NVMe kgotsa SSD ka tshoganyetso e tsena mo mokgweng wa go buisa fela kgotsa e nyelela mo BIOS¶

Ho fapana le di-hard drive tse tlwaelehileng tse dikolohang tse fanang ka matsatsi a ho tobetsa ho utlwahalang kapa ho sila ditlhagiso pele di shwa, NVMe M.2 kapa SATA Solid-State Drive (SSD) ya sejwalejwale e hloleha ka tidimalo e feletseng kahare ho karolwana ya motsotswana. Motsotso o le mongwe seteishene sa gago sa tiro, laptop, kgotsa sefara e dira ka tlwaelo; motsotso o o latelang, Windows e latlhela WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR kgotsa CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED Sekerini sa Botala jwa Legodimo, Linux e tsenya gape karoganyo ya gago ya modi jaaka Read-Only file system (EROFS), kgotsa khomphutha ya gago e simolola gape ka tlhamalalo mo menyung o o senang sepe wa Thulaganyo ya UEFI/BIOS o o bontshang "Ga go Bonwe Sediriswa se se Simologang" kgotsa o o bontshang SSD ya gago ya 2-terabyte jaaka 0 MB setlhogo sa molaodi wa feketori (SM2262, PS5018-E18, MN-5236, kgotsa SATAFIRM S11).

Fa SSD e lotlela ka tshoganyetso mo Mokgwa wa go Buisa Fela wa Serweboleta (Critical Warning: 0x08) kgotsa e nyelela mo BIOS ya motherboard morago ga go tlhatloga ga maatla kgotsa go tlhatloga ga mogote, go simolola gape gangwe le gape, maiteko a CHKDSK, kgotsa motsotso o o tsayang nako e telele wa go tshuba maatla o ka senya ruri fensetere ya gago e e setseng go namola difaele tsa gago. Mo kgweetsong e e wetseng mo Mokgweng wa go Bala Fela wa Hardware, molaodi wa SSD o go naya mokoro wa tshoganyetso wa ka boomo, wa nako e le nngwe go kopolola tshedimosetso ya gago pele ga disele tsa yone tsa ka fa gare tsa Flash Translation Layer (FTL) kgotsa tsa NAND tse di tshwarang ditšhaba di latlhegelwa ke maatla mme di palelwa ke go simolola gape.

Kaedi eno e tlamela ka kgato ka kgato go tlhaola serweboleta le serweboleta se se theilweng mo Tlhalosong ya Motheo ya NVM Express (NVMe) (Karolo 5.14.1.2 SMART / Tsebe ya Pego ya Tshedimosetso ya Pholo 02h), Ditekanyetso tsa T13 ATA/ATAPI ACS-4, GNU ddrescue / nvme-cli diporothokholo tsa go tsaya ditshwantsho tsa forensiki, le maemo a go boela mo mannong a Lera la Thanolo ya Flash (FTL) la phaposi e e phepa.

Dira se jaanong¶

Fa e le gore NVMe kgotsa SATA SSD ya gago e sa tswa go lotlelwa mo mokgweng wa go Bala Fela, e latlhetse dinako tsa I/O, kgotsa e nyeletse mo BIOS ya gago:

1. FA SSD E LE MO MODENG WA GO BALA FELA GA JWALE MME E SANTSWE E BONALA MO OS YA GAGO: O SE KE WA REBOOT KGOTSA WA TWALA KHOMPHUTHA. Ono ke molao wa #1 wa botshelo kgotsa loso wa go namola NVMe SSD. Fa molaodi wa NVMe a seta serwethata sa gagwe Critical Warning bit to 0x08 (Selotlolo sa go Buisa Fela se se Fetofetogang/se se sa Fetofetseng ka gonne diboloko tse di leng teng tsa Spare di iteilwe 0%), tafole ya mmapa ya Flash Translation Layer (FTL) ya polatefomo ga jaana e laisitswe mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya DRAM e e sa tlhomamang ya SSD, e go letla go bala difaele tsa gago gone jaanong. Fa o ka simolola gape kgotsa wa tima PC, SSD e tshwanetse go leka go laisa gape le go tsenya firmware/FTL ya yone e e senyegileng go tswa mo dibolokong tsa flash tsa NAND tse di jegileng ka nako ya POST, mme mo maemong a a fetang diperesente di le 50, SSD e tla tlhoma ditena gotlhelele mo go simololeng gape goo mme ga e kitla e bonala mo BIOS gape. Tsenya USB hard drive ya kwa ntle gone jaanong fa motšhini o sa ntse o dira o bo o kopolola ditsholadifaele tsa gago tse di botlhokwa thata (Documents, Desktop, difaele tsa lekgetho/tsa semolao, dinepe, .ssh/dinotlolo) ka bonako. Fa go palelwa ga serweboleta go akaretsa tlamelo ya motlakase o o gogang kgotsa kotsi ya molelo wa motlakase, kgaola motlakase mme o letsetse nomoro ya tshoganyetso ya lefelo la lona (911 kwa United States le Canada, 112 go ralala Yunione ya Yuropa, 999 kwa United Kingdom) kgotsa tlhola . dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso.
2. O se ka wa dirisa Windows chkdsk /f, diskpart clean, fsck, kgotsa Thuso ya Ntlha ya Tiriso ya Diseke ya macOS. Fa SSD ya gago e le mo Mokgweng wa go Buisa Fela wa Serweboleta, ditaelo tsa go kwala di a ganwa mo maemong a molaodi wa silicon (Media is write-protected), mme fa SSD ya gago e le fela mo mokgweng wa Tsamaiso ya Tiriso ya go Buisa-Fela ka ntlha ya diboloko tse di sa siamang tsa NAND, go pateletsa . chkdsk kgotsa fsck go kwala go ralala ditsebe tse di palelwang go tla tsosa Letshogo la Molaodi wa SSD (Mokgwa o o Babalesegileng / Selotlolo sa BSY) ka bonako le le thibelang polatefomo mo metsotswaneng.
3. Fa Windows e gana go simolola ka gonne polatefomo ya NVMe e notletswe mo Mokgweng wa go Buisa Fela wa serweboleta (ka gonne Windows e tlhoka go kgona go kwala mo C:\ go simolola), simolola go tswa mo USB ya Linux Live ka bonako. Windows 10 le Windows 11 ga di kgone go fetsa go simolola go tswa mo polatefomong ya OS e e ganang ditaelo tsa go kwala (di tlhoma mo INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE kgotsa Go Baakanya ka Boitiriso). O se ka wa nna o simolola Windows gape. Simolola motšhini go tswa mo SystemRescue kgotsa USB ya Ubuntu Live, tsenya karolo ya NTFS/BitLocker o dirisa kernel e e tlhamaletseng ro,norecovery (bala-fela, ga go na go tshameka gape ga jenale) difolaga, mme o kopolole difaele tsa gago ka pabalesego.
4. Fa SSD e nyeletse gotlhelele mo UEFI/BIOS (kgotsa e bontsha 0 MB / SATAFIRM S11 / ROM Mode), tima khomphutha mme o tlhole go gotela go feta selekanyo ga mogote kgatlhanong le go sa tsamaisane ga FTL. Dikgweetso tsa PCIe Gen 4 le Gen 5 NVMe M.2 tse di lobelo lo lo kwa godimo di betsa dithemphoritšhara tsa molaodi tse di kwa godimo ga 85 didikirii tsa Celsius (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 185) fa sedirisiwa sa mogote se oma, Sekwahelo sa ho tima sa Mocheso moo se nyamelang beseng ya PCIe ho fihlela se tsidifaditswe ho fihlela themphereitjheng ya phaposing (Didikirii tsa Celsius tse 20 / Didikirii tsa Fahrenheit tse 68).
5. Thibela OS TRIM / Discard ka bonako fa o tsaya setshwantsho sa SSD e e senyegileng. Le ka motlha o se letle tsamaiso ya tiriso go ntsha lemorago TRIM (Dataset Management Deallocate) ditaelo fa a ntse a pholosa SSD e e palelwang.

flowchart TD
    A["Go Lemogilwe Mathata a NVMe M.2 kgotsa SATA SSD"] --> B{"Tota letshwao ke lefe gone jaanong?"}
    B -->|"1. Drive e a bonala, mme OS e re 'Disk e Sireleditswe ke go Kwala' kgotsa 'Tsamaiso ya Faele ya go Bala Fela'."| C["BOTLHOKWA: O SE KE wa simolola gape fa tshedimosetso e fitlhelega ga jaana; kopolola difaele tsa botlhokwa mo polatefomong ya USB ya kwa ntle ka bonako"]
    C --> D["Tlhatlhoba Pegelo ya SMART ya NVMe (`pegelo-e e botlhale ya nvme /dev/nvme0` kgotsa Tshedimosetso ya CrystalDisk): Tlhola `tlhagiso_e e botlhokwa` le `e e leng teng_e e setseng`"]
    D --> E{"A NVMe `tlhagiso_e e botlhokwa` e beilwe ka 0x08 (Selotlolo sa go Buisa Fela sa Serweboleta) KGOTSA Tsamaiso ya Faele ya OS e Tsentswe Gape?"}
    E -->|"Serwethata se se Buisiwang Fela (`0x08` / `Sepaere se se leng teng: 0%`)"| F["Windows ga e kitla e simolola go tswa mo disekeng ya RO: Simolola Linux Live USB, tsenya ka `-o ro, ga e kgone go boela gape`, mme o e kopise ka `ddrescue`"]
    E -->|"OS e e Bonolo e e Buisiwang Fela (`Ntlha e e Leswe` / Windows e e Simololang ka Bofefo / Boloko jo bo sa Siamang)"| G["Phimola Windows `dipharologantsho tsa diseke phimola go buisiwa fela` KGOTSA tsenya go buisiwa fela mo Linux le setshwantsho pele ga molaodi wa NAND a tshoga"]
    B -->|"2. SSD e ne ya nyelela ka tshoganyetso go tswa mo UEFI BIOS ('Ga go na Sediriswa se se Bootang') morago ga go thula kgotsa go latlhegelwa ke maatla"| H{"A ke SSD ya SATA kgotsa SSD ya NVMe M.2?"}
    H -->|"NVMe M.2 SSD"| I["1. Tsidifatsa metsotso e le 20 + fene ya tafole ya ntlha mo lefelong la M.2<br/>2. Seta gape mo selotlolong sa bobedi sa M.2 sa boto ya mme kgotsa mo lefelong la USB-go-NVMe<br/>3. Dira Agasešwa ya FTL ya Maatla Fela ya modikologo o le 1 (Ga go na go seta sešwa ga PCIe)"]
    H -->|"SATA ya diintšhe di le 2.5 / SSD ya M.2"| J["Tlhola gore a BIOS e bontsha leina la feketori le le tlwaelegileng (`SATAFIRM S11`, `SM2258AB`, `2.1 MB`)"]
    J -->|"E bontsha Leina la ROM ya Feketori kgotsa 0 MB"| K["EMISA: Firmware ya Molaodi / Setena sa Mofetoledi. Romela kwa laborathoring ka Ace Lab PC-3000 e e rwalegang III"]
    J -->|"Ga e bonale morago ga go latlhegelwa ke maatla ka tshoganyetso"| L["Diragatsa Modikologo wa go Aga Sešwa wa SATA FTL wa Metsotso e le 30 ya Maatla a Feela gangwe fela; fa e sa ntse e sa bonale, romela kwa laborathoring ya PC-3000"]

Tlhatlhobo ya Bolwetse: Go Ranola Tsebe ya Pegelo ya Pholo ya NVMe SMART 02h (Critical Warning dikarolwana)¶

Fa NVMe SSD e dira, ga o tlhoke go fopholetsa gore a bothata ke glitch e e bonolo ya kwadiso ya Windows kgotsa chip ya flash ya NAND e e swang. Mokgweetsi mongwe le mongwe wa NVMe o o kileng wa agiwa o dirisa Tsebe ya Pegelo ya Tshedimosetso ya Boitekanelo ya NVMe SMART / e e tlhomamisitsweng (Sesupo sa Pegelo 02h).

Mo Linux (kgotsa SystemRescue Live USB), dirisa taelo eno e le nngwe e e sa direng sepe, e e buisiwang fela (e tsaya metsotswana e le 0.01 mme ga e beye kgatelelo ya lefela mo diseleng tsa NAND):

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0

Leba ka bonako mo moleng wa ntlha wa dipholo, critical_warning, mme o e bapise le tafole ya semmuso ya NVM Express ya bitmask e e fa tlase:

Pina 1: Tsela ya go namola difaele tsotlhe mo SSD e e notletsweng mo Mokgweng wa go Bala Fela wa Serweboleta (0x08)¶

Ke ka ntlha yang fa khomphutha ya gago e gana ka tshoganyetso go tsena mo Windows 10, Windows 11, kgotsa macOS fa polatefomo ya gago ya NVMe e lotlela mo Mokgwa wa go Bala Fela wa Serweboleta (critical_warning: 0x08), mme ke eng fa drive e lebega e sa kgone go tsenngwa gotlhelele le fa o e tsenya mo khomphuteng e nngwe e le drive ya bobedi?

Serai sa "Go Tshameka Gape ga Jenale e e Leswe" (Ke ka ntlha yang fa Windows le Linux ya thulaganyetsoruri di gana go tsenya SSD e e Buisiwang Fela)¶

Fa SSD e wela ka tshoganyetso mo Mokgweng wa go Buisa Fela wa Hardware fa tsamaiso ya tiriso e ntse e dira, tsamaiso ya tiriso e a thubega fa e ntse e kwala, mme e tlogela Transaction Journal ya tsamaiso ya faele ($LogFile mo Windows NTFS, lekwalodikgang la Linux ext4/XFS, kgotsa lefelo la go tlhola ditshodi mo Apple APFS) e tshwailwe "Leswe" (Go Tswala go go sa Hlwekang).

1. Nako e e tlang fa o leka go simolola Windows kgotsa go tsenya SSD mo khomphuteng e nngwe ya Windows/Mac/Linux o bo o tobetsa aekhone ya polatefomo gabedi, tsamaiso ya tiriso e tla bona . "Dirty Journal" folaga mme e leka ka go itirisa go "Tshameka gape Jenale" ka go kwala ditirisano tse di sa wediwang gape mo disekeng pele e go letla go bona difaele tsa gago.
2. Ka gonne molaodi wa SSD o notletswe mo Mokgwa wa go Buisa Fela wa Serweboleta (0x08), serweboleta sa SSD se gana taelo eo ya go kwala ya go tshameka gape jenale ka I/O Write-Protect Error.
3. Tsamaiso ya tiriso e a tshoga, e emisa thaba gotlhelele, mme e go bolelela gore drive ga e balege, e senyegilwe, kgotsa ga e a simololwa, le fa diperesente di le 100 tsa difaele tsa gago di ntse di sa senyega mo ditšhiping tsa folashe.

Kgato ka kgato: Go tsenya SSD e e "Leswe" ya Serweboleta sa go Buisa Fela mo Linux (ro,norecovery)¶

Go tlola maiteko a go kwala a go tshameka gape ga jenale a a paletsweng a tsamaiso ya tiriso le go bala faele nngwe le nngwe mo SSD e e Buisiwang Fela ya Serweboleta, simolola go tswa mo Linux Live USB (e e tshwanang le SystemRescue kgotsa Ubuntu Live) kgotsa tsenya polatefomo ya NVMe mo faeleng ya USB-C motšhini o o tlhomameng mokgweetsi go tlhokomologa jenale e e leswe le go tsenya e e buisiwang fela (norecovery / noload):

1. Supa leina la karoganyo ya NVMe kgotsa SATA¶

lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,MODEL,RO /dev/nvme* /dev/sd*

2. Tlhopho ya ntlha (Safest): Setshwantsho sa karoganyo e e tala mo drive e e itekanetseng ya bekapo ka ddrescue¶

Pele esita le mounting tsamaiso ya faele, haeba o na le bophelo bo botle kwa ntle drive le lekaneng mahala sebaka mounted ka . /mnt/backup, dira kopi ya karoganyo e e tala boloko-ka-boloko (fa e sa le ddrescue e bala diboloko tse di tala ka tatelano kwantle ga go kgathala ka dijenale tsa tsamaiso ya difaele tse di leswe):

# Pass 1: Fast sequential clone of the read-only NVMe partition to an image file on your backup drive:
sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.img /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.map

# Pass 2: Retry any slow or degraded NAND blocks without kernel read-ahead cache:
sudo ddrescue -d -f -r 2 -b 4096 /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.img /mnt/backup/ssd_rescue.map

3. Tlhopho ya bobedi (Go Ntsha Faele ka Tlhamalalo): Tsenya SSD ya Hardware e e Buisiwang Fela ka tlhamalalo o dirisa . norecovery¶

Fa o se na polatefomo e e setseng e e lekaneng go ka tsaya setshwantsho se se tletseng sa disiki mme o tlhoka go kopolola ditsholadifaele tse di rileng ka tlhamalalo mo SSD e e notletsweng gone jaanong, tlhama ntlha ya go tlhoma (sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ro_ssd) mme o dirise taelo e e tlhomameng ya go se tshameke gape jenale ya go buisa fela ya tsamaiso ya gago ya difaele:

• Ya Karolo ya Windows NTFS (E e Tlwaelegileng, e e sa Patiwang):

  # Using the modern Linux kernel 'ntfs3' driver or 'ntfs-3g' with 'ro,norecover':
  sudo mount -t ntfs3 -o ro,norecover /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/ro_ssd
  # OR if using ntfs-3g:
  sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o ro,norecover /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/ro_ssd
  

• Ya Karolo ya NTFS e e Tsenngwang mo Windows BitLocker:

  # Unlock BitLocker in strict Read-Only mode using your 48-digit Recovery Key (via 'dislocker' or 'cryptsetup'):
  sudo mkdir -p /mnt/bitlocker_raw /mnt/ro_ssd
  sudo dislocker -r -V /dev/nvme0n1p3 -p123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456-123456 -- /mnt/bitlocker_raw
  sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o loop,ro,norecover /mnt/bitlocker_raw/dislocker-file /mnt/ro_ssd
  

  (Bona kaelo ya rona mo BitLocker, Polokelo ya Faele, le go busetsa tshedimosetso ya LUKS fa o tlhoka thuso ya go bona selotlolo sa gago sa BitLocker sa dinomoro di le 48).
• Ya Linux ext4 kgotsa XFS kgotsa Btrfs Karolo:

  # ext4 (uses 'noload' to skip journal replay on read-only hardware):
  sudo mount -t ext4 -o ro,noload /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  
  # XFS (uses 'ro,norecovery' to skip dirty log replay):
  sudo mount -t xfs -o ro,norecovery /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  
  # Btrfs (uses 'ro,norecovery,rescue=all' to mount degraded/dirty B-trees without writing):
  sudo mount -t btrfs -o ro,norecovery,rescue=all /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/ro_ssd
  

Go tweng fa SSD e SE mo Serwethateng 0x08 Lock, mme ke Windows fela e e tshwaileng "Buisa-Fela"?¶

Fa nvme smart-log / CrystalDiskInfo dipontsho critical_warning: 0x00 le Available Spare: 100%, serweboleta sa gago sa SSD se itekanetse mme Windows e seta fela Folaga ya Bolumu ya Serweboleta/Disiki ya go Bala Fela (gantsi morago ga go phatsima ga maatla kgotsa go thula ga go simolola gabedi). Phimola folaga ya serweboleta mo Taelong ya Motsamaisi wa Windows:

diskpart
DISKPART> list disk
DISKPART> select disk <X>
DISKPART> attributes disk clear readonly
DISKPART> select volume <Y>
DISKPART> attributes volume clear readonly
DISKPART> exit

Pina 2: Se o tshwanetseng go se dira fa NVMe kgotsa SATA SSD e nyelela mo UEFI / BIOS¶

Go tweng fa khomphutha ya gago e ne e ka gatsetsega, mme fa o ne o simolola gape mo botong ya mme Thulaganyo ya UEFI/BIOS (F2 kgotsa Del), lefelo la M.2 kgotsa kou ya SATA e re "Empty / Not Present", kgotsa e bontsha khoutu e e sa tlwaelegang ya molaodi wa kakaretso go na le leina la letshwaokgwebo la drive ya gago?

Kgato 1: Tlhola "Mokgwa wa ROM wa Feme / Mokgwa o o Babalesegileng" mosaeno wa molaodi¶

Leba ka kelotlhoko mogala o o bontshiwang mo lenaaneng la gago la Polokelo ya BIOS, Taolo ya Sediriswa sa Windows, kgotsa Linux . lspci / lsusb / dmesg dipholo. Fa sediriswa se sennye sa SSD se sa kgone go laisa serweboleta sa sone sa Flash Translation Layer (FTL) go tswa mo ditšhiping tsa NAND ka nako ya go tsenya maatla (ka ntlha ya diboloko tsa NAND tse di senyegileng mo lefelong la serweboleta), molaodi o wela gape mo serweboleteng sa sone sa ka fa gare sa silicon le bokgoni:

Kgato 2: Serweboleta se se babalesegileng sa 4 se namola fa polatefomo ya NVMe M.2 e sa bonale gotlhelele (Not Present)¶

Fa e le gore polatefomo ya gago ya NVMe ga e bonale gotlhelele mo BIOS, dira diteko tseno tse nnè tse di sa senyeng ka tatelano e e tlhomameng:

1. Teko 1: Go Seta gape ga Setswalo sa Mogote le go Tsidifatsa go go Dirang (Go Tsidifatsa ga Metsotso e le 20):
2. Tlosa thapo ya maatla a AC ya PC mo leboteng (kgotsa o tswale laptop gotlhelele) mme o tlogele motšhini o nne o sa dirisiwe gotlhelele ka metsotso e le 20 gore molaodi wa NVMe ASIC a tsidifale go fitlha go didikirii tsa Celsius di le 68 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 68).
3. Bula phanele e ka lehlakoreng la PC, supa fene e potlakileng ya lapeng ka kotloloho hodima thupa ya M.2 NVMe, mme o kenye matla ka kotloloho ho Linux Live USB. Fa e le gore PMIC (Power Management IC) e e sa direng sentle kgotsa molaodi yo o gotelang thata o ne a kgopisa go tima ga mogote ka didikirii tsa Celsius di le 85 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 185) ka nako ya go simolola, go thunya mowa o o tsididi go kgabaganya karata ya M.2 e e sa aparang kgapetsakgapetsa go dira gore molaodi a nne a tshela ka lobaka lo loleele go ddrescue difaele tsa gago tse di botlhokwa.
4. Teko 2: Sutisa Thupa ya NVMe M.2 mo Lefelong la NVMe la USB-C 10Gbps (RTL9210 / JMS583 Tsela ya go Kgabaganya Borogo):
5. Ke ka ntlha yang fa kgweetso ya NVMe e e lepeletsang BIOS ya motherboard ya gago mo sekirining sa letshwao gantsi e tlhoma le go bala mo teng ga ** $ 20 ya kwa ntle ya USB-C NVMe adaptara **?
6. Fa kgweetso ya NVMe e tsenngwa ka tlhamalalo mo selotlolong sa PCIe M.2 sa boto ya mme, BIOS ya UEFI ya boto ya mme e gapeletsa PCIe Link Training le NVMe Admin Queue nako e e gagametseng (gantsi ke metsotswana e le 1 go ya go e le 3 fela ka nako ya POST). Haeba SSD e senyehileng e nka metsotswana e 6 ho aha botjha tafole e senyehileng ya boloko ha e buletswe matla, BIOS ya motherboard e bolela hore PCIe slot e shwele mme e latlhela drive ka ho feletseng.
7. Go baya thupa ya NVMe mo teng ga lefelo le le kwa ntle la USB-C (le le tsamaisiwang ke Realtek RTL9210 kgotsa JMaikrone JMS583 USB-ho-NVMe borokho chip) decouples kganna ho tloha motherboard POST, phepelo hloekileng 3.3V matla pele, 'me e lumella u ho kenya thapo USB ka mathang Linux khomphuteng * ka mor'a hore * SSD e 'nile ea metsotsoana e 30 ho qala firmware lona.
8. *(Tlhotlhomiso ya Hardware e e Botlhokwa: Fa o tlosa thupa ya M.2, tlhatlhoba diphini tsa ntlha tsa kopore tsa gauta ka lebone mme o phepafatse oksijene epe ka bonolo ka bojalwa jwa isopropyl jwa 99%, mme o tlhatlhobe di-capacitor tse dinnye tsa beige tsa ceramic boalogodimo-thaba gaufi le diphini tsa M.2 tsa gauta tsa dark burn burn kgotsa * burn epe fela).
9. Teko 3: Thibela Mokgwa wa VMD / Intel RST RAID wa Boto ya Mme le Poloko ya Maatla ya PCIe ASPM:
10. Fa BIOS e seta sešwa beteri ya yone ya CMOS (kgotsa e tlhabolotse serweboleta sa yone) pele fela ga gore polatefomo ya gago ya NVMe e "nyamele," tsenya Thulaganyo ya BIOS o bo o tlhola dipeakanyo tse pedi:
    • Intel VMD (Sediriswa sa Taolo ya Bolumu) / Mokgwa wa SATA (RAID kgatlhanong le AHCI): Fa boto ya mme e fetoga fa gare ga RAID / Intel VMD ON le AHCI / NVMe Direct, tsamaiso ya tshebetso (kapa lenane la ho qala la BIOS) e tla hloleha ho bona drive ka potlako ho fihlela e behilwe mokgweng wa yona wa mantlha.
    • PCIe ASPM (Taolo ya Maatla a Naga e e Dirang): Mo di-laptop le di-desktop tse dintsi, molaodi wa NVMe yo o palelwang o a thula nako le nako fa motherboard e leka go latlhela drive mo seemong sa boroko jo bo tseneletseng PS3 / PS4 (APST). Mo Thulaganyong ya BIOS, seta PCIe ASPM = E thibetswe, mme fa o simolola Linux go namola polatefomo ya NVMe e e phatlogileng, tsenya paramente eno ya go simolola ya kernel mo menyung wa GRUB (tobetsa e at boot) go thibela Linux gore e se ka ya robala molaodi wa NVMe kgotsa ya felelwa ke nako ka bonako:

      nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 nvme_core.io_timeout=300 pcie_aspm=off
      

11. Teko 4: Modikologo wa go Aga Sešwa wa FTL o o Laolwang wa "Motlakase-Fela" (wa go Nyelela ga Motlakase ka Tshoganyetso Fela):
12. Haeba SATA SSD kapa khale NVMe SSD nyamela hang-hang ka mor'a ** tshohanyetso blackout kapa thata matla-time ** (mme e na le lefela 'meleng chesa matshwao), lona ka hare Flash Translation Layer jenale ka 'na ba khomaretse leka lemorago hlaphoheloa hore o fumana sitisoa metsotsoana e meng le e meng e 3 ha bus hao reset letshwao.
13. Tsela ya go tsamaisa Modikologo o le mongwe o o babalesegileng wa Maatla a Fela:
    • Bakeng sa SSD ya SATA ya disentimitara tse 2.5: Tlosa thapo e tshesane ya 7-pin Thapo ya Tshedimosetso ya SATA ka botlalo, o tlogele Thapo ya Maatla a SATA ya di-pin di le 15 fela e golagantswe.
    • Bakeng sa M.2 NVMe SSD: Kenya M.2 SSD ka lesakaneng la kantle la USB-C NVMe, mme o kenye thapo ya USB ka Tjhaja ya Fono ya Leboteng ya USB ya 5V (e fanang ka matla a hlwekileng a 5V/3.3V ntle le moamohedi wa data ya USB ya khomphutha e romelang ditaelo tsa ho seta botjha).
    • Tlogela SSD e tshubilwe mo seemong seno se se sa kgorelediweng sa maatla fela ka Metsotso e le 20 go ya go e le 30 (go boloka fene e foka mo godimo ga yone gore e nne e tsidifetse), o bo o ntsha maatla mo polakeng metsotswana e le 60, golaganya tshedimosetso gape, mme o tlhole gangwe mo Linux (lsblk / nvme list).
    • Molao wa Hard Stop: Fa drive e sa tlhagelele gape morago ga modikologo o le mongwe wa metsotso e le 20, EMISA KA BONAKO mme o e ntshe mo polakeng. Go tlogela SSD ya segompieno ya TLC/QLC e e nang le diboloko tse di maswe tsa NAND tse di tsenngwang maatla ka diura di le dintsi go tsosa Pokello ya Matlakala ya lemorago e e ka senyang ditsebe tse di ka busediwang.

Cleanroom SSD hlaphoheloa: Seo laboratori ya setsebi e ka se etsang ha DIY e ema¶

Fa SSD ya gago e bontsha 0 MB, SATAFIRM S11, SM2258AB, PS5018, kgotsa e nna e sule gotlhelele morago ga go e sutisetsa kwa lefelong le le kwa ntle la USB-C, ga go na sofotewere e e ka laisololwang mo Lefatsheng e e ka bonang polatefomo. Mo nakong eno, o tshwanetse go tlhopha laboratori e e kgethegileng ya go busetsa tshedimosetso e tota e nang le ** di-loader tsa serweboleta sa serweboleta ** (bogolo jang ** Ace Lab PC-3000 Portable III / PC-3000 SSD System **):

1. Paakanyo ya Capacitor e e Khutshwafaditsweng ya Boemo jwa Sekete / PMIC: Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le 20 tsa di-SSD tse di suleng gotlhelele di na le bothata jwa go khutshwafadiwa ga capacitor ya setlhotlhi sa seramiki sa disente di le 50 (VCC3V3 kgotsa VCCQ terene ya maatla) kgotsa chip e e fokisitsweng ya eFuse/PMIC gaufi le segokaganyi sa M.2. Motegeniki yo o dirisang maekerosekopo ya stereo o batla capacitor e e khutshwafaditsweng ka khamera e e mogote mme o e emisetsa mo metsotsong e le 15, o busetsa diperesente di le 100 tsa drive kwantle ga go ama ditšhipi tsa NAND.
2. ** Techno-Mode Bootloader Injection (PC-3000):** Ka go khutshwafatsa dipedi tse pedi tse dinnye tsa Mokgwa wa ROM / Boot Jumper mo PCB ya SSD ka nako ya go tsenya maatla, laboratori e pateletsa molaodi wa Phison, Silicon Motion, kgotsa Marvell go amogela sedirisiwa se se kgethegileng se se tsenngwang sa feketori se se tsenngwang mo sedirisweng se se kgethegileng se se tsenngwang sa SRAM. go aga sešwa Lera la Thanolo ya Flash (FTL) le le senyegileng mo RAM ya seteishene sa tiro gore makala otlhe a badirisi a kgone go tshwantshiwa ka phepafalo.

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Metswedi e tlhotlhomisitswe¶

• Kgwebo ya NVM Express: Tlhaloso ya Motheo ya NVM Express Rev. 2.0 (Karolo 5.14.1.2: SMART / Tsebe ya Pegelo ya Tshedimosetso ya Pholo 02h, Ditlhaloso tsa Bitmask tsa Tlhagiso e e Botlhokwa 0x01 ka 0x10, le Melao ya Phetogo ya Kopo ya Tiragalo e e sa Tshwanelang ya go Bala Fela).
• Ditokomane tsa Kernel ya Linux (kernel.org): Dipharametara tsa Mokgweetsi wa NVMe (nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0, nvme_core.io_timeout), NTFS3 / EXT4 / XFS / Btrfs Go Buisa-Fela Go sa Busediwe Jenale (ro,norecovery / ro,noload) Ditlhaloso tsa Thaba.
• Porojeke ya GNU / Motheo wa Serweboleta sa Mahala: GNU ddrescue Bukana: Ditshwantsho tse di sa Senyegeng tsa Boemo jwa Diboloko tsa Metswedi ya Dikgang e e Senyegileng ya Solid-State.
• Setheo sa Bosetšhaba sa Maemo le Thekenoloji (NIST, United States): Kgatiso e e Kgethegileng ya NIST 800-88 Rev. 1 & Dikaelo tsa Forensiki ya Dijithale ka ga Boitshwaro jwa Lera la Thanolo ya Flash ya Drive ya Boemo jo bo Thata (FTL).
• Didirisiwa tsa NVMe tsa Motswedi o o Buletsweng (linux-nvme/nvme-cli): Semmuso nvme-cli Telemetry le Maemo a go Tlhatlhoba Log ya Boitekanelo.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Go palelwa ga hard drive le go busetsa tshedimosetso ka tshoganyetso
• Phimolo ya faele ka phoso, polatefomo e e fometetsweng, le go busetsa senepe
• BitLocker, FileVault, le senotlolo sa go busetsa tshedimosetso ya LUKS
• NAS le RAID thulaganyo e senyegile, go palelwa ga go kgweetsa gantsintsi, le go boela ga ZFS/Btrfs
• Dibekapo tsa khomphiutha: leano la 3-2-1 le go boela mannong morago ga masetlapelo
• Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso tsa lefatshe lotlhe