Kgolagano ya Sephimodi sa Lefensetere la Pele kgotsa Go Gatsela ga Seeledi sa Washer mo Sefefong sa Kagagane kgotsa mo Seporeng sa Seretse: Kotsi ya go Borika e e sa Boneleng le go Goga ga Magetla¶

Ka tshoganyetso, tatlhegelo e e feletseng ya go bona ga fensetere ya kwa pele ka lobelo lwa tsela e kgolo (100 to 120 km/h / 60 to 75 mph) e diragala mo metsotswaneng e e ka fa tlase ga 1.5 ka diphoso tse pedi tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa metšhini: 1. Kgokagano ya Phetiso ya Sephimodi sa Lefensetere la Pele kgotsa Mothalo wa Noko ya Spline, fa bushing e e thubegang ya sokete ya bolo ya naelone mo teng ga kgokagano ya kerenke ya sephimodi e thubegang ka fa tlase ga kapoko e e bokete e e metsi (or the 13-to-15-millimeter wiper arm spindle nut loosens on its tapered knurled cone while the wipers were frozen to the glass), e tlogela enjene ya motlakase ya go phimola e dumaduma go sena mosola fa legare le le lengwe kgotsa ka bobedi jwa lone le rapaletse le sule kwa tlase ga lefensetere le le tsentsweng polasetere ka pula kgotsa kapoko; le 2. Mola wa Seedi sa Washer o a Gatsetsa le o o Letswai Slush Smear, fa selemo kgotsa +32 F (0 C) seeledi se se tlhatswang dikhukhwana se a gatsela mo teng ga dinosele tsa belefo ya go tlhola dikhukhwana (or evaporates its methanol alcohol on an unheated glass surface). Ka gonne go itaya diboriki fa o sa bone mo tseleng e kgolo e e tshelang ke selo sa #1 se se bakang dikoloi tse dintsi tse di bolayang tsa go kgobokana ga dikoloi tse dintsi, go falola ga gago mo metsotswaneng ya ntlha e le 10 go ikaegile ka gore o nne le maitseo a a bonelwang pele mo tseleng, o dirisa fensetere ya gago e e kafa thoko le tselana ya mola o o kafa mojeng (fog line) ya tshupiso ya pheriferale, le go diragatsa phokotso e e laolwang mo legetleng. Latela porothokholo eno ya go falola tsela e kgolo e e sa bonaleng ka bonako le go baakanya mo thoko ga tsela (bona tsotlhe dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso), mme o boeletse dikaelo tsa rona tse di tsamayang le tsone mo go kgokagano e e thubegileng ya sephimodi sa fensetere ya koloi mo puleng e e matlakadibe kgotsa mo sefefong sa kapoko, fensetere e thubegile, sekhurumetso se fofela kwa godimo, kgotsa phimola e sa dire sentle ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo lwa tsela e kgolo, maemo a go tlhoka mmala le go kgweetsa ka sefefo sa kapoko, le fensetere e na le mouwane kgotsa aese mo teng fa o kgweetsa.

Dira se jaanong¶

1. O SE KE WA THATA DIBORIKI MO TSELENG YA TSELA E KGOLO (THE BLIND REAR-END PILEUP TRAP):
2. Tlosa Leoto la Gago mo Accelerator ka Borelelo le go Khansela Cruise Control (Tap Brakes Lightly or Press "Cancel"): Fa semi-lori e gasetsa fensetere ya gago ka seretse se se borokwa se se sa bonaleng kgotsa seretse se se letswai (or your wipers suddenly stop moving in a downpour), mokgweetsi yo o kwa morago ga gago metsotswana e le 2 o kgweetsa ka seporei se se tshwanang tota mme le ene ga a kgone go bona sentle. Fa o tshoga o itaya terata ya boriki go tswa go 110 km/h (70 mph) go fitlha go 30 km/h (20 mph) mo gare ga tsela ya mosepele, koloi e e kafa morago ga gago e tla lema mo kutu ya gago ka lobelo lo lo feletseng lwa tsela e kgolo. Tsholetsa terata ya gase ka thelelo gore go borika ga enjene go fokotse lebelo la koloi ka iketlo fa o ntse o kokota terata ya diboriki ka botlhofo fela go bonesa mabone a gago a mahibidu a diboriki jaaka tlhagiso mo pharakanong e e latelang.
3. Tobetsa Diphatsimo tsa Gago tsa Dikotsi tsa Ditsela di le 4 (And Keep Low-Beam Headlights ON) Mo Motsotswaneng o le 1: Go tobetsa dipone tsa gago tsa kotsi go bolelela bakgweetsi ba ba latelang ka bonako gore o na le maemo a tshoganyetso mme o fokotsa lobelo.
4. PHITHOLOSA FENSETERE YA GAGO YA LETLHAKORE LE 10 GO YA YA 15 DESENTIMETERS (4 TO 6 INCHES) LE GO DIRISA TSHUPISO YA MOLEMO WA METLA (NEVER STICK YOUR WHOLE HEAD OUT INTO 100 KM/H TRAFFIC):
5. Ke Eng fa Fesetere e e Kafa thoko e Boloka Botshelo jwa Gago Fa Galase e e Kwa Pele e sa Bonele: Le fa fensetere e e kwa pele e polaseterilwe ka diperesente di le 100 ka legogo le lesweu la letswai, seretse se sekima, kgotsa metsi a a foufatsang a a foufatsang, galase ya lebati le le kafa thoko (parallel to the airflow) e nna e bonala sentle.
6. Leba kwa tlase le go tswa go sekae ka fa molemeng/ka fa mojeng mo phatlheng ya fensetere e e fa thoko (And Use Your Side Mirrors) go Latedisa Mothalo wa Mola o o Pentilweng (Fog Line) le Rumble Strips: Leba kwa ntle ka fensetere ya gago e e bulegileng ya mokgweetsi (and check your right-hand passenger side mirror) go dira gore dithaere tsa gago di nne di le mo gare di bapile le dikaroganyo tsa mela e e thaladitsweng kgotsa mola o o tiileng wa ntlha e e kwa ntle (fog line). Le ka motlha o se bofolole lebanta la gago la pabalesego kgotsa wa ntsha tlhogo ya gago ka fensetere ka lobelo lwa 100 km/h (65 mph) phefo, moo letlapa le le fofang la tsela, dikarolo tsa aese tse di tswang mo dilloring tse di fetang, kgotsa seipone sa koloi e e bapileng di ka itayang sefatlhego le matlho a gago.
7. LETSWA PELE O BO O RELELE KA DIAGONAL MO LEGETLENG LA MOJE KGALE (OR LEFT EMERGENCY BAY IN LEFT-HAND TRAFFIC COUNTRIES LIKE THE UK/AUSTRALIA):
8. Dirisa Dithapo tsa Rumble tsa Magetla tse di Amang go Tlhomamisa gore o Tlogile mo Moleng wa Mosepele o o Tshwaraganeng: Tobetsa letshwao la gago la go retologa (or keep hazards flashing), tlhola seipone sa gago sa kafa thoko gore a go na le koloi epe e e mo moleng o o siameng, mme o kgweetse ka enkele e e seng boteng ya didikirii di le 5 go ya go di le 10 go kgabaganya mola o o tiileng wa molelwane go ya kwa legetleng le le tsentsweng ditsela (feel the vibration of the milled rumble strips under your tires).
9. Goga Kgakala le Molelwane wa Tselanyana ka fa go Babalesegileng ka teng (Without Dropping Into a Soft Mud Ditch or Deep Snowbank) & Retolosa Mabili a Gago a a Kwa Pele Kgakala le Pharakano: Fa o setse o eme mo legetleng (or better yet, at the next exit ramp or rest area), sutisetsa kwa Phaka (engage parking brake), boloka dipone tsa kotsi di phatsima (turn OFF the dome light at night), le nna o bofeletswe mo teng ga koloi (or exit from the passenger-side door away from traffic to stand behind a steel guardrail) go fitlhela ponagalo kgotsa pharakano e tlhatswa pele ga o thunya hood.
10. FA DIPHIMODI TSA GAGO di Tshaditswe Fela ka Letswai le le sa Boneleng mo Galaseng (Washer Fluid Frozen):
11. EMISA go Tobetsa Letlhaka la Sephimodi se se Omileng (Every Dry Wipe Bakes the Salt Film Harder):] Ka bonako fetolela taolo ya tlelaemete go MAX FRONT DEFROST (High Heat + A/C Button ON + Fresh Outside Air Intake) mme o pitikolole dithibela-letsatsi ka bobedi (which traps a pocket of hot air directly against the glass). Mo metsotswaneng e le 45 go ya go e le 90, galase e e kafa teng e a gotela go feta didikirii tsa Celsius di le 32 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 32), e nyerolosa llaga e nnye ya aese e e bofang letswai la tsela mo galaseng mme gantsi e nyerolosa dinosele tsa washer tse di gatsetse kwa tlase ga sekhurumetso.

Setlhare sa tshwetso: Go falola go sa bonale ga tsela e kgolo le go tlhatlhoba go palelwa ga wiper/washer¶

flowchart TD
    A["Go Bona Kwa Pele ga Lefela ka Tshoganyetso ka Lobelo lwa Tsela e Kgolo (Diphimodi di Sule, Letsogo le Fologa, kgotsa Seretse se se Letswai / Seretse se se Tlhatswang)"] --> B["METSOTSWA YA NTLHA e le 10 (O SE KE WA TLHOMA DIBORIKI MO LIVE LANE): 1. Nolofatsa gase ka thelelo & phimola taolo ya lebelo la koloi (tobetsa diboriki go se kae go phatsima mabone a diboriki) -> 2. Tobetsa Diphatsimo tsa Kotsi tsa Tsela tse 4 -> 3. Phutholola fa fatshe Letlhakore la Mokgweetsi la Fesetere-1 cm-1) (1) pono e e kwa thoko mo moleng o o pentilweng (mola wa mouwane) -> 4. Kgweetsa ka thelelo go kgabaganya methalo e e modumo go ya kwa legetleng le le kgakala kgotsa kwa rampong ya go tswa"]
    B -->|"E Emisitswe ka Pabalesego mo Phakeng mo Legetleng / Rampa ya go Tswa (Tima Ignition le Diphimodi Pele o Tlhatlhoba)"| C{"2. Ke Eng se se Paletsweng: Di-Wiper Blade Ga di Tsamaye vs. Seedi sa Washer se sa Gasege?"}
    C -->|"DIWASHER GA DI KILE TSA GASE (Letswai/Seretse se se Basitsweng mo Galaseng)"| D{"A O Utlwa Pompo ya Washer ya Motlakase e Huma Fa O Goga Letlhaka?"}
    D -->|"EE: Pompo e Duma, Letamo le na le Seeledi, Ga go na Seporei"| E["DINOZLE TSE DI GATSETSENG / TLHOTLHOMISA BELOFO KGOTSA HOSE YA HOOD E E THUNGILENG: 1. Bula hood mme tlhole gore a hose ya rabara e ntsho e thunyegile mo T-fitting ya polasetiki ka fa tlase ga kobo ya hood -> 2. Tshwara monwana wa kgono o o bothitho mo dijeteng tsa nosele ya hood metsotswana e le 30 & tlhotlhora pinhole ya safe e e thibaneng ka bonolo - C0. (-40 F) Seedi sa Mariga sa De-Icer kgotsa kopi e le 1 ya 70-91% Isopropyl Alcohol mo letangwaneng -> 4. Tshela metsi a a mo mabotlolong / kapoko e e nyerolotsweng + bojalwa ka tlhamalalo mo galaseng e e kwa ntle go phimola letswai"]
    D -->|"NNYAA: Go Didimala Gotlhelele Fa O Goga Lotlhaka lwa Washer"| F["POMP YA LEBOKELO E E THATA E E GATSENG KGOTSA FUSE YA WASHER E E FOTSWENG: 1. Le ka motlha o se ke wa tshwara tlhogo >3 sec mo pompong e e gatsetse (e fisa enjene / e foka fuse ya 10A-15A) -> 2. Tlhola le go ananya Fuse ya Pompo ya Washer ka diatla -> 3. Phepafatsa ka diatla setlhatswa-diatla -> 4. Tshasa seaparo se se sa tseneng metsi (Pula-X / Boka jwa Koloi / Setatšhe sa Matapole a a Tala / Kerime ya go Beola) gore metsi a tswe ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo ga 55 km/h (35 mph)"]
    C -->|"WIPERS DEAD (Legare le le lengwe kgotsa ka bobedi le eme)"| G{"A O Utlwa Motor Wa Wiper O Humma & A ONE Wiper e Santse e Tsamaya?"}
    G -->|"Di-Hum tsa Motšhini + 1 Wiper e a Dira (kgotsa Di-Flop tsa Matsogo tse di sa Gagamalang ka Seatla)"| H["KGOKAGANYO YA MEKHENIKI KGOTSA GO PALEGA GA NOTO YA SPLINE: 1. Pop flip-cap kwa botlaseng jwa letsogo la sephimola le le suleng: fa tlhogo ya sephimodi e dikologa mo teng ga letsogo, gagamatsa nut ya hex ya 13mm/14mm/15mm (kgotsa ananya Letsogo la Phimola ya Mopalami mo NOT ya Mokgweetsi Fa tlhogo ya Sephimodi sa Mokgweetsi) -> 2. Sokete ya Bolo e ne ya tswa ka fa tlase ga sekhurumetso -> Sokete ya kgolagano ya zip-tie/thapo KGOTSA bofa paracord/thapo ya setlhako mo Letsogong la Phimola-Mokgweetsi go dirisa thapo ya go goga ka diatla"]
    G -->|"Diphimodi ka BOBEDI di Sule + Go Didimetse Gotlhelele go tswa go Motšhini wa Diphimodi"| I["GO PALEGA GA MOTLAKASE (FUSE YA WIPERE E E FOTSWENG KGOTSA RELAY): 1. Tlosa ditlhale tse di bokete tsa go kgomarela kapoko/aese kwa tlase ga galase -> 2. Bula Lebokoso la Fuse mme o fetole 20A/25A/30A WIPER Fuse e e nang le fuse e e seng botlhokwa ya maatla a a tshwanang a Seut / O) 3. Fapanya Rilei ya Sephimodi ka Lenaka kgotsa Rilei ya Komporesara ya A/C"]

Karolo 1: Ke Eng Di-Wiper di Kgaotsa go Tsamaya ka Tshoganyetso (Le Kafa o ka Baakanyang Diphoso Tsotlhe Tse 3 Tse di Fa thoko ga Tsela mo Metsotsong e le 10)¶

Fa diphimodi tsa gago tsa fensetere di palelwa ka tshoganyetso mo setsuatsueng sa kapoko kgotsa pula e e nang, reetsa ka kelotlhoko metsotswana e le 2 radio e timilwe: a enjene ya phimodi ya motlakase e sa ntse e duma ka morethetho mo teng ga sekhurumetso sa dashboard, kgotsa e didimetse gotlhelele? Mme a ke phimodi e le NNGWE fela e e neng ya emisa go tsamaya (usually the driver's side), kgotsa a BOBEDI bo ne jwa ema ka nako e le nngwe?

================================================================================
ANATOMY OF A WINDSHIELD WIPER TRANSMISSION (UNDER THE PLASTIC COWL GRILLE)
================================================================================

    [Driver Wiper Arm]                          [Passenger Wiper Arm]
           ||                                             ||
     [13mm-15mm Nut]  <-- Failure #1: Loose Nut     [13mm-15mm Nut]
     (Tapered Splined     strips aluminum splines   (Tapered Splined
      Spindle Post)       when blades freeze to      Spindle Post)
           ||             the windshield                 ||
           O==============================================O=======[Wiper Motor]
             |                                            |        (Worm Gear)
         Failure #2: Brittle Nylon Ball-and-Socket Cup Pops Off
         (Can be lashed back together with 2 crossed zip-ties or bailing wire)
================================================================================

Mokgwa wa go Palelwa 1: Noto ya Sepindle ya Letsogo la Sephimodi e e Apolotsweng kgotsa e e Sa Gagamalang (1-Minute Fix or Passenger-to-Driver Arm Swap)¶

• Kafa go Diragalang ka Gone: Letsogo lengwe le lengwe la sephimodi le gokelela mo selong se se tshesane, se se nang le dikhuti tse di boleta (knurled / splined) tlhomeso ya tshipi e e kgomarelang kwa godimo ka sekhurumetso, e e tshwerweng ke 13 mm, 14 mm, kgotsa 15 mm hex nut e le nngwe e e fitlhegileng ka fa tlase ga flip-cap e nnye e e sediko ya polasetiki kwa sekgomaretsi sa letsogo la phimola. Fa o tobetsa diphimodi fa ditlhale tsa rabara di gatsetse go nna lefensetere le le nang le aese (or buried under 15 cm of heavy wet snow), sedirisiwa sa tshipi se dikologa mo teng ga sokete e e boleta ya aluminiamo e e dirilweng ka die-cast ya letsogo la wiper, se bofolola nut le go beola di- spline tse dinnye.
• Kafa o ka Lekang ka teng: Fa go tuka OFF, leka ka bonolo go tsamaisa letsogo la wiper le le suleng go kgabaganya galase ka seatla sa gago. Fa letsogo le le suleng le akgega ka kgololesego go kgabaganya galase ka kganetso ya lefela (without moving the other wiper arm), ntsha kepisi e nnye ya polasetiki e e sediko kwa tlase ga letsogo mme o bule diphimodi ka bokhutshwane metsotswana e le 2: o tla bona tlhogo ya tshipi e e nang le tlhale e e fa gare e dikologa kwa le kwa fa letsogo la sephimodi le ntse le sa tshikinyege.
• Paakanyo ya Fa thoko ga Tsela A (Tighten or Shim the Nut):
• Tima molelo OFF.
• Beha lehare la wiper ka angle ya lona e tlwaelehileng ya ho phomola kwa tlase ga galase.
• Tobetsa motheo wa aluminiamo wa letsogo la sephimodi ka thata go ya kwa tlase mo tlhogong ya khounu e e tshesane mme o gagamatse **noto ya 13 mm / 14 mm / 15 mm ka thata o dirisa senotlolo sa sokete, senotlolo se se fetogang, kgotsa di-pliers tsa didirisiwa tse dintsi (even a 1/2 turn pulls the tapered cone tight enough to bite into the metal again).
• Fa ditlhale tsa aluminiamo tse di ka fa gare di apotswe gotlhelele go nna borethe: Baya sekwere se sennye se se menaganeng sa foile ya aluminiamo (from a gum wrapper or food wrapper), washer e tshesane ya selotlolo, kgotsa go phuthela thapo ya kopore mo godimo ga khounu e e tshesane ya spindle pele ga o gagamatsa nut go ya kwa tlase gore foile e e boleta ya aluminiamo e kgomarele fa gare ga khounu le letsogo.
• Tokiso ya fa thoko ga tsela B (The Lifesaving "Passenger-to-Driver Wiper Arm Swap"):
• Fa sokete ya gago ya letsogo la phimola e e kafa letlhakoreng la mokgweetsi e phanyegile kgotsa e amogilwe (or the driver-side wiper blade rubber tore off) fa sephimodi sa gago sa letlhakore la mopalami se santse se dira, gakologelwa gore o tlhoka fela halofo ya lefensetere la mokgweetsi go kgweetsa ka pabalesego go ya gae:
• Popa kepisi ya polasetiki mo matsogong a mabedi a diphimodi, bofolola manoko ka bobedi a 14 mm, tshikinya e e sa senyegang letsogo la diphimodi la letlhakore la mopalami (or its rubber blade refill) go tswa mo palong ya yone, mme o e bofelele mo palong ya sepindle sa letlhakore la mokgweetsi (Check that the slightly curved passenger arm clears the A-pillar when sweeping).

Mokgwa wa go Palelwa 2: Sokete ya Bolo ya Kgokaganyo ya Sephimodi sa Nylon e e Kgaogileng kgotsa e e Thunyang (Zip-Tie or Paracord Pull-String Rescue)¶

• Kafa go Diragalang ka Gone: Ka fa tlase ga grille e ntsho ya polasetiki e e kwa tlase ga lefensetere la koloi, enjene ya wiper e kgweetsa di-pushrod tse pedi tsa tshipi (the wiper transmission linkage) e e golagantsweng ke dikopi tsa polasetiki tsa bolo le sokete tsa nylon tse di tshwanelang go gatisiwa. Morago ga dingwaga di le 5 go ya go di le 10 tsa mogote le serame, kopi ya nylon e fetoga go thubega mme e thunya ka tlhamalalo mo setlhopheng sa bolo ya tshipi ka fa tlase ga morwalo wa kapoko.
• Paakanyo ya Fa thoko ga Tsela A (Crossed Zip-Ties / Bailing Wire on the Ball Socket):
• Fa lelokololo la bolo le fitlhelelwa ka sekerini sa sekhurumetso (or by popping 4 plastic clips off the cowl trim), kgoromeletsa kopi ya naelone kwa morago mo bolong ya tshipi mme o bofe dithae tse pedi tse di bokete tsa naelone (or steel bailing wire / coat-hanger wire) ka paterone e e gagametseng ya setshwantsho-8 ("X") go dikologa morago ga letsogo la kgokagano le molala wa bolo gore e se ka ya thunya gape.
• Tokiso ya fa thoko ga tsela B (The Manual "Double-Shoelace / Paracord Pull-String" Wiper):
• Fa thobane ya kgolagano e thubegile kwa teng mo teng ga sekhurumetso mme wa tshwarega mo puleng kgotsa mo kapokong:
  1. Bofa dimitara di le 2 (6-foot) boleele jwa paracord, dithapo tse pedi tsa ditlhako tse di bofilweng mmogo, kgotsa thapo ya ntša e e sireletsegileng go ya kwa bogareng jwa letsogo la phimodi la letlhakore la mokgweetsi.
  2. Tsenya ntlha e le nngwe ya thapo ka phatlha e e kwa godimo ya disentimetara di le 3 ya fensetere ya mokgweetsi (so pulling it swings the wiper blade UP across your line of sight).
  3. Bofa thapo ya bobedi mo letsogong la sephimola, e bofe go dikologa lesakana la seipone sa letlhakore la mopalami (or in through the passenger window), mme o letle mopalami wa gago yo o kwa pele go gogela dikgwele tse pedi tseno kwa le kwa jaaka dithapo go phepafatsa galase.

Mokgwa wa go Palelwa 3: Fuse ya Motšhini wa Sephimodi e e Foketsweng (20A / 25A / 30A) kgotsa Sethubi sa Mogote o o Feteletseng¶

• Kafa go Diragalang ka Gone: Fa kapoko e e metsi e phuthegela kwa tlase ga fensetere ya koloi, enjene ya wiper e e emeng e goga 25 go ya go 35 amps ya motlakase wa locked-rotor.
• Dikoloi tse dingwe di na le sethubi sa sekete sa mogote sa bimetallic se se itlhomang sešwa sa ka fa gare mo teng ga ntlo ya enjene ya wiper: fa o setse o retolotse diphimodi OFF, goga kapoko yotlhe e e pakilweng le aese go tswa mo mokoting wa cowl, mme o lete metsotso e le 3 go ya go e le 5 gore enjene e simolole go dira ka go itirisa, wiper e simolole go dira ka go itirisa.
• Bontsi jwa dikoloi di letsa 20-amp, 25-amp, kgotsa 30-amp WIPER / FR WIPER fuse mo lebokosong la fuse le le ka fa tlase ga hood kgotsa le le ka fa tlase ga dash.
• Paakanyo ya Fa thoko ga Tsela (The Non-Critical Fuse Swap):
• Sa ntlha, tlosa kapoko nngwe le nngwe le aese mo ditlhaeng tsa diphimodi le mo sekhurumelong (if you put a new fuse in while the blades are still frozen to the glass, the new fuse will blow in 0.5 seconds).
• Bula Lebokoso la Difuse: Bula setshwantsho sa lebokoso la difuse (printed inside the plastic fuse box lid), goga se se fokisitsweng WIPER fuse o dirisa setshwariso sa polasetiki e tshweu se se gogang fuse, mme o e emisetse ka fuse e e setseng (or borrow an **identical-amperage fuse** from a non-safety circuit such as **HEATED SEATS, CIGAR LIGHTER / POWER OUTLET, SUNROOF, AMP / RADIO, or REAR WIPER** - NEVER put a 30A fuse into a 15A or 20A slot).

Karolo 2: Seedi se se Gatsetseng sa Washer, Dinosele tsa Hood tse di Thibaneng, le Seledi se se Letswai sa Tsela e Kgolo¶

Ke ka ntlha yang fa fensetere ya koloi e fetoga 100 percent opaque white mo metsotswaneng e le 2 mo tseleng e kgolo ya mariga le fa kapoko e emisitse? - Mafapha a ditselakgolo a gasetsa sodiamo tleloraete (rock salt), khalesiamo tleloraete, le letswai le le metsi la magnesiamo tleloraete mo ditseleng tsa mariga. - Fa dithaere tsa pharakano di ntse di atomisa seretse seo se se letswai mo moweng, mouwane o mosesane o bipa lefensetere la gago la koloi. - Fa o na le sethuthafatsi sa gago sa ntlwana se se thunyang mowa o o mogote mo galaseng KGOTSA fa o tobetsa diphimodi tsa gago tse di omileng gangwe fela kwantle ga seedi sa washer, metsi a a mo slush a mowafala ka bonako, a tlogela llaga ya micro-crystalline ya letswai le lesweu le le bakilweng le leswe la tsela ya disele. Mongwe le mongwe morago ga moo go feta ga legare le le omileng la rabara wiper go pholetšha gore letswai le lesweu le le peiseditsweng go nna sekerini se se nang le serame se se sa phunyelediweng.

Goreng Seeledi sa "Paka Yotlhe / Tlhatswa-Dikhukhwana" se Gatsetsa se Thata (And Why Cheap Winter Fluid Freezes ON the Glass)¶

4 Dipaakanyo tsa mo Tseleng Fa Seedi sa Gago sa Washer se Gana go Gasega mo Sefefong sa Kagagane¶

1. O se ka wa Tshwara Letlhaka la Washer Fa Fatshe Metsotswana e e Fetang 2 fa e Gatsetse: Fa o utlwa modumo wa go duma wa lefela fa o goga letlhaka la washer, pompo e nnye ya impeller ya motlakase e e kwa tlase ga letamo la polasetiki e phuthetswe ke aese. Go tshwara lever fa fatshe metsotswana e le 10 go tla foka 10A/15A WASHER fuse kgotsa nyerolosa dithapo tsa pompo.
2. Thapolosa Dinosele tsa Hood & Tlhola Hose ya Rabara e e Thunyegileng ka fa Tlase ga Hood:
3. Fa o utlwa pompo ya wašere e duma, leba ka fa tlase ga koloi (or open the hood): fa metsi a gatsela mo teng ga dijete tse dinnye tsa nosele tsa kopore/polasetiki tse di mo sekhurumelong, kgatelelo ya pompo kgapetsakgapetsa e ntsha tšhupu e ntsho ya tlamelo ya rabara go tswa mo segokaganong sa polasetiki se se tlhabang sa T ka fa tlase ga sekhurumetso se se thibelang (you will see blue fluid squirting onto the engine cover instead of the glass). Kgoromeletsa peipi ya raba ka thata go boela morago mo setshwaring sa T se se tlhabang (and secure with a tiny zip-tie).
4. Fa tšhupu e gokeletswe, tobetsa monwana wa gago o o bothitho o o senang sepe mo godimo ga jete nngwe le nngwe ya nosele ya hood metsotswana e le 30 (or dab 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol / alcohol-based hand sanitizer onto the nozzle opening) mme o tlose ka bonolo legogo lengwe le lengwe la kristale ya letswai mo leitlhong le le nnye la jet ya tshipi o dirisa phini ya pabalesego, naletsana ya go roka, kgotsa setshwaro sa pampiri se se sesane.
5. Tlhatswa Letamo ka 70% go ya go 91% ya Bojalwa jwa go Sitlha jwa Isopropyl (Or Denatured Alcohol / Vodka in a Pinch):
6. Fa letamo la gago le na le seeledi sa selemo kgotsa seeledi se se bokoa se se pududu se se tlhotlhoregang, tshela 250 go ya go 500 mL (1 to 2 cups) ya 70% kgotsa 91% ya Bojalwa jwa go Itlotsa jwa Isopropil (available at any pharmacy or gas station convenience store) ka tlhamalalo mo molaleng wa filler ya letamo la seeledi sa washer. Bojalwa jwa isopropyl bo na le ntlha ya go gatsela ya -89 didikirii tsa Celsius (-128 didikirii tsa Fahrenheit), bo tlhakana ka bonako le metsi, ga bo kitla bo gobatsa diphimodi tsa rabara kgotsa pente ya koloi (unlike acetone or brake fluid), mme e gatelela ntlha ya go gatsela ga motswako ka bonako.
7. Tlhatswa Galase ya "Snowball + Setlhatswadiatla" (To Get to the Next Exit):
8. Fa letamo la gago le gatsetse thata mo legetleng mme lefensetere la koloi le tletse ka letswai le lesweu le le sa bonaleng:
9. Thunya MAX FRONT DEFROST mo teng ga galase metsotso e le 3 go fitlha galase e utlwala e le bothitho fa e kgomiwa.
10. Squirt setlhatswadiatla sa seedi se se nang le bojalwa (60-70% ethyl alcohol), gotlha bojalwa, kgotsa metsi a a nowang a a mo mabotlolong go kgabaganya galase e e bothitho e e kwa ntle, gotlha legogo la letswai o dirisa seatla sa kapoko e e phepa e e mo thoko ga tsela (never gravel-filled gray road slush) kgotsa letsela la microfiber, mme o le tlhotlhore ka legare la phimola ka letsogo.

Karolo 3: Dikalafi tsa Tshoganyetso tsa Difensetere tsa Phefo tse di Tshabang Metsi (Driving Without Working Wipers at 55+ km/h / 35+ mph)¶

Fa enjene ya gago ya phimola kgotsa kgolagano ya gago e sule gotlhelele mme o tshwanetse go tlhotsa dikilometara di le 15 (10 miles) mo puleng e e maatla kgotsa mo kapokong e e metsi go fitlha kwa lebenkeleng la paakanyo kgotsa kwa lefelong le le babalesegileng la tshireletso, go dirisa hydrophobic (water-repelling) filimi go ya kwa fensetereng e e phepa, e e omileng ya kwa ntle e oketsa angle ya go kopana le metsi kwa godimo ga 90 go ya go 110 degrees. Kwa godimo ga 55 go ya go 65 km/h (35 to 40 mph), kgatelelo ya phefo e e nang le maatla a mowa e kgoromeletsa marothi a pula go nna dipheta tse dinnye tse di thunyang ka tlhamalalo kwa godimo le kwa godimo ga borulelo kwantle ga go phimola ditlhako le fa e le gangwe fela:

Dinomoro tsa maemo a tshoganyetso tsa kgaolo le diporothokholo tsa boemedi¶

Fa o tshwaregile mo legetleng la tsela e kgolo mo sefefong sa kapoko, se se tshweu, kgotsa sa pula e e nang le diphimodi tse di thubegileng le go sa bonale sentle, nna o bofegile mo teng ga koloi ya gago o tshubile dipone tsa kotsi mme o ikgolaganye le thuso ya tsela e kgolo:

• Dinaga tse di Kopaneng le Canada: Letsa 911 fa o kgomaretse mo tseleng e kgolo e e tshelang kgotsa o le gaufi le yone ka nako ya whiteout kgotsa setsuatsue sa kapoko. Daela *HP (*47), #77, kgotsa 511 (Highway Patrol / DOT Safety Service Patrol, tse di jaaka Caltrans FSP, FDOT Road Rangers, GDOT HERO, kgotsa NYSDOT HELP) go kopa lori ya diboto tsa motsu e e nang le di-strobe tsa mmala wa amber.
• Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng: Mo Tseleng e e Botlhale (no hard shoulder), fitlhelela Lefelo la Maemo a Tshoganyetso (orange SOS bay) fa go kgonega; fa o tshwaregile gaufi le pharakano e e tsamayang, tswa ka fa molemeng (nearside) lebati la mopalami ka fa morago ga sekgoreletsi sa tshipi sa go thulana mme o letse 999 kgotsa Ditselakgolo tsa Bosetšhaba (0300 123 5000).
• Kopano ya Yuropa: Gogela mo mothalong wa tshoganyetso (Standstreifen / Bande d'arret d'urgence), apara vest ya gago e e bonaletsang thata ya EN ISO 20471 PELE ga o tswa mo letlhakoreng la mopalami, baya khutlotharo ya gago ya tlhagiso dimitara di le 100 go ya go di le 150 (330 to 500 feet) ka fa morago ga sejanaga (from behind the guardrail), mme o letsetse 112.
• Australia le New Zealand: Gogela mo tseleng e e kafa molemeng ya go thubega, nna o tshubile dipone tsa kotsi, mme o letsetse 000 (Australia) kgotsa 111 (New Zealand), kgotsa tsibogo ya tselakgolo ya naga (13 17 00 mo VIC, 132 701 kwa NSW, 13 19 40 mo QLD; bona tsotlhe dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso).

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Ke ka ntlha yang fa e le fela wiper ya me ya letlhakore la mokgweetsi e e neng ya emisa go tsamaya fa wiper ya letlhakore la mopalami e sa ntse e dira sentle?¶

Fa sephimodi se le sengwe sa galase se nna se feela ka tlwaelo fa sephimodi se sengwe se robetse se sule kwa tlase ga galase, enjene ya sephimodi sa motlakase le fuse di siame: go palelwa ke ga motšhini mo go lengwe la mafelo a mabedi. Sa ntlha, nut ya hex ya 13 mm, 14 mm, kgotsa 15 mm e e neng e fitlhegile ka fa tlase ga polasetiki ya flip-cap kwa botlaseng jwa letsogo la wiper le le suleng e ne ya tswa fa legare le ne le gatsetse mo fensetereng ya koloi kgotsa le kgoromeletsa kapoko, go letla gore tlhomeso ya tshipi e e tshesane ya spindle e dikologe mo teng ga sokete ya letsogo la wiper; tima go tuka ga molelo, baya legare sentle, kgoromeletsa letsogo kwa tlase mo palong, mme o gagamatse nut eo ka senotlolo (kgotsa o fetole letsogo le le dirang la wiper ya mopalami mo palong ya mokgweetsi gore o kgone go bona go kgweetsa go ya gae). Sa bobedi, fa e le gore tlhomeso ya tshipi ka boyone ga e dikologe, kopi ya nylon ya bolo le sokete e e mo pushrod ya kgolagano ya wiper e e kafa tlase ga sekhurumetso sa polasetiki e ne ya thunya mo tlhogong ya yone ya bolo.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa go le kotsi jaana go tshwara diboriki fa semi-truck e gasetsa lefensetere la me ka seretse kgotsa ka letswai le le nang le letswai?¶

Fa lori e raga metsi a a seretse kgotsa seretse se se letswai se se foufatsang fensetere ya gago ka lobelo lwa 100 go ya go 120 km/h (60 go ya go 75 mph), koloi e e latelang metsotswana e le 2 go ya go e le 3 morago ga gago e kgweetsa mo go lone leru leo ​​le le foufatsang. Fa o ka tshwara diboriki tsa gago mo tseleng e e tsamayang ka tlhamalalo, o phimola sekgala sa go ema fa gare ga gago le koloi e e go latelang, mme seno se dira gore koloi e thulane ka lobelo lo lo kwa morago kgotsa e kgobokane mariga. Go na le moo, boloka leotwana la go kgweetsa le tlhomame, tlosa leoto la gago ka thelelo mo accelerator gore koloi e fokotsege ka tsela e e ka bonelwang pele, tobetsa terapa ya diboriki go se kae go bonesa mabone a gago a diboriki, tobetsa dipone tsa gago tsa kotsi tsa ditsela tse 4, pitikolola fensetere ya gago ya letlhakore la mokgweetsi go ya go 10 go ya go 15 centimeter the track mola (mola wa mouwane) mo ponong ya gago e e kwa ntle le mo seiponeng se se fa thoko, mme o kaele koloi ka thelelo mo legetleng.

Letamo la me la seeledi sa washer le ne le na le "seeledi sa dikhukhwana tsa selemo" se setala mo go lone mme sa gatsetse se le thata bosigo jotlhe. A nka tshela metsi a a bolelo kgotsa bojalwa jwa go itlotsa gore ke bo gakolose?¶

Le ka motlha o se tshele metsi a a belang mo letamong la polasetiki le le gatsetse kgotsa mo fensetereng e e tsididi ya koloi (e e thubang tanka ya polasetiki le galase e e lamineiwang), mme o se ka wa nna o tshwere lever ya washer fa fatshe (e e fisang enjene ya pompo ya motlakase e e gatsetseng kgotsa e e fokang fuse ya washer ya 15-amp). Go na le moo, tshela 250 go ya go 500 mL (kopi e le 1 go ya go 2) ya bojalwa jwa go itlotsa jwa isopropyl jwa 70% kgotsa 91% kgotsa seeledi sa go ntsha aese sa mariga sa -40 C (-40 F) mo molaleng wa setlatsi sa letamo mme o dire gore koloi e nne e sa dire sepe mo karatšheng kgotsa enjene e ntse e dira metsotso e le 15 go ya go 20 . Bojalwa jwa isopropyl bo gatsela ka -89 C (-128 F) mme bo fokotsa lefelo le aese e nyerologang kwantle ga go senya dipeipi tsa rabara, di-wiper blade kgotsa pente ya koloi. Fa e sena go gakologa, gasetsa halofo ya tanka e e tlhapolotsweng gore motswako o o tseneletseng wa bojalwa jwa mariga o tlatse dipeipi tsa hood le dintlha tsa nosele.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa fensetere ya me e fetoga tshweu gotlhelele fa ke dirisa diphimodi tsa me mo tseleng e kgolo e e tsididi e e omileng morago ga setsuatsue sa kapoko?¶

Morago ga setsuatsue sa kapoko, pharakano ya ditsela tse dikgolo e raga mouwane wa letswai la tsela (sodium chloride) le magnesium chloride e e metsi kgotsa calcium chloride ya letswai le le lwantshang aese. Fa defroster ya gago e e bothitho e gotetsa galase kgotsa fa o dirisa di-wiper blade tse di omileng mo filiming eo ya letswai kwantle ga go gasetsa seedi sa washer, metsi a a mowafala ka yone nako eo mme a tlogela dikristale tse ditshweu tsa letswai di tshasitswe mo galaseng. O se ke wa dirisa diphimodi tse di omileng mo godimo ga letswai la tsela: retolola sefepi sa gago sa kwa pele go mogote o o kwa godimo go thuthafatsa galase fa e le kwa godimo ga go gatsela, gasetsa dithunyi tse dintsi tsa seedi sa washer sa de-icer sa -40 C (-40 F) pele le ka nako ya go phimola gongwe le gongwe, mme fa seedi sa gago sa go tlhatswa se se na sepe kgotsa se gatsetse, ntsha seeledi sa gago sa go tlhatswa galase mo go tswang ga galase go go latelang mme ka bojalwa jwa go itlotsa kgotsa setlhatswa diatla.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Kgolagano e e thubegileng ya phimolafensetere mo puleng e e matlakadibe kgotsa mo sefefong sa kapoko le go bonala ga maemo a tshoganyetso a a tshabang metsi
• Lefensetere le thubegile, sekhurumetso se fofela kwa godimo, kgotsa sephimola se sa dire sentle ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo lwa tsela e kgolo
• Maemo a go tlhoka mmala le go kgweetsa ka sefefo sa kapoko
• Lefensetere le na le mouwane kgotsa le na le aese ka fa teng fa o kgweetsa: go ntsha bongola ka komporosara ya AC le monko o o monate wa konokono ya hitara
• Hood (bonete) e ne ya bulega mme ya thuba fensetere ya koloi ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo: e lebile mo phatlheng ya dashboard ya diintšhe di le 2
• Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso

Metswedi le kaelo ya semmuso¶

• Tsamaiso ya Bosetšhaba ya Pabalesego ya Pharakano ya Ditselakgolo (NHTSA, United States) le FMCSA: Diporotokolo tsa Pabalesego ya go Kgweetsa ka Mariga le go sa Bone ka Tshoganyetso: FMVSS No. 104 (Windshield Wiping and Washing Systems) le Dithulaganyo tsa go Goga Magetla tse di Babalesegileng.
• Mokgatlho wa Dikoloi wa Amerika (AAA, United States) le CAA: Tharabololo ya Mathata a Tshoganyetso mo Tseleng ka ntlha ya go Palelwa ke go Golagana ga Wiper, Di-Spline tsa Spindle tse di Apolotsweng, le Ditsamaiso tsa Seeledi sa Washer tse di Gatseditsweng.
• Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Maemo a Bosa (NWS / NOAA, United States) le Tikologo ya Canada: Dikaelo tsa go Falola Sefefo sa Kapoko, Sefefo sa Kapoko le Tsela e Kgolo (Avoiding Target Fixation).
• Tlelapa ya Dikoloi tsa Segosi (RAC, Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng), AA, le ADAC (Germany): Diporothokholo tsa go Thubega ga Tselakgolo mo Ditekanyetsong tsa go sa Bonwe le go Tlhatswa Sekerini sa Mariga (-20 C to -40 C).