Mongwe yo o Buang ka Baby Monitor ya Gago kgotsa Khamera e e Botlhale ya Tshireletso: Go Tswala ka Bonako le go Itlhaola mo Netewekeng¶

Go utlwa lentswe la motho yo o sa mo itseng a bua ka monithara wa lesea wa Wi-Fi wa ngwana wa gago (Nanit, Owlet, Eufy, VTech, Lollipop, Motorola), go lebelela motshameko wa mo teng ga ntlo Ring, Wyze, Arlo, Blink, Google Nest, kgotsa TP-Link Tapo lense ya khamera e e tsamayang ka enjene e dikologa mo phaposing ya gago ya borobalo ka boyone, e bona LED ya maemo a pududu/bohibidu ya khamera e bonesa ka 2:00 AM, kgotsa e fitlhela Ecobee / Nest themosetate e e botlhale e e tsenngwang mo didikiriing tsa Celsius di le 32 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 90) ke go tlhasela legae la gago ka tsela e e tshosang. Le fa go ntse jalo, ntle le fa motho yo o sa mo itseng a le kwa ntle ga dikgoro tsa gago, seno mo e ka nnang ka metlha ke go tsenelela ga akhaonto ya kwa marung e e kgakala kgotsa go fetisetsa kwa pele ga boemelakepe jwa router go na le motho yo o emeng kwa ntle ga fensetere ya gago. Diperesente di feta 90 tsa go tsewa ga dikhamera tsa lentswe ka ditsela tse pedi go direga ka nngwe ya ditsela tse pedi: (1) Go Tsenya Dintlha tsa Boitshupo ka Boitiriso (mo dikebekwa tsa inthanete di tsayang imeile ya bogologolo le nomoro ya sephiri e o e dirisitseng gape mo saeteng ya kgwebo e e thubegileng mme di e tsenya mo bot e e tsenang mo saeteng ya gago ya . Ring, Wyze, Nest, kgotsa app ya leru ya baby monitor go tswa kwa dikilometareng di le diketekete go tswa foo), kgotsa (2) Go Tsenngwa ga IP ya Selegae / UPnP Port Forwarding ka Tlhamalalo (mo khamera ya IP e e tlwaelegileng e e sa patchiwang kgotsa segatisi sa bidio sa neteweke NVR dirisitswe UPnP go bula boemakepe 554 RTSP, 80, kgotsa 8000 ka tlhamalalo mo inthaneteng ya botlhe mme e ne ya tsenngwa mo tshupaneng ke Shodan.io enjene ya patlo). Go bona go thatafatsa router ya mo gae ka bophara, leba gape go sireletsa diroutara tsa mo gae le didirisiwa tsa IoT; fa o belaela gore molekane wa gago wa pele kgotsa motlhokofatsi wa mo gae o laola dilotlolo le dipone tsa legae la gago lotlhe, bona go thuba mo gae go go botlhale, go tseela khamera ka dikgoka, le sedirisiwa sa go tlhola; kgotsa fa e le gore sediriswa sa gago sa polokelo sa NAS se thudilwe go bapa le dikhamera tsa gago, tlhola Go tswalwa ga NAS le UPnP kwa gae kgotsa kwa ofising e nnye. Fa o utlwa dikgato tsa mmele, o bona mongwe mo lefelong la gago, kgotsa o tshaba pabalesego ya mmele ya lelapa la gago ka bonako, leletsa nomoro ya tshoganyetso ya lefelo la lona (911 kwa United States le kwa Canada, . 112 go kgabaganya Yunione ya Yuropa, 999 kwa United Kingdom) ka yone nako eo kgotsa leba lenaane la rona la lefatshe lotlhe la dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso.

Dira se jaanong¶

1. Tlosa thapo ya motlakase mo polakeng go tswa kwa morago ga monithara wa lesea kgotsa khamera ya ka fa teng (mme o ntshe beteri epe ya bekapo ya ka fa gare) mo metsotswaneng e le 5:
2. O se ke wa senya nako o bula app ya fono ho tima khamera "Off" ka software - mohlaseli ya nang le taolo ya tsamaiso ya akhaonto ya maru a ka fetola software "Mokgwa wa Sephiri" hape ka motsotswana o le 1, mme dikhamera tse ding tse senyehileng di tswela pele ho phallela modumo esita le ha app e bontsha phepelo ya video e emisitswe. Goga polaka ya lebota la mmatota kgotsa thapo ya motlakase ya USB-C go tswa mo khamera ka bonako.
3. Tlhola khamera nngwe le nngwe e nngwe ya Wi-Fi ya ka fa teng mo diphaposing tsa gago tsa borobalo, mo ntlong ya bana, le mo mafelong a bonno mme o di ntshe mo polakeng le tsone. (Tlogela dikhamera tsa kwa ntle tsa tsela ya koloi/tshipi ya kgoro di tsentswe fela morago ga go tlhola gore a mongwe o kwa ntle ga ntlo ya gago.)
4. O SE KE wa tobetsa konopo ya pinhole ya "Factory Reset" ya serweboleta mo khamera kgotsa wa simolola gape router ya gago ya Wi-Fi:
5. Go tobetsa Factory Reset mo khamera kgotsa go ntsha router ya Wi-Fi ya gago mo polakeng go phimola dipego tsa RAM tse di sa tlhomamang (DHCP leases, UPnP port mappings, NAT connection tables, le dikotwana tsa tiragalo ya bosheng ya kwa marung) tse di bontshang aterese ya IP ya motlhasedi, setempe sa nako sa go tsena, le gore a motlhasedi o tsene ka akhaonto ya gago ya kwa marung kgotsa ka neteweke ya gago ya Wi-Fi ya lefelo leo.
6. Bula app ya selulafouno ya khamera ya gago (Ring, Wyze, Nanit, Eufy, Arlo, Nest / Google Home) mme o tseye dinepe tsa "Didirisiwa tse di Dumeletsweng / tse di Tsentsweng" le "Badirisi ba ba Abelanwang" PELE o di phimola:
7. Leba ka fa tlase ga Account Settings -> Authorized Client Devices / Login Activity / Shared Users. Tsaya setshwantsho sa sediriswa sengwe le sengwe (iPhone 15, Web Browser - Chrome on Windows, Android Emulator), lefelo, le setempe sa nako sa pegelo ya gago ya mapodise.
8. Ka bonako tobetsa Tlosa / Tswa mo Didirisiweng Tsotlhe, tlosa Badirisi ba ba Abelanwang / Baeng ba ba sa itsiweng, fetola nomoro ya sephiri ya akhaonto ya gago go nna nomoro ya sephiri e ntšha e e kgethegileng ya ditlhaka di le 16+, o bo o tobetsa Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) o dirisa Tiriswa ya Netefatso (o se ke wa romela SMS kgotsa imeile fa tiriswa e tshegediwa).
9. Tlhola gore a monithara wa gago wa ngwana tota ke monithara wa radio o o senang Wi-Fi (FHSS 2.4 GHz kgotsa DECT 900 MHz) fa e bapisiwa le Monitara wa Maru wa Wi-Fi:
10. Pharologano e e botlhokwa ya pabalesego ya mmele: Fa monithara wa gago wa ngwana a se na Wi-Fi le app ya smartphone (ke sekerini sa motsadi se se tshwerweng ka letsogo fela le yuniti ya khamera e e dirisang 2.4 GHz FHSS kgotsa radio ya analog), ga e ka ke ya thubiwa ka inthanete. Lentswe le le tlang ka monithara wa radio o o seng wa Wi-Fi le tswa mo gare ga dimitara di le 90 go ya go di le 300 (300 go ya go di le 1,000 feet) tsa legae la gago - e ka nna puo e e kgabaganyang ka phoso go tswa mo monithara/walkie-talkie wa lesea wa moagelani mo kanaleng e le nngwe ya makhubu, kgotsa motho yo o emeng kwa ntle le mofetisi wa radio. Fa lentswe le ne le bua le ngwana wa gago ka tlhamalalo mo monithareng wa radio o o senang Wi-Fi, lotlela dikgoro tsa gago mme o letsetse mapodisi a tshoganyetso (911 / 999 / 112) ka bonako.
11. Tsena mo Router ya gago ya Wi-Fi ya mo Gae (192.168.1.1 kgotsa 192.168.0.1) o bo o TIMA UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) mme o phimole sengwe le sengwe se se sa itsiweng Port Forwarding melao:
12. Dikhemera tsa P2P tse di tlhwatlhwatlase kgotsa tsa leibole e tshweu (VStarcam, Foscam, Tenvis, Hikvision, Dahua, CamHi) tiriso UPnP go phunya diphoro tse di bulegileng ka tidimalo (554, 80, 8000, 37777) mo leboteng la molelo la routara ya gago gore mongwe le mongwe a nne mo Shodan.io e ka leba le go bua ka khamera kwantle ga go tlhoka le nomoro ya sephiri sa gago sa Wi-Fi.
13. Sutisa dikhamera tsotlhe, dimonithara tsa masea, dithemosetate tse di botlhale, le dibui tse di botlhale mo Wi-Fi ya gago ya konokono ya mo gae mme o di tsenye mo lefelong le le kwa thoko Guest Wi-Fi Network (kgotsa e e ineetseng IoT VLAN ka Client Isolation e kgontshitswe):
14. Tota le fa polaka e e botlhale, roboto ya go ntsha leswe, kgotsa monithara wa lesea e ka nna le bothata jwa go tlhaselwa ke maru mo isagweng, go e kgaoganya mo Guest Wi-Fi VLAN go thibela sedirisiwa se se tsenngwang mo kotsing go sekaseka kgotsa go tlhasela di-laptop tsa gago tsa tiro, difouno, kgotsa polatefomo ya NAS ya mo gae.

Setlhare sa tshwetso: tsibogo ya ka bonako fa motho yo o sa mo itseng a bua ka kgotsa a tsamaisa khamera ya mo gae¶

Latela setlhare seno sa tshwetso mo metsotsong ya ntlha e le 2 ya tiragalo go sekaseka pabalesego ya mmele, go boloka bosupi, le go lotlela motsenagare:

flowchart TD
    Start["Lentswe la Moeng le Utlwiwa ka Baby Monitor / Khamera e e Botlhale, kgotsa Lense ya Khamera e e Tsamaisiwang ka Boyone"] --> UnplugNow["KGATO 1 (Metsotswana e le 0 go ya go e le 5): Ntsha Thapo ya Motlakase (le go Tlosa Beteri) mo Khamerang ka bonako"]

    UnplugNow --> MonitorType{"A Monitara Ono o Golagana le Tiriswa ya Wi-Fi / Smartphone, Kgotsa A ke Monitara wa Radio wa Selegae o o Kgethegileng (Ga go na Wi-Fi)?"}

    MonitorType -->|"Ga go na Wi-Fi / Ga go na Tiriswa (FHSS e e Kgethegileng ya 2.4 GHz kgotsa Sekerini sa Motsadi sa Analog)"| RadioAlert["TLHOKOMEDISO YA GO GAUFI: Letshwao le Simolotse mo Dimitara di le 90 go ya go di le 300 (Difutu di le 300 go ya go di le 1 000) tsa Legae la Gago"]
    RadioAlert --> TalkDirect{"A Lentswe le ne le Bua ka Tlhamalalo le Phaposi/Ngwana wa Gago, Kgotsa le Utlwala Jaaka Moagisani/CB Cross-Talk e e sa Rulaganngwang?"}
    TalkDirect -->|"O buile ka tlhamalalo / ka bosula"| CallPoliceNow["Lotlela Mabati le Difensetere ka bonako mme o Letse 911 / 999 / 112 go Tlhotlhomisa Mapodisi a a Kwa Ntle"]
    TalkDirect -->|"Moagisani ka Bokhutshwane / Puo e e Kgabaganyang ya Walkie-Talkie"| RePairChannel["Para gape Yuniti ya Motsadi le Khamera go Dikolosa Peo ya go Tlola ya FHSS kgotsa Fetolela go Monitara o o Patilweng wa DECT 6.0"]

    MonitorType -->|"Wi-Fi / Khamera ya Tiriswa ya kwa Marung (Mogala, Wyze, Nanit, Eufy, Sentlhaga, Arlo, RTSP e e Tlwaelegileng)"| CloudVsLocal{"Motho yo o Tsenelelang o ne a Fitlha Jang kwa Khamera?"}

    CloudVsLocal -->|"Vector A: Go Tsenya Boitshupo jwa Akhaonto ya kwa Marung (90% ya Dikgetsi tsa Ring / Wyze / Nest / Nanit)"| CloudLockdown["1. Setshwantsho sa Sekerini sa Didiriswa tse di Dumeletsweng le Hisitori ya Ditiragalo mo Tiriswa -> 2. Phimola Dithulaganyo Tsotlhe -> 3. Seta Sešwa Nomoro ya Sephiri + Kgontsha Setlhomamisi 2FA"]

    CloudVsLocal -->|"Vector B: UPnP / Boemakepe jwa Kwa Pele / Moela wa IP o o Tlhamaletseng wa Shodan (ONVIF / RTSP / Foscam / Hikvision e e Tlhamaletseng)"| RouterLockdown["1. Lenaneo la Router ya UPnP ya Setshwantsho sa Sekerini le Lenaneo la go Tsenya Pele kwa Port -> 2. Thibela UPnP le Phimola Diphetiso tsa Pele tsa Port -> 3. Thibela Phitlhelelo ya WAN ya Khamera mo Firewall"]

    CloudVsLocal -->|"Vector C: Molekane wa Pele / Moeng wa Nako e e Fetileng / Akhaonto ya Lelapa le le Kopanetsweng"| SharedLockdown["1. Boruni jwa 'Badirisi ba ba Kopanetsweng / Maloko a Lelapa' mo App -> 2. Fetola Wi-Fi SSID le Nomoro ya Sephiri ya WPA2/WPA3 -> 3. Seta Gape ya Feme & Bofa Khamera Gape mo Akhaontong e Ntšha"]

    CloudLockdown --> VLANIsolate["Kgato ya Bofelo: Tlhama Neteweke ya Wi-Fi ya Moeng / IoT e e Kgaogantsweng (Go Kgaoganngwa ga Tlelaente go BULEtswe) mme o Golaganye Gape Didirisiwa Tse di Botlhokwa Tse di Patched Fela"]
    RouterLockdown --> VLANIsolate
    SharedLockdown --> VLANIsolate

Kgato 1: Go sekaseka gore motlhasedi o tsene jang mo khamera ya gago kgotsa mo themosetateng¶

Pele ga o seta sengwe le sengwe sešwa sa feketori, tlhomamisa gore ke efe ya ditsela tse nne tsa go tsenelela e motlhasedi a e dirisitseng. Seno se go bolelela gore a motlhasedi o ne a kgona go dirisa app e le nngwe fela ya khamera ya kwa marung kgotsa a neteweke yotlhe ya gago ya Wi-Fi ya mo gae e tsentswe mo kotsing.

Kgato 2: Go Boloka Bosupi Pele ga O Seta Gape (Metsotso 2 go ya go 15)¶

Fa motho yo o sa mo itseng a ne a bua le ngwana wa gago, a tshwenya ba lelapa la gago kgotsa a tlhola phaposi ya borobalo, tiro eo ke tlolomolao ya go tsena mo khomphuteng le go mo latela. Ema metsotso e le 10 go tsaya dikarolo tseno tse nne tsa bosupi jwa dijithale pele ga o phimola kgotsa o phimola diakhaonto, ka gonne fa o setse o phimotse sediriswa mo tirisong ya gago ya kwa marung, gantsi disefara tsa kwa marung tsa morekisi di phimola dipego tsa ditiragalo tse di amanang le tsone le dikotwana tsa bidio ka bonako:

1. Laisolola Setshwantsho sa Vidio/Modumo go tswa mo Moleng wa Nako wa Leru la Khamera ka bonako:
2. Bontsi jwa dikhemera tse di dirang ka go tshikhinyega le tse di tswelelang go rekota (Ring, Nest Aware, Wyze Cam Plus, Nanit, Arlo, Eufy) e rekota se se buiwang ke sebui sa yone le tsela e phaposi e tsibogang ka yone fa go buiwa ka ditsela tse pedi (Live View) e a tsenngwa tirisong.
3. Bula molanako wa hisitori ya tiragalo mo app ya motsotso o o utlwileng lentswe ka one, laisolola .mp4 setshwantsho mo rolong ya khamera ya selegae ya founo ya gago, mme gape o rekote molanako wa tiragalo o o bontshang setempe sa nako se se tlhomameng (HH:MM:SS ka kgaolo ya nako).
4. Tsaya setshwantsho sa "Didirisiwa tse di Dumeletsweng" le lenaane la "Badirisi ba ba Abelanwang" la App ya Khamera:
5. Mo Ring: Menu (≡) -> Control Center -> Authorized Client Devices LE Shared Users.
6. Mo Wyze: Account -> Security -> Manage Devices / Two-Factor Authentication LE Account -> Sharing.
7. Mo Setlhageng sa Google / Legae la Google: Etela myaccount.google.com/device-activity mme o bule Google Home -> Settings -> Household.
8. Kwa Arlo: Settings -> Profile -> Login Settings -> Trusted Devices LE Settings -> Grant Access.
9. Boloka di-Router tsa gago tsa kwa gae System Log, DHCP Client Table, le UPnP Table:
10. Tsena mo segokaganong sa webo sa routara ya gago (http://192.168.1.1, http://192.168.0.1, kgotsa http://10.0.0.1).
11. Eya go Administration / System Log -> tobetsa Boloka / Romelantle Log (faele ena ya mongolo e rekota dikgokelo tsa WAN tse kenang, dikopo tsa ho etsa mmapa wa port ya UPnP, le diketsahalo tsa netefatso ya Wi-Fi MAC ya lehae).
12. Tsaya senepe sa DHCP Leases / Attached Devices lenaane (ka tlhamalalo go ela tlhoko aterese ya IP le MAC ya selegae ya monithara/khamera ya lesea) le UPnP / Port Forwarding tsebe.
13. Boloka Nomoro ya Tatelano ya Khamera ya Sebele, Aterese ya MAC, le Karata ya MicroSD:
14. Fa khemera e na le selotlolo sa karata ya MicroSD mo letlhakoreng kgotsa kwa tlase (Wyze, Eufy, Tapo, Reolink, Foscam), ntsha karata ya MicroSD fa khamera e sa tsenngwa mo polakeng o bo o relela sethibela-go kwala kgotsa o kopolole diteng tsa sone mo khomphuteng e e phepa - dikhamera di le dintsi di kwala tsa selegae . .mp4 dikarolo le tsa selegae syslog.txt diagnostics faele ka kotloloho ho karete SD esita le haeba mohlaseli hlakolwa leru sekotwana.

Kgato 3: Go Leleka Motlhasedi mo Diakhaontong tsa Gago tsa kwa Marung (Dikgato tsa Letshwaokgwebo ka Letshwaokgwebo)¶

Fa o sena go boloka dinepe tsa sekerini tsa didiriswa tse di sa letlelelweng, dira polao e e feletseng ya thulaganyo mo khamera ya gago, mo sebuing se se botlhale, le mo dipolatefomong tsa themosetate:

1. Amasoni Ring, Blink, le Echo / Alexa (Di-Hick tsa "Drop In" tsa Ditsela tse Pedi)¶

• Mo Tirisweng ya Ring:
• Bula Menu (≡) -> Control Center -> Authorized Client Devices -> tobetsa "Tlosa Didiriswa Tsotlhe".
• Konya Control Center -> Shared Users -> tlosa modirisi mongwe le mongwe yo o sa mo lemogeng.
• Konya Control Center -> Account Verification -> fetola Netefatso ya Dintlha tse Pedi go tswa go Mokwalo wa SMS go ya go Tiriswa ya Netefatso. 4.Konya Control Center -> Amazon Account Linking mme o tlhole gore a akhaonto ya Amazon e o sa e tlwaelang e golagantswe.
• Mo Tirisweng ya Amazon Alexa (Go botlhokwa fa lentswe le tlile ka Echo Dot / Pontsho ya Echo):
• "Ditsenelelo tsa lentswe la sebui se se botlhale" tse dintsi di diragala ka gonne leloko la lelapa, molekane wa pele, kgotsa motlhasedi a kgontshitse Alexa "Drop In" (e e fetolang sebui sa Echo go nna intercom ya ditsela tse pedi ka bonako kwantle ga ope mo phaposing yo o arabang).
• Bula Alexa App -> Didiriswa -> tlhopha sebui sa gago sa Echo -> Dipeakanyo (aekhone ya kere) -> Ditlhaeletsano -> Drop In -> e sete go Off (kgotsa My Household Only).
• Etela amazon.com -> Account & Lists -> Login & Security -> fetola nomoro ya gago ya sephiri mme o ye kwa Manage Your Content and Devices -> Devices go phimola go tsenngwa ga tiriswa epe e e sa itsiweng ya Echo, Fire, kgotsa Alexa.

2. Google Nest Dikhamera, Ditloloko tsa Kgoro, Hub Max, le Nest Thermostats¶

1. Ka gonne Nest e dirisa Akhaonto ya gago ya Google, khamera kgotsa themosetate ya Nest e e tserweng ka dikgoka e raya gore Akhaonto ya gago yotlhe ya Google e tsentswe mo kotsing.
2. Bula ka bonako myaccount.google.com/device-activity -> tswa mo khomphuteng nngwe le nngwe e o sa e tlwaelang, founo, kgotsa thulaganyo.
3. Bula myaccount.google.com/connections (Ditiriso le ditirelo tsa motho wa boraro) -> phimola borogo bongwe le bongwe jo bo sa itsiweng jwa legae le le botlhale kgotsa letshwao la OAuth.
4. Bula Google Home App -> Diseting -> Legae -> tlosa motho ope yo o sa tshwanelang go tlhola a kgona go tsena mo legaeng la gago, o bo o tlhola Settings -> Works with Google go golaganya dikopano tse di sa itsiweng.

3. Wyze, Eufy, Arlo, TP-Link Tapo, le Nanit / Owlet Dimonithara tsa Masea¶

1. Fetola nomoro ya sephiri sa akhaonto ka bonako go tswa mo app ya gago ya selulafouno.
2. Kgontsha Tiriswa ya Setlhomamiso (TOTP) Netefatso ya Mabaka a mabedi mo Account -> Security.
3. Botlhokwa jwa session-token quirk mo ditirisong tsa IoT tsa tekanyetso: Di-backend tse dingwe tse dinnye tsa go ela tlhoko lesea le tsa khamera ya IP di se ka tsa dira gore melatswana ya bidio ya WebRTC / RTSP e e dirang e se ka ya dira ka bonako fa o fetola nomoro ya gago ya sephiri o le esi.
4. Kafa o ka pateletsang go bolaya molapo o o dirang mo khamera epe ya maru: Morago ga go fetola nomoro ya gago ya sephiri le go kgontsha 2FA, phimola/tlosa khamera mo akhaontong ya gago mo teng ga tiriswa, tsenya khamera gape fa o ntse o tshwere konopo ya yone ya Factory Reset metsotswana e le 15, mme o e kopanye go tswa kwa tshimologong. Go kopanya gape go ntsha letshwao le lešwa la sediriswa sa cryptographic le selotlolo sa thulaganyo ya P2P UID, go kgaola ruri molapo ope o o sa ntseng o le teng.

4. Ecobee, Honeywell Home (Resideo), le Dithemosetate tse di Botlhale¶

Fa themperetšha ya themosetate ya gago e fetoga ka boyone kgotsa e bontsha melaetsa e e sa tlwaelegang: 1. Sa ntlha tlhola gore a setlamo sa gago sa motlakase se go kwadisitse mo thulaganyong e e itirisang ya Tsibogelo ya Ditlhokego / Peak Saver (Eco+ mo Ecobee kgotsa Seasonal Savings mo Nest) - ditirelo di ka fetola dithemphoritšhara go tswa kgakala ka didikirii tsa Celsius di le 2 go ya go di le 3 (didikirii di le 3 go ya go di le 5 tsa Fahrenheit) ka nako ya ditlhora tsa keriti ntle le fa di thibetswe. 2. Fa themosetate e ne e tsentswe mo mogoteng/serameng se se feteletseng (32°C / 90°F kgotsa 10°C / 50°F) kgotsa e notletswe ka PIN ke motlhasedi: goga sefatlhego sa themosetate ka tlhamalalo mo leboteng (se se kgaolang 24V ya sone R/C thapo ya motlakase mme e emise onto/AC ka bonako), seta sešwa nomoro ya gago ya sephiri sa kwa marung, phimola dikopano tsa API tsa motho yo mongwe (HomeKit, SmartThings, IFTTT), mme o beye PIN ya Taolo ya Phitlhelelo ya dinomoro di le 4 mo yuniting ya themosetate pele o e tshwara gape mo leboteng.

Kgato 4: Go Lotlela Routara ya Gago ya Gae le go Tlhama VLAN ya Moeng ya IoT e e Kgaoganeng¶

Le fa disefara tsa kwa marung tsa morekisi di sireletsegile, khamera kgotsa monithara wa lesea o o ntseng mo foleteng e le nngwe 192.168.1.x Wi-Fi marangrang e le dilepothopo tsa hao tsa botho le difono ke kotsi e kgolo ya tshireletso. Latela dikgato tse tlhano tse go thatafatsa neteweke ya gago ya mo gae mo metsotsong e le 15:

Kgato 1: Thibela UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) Ruri¶

1. Tsena mo tsebeng ya botsamaisi jwa routara ya gago (192.168.1.1 / 192.168.0.1 kgotsa ka app ya gago ya mesh router jaaka Eero, Google Nest Wifi, TP-Link Deco, Netgear Orbi, UniFi, ASUS).
2. Tsamaela kwa Advanced -> NAT Forwarding / WAN -> UPnP.
3. Fetola UPnP go OFF (E thibetswe) o bo o tobetsa Dirisa / Boloka.
4. Goreng seno se le botlhokwa: Ka UPnP timilwe, ga go na khamera epe ya boferefere, TV e e botlhale, kgotsa drive ya NAS mo teng ga ntlo ya gago e e kileng ya letlelelwa go kopa router go bula port e e tsenang go tswa mo inthaneteng ya botlhe ka fa morago ga mokwatla wa gago.
5. Tlhola Port Forwarding / Virtual Servers le DMZ: Netefatsa gore tafole ya Port Forwarding ga e na sepe gotlhelele (ntle le fa o dirisa sefara e e itlhometseng ka boomo e o e tlhaloganyang) le gore DMZ e thibetswe.

Kgato 2: Tlhola Aterese ya Gago ya IP ya Botlhe mo Shodan.io¶

A o batla go itse mo metsotswaneng e le 10 gore a router ya gago ya mo gae e ne e senola khamera epe, monithara wa lesea, segatisi, kgotsa port ya NAS mo inthaneteng ya botlhe? 1. Etela whatismyipaddress.com kgotsa ifconfig.me go tswa mo Wi-Fi ya gago ya mo gae go kopolola aterese ya gago ya botlhe ya IPv4 (ka sekai, 203.0.113.45). 2. Eya go https://www.shodan.io mme o batle aterese ya gago ya IP ya botlhe (203.0.113.45). 3. Fa Shodan a re "No information available" / 404, firewall ya router ya gago e utswa di-port tsotlhe sentle. Fa Shodan e kwala lenaane la dikou tse di bulegileng (80, 443, 554 RTSP, 1935 RTMP, 8000, 8080, 37777), router ya gago e ne e tsenya didirisiwa mo inthaneteng ka tlhamalalo - go thibela UPnP, go phimola Diphetiso tsa Boemakepe, le go tima OFF Remote Web Management (WAN Admin) mo router ya gago e tswala di-port tseo ka bonako.

Kgato 3: Sutisa Dikhamera Tsotlhe, Di-Baby Monitor, le Didirisiwa Tse di Botlhale mo Lefelong le le Kgaoganeng Guest Wi-Fi (kgotsa IoT VLAN)¶

Ga o tlhoke lebota la molelo la kgwebo le le turang go tlhama karoganyo ya neteweke. Diperesente di le 99 tsa di-router tsa Wi-Fi tsa badirisi le ditsamaiso tsa mesh (Eero, Netgear, ASUS, TP-Link, ISP gateways) di na le karolo e e ageletsweng ya "Neteweke ya Wi-Fi ya Baeng" e e dirang jaaka VLAN e e kgaoganeng: 1. Mo diseting tsa routara ya gago, kgontsha Neteweke ya Wi-Fi ya Moeng ya 2.4 GHz (e neye leina le le kgethegileng jaaka Home_IoT_24 le ditlhaka di le 16 tse di nonofileng WPA2/WPA3 phasewete e fapaneng ka ho feletseng le phasewete ya hao e ka sehloohong ya Wi-Fi). 2. Netefatsa lebokoso la go tlhopha le le kwadilweng "Letla baeng go bonana le go fitlhelela neteweke ya me ya selegae" (Local Network Access / Intranet Access) ga e a TLHOTLHOMISIWA (E thibetswe) - gantsi e bidiwa AP Client Isolation. 3. Seta sešwa monithara wa gago wa lesea, dikhamera tse di botlhale, dipolaka tse di botlhale, roboto ya go ntsha leswe, le themosetate e e botlhale, mme o di golaganye fela le Guest / IoT Wi-Fi neteweke. 4. Boloka di-laptop tsa gago, di-PC tsa desekethopo, di-smartphone, di-tablet, le polokelo ya NAS mo Neteweke ya gago e Kgolo ya Wi-Fi. Jaanong, le fa sedirisiwa sa IoT se se tlhwatlhwatlase se na le backdoor ya firmware ya letsatsi la lefela, se tshwaregile mo thaneleng ya sandbox e e kgonang go bua fela le inthanete mme ga e kake ya bona kgotsa ya tlhasela dikhomphutara tsa gago.

Kgato 4: Ya Dikhamera tsa IP tse di Tlwaelegileng / tse di senang Leina (ONVIF / RTSP), Thibela Inthanete ya Bone (WAN) Phitlhelelo ka botlalo¶

Fa o dirisa selegae RTSP / ONVIF dikhamera tse di nang le Home Assistant, Frigate, Scrypted, Blue Iris, kgotsa Synology Surveillance Station, dikhamera tseo ga di tlhoke go dirisa inthanete gotlhelele: - Mo tsebeng ya Firewall / Ditaolo tsa Batsadi / Go Tlhotlha MAC ya router ya gago, abela khamera aterese ya IP ya DHCP e e sa fetogeng mme o tlhole "Thibela Phitlhelelo ya Inthanete (Thibela WAN)" ya aterese ya MAC ya khamera eo. Khamera e santse e ka elela bidio ya tlhaloso e e kwa godimo mo lefelong la gaeno go ya kwa hub ya gago ya gae ka neteweke ya gago ya gae, fa go ntse go sa kgonege ka diperesente di le 100 mo mmeleng gore ope yo o kwa ntle ga legae la gago a fitlhelele khamera kgotsa gore khamera e founele kwa gae go ya kwa disefareng tsa P2P tsa kwa moseja.

Kgato 5: Go Thatafatsa Sephiri sa Diphaposi tsa Bana le tsa Borobalo¶

Ga go na lebota la molelo la sofotewere le le ikanyegang jaaka fisikisi ya mmele. Dirisa melao e mene eno ya khamera epe fela e e mo teng ga ntlo:

• Le ka motlha o se ke wa baya khamera ya Wi-Fi e e golagantsweng le maru mo teng ga phaposi ya borobalo ya bagolo kgotsa ntlwana ya botlhapelo, mme o supe dimonithara tsa masea a tlhokomelo FELA kwa setulong: Angle monithara wa ntlwana ya bana go ya kwa tlase gore fela bokagare jwa setulo sa bana bo nne mo foreimeng - le ka motlha tafole ya go fetola, setulo sa booki, kgotsa kgoro ya phaposi ya borobalo.
• Fetogela kwa Loop e e Tswaletsweng e e seng ya Wi-Fi DECT 6.0 kgotsa Dijithale FHSS Monitara wa Masea wa Botlhokomedi: Dimonithara tsa bidio tsa radio ya selegae (tse di jaaka Infant Optics DXR-8 Pro, Eufy SpaceView mokgwa wa selegae, VTech non-Wi-Fi, kgotsa Babysense) di na le tšhipi ya Wi-Fi ya lefela, akhaonto ya leru ya lefela, le kgolagano ya inthanete ya lefela. Ka gonne ga di golagane le router ya gago kgotsa inthanete, ga go na motlhasedi ope mo toropong e nngwe kgotsa mo nageng e nngwe yo o ka di tsayang dilo tsa boitshupo kgotsa a di tsaya ka dikgoka.
• Dirisa Kepisi ya Lense ya Sebele kgotsa Thulaganyo ya Maatla ya Polaka e e Botlhale mo Dikhamera tsa Phaposi ya Bonno ya mo Ntlong: Tsenya dikhamera tsa diruiwa tsa mo gae kgotsa tsa mo phaposing ya bonno mo sebalanakong se se bonolo sa motšhini kgotsa mo polakeng e e botlhale go tswa go morekisi yo o fapaneng gore maatla a kgaolwe mo khamera nako le nako fa o le kwa gae, kgotsa reka dikhamera tse di nang le shatara ya serweboleta sa motšhini e e thibelang lense ka mmele le go kgaola sekete sa maekerofouno fa e tswetswe.
• Tlogela LED ya Seemo sa Khamera (Blue / Red Recording Light) E kgontshitswe: Batlhasedi ba le bantsi ba tsena ka bonako mo diseting tsa khamera ba bo ba fetola Status LED = OFF ka jalo ga o kitla o lemoga fa di golagana go lebelela Live View. Hlahloba dipehelo tsa app ya khamera ya hao mme o boloke LED ya sesupo sa boemo ba ho rekota e BULEtswe ON, mme o koahele lesoba la pin hole ya maekerofouno ka theipi e teteaneng ya motlakase haeba o sa ke o sebedisa modumo wa ditsela tse pedi.

Dinomoro tsa maemo a tshoganyetso tsa kgaolo le diporothokholo tsa boemedi¶

Go tsena mo khamera ya tshireletso ya mo gae kgotsa mo monithara wa lesea kwantle ga tetla ke tlolomolao e e masisi ya go tsena mo khomphuteng le go leba motho. E bege ka bonako:

• Dinaga tse di Kopaneng: Letsa 911 fa o belaela gore motsenagare o gaufi le legae la gago. Tsenya pegelo kwa FBI IC3 (ic3.gov) go akaretsa le dinepe tsa sekerini tsa go tsena go go sa letlelelweng, aterese ya IP, le setempe sa nako (18 U.S.C. § 1030 CFAA le 18 U.S.C. § 2261A), le go bega serwethata sa IoT se se sa sireletsegang kwa FTC (ReportFraud.ftc.gov).
• Kanada: Daela 911, tsenya ngongorego kwa mapodising ka fa tlase ga Dikarolo 342.1 le 162 (Go Leba) tsa Molao wa Bosenyi wa Canada, mme o itsise Setheo sa Canada sa Tshireletsego ya Inthanete (cyber.gc.ca).
• Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng: Daela 999 (kgotsa 101 go mapodisi a e seng a tshoganyetso) le go bega phitlhelelo e e sa letlelelweng ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Tiriso e e sa Siamang ya Khomphiutha wa 1990 go Tsietso ya Kgato (0300 123 2040 / actionfraud.police.uk).
• Kopano ya Yuropa: Daela 112 go ralala dinaga tsotlhe tse di leng ditokololo tsa EU le go tlhatlhela ngongorego ya bosenyi kwa mapodising a bosetšhaba a bosenyi jwa inthanete.
• Australia le New Zealand: Daela 000 kwa Australia kgotsa 111 kwa New Zealand; begela ACSC (cyber.gov.au / 1300 292 371) kgotsa SETIFIKEITI NZ (0800 237 869).
• India le Asia-Pacific: Daela 112 go tsibogela maemo a tshoganyetso kgotsa 1930 (cybercrime.gov.in) go bega phitlhelelo ya khamera e e sa letlelelweng ka fa tlase ga Dikarolo 66 le 66E tsa Molao wa Thekenoloji ya Tshedimosetso, 2000.

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Nka bona jang gore a motho yo o buileng ka khamera ya me ke motlhasedi wa inthanete yo o sa rulaganngwang kgatlhanong le motho yo o lebileng ntlo ya me ka tlhamalalo?¶

Tlhola dilo tse pedi: (1) A o dirisitse gape imeile ya akhaonto ya gago ya khamera le nomoro ya sephiri mo diwebosaeteng tse dingwe kwantle ga go kgontsha Netefatso ya Mabaka a mabedi (`2FA`)? Le (2) lentswe le rileng? Mo diperesenteng di feta 90 tsa dikgetsi tse mo go tsone motho yo o sa mo itseng a goang mafoko a a sa siamang, a tshamekang mmino, kgotsa a ipolela gore ke "Santa Claus" kgotsa ke motseneledi ka . Mogala, Wyze, kgotsa Sentlhaga khamera, ke tlhaselo ya tšhono ya go tlatsa makwaloitshupo: di-bot tse di itirisang di ne tsa leka dimilionemilione tsa dipara tsa imeile/di-password tse di dutletsweng go tswa mo go thubeng tshedimosetso ya bogologolo (`haveibeenpwned.com`), o fitlhetse gore nomoro ya gago ya sephiri e ne e dira mo Ring/Wyze, le di-troll mo foramong ya inthanete kgotsa mo sefareng ya Discord tse di golagantsweng le dikhamera di le dintsi tse di sa rulaganngwang ka nako e le nngwe fela o sa itse le gore o nna mo toropong efe kgotsa mo nageng efe. tlhokomelo ya radio e e seng ya Wi-Fi - e tseye jaaka tiragalo e e ikaeletsweng ke motho yo o mo itseng, molekane wa pele, kgotsa moagelani mme o itsise mapodisi a selegae ka bonako.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa lense ya khamera ya me e e nang le enjene e ne e tsamaya kgotsa e tobetsa ka boyone bosigo - a seo se raya gore ka metlha motlhasedi o a lebile?¶

E seng ka metlha - go na le mabaka a le mararo a a seng kotsi a a dirang gore khamera e tobetse kgotsa e tsamaye bosigo a o tshwanetseng go a kgaphela kwa thoko morago ga go tlhola dipego tsa gago tsa go tsena: (1) Infarahibidu (`IR`) Sega Setlhotlhi sa go Tobetsa: Fa lesedi la mo phaposing le wela tlase ka nako ya fa go nna maitseboa kgotsa fa lebone la koloi le feta, solenoid ya motšhini e e mo teng ga khamera e relela ka tlhamalalo setlhotlhi sa infrared go kgabaganya lense ka lesedi le le utlwalang . "tobetsa-tobetsa" modumo; (2) Go Simolola Gape ga Serweboleta ka go Itirisa le go Tekanyetsa: Mo e ka nnang di-pan-and-tilt tsotlhe tse di tsamaisiwang ke enjene (`PTZ`) dikhamera (`Wyze Cam Pan`, `Eufy Indoor Cam Pan`, `Tapo`, `Reolink`) tsenya dintšhwafatso tsa firmware tse di itirisang fa gare ga 2:00 AM le 4:00 AM, mme fa di simolola gape, dikoloi tsa tsone tsa stepper di dikologa ka didikirii di le 360 ​​go tswa molemeng go ya kwa mojeng le go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase go lekanyetsa boemo jwa tsone jwa kwa gae; le (3) Go Latedisa Tshisinyo ka Boitiriso: Fa "Motion Tracking" e kgontshitswe mo tirisong, fene ya mo siling, phologotswana ya mo gae, kgotsa lerole le le fa pele ga LED ya infrared le ka dira gore lense e pan go kgabaganya phaposi. Tlhola ditiriso tsa gago Didiriswa tse di Dumeletsweng lenaane le setempe sa nako sa ntšhwafatso ya serweboleta go netefatsa.

A nka pateletsa morekisi wa me wa dikhamera (Ring, Wyze, Nest, Arlo, Nanit) go mpolelela IP address ya motho yo o tseneng mo akhaontong ya me mme a bua le ngwanake?¶

Ee. Tota le fa segokaganyi sa modirisi sa tiriswa se bontsha fela mofuta wa sediriswa (jaaka "Chrome mo Difensetereng" kgotsa "Aifone") le toropo e e ka nnang teng, netefatso ya backend ya morekisi le disefara tsa media tsa WebRTC di kwala aterese ya motswedi ya IPv4/IPv6, mogala wa Modirisi-Moemedi, ditempe tsa nako tsa go simolola/bokhutlo jwa thulaganyo, le tiragalo ya go tsenngwa tirisong ga modumo wa ditsela tse pedi. Ka bonako fela bula thekete ya tshegetso le Setlhopha sa Tshireletsego / Polokodiphiri sa morekisi o ba kopa go boloka dipego tsotlhe tsa netefatso le tsa nako ya WebRTC tsa akhaonto ya gago, mme ka nako e le nngwe fela o faele pego ya sepodisi sa lefelo leo le Kopo ya Phitlhelelo ya Setlhogo ya GDPR/CCPA (`DSAR`) ya hisitori e e feletseng ya IP ya go tsena ya akhaonto ya gago.

A monithara wa masea o o reng "2.4 GHz FHSS" o babalesegile mo bathong ba ba tsenang mo inthaneteng?¶

Ee, go tswa go inthanete batseneledi: ba ba ineetseng 2.4 GHz FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum) tlhokomelo e e tlang le sekerini sa yone sa motsadi se se tshwarwang ka letsogo mme e se na tšhipi ya Wi-Fi kgotsa app ya smartphone e sireletsegile ka diperesente di le 100 mo bathong ba ba tsenang mo inthaneteng, go tlatsa dintlha tsa boitshupo le makoa a router. Le fa go ntse jalo, dimonithara tse di tlhwatlhwatlase kgotsa tsa bogologolo tsa analog/FHSS tse di sa tsenngwang dikhoutu ka dinako tse dingwe di ka tsaya kgoreletso e khutshwane ya radio kgotsa go bua ka go kgabaganya go tswa mo monithara yo mongwe wa lesea, founo e e senang thapo, kgotsa radio ya botswerere mo teng ga . Dimitara di le 90 go ya go di le 300 (maoto a le 300 go ya go a le 1 000). Dijithale tsa segompieno Sedimonthole 6.0 kgotsa dimonithara tsa FHSS tse di tsenngwang tsa AES-128 di thibela go tlhotlhora ga radio ka tsela e e sa reng sepe.

Fa nka ntsha khamera fela mo polakeng bosigo jotlhe ke bo ke e tsenya gape ka moso ke sa fetole password ya me, a hacker e a ragwa?¶

Nnyaa. Go ntsha khamera mo polakeng go kgaola fela maatla fa thapo e le kwa ntle ga lebota. Millisecond e o tsenyang khamera mo polakeng ka moso kwantle ga go phimola dithulaganyo, go fetola nomoro ya gago ya sephiri sa kwa marung, go kgontsha 2FA, kgotsa go thibela router UPnP, khamera e golagana gape le akhaonto e e tshwanang tota ya kwa marung (mo founo ya motlhasedi e sa ntseng e tsene mo go yone mme e amogela kitsiso ya ka bonako ya gore khamera ya gago e boetse e le mo inthaneteng). Le ka motlha o se tsenye khamera e e sa siamang gape go fitlha o wetsa Dikgato 3 le 4 tse di fa godimo.

Go tweng fa molekane wa gago wa nako e e fetileng yo o sotlang a ne a ka tsenya Ring, Nest, kgotsa Eufy dikhamera fa re ne re nna mmogo mme akhaonto ya "Mong / Motsamaisi wa Motheo" e le mo atereseng ya BONE ya imeile?¶

Mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo tsa magae a a botlhale jaaka Mogala, Sentlhaga, Arlo, le Eufy, "Modirisi yo o Kopanetsweng" ga a kgone go phimola kgotsa go leleka akhaonto ya "Mong wa Motheo" - mme le fa o ka tobetsa konopo ya Factory Reset ya mmatota mo khamera ya Ring kgotsa Arlo, nomoro ya tatelano/aterese ya MAC ya sediriswa e nna e notletswe ka tsela ya sephiri (`Device Theft / Ownership Lock`) go ya kwa akhaontong ya Mong wa ntlha go fitlha ba tobetsa "Tlosa Sediriswa" mo app ya bone. Fa molekane wa gago wa pele yo o sotlang e le Mong yo o kwadisitsweng wa dikhamera, ditloloko tsa dikgoro, kgotsa dilotlolo tse di botlhale mo legaeng la gago, ntsha polaka le go folosa dikhamera tsa bone ka bonako, di emisetse ka serweboleta se se kwadisitsweng fela mo akhaontong ya gago e ntšha ya imeile, mme o fetole leina la neteweke ya Wi-Fi ya gago ya mo gae (`SSID`) le nomoro ya sephiri gore didiriswa tsa bone tsa bogologolo di se ka tsa golagana gape.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Go thuba mo gae ka botlhale, go tseela khamera ka dikgoka, le sedirisiwa sa go tlhola
• Go sireletsa diroutara tsa mo gae le didirisiwa tsa IoT
• Tlhaselo ya bot e e itirisang ya go tlatsa dintlha tsa boitshupo mo dimaeleng tsa boikanyegi, dikarata tsa dimpho, le diakhaonto
• NAS ya mo gae kgotsa ya ofisi e nnye e e sa siamang (QNAP/Synology) le go tswalwa ga go fetisetsa kwa boemelafofaneng jwa UPnP
• Go tseelwa DNS ka dikgoka, go rulaganngwa sešwa ga WAN ya router ya ISP, le go tsietsa portal e e tshwerweng
• Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso go ya ka dinaga

Metswedi le kaelo ya semmuso¶

• Biro ya Bosetšhaba ya Dipatlisiso (FBI) (United States): Kitsiso ya Tirelo ya Setšhaba I-123020-PSA & Dikgakololo tsa IoT tsa Legae le le Botlhale: Go Sireletsa Dikhamera tse di Botlhale, Ditlhokomedi tsa Masea, le Bathusi ba Lentswe Kgatlhanong le go Tsenya Dintlha tsa Boitshupo le go Tsewa ka Dithoto.
• Setheo sa Tshireletsego ya Inthanete le Tshireletsego ya Mafaratlhatlha (CISA) & Setheo sa Tshireletsego ya Bosetšhaba (NSA) (United States): * Letlhare la Tshedimosetso ya Tshireletsego ya Inthanete: Go Sireletsa Dinetweke tse di senang Megala, Go Thibela UPnP, le Go Kgaoganya Didirisiwa tsa IoT tsa kwa Gae mo di-VLAN tsa Baeng*.
• Khomišene ya Kgwebisano ya Bosetšhaba (FTC) (United States): Go Dirisa Dikhamera tsa IP le Ditlhokomedi tsa Masea tse di Golagantsweng le Inthanete ka Pabalesego.
• Senthara ya Bosetšhaba ya Tshireletsego ya Inthanete (NCSC) (United Kingdom): Didiriswa tse di Botlhale mo Gae: Go Rulaganya Dikhamera, Ditlhokomedi tsa Masea, le Dibui tse di Botlhale ka Pabalesego & Kaelo ya Molao wa Tshireletsego ya Dikumo le Mafaratlhatlha a Ditlhaeletsano ka Megala (PSTI).
• Setheo sa Kopano ya Yuropa sa Tshireletsego ya Inthanete (ENISA): Dikaelo tsa go Sireletsa Inthanete ya Dilo (IoT) le go Kgaoganya Neteweke ya Gae.