me.

Nukatae wokafu ibuprofen koŋ na vuvɔ?¶

Wokafu ibuprofen elabena enye atike si me steroid mele o si xea mɔ na thromboxane A2 kple prostaglandins ƒe wɔwɔ koŋ. Atike siawo nana ʋukawo me ʋuʋuna vevie eye ʋuka suesuesuewo ʋuna le lãkusi siwo wogbugbɔ xɔ dzo me. Ibuprofen nono kaba ɖea ʋuka suewo ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔtɔna, eɖea vevesese sesẽ si dona le ʋudodo ake me dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòkpena ɖe ame ŋu be woaɖe asibidɛ kple afɔbidɛ siwo ŋu woate ŋu awɔ nuvevii bɔbɔe.

Kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ¶

Nutoa me vuvɔ ƒe nuveviwɔame sesẽwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ bia hehe ŋutɔŋutɔ si wotu ɖe kpeɖodziwo dzi si yi ŋgɔ sasasã wu nukpɔsusu me sidzedze. De dzesi tɔtrɔ si menya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe o tso tsikpe si le gota gome yi tsikpe goglo dzi, tsilele ƒe dzoxɔxɔ gbugbɔgaxɔ kabakaba bibi, kple agbledeƒe ƒe aŋe si sɔ nana ate ŋu afia vovototo si le abɔ kple afɔ ƒe hayahaya blibo si wɔa dɔ kple lãɖeɖe si trɔa ame ƒe agbenɔnɔ dome.

Míele dzi dem ƒo na gota gome nuwɔna dodzidzɔnamelawo katã, dzomeŋɔli mɔzɔlawo, kple todzidelawo katã be woawu gbedadaƒo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ (WFA) alo kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ kple dzitodzito me gbɔgbɔ (CPR) ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ si ŋu woda asi ɖo nu. Dɔwɔƒe siwo wonya nyuie abe Amerikatɔwo ƒe Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, Canada ƒe Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, St John Ambulance, kple Britaintɔwo ƒe Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ ene naa hehe tɔxɛ le gbedadaƒo kple nutome ƒe nɔnɔme kpatawo ŋu. Ðaseɖigbalẽ nana wò kpɔa egbɔ be aɖaŋu ŋutɔŋutɔwo, seselelãme ƒe dziɖeɖi, kple atikewɔnyawo ŋuti sidzedze si hiã be nàtsɔ akpɔ vuvɔŋɔli kpatawo gbɔ dedie la le asiwò.

Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS, United States): Mɔfiame Siwo Ku Ðe Dɔdamɔnu Siwo Ku Ðe Mɔxexe Ðe Vuvɔ Nu Kple Edada Ŋu.
• Amerikatɔwo ƒe Dzobibi Habɔbɔ (ABA, United States): Mɔfiamewo le Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Nuveviwɔamewo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ le Dzobibi ƒe Dɔwɔƒe Tɔxɛwo.
• Canada ƒe Atikewɔlawo ƒe Habɔbɔ si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ (CAEP, Canada): Dzoxɔxɔ Sesẽwo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ le Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ.
• Britaintɔwo ƒe Todzimɔzɔzɔ ƒe Aɖaŋuɖoha (BMC, United Kingdom): Frostbite ƒe Dɔdaƒe ƒe Mɔfiamewo, Dzesidede Wo Ŋu, Kple Agbledelawo Dzikpɔkpɔ.
• Dukɔwo Dome Dɔwɔha si Kpɔa Todzi Atikewɔwɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ (ICAR-MEDCOM): Tsidzadza ƒe Atikewɔwɔ le Teƒea le Towo Xɔxɔ Me.
• Europa Dzogbewo ƒe Atikewɔlawo ƒe Habɔbɔ (EU): Abi Siwo Xɔa Abi le Vuvɔ me le Vovo me Kple Ʋudodo Gbugbɔgadodo ƒe Ðoɖowo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Hypothermia and frostbite emergency treatment
• Shock recognition and management in trauma
• Dzomeŋɔli ƒe ahomwo kple ahomya sesẽwo ƒe agbetsitsi ƒe ɖoɖowo
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu gbãtɔ kple dzobibi si me elektrikŋusẽ sesẽ le
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woxɔna kpata le dukɔwo nu