Koloi e e Nweleng kgotsa e e Sentsweng ke Morwalela: Go Thibela Melelo ya Dibeteri tsa Hydrolock le tsa Metsi a a Letswai¶

Fa morwalela wa tshoganyetso, go tlhatloga ga setsuatsue mo lebopong, kgotsa morwalela o o tshosang wa mebila o inela koloi e e emeng kgotsa e e emeng, phoso e e senyang thata e mong wa koloi a ka e dirang e diragala morago ga gore metsi a morwalela a fokotsege: go tswa go ya kwa koloing le go retolola selotlolo sa go tshuba kgotsa go tobetsa . START konopo "fela go bona gore a e sa ntse e simolola." Go leka go tlhotlheletsa enjene e e tsentseng le eleng dimililitara di le 50 go ya go di le 100 (di-ounces di le 2 go ya go di le 3.5 tsa seeledi, kwa tlase ga halofo ya kopi ya tee) tsa metsi ka tsela ya yone e e tsenngwang mowa o o tsididi e e tsenngwang kwa tlase go dira gore e nne le lockstatic (hydrohydrolock): ka gonne metsi a a seedi ga a kgone go gatelelwa ka mmele, piston e e tlhatlogang e thulana le lebota le le tiileng la metsi mo teng ga phaposi ya go tuka ka 800 RPM, e koba kgotsa e thunya dithupana tse di golaganyang tsa tshipi e e betlilweng le go phunya leroba ka tlhamalalo ka boloko ya enjene ya tshipi e e latlhetsweng kgotsa ya aluminiamo mo **ka fa tlase ga,0. go boela ga dieledi go nna go emisetsa enjene ka $9,000.

Se se kotsi le go feta hydrolock ya metšhini ke kotsi ya molelo wa motlakase le wa dibeteri morago ga morwalela. Go ralala dikgaolo tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle morago ga go tlhatloga ga ditsuatsue le dikgwanyape, mafapha a molelo a lwantsha makgolokgolo a dikoloi tse di tukang ka go itiragalela fela diura, malatsi, le eleng dibeke di le 2 go ya go di le 4 morago ga gore metsi a tswe. Mo dikoloing tse di tlwaelegileng tsa peterolo le disele tsa divolte di le 12, metsi a morwalela a a tsamaisang (bogolo jang metsi a a letswai kgotsa a a letswai a lebopo) a kopanya ditheminale tse di siameng tsa maatla a a kwa godimo mo teng ga lebokoso la fuse/relay le le ka fa tlase ga hood (TIPM / BCM), solenoid ya go simolola, le alternator, di dira gore go nne le motlakase o o tswelelang pele, gase ya haeterojene, le dikhutshwane tse di phatsimang tse di kgonang go emelana le kopore le sulfide tse di neng di tshuba koloi mo teng ga karatšhe e e gokeletsweng mo gae. Mo Dikoloing tsa Motlakase wa Dibeteri (BEVs) le Di-Plug-In Hybrid (PHEVs) tse di nweleditsweng mo metsing a a letswai, go ne ga nna le motlakase o o kwa godimo mo kotsing (400V to 800V DC) dithibelo tsa diphuthelwana tsa lithiamo-ione di dira gore metsi a a letswai a jese dikgolagano tsa disele le go dira di-arc tsa borogo jwa letswai tse di tsamaisang motlakase, mme seno se dira gore go nne le go tshaba ga mogote wa lithiamo-ione (1,000+ degrees Celsius / 1,800+ degrees Fahrenheit) malatsi morago ga setsuatsue. Kaedi eno e go naya Sekala sa go Tlhatlhoba sa Waterline sa kgato ka kgato, melao ya go kgaola dibeteri tsa 12-volt, ditsamaiso tsa go phepafatsa metsi mo silindara ya polaka ya tlhase, melao ya kwarantine ya metsi a letswai a EV, le maano a go kopa tleleimi ya tatlhegelo yotlhe ya inšorense.

Dira se jaanong¶

1. O SE KE WA RETOLA SENOPO SA GO TLHOTLHOMISA, TOBETSA KONOPO YA START, KGOTSA DIRISA REMOTE START: Le ka motlha o se ke wa tlhoma koloi e e mo morwaleleng go e "leka," mme tila go tobetsa konopo ya go lotlolola ya fob kgotsa go bula dikgoro tse di dirisiwang ka maatla fa metsi a tlhotlhorega Mojule wa Taolo ya Mmele le go naya di-relay tse di tletseng maatla). Fa metsi a ka tsena mo ntlong ya setlhotlhi sa mowa kgotsa mo peiping ya ekesoso, go tshuba enjene ya go simolola le fa e le halofo ya motsotswana go tla lotlela ka metsi le go senya enjene kgotsa diyuniti tsa taolo ya eleketeroniki tse di tshelang tsa potologo e khutshwane (ECUs).
2. **FA KOLOI YA GAGO YA MOTLAKASE (EV) KGOTSA PLUG-IN HYBRID E NE E TLETSWE (BOGOLOGOLO MO METSI A A LETSWAI KGOTSA MO LETLHOTLHOMENG LA SEFEFO): E sutise dimitara di le 15 (maoto a le 50) go tswa mo ntlong epe kgotsa karatšheng ka bonako (kgotsa ** e tswe mo karatšheng U.S. Tsamaiso ya Pabalesego ya Pharakano ya Tselakgolo ya Bosetšhaba (NHTSA) le FEMA / Tsamaiso ya Molelo ya U.S. di tlhagisa gore dibeteri tsa goga tsa lithium-ion EV tse di inetsweng mo metsing a letswai di ka nna le go diega ga go kgaoga ga motlakase mo teng le go thunya ga mogote diura go ya go dibeke morago ga gore metsi a fokotsege. O se ka wa tšhaja EV e e mo morwaleleng, o se ka wa e tlogela e eme mo teng kgotsa gaufi le ntlo, mme fa o utlwa go thunya, go lela, go letsa molodi, kgotsa o bona mouwane o mosweu/botala o tswa kwa tlase ga koloi, leletsa batho ba lefelo leo dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso (911 kwa Amerika/Kanada, 112 kwa Yuropa, 999 kwa UK) ka bonako (bona go tuka ga beteri ya lithiamo-ion).
3. BATLHA LE GO TSAYA DINEPE TSA MOLA WA METSI A A GODIMO PELE O AMA SENGWE: Pele ga o bula dikgoro kgotsa o ntsha seretse ka fa ntle, tsaya dinepe tsa smartphone tse di nang le setempe sa nako tsa ring ya metsi a seretse, bojang, kgotsa seretse (high-water mark) ka fa ntle ga mabati, maotwana, lefelo la enjene, le letsela la setulo sa ka fa teng. Batlhomamisi ba inšorense ba dirisa bogodimo jo bo tlhomameng jwa mola wa metsi fa bo bapisiwa le di-sill tsa dikgoro, dikhushene tsa ditulo, le dashboard go bona gore a koloi ke Tatlhegelo yotlhe ya Semolao e e itirisang.
4. GOLOLA BETERI YA 12-VOLT (GA E TLHOKE - BLACK CABLE FIRST) FA GO BABALESEGILE GO DIRA JALO (DIKOLOI TSA PETERONI / DISELE FELA): Mo koloing e e tlwaelegileng ya peterolo kgotsa ya disele kwa metsi a morwalela a fokotsegileng gotlhelele mme beteri e omile e bile e ka fitlhelelwa ka fa tlase ga hood, dirisa senotlolo sa dimilimitara di le 10 go bofolola theNemo le-, Black) tlelampe ya theminale ya betri mme o phuthele pheletso ya kheibole ka lesela le omileng kapa ka kgetsi ya polasetiki hore e se ke ya phatloha morao kgahlano le palo. Go kgaola beteri ya 12-volt go emisa electrolysis e e tswelelang ya galvanic mo dithapong tsa dithapo tse di tletseng metsi mme go thibela solenoid e e khutshwafaditsweng ya go simolola kgotsa rilei ya fene ya tsidifatso go tshuba molelo o o ka fa tlase ga hood bosigo jotlhe. (Ela tlhoko: Le ka motlha o se ke wa ama megala ya motlakase o o kwa godimo ya mmala wa namune mo Hybrid kgotsa EV, mme le ka motlha o se ke wa ama beteri ya 12V e e santseng e ntse mo metsing a a emeng kgotsa e e tlhotlhoregang/e e budulelang).
5. TLHOTLHOMISA MAFELO A MABEDI KA TLASE GA HOOD PELE MAKHENIKI OPE A LEKA GO KRANK ENJINE: (A) Elemente ya Setlhotlhi sa Mowa sa Pampiri le (B) Di-Dipstick tsa Oli ya Enjene le Phetiso.
6. Unclip polasetiki Enjene Moea Filter Box le utloa pleated pampiri moea filthara elements: haeba filthara e metsi, soggy, kapa e na le seretse metsi pooled ka tlase ya polasetiki airbox, metsi a batla a kene ka manifold intake le disilindara.
7. Goga Dipstick ya Oli ya Enjene le Dipstick ya Phetiso: fa selekanyo sa seeledi se balega kwa godimo ga FULL letshwao, le bontsha marothi a metsi mo thupeng ya tshipi, kgotsa le lebega jaaka milkshake ya tšhokolete e e tan/pinki, metsi a tsene mo crankcase kgotsa mo phetisong ka diphatlha tsa go hema.
8. FAELA TLHOKOMELO YA GAGO E E AKARETSANG YA INŠORENSE YA KOLOI KA BONAKO O ME O BULE MOTHO OTLHE/DIFESETERE GO EMISA MOUTA O MONTSHO O O BOTLHOLE: Tshenyo ya morwalela e sireleditswe ka fa tlase ga Inšorense e e Akaretsa ("E Ntle le Thulano") ya dikoloi. Letsetsa moinšorense wa gago go bona tleleimi mo moleng pele ga dillori tsa go goga tsa kgaolo le ditlhomamiso di imelwa, mme o tshegetse mabati kgotsa difensetere gore di bulege (fa e le gore di tswa mo puleng) gore dikhapete tse di metsi di se ka tsa tlhoga mouta o o botlhole wa Stachybotrys / Aspergillus mo teng ga ntlwana mo diureng di le 48.

flowchart TD
    A["Koloi e e Tlhotlhelediwang ke Metsi a Morwalela kgotsa Sefefo (Metsi a Kgologetse)"] --> B["MOLAO O O TLHELELENG #1: O SE KE WA RETOLA SENOPO KGOTSA WA TOBETSA START<br/>Tsaya senepe sa kwa ntle le sa ka fa teng sa Mola wa Seretse sa Metsi a a kwa Godimo go bona Inšorense pele"]
    B --> C{"Koloi ke Mofuta ofe wa Powertrain?"}
    C -->|"Motlakase wa Beteri (BEV) kgotsa Motswako wa Polaka (PHEV)"| D["KOTSI E E FETILENG YA MOGOTE WA METSI A LETSWAI:<br/>1. O SE KE wa ama megala ya HV kgotsa wa tsenya tšhaja<br/>2. Goga/sutisa sejanaga 15 m (50 ft) go tswa mo dibopegong tsotlhe<br/>3. Leletsa 911/112/999 fa o tlhotlhora, o thunya, kgotsa o goga"]
    C -->|"Peterolo e e Tlwaelegileng kgotsa Disele (ICE)"| E["Tlhola Beteri ya 12V: Fa metsi a dule mme beteri e sa tlhotlhore/e mogote, kgaola Theminale ya Negative (-) ya 12V ka senotlolo sa 10mm"]
    E --> F{"Metsi a Morwalela a Fitlheletse kwa Godimo Go le Kana Kang mo Koloing?"}
    F -->|"Maemo 1: Ka fa tlase ga Botlase jwa Disile tsa Dikgoro (Ka fa tlase ga 15 go ya go 20 cm / 6 go ya go 8 in; dikhapete di omile 100%)"| G["Hlahloba Lebokoso la Setlhotlhi sa Mowa + Di-Dipstick tsa Oli/Trans/Diff; Diboriki tse di omileng; E babalesegile go ka dirisiwa fa diedi le lebokoso la mowa di omile"]
    F -->|"Maemo 2: Mo godimo ga Dikgoro / Dikhapete tse di Metsi go fitlha kwa Tlase ga Dikhushene tsa Setulo"| H["O SE KE WA SIMOLOLA: Mojule wa SRS wa Airbag, Dithapo tsa Mmele le Dibering tsa Mabili di Inwetse; Goga go tlhatlhobiwa (Gantsi Tatlhegelo yotlhe ya Inšorense)"]
    F -->|"Maemo 3: Fa godimo ga Dikhushene tsa Setulo, Dasheboto, kgotsa Mowa o o Tsenang mo Enjeneng"| I["TATLHEGELO YOTLHELE LE KOTSI YA HYDROLOCK / MOLLO:<br/>Fa go lekwa go boloka ka motšhini go tswa mo kgetsaneng, TSHWANETSE go goga Dipolaka tsotlhe tsa Spark / Dipolaka tsa Phatsimo le go ntsha diedi tsotlhe PELE ga o tlhoma"]

Sekale sa Maemo a le 4 sa go Tlhaola Metsi a Morwalela: Tshenyo ya Metšhini kgatlhanong le Palogotlhe ya Tatlhegelo ya Inšorense¶

Pele ga o dirisa dolara e le nngwe go baakanya kgotsa go goga, batla mola wa seretse/seretse mo dithaereng le mo dikgorong tsa gago mme o o tshwantshanye le tafole eno ya go tlhaola ya boenjenere le ya inšorense:

Kgato 1: Go Tlhaloganya Selotlolo sa Haeterostatiki ("Hydrolock") le Kafa o ka Tlhamolang Enjene e e Tletseng ka Metsi ka Pabalesego¶

Fa o se na inšorense e e akaretsang ya morwalela (sekao, mo koloing ya bogologolo e e duelwang, lori ya tiro, kgotsa 4x4 e e sa tsamayeng ka tsela) mme o tlhoka go tlhomamisa gore a enjene e ka bolokwa ka motšhini kwantle ga go koba thobane e e golaganyang, o tshwanetse go tlhaloganya **ka fa metsi a tsenang ka teng mo teng ga enjene e e tswaletsweng le go ** simolola enjene e e tswaletsweng.

1. Kafa Metsi a Tsenang ka Gone mo Disilindareng Le fa Enjene e ne E TIMILWE ka Nako ya Morwalela¶

Bakgweetsi gantsi ba tsaya gore: "Koloi ya me e ne e eme mme e timilwe fa mmila o tletse ka metsi, ka jalo e ne e ka se ka ya goga metsi mo enjeneng." Kakanyo eo e senya diketekete tsa dienjene ngwaga le ngwaga. Metsi a tsena mo enjeneng e e emeng, e e tswetsweng ka ditsela tse pedi tse di bulegileng: 1. Tsela A, Ka Snorkel ya go Tsenya Mowa o o Tsididi le Dibelofo tse di Bulegileng tsa go Tsenya: - Dikoloi tsa segompieno tsa bapalami le di-SUV ga di goge mowa go tswa kwa godimo ga hood; go tshwara mowa o o kitlaneng, o o tsidifetseng, gantsi baenjenere ba tsamaisa polasetiki resonator ya go tsenya mowa le tšhupu ya snorkel kwa tlase kwa tlase ka fa morago ga sekhurumetso sa bumper ya kwa pele kgotsa mo teng ga sediba sa leotwana la fender la kwa pele la moja/molemeng (ka dinako tse dingwe fela 35 go ​​ya go 50 centimeters / 14 go ya go 20 inches go tswa fa fatshe). - Hang ha metsi a morwallo a nyoloha ka holimo ho bulehileng hore ho kena, metsi a tlatsa lebokose la sefepi sa moya, a phalla ho feta mmele wa throttle ka plenum ya intake manifold, mme **a matha ka matla a kgohelo a otlolohile ho feta dibelofo dife kapa dife tsa ho kena tsa silindara tse ileng tsa etsahala ho ema boemong bo bulehileng ** ha o qetella ho tima di-linder tseo ka briter ho enjene, fi. 2. Tsela B, Go boela kwa morago ka Peipi ya Mogatla wa Ekesoso le Dibelofo tse di Bulegileng tsa Ekesoso: - Fa metsi a morwalela a tlhatlogela kwa godimo ga peipi ya mogatla e e kwa morago (disentimetara di le 25 go ya go di le 40 / disentimetara di le 10 go ya go di le 16), metsi a elela kwa pele ka sethibela-modumo le sefetoledi sa setlhotlheletsi, a tlhatlogela kwa godimo ga manifold ya go ntsha mosi, mme a tsena mo disilindareng ka dibelofo dipe tse di bulegileng tsa go ntsha mosi.

2. Fisika ya Hydrolock: Mowa (o o Gatelelwang) kgatlhanong le Metsi (a a sa Gatelelwang)¶

Mo enjeneng e e tlwaelegileng ya peterolo ya diseterouku di le 4 (9:1 to 11:1 compression ratio) kgotsa enjene ya disele (16:1 to 20:1 compression ratio), piston e e tlhatlogang e gatelela mowa go nna dimililitara tse dinnye tsa 40 go ya go 55 (cc) bolumu ya go tlosiwa kwa Lefelong le le kwa Godimo le le Suleng (TDC). Ka gonne digase di kgona go gatelelwa, piston e gatelela motswako wa mowa le lookwane ka thelelo. Metsi a a seedi ga a kgone go gatelelwa ka diperesente di le 100. Fa e le gore **dimililitara di le 60 fela tsa metsi di ntse mo godimo ga piston fa o dirisa enjene ya go simolola ya torque e e kwa godimo (kgotsa se se maswe le go feta, fa disilindara tse dingwe tse di omileng di thunya le go kgweetsa crankshaft ka 1 000 RPM), Setheo se se Suleng. Ka gonne metsi a sa kgone go gatelela mme dibelofo tsa go tsenya/go ntsha di tswetswe, thobane e e golaganyang ya tshipi e e betlilweng e bofagana go nna S-shape kgotsa e thunya ka bogare, e thunya ntlha ya thobane e e thubegileng ka tlhamalalo go ralala letlhakore la boloko ya enjene.

3. Porothokholo ya "Spark-Plug-Out Purge" ya Dikgato di le 6 ya Metšhini (Ya go Pholosa ga Metšhini e e sa Inšorilweng / ya DIY Fela)¶

Fa o se na tshireletso ya inšorense mme o tshwanetse go leka go boloka enjene ya peterolo kgotsa ya disele e e tletseng ka bowena, le ka motlha o se kerenke enjene go fitlha o wetsa dikgato tsotlhe tse thataro ka tatelano e e tlhomameng:

1. Kgato 1, Tlhatlhoba Lebokoso la Setlhotlhi sa Mowa le Diphaephe tsa go Tsenya Mowa:
2. Bolola sekwahelo sa airbox, tlosa setlhotlhi sa mowa sa pampiri, mme o bofolole boot ya accordion ya go tsenya rabara mo mmeleng wa throttle. Phimola metsi otlhe a a emeng le seretse mo lebokosong la mowa le mo tseleng ya go tsenya metsi.
3. Kgato 2, Tlhola le go ntsha Oli ya Crankcase ya Enjene PELE O Dira Sengwe Se Sengwe:
4. Goga dipstick ya oli. Ela tlhoko ntlha eno e e boferefere ya fisikisi: Oli e kokobala mo godimo ga metsi. Fa halofo ya litara ya metsi a morwalela e ka elela kwa tlase mo paneng ya gago ya oli, dipstick e ka nna ya bontsha oli e e phepa kwa godimo fa metsi a a phepa a ntse kwa tlase thata ga pane gone fa sekerini sa go tsaya pompo ya oli se nnang teng.
5. Beha pane ya ho ntsha metsi tlasa polaka ya ho ntsha oli ya enjene mme o phatlohe polaka e lokolohile makgetlo a 3 feela: haeba metsi a hlwekileng kapa a seretse a fela pele pele ho oli e lefifi ya enjene (kapa haeba oli e shebahala e le tan e le lebese), ntsha crankcase kaofela ka ho feletseng, nkela sebaka sefepi sa oli sa enjene, mme o tlatse hape ka oli e foreshe ya enjene.
6. Kgato 3, Tlosa Dipolaka TSOTLHE tsa Spark (Dienjini tsa Peterolo) kgotsa Dipolaka tsa Glow / Diinjector (Dienjini tsa Disele):
7. Tlosa dikhoele tsa go tuka mo polakeng mme o bofolole polaka nngwe le nngwe ya tlhase mo disilindareng tsotlhe di le 4, 6, kgotsa 8.
8. Ke ka ntlha yang fa seno se thibela hydrolock: Ka dipolaka tsa tlhase di tlositswe, silintara nngwe le nngwe jaanong e na le lesoba la go fokotsa kgatelelo ya dimilimitara di le 14 le le bulegileng thata kwa godimo ga phaposi ya go tuka. Metsi a ka se tlhole a tshwarwa ke piston e e tlhatlogang.
9. Kgato 4, Tima Tsamaiso ya Lookwane (Pull the Fuel Pump Fuse/Relay) mme o Dikolose Kerenkešafote ka Seatla Pele:
10. Bula lebokoso la fuse le le ka fa tlase ga hood mme o ntshe FUEL PUMP fuse kgotsa rilei le IGNITION fuse (fa o ka crank enjene ka dipolaka tsa tlhase kwa ntle fa di-injector tsa lookwane di santse di gasetsa peterolo, dikhuti tse di bulegileng tsa polaka ya tlhase di tla thunya geyser ya peterolo e e atomized mo dikhoeleng tsa go simolola tse di mogote kgotsa tsa go tuka mme di tshube molelo wa lefelo la enjene).
11. Tsenya bara e telele ya go thuba le sokete mo seboutung sa tekatekano sa harmoniki sa kerenkeshafote ya kwa pele mme o dikolose enjene ditikologo di le 2 tse di tletseng (720 degrees) ka seatla. Go e retolola ka seatla go dira gore o utlwe ka bonolo fa seretse se se bokete kgotsa matlakala a bofa disilindara mme a kgoromeletsa bontsi jwa metsi kwa ntle ga dikhutsi tsa polaka ya tlhase kwantle ga tirisodikgoka ya starter-motor.
12. Kgato 5, Crank ka Starter go Thunya ga Metsotswana e le 5 go Ntsha Metsi a a Setseng a Silintara:
13. Drape taulo e boima ka ho lokoloha ka hodimo ho sekwahelo sa belofo (ho tshwara di-geyser tsa metsi a ditshila), ema hlakileng, mme o crank starter bakeng sa dithunya tse pedi kapa tse tharo tsa metsotswana e 5 ho fihlela mouwane wa metsi wa lefela o tswa dikoting tse bulehileng tsa polaka ya tlhase.
14. Squirt 5 millilitres (1 teaspoon) ya oli e hlwekileng ya enjene kapa oli ya ho fogging ka hara lesoba le leng le le leng le bulehileng la polaka ya tlhase ho busetsa togetso maboteng a silintara a hlatswitsweng le di-ring tsa piston (ho seng jwalo di-ring tse omileng tsa tshepe e lahletsweng di tla rusa-weld ka bobona ho mabota a silintara24urs).
15. Tsenya dipolaka tsa tlhase tse dišwa kgotsa tse di omisitsweng, tsenya gape setlhotlhi sa mowa sa pampiri e e omileng e ntšhwa, tsenya fuse ya pompo ya peterolo gape, mme o simolole enjene go thuthafatsa oli le go mowafatsa motlhala wa bongola, morago ga moo fetola oli ya enjene mme o sefe lekgetlo la bobedi morago ga metsotso e le 20 ya go dira.
16. Kgato 6, Tlhola le go ntsha metsi a Phetiso, Kgetse ya Phetiso, Diasele tsa Pharologano, le Seeledi sa Diboriki:
17. Mong le e mong jarolla ka ho iketsa / pukwanana phetiso, 4WD phetiso nyeoe, le pele / morao asele phapang na le nyenyane ** kgatello-phomolo breather vent cap ** ka holimo ho lona matlo. Fa metsi a morwalela a tlhatlogela kwa godimo ga ditšhupu tsa ase (25 to 35 cm / 10 to 14 inches), metsi a a tsididi a goga ka tlhamalalo ka sephefo sa asele go tsena mo oling ya kere. Seedi sa phetiso e e itirisang se se kgotletsweng ke metsi (ATF) e tlhotlhora di-lining tsa kgotlhano tsa clutch tse di theilweng mo pampiring mo teng ga phetiso e e itirisang mo sebakeng sa dikilometara di le 50 (dimaele di le 30) tsa go kgweetsa. Tlhatswa le go tlhatswa phetiso epe e e nang le mashi kgotsa seeledi sa pharologano pele o kgweetsa.

Kgato 2: Ke Eng fa Metsi a Letswai le Metsi a Morwalela a a Letswai a Senya Dikoloi ka Bosakhutleng (le go Baka Melelo e e Diegileng)¶

Dikhamphani tsa inšorense le baenjenere ba dikoloi ba thala mola o mohibidu o o feletseng fa gare ga diphuka tsa pula tsa metsi a a phepa le metsi a letswai a lebopo / metsi a morwalela a a letswai a molomo wa lewatle:

1. Phelelo ya Thapo ya Dithapo tsa Dithapo ("Kankere ya Legogo le le Tala")¶

Dithapo tsa segompieno tsa dikoloi ga se megala e e tswaletsweng e e nang le konokono e e tiileng; di na le makgolokgolo a dithapo tsa kopore tse di sa aparang tse dintsi tse di tsenngwang mo ditheminaleng tsa diphini tsa kopore tse di sa tswalelwang mo teng ga dipolaka tsa segokaganyi sa polasetiki. - Kafa metsi a letswai a tsamayang ka gone go tlhatloga thaba mo teng ga thapo: Fa botlase jwa thapo ya dithapo tsa fa fatshe bo nna mo disentimetareng di le 5 (disentimetara di le 2) tsa metsi a letswai ka lobaka lwa ura, tiro ya di-capillary e ntsha metsi a a letswai go ya kwa godimo ga diphatlha tse dinnye fa gare ga ditlhale tsa thapo ya kopore PVC ka fa tlase ga,30 disentimetara (maoto a le 1 go ya go a le 3) go tlhatloga** go tsena mo dikhomphuteng tsa dashboard tse di neng di sa ke di ama le metsi. - Go palelwa go go diegileng dikgwedi di le 3 go ya go di le 12 moragonyana: Ka gonne letswai (sodium chloride) e na le hygroscopic (e monya bongola go tswa mo moweng o o bongola ka bosakhutleng), ditlhale tseo tsa terata ya kopore di bola ka iketlo go nna botala jo bo sa tsamaiseng motlakase chloride ya kopore le phofo ya verdigris mo teng ga insulation. Koloi e e tletseng metsi a letswai e e lebegang e simolola le go kgweetsa sentle morago ga go oma e tla nna le diphoso tsa lesedi la airbag tse di sa rulaganngwang, go latlhegelwa ke maatla a go tsamaisa koloi ka tshoganyetso mo tseleng e kgolo, go tima ga setlhopha sa didirisiwa tsa dipoko, le disensara tsa go thulana tsa SRS tse di jegileng dikgwedi moragonyana.

2. Ke Eng fa Airbag e Tletse ka Morwalela (SRS) Dimojulu ke Go Betšha go go Bolayang¶

Mojule wa Taolo ya Airbag ya SRS (ACM) e batla e bofilwe ka bophara ka kotloloho ho ntlha e tlase ka ho fetisisa ya tshepe ya thanele ya bohareng (tlasa console ya bohareng kapa khapete e ka pele) hobane ke yona setsi sa sebopeho sa kgohelo ya koloi bakeng sa ho lekanya matla a G a ho fokotsa lebelo la ho thulana. - Fa metsi a morwalela a ka kgabaganya di-sill tsa dikgoro mme a kolobisa khapete, Mojule wa Taolo ya Airbag ke mongwe wa mabokoso a ntlha a ileketeroniki a a nwelang mo metsing. - Modiri mongwe le mongwe wa dikoloi (OEM Position Statement) e laela ka thata gore Mojule mongwe le mongwe wa Taolo ya Airbag ya SRS, sensara ya thulano, kgotsa sediriswa sa go dira gore lebanta la tshireletsego la pyrotechnic le le nwetsweng mo metsing kgotsa se le mo metsing se TSHWANETSE go latlhiwa le go emisediwa ka se sengwe, se se ka sa omisiwa le go dirisiwa gape. Go bola mo teng ga mojule wa SRS go ka thibela di-airbag go thunya mo kotsing e e bolayang kgotsa ga tsosa go thunya ga di-airbag go go sa laelweng, go go itiragaletseng fela fa o kgweetsa mo tseleng e kgolo ka lobelo lwa 110 km/h (70 mph).

Kgato 3: Ditleleimi tsa Inšorense, Dituelo tsa Tatlhegelo yotlhe, le go Tila Boferefere jwa Dikoloi tsa Morwalela wa Morago ga Setsuatsue¶

1. Kafa Ditleleimi tsa Morwalela tse di Akaretsa di Dirang ka Gone:
2. Tshenyo ya morwalela (e ka tswa e le ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga metsi mo mebileng, morwalela wa tshoganyetso, go tlhatloga ga setsuatsue sa setsuatsue, kgotsa karatšhe ya go paka e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e tletseng morwalela) e akarediwa ka diperesente di le 100 ke Inšorense e e Akaretsang ya Dikoloi (go ntsha madi a o a gogelwang), mme mo dinageng di le dintsi **go tsenya inšorense e e akaretsang ya morwalela tsela e thulano ya at-fault e dirang ka yone.
3. O se ka wa leta go faela: Morago ga morwalela wa kgaolo, ditlamo tsa inšorense di dirisa Catastrophe (CAT) ditlhopha le go hira ditsela tse dikgolo tsa boemelafofane go boloka dikoloi tsa morwalela di le dikete di le masomesome tse di kopantsweng. Go faela ka Letsatsi la 1 ka dinepe tse di bonalang sentle tsa mogala wa seretse sa metsi a a kwa godimo mo dikgorong tsa gago le mo ditulong tse di ka fa teng gantsi go letla moinšorense go bolela gore koloi ya gago ke Tatlhegelo yotlhe o le kgakala ka go tsenya dinepe le go romela Boleng jwa Madi a gago a Seatleng (ACV) tuelo ka malatsi go na le dibeke.
4. Ela tlhoko Serai sa "Pholoso e e Tshwerweng ke Mong" mo Kolong e e Tlhotlhetsweng ke Morwalela:
5. Bakgweetsi bangwe ba raelesega go amogela tuelo e e fokoditsweng go sekae ya inšorense go " boloka koloi e tletse metsi (owner-retained salvage)" mme ba e omise ka bobone. O se ka wa dira seno mo koloing ya segompieno e e laolwang ke khomphiutha (kgotsa morwalela mongwe le mongwe wa metsi a letswai). Fa DMV ya puso e sena go kwala setlhogo seno jaaka FLOOD / SALVAGE, koloi e latlhegelwa ke diperesente di le 50 go ya go di le 80 tsa boleng jwa yone jwa go rekisiwa gape, ba inshorense ba le bantsi ba gana go kwala gore e sireleditswe ka botlalo, mme dimojule tsa mmele tse di jegileng, diraka tsa go tsamaisa koloi tsa motlakase (R1 000), le diphetiso di tla ntsha madi mo akhaontong ya gago ya banka mo dikgweding di le 12 tse di latelang.
6. Kafa o ka Bonang Koloi ya Morwalela e e "Tlhatswitsweng ka Setlhogo" ka Gone Fa O Reka Koloi e e Tla Emang Morago ga Setsuatsue:
7. Mo malatsing a le 30 go ya go a le 90 morago ga morwalela mongwe le mongwe o mogolo, baagi ba ba sa ikanyegeng ba reka diketekete tsa dikoloi tse di tletseng morwalela kwa difantising tsa go boloka, ba tlhatswa dikhapete ka shampoo, ba di tsamaisa go kgabaganya melelwane ya naga kgotsa ya bosetšhaba go "tlhatswa" letshwaokgwebo la morwalela mo setlhogong sa pampiri, mme ba di rekisetsa bareki ba ba sa belaeleng sepe.
8. Lenaanenetefatso la Metsotso e le 5 la go Lemoga Koloi ya Morwalela pele ga o reka koloi epe e e dirisitsweng:
   • Goga mabanta a pabalesego go fitlha kwa ntlheng ya sepole sa retractor mme o batle matheba a bongola, diring tsa mouta, kgotsa seretse kwa tlase ga 30 cm (12 inches) ya webbing (batlhalosi ba ka shampoo ditulo, fela ga ba kgone go phepafatsa mo teng ga retractor ya lebanta la pabalesego le le tswaletsweng).
   • Leba ka fa tlase ga dashboard ka lebone mo masakaneng a tshipi a a sa pentiwang a a tshwereng kholomo ya go tsamaisa le terapa ya diboriki: mo koloing e e omileng, tshipi e e sa pentiwang e e ka fa tlase ga dashboard e nna e le selefera e e phatsimang; ka koloi morwalela, mongobo khabinete mongobo retelehela hlobotse tlas'a-dash tšepe masakaneng junifomo lamunu le bokaholimo rusi.
   • Hlahloba thaere ya spare hantle tlasa khapete ya kutu mme o hule morao sekhutlo sa khapete ya footwell e ka pele ka morao ho di-pedal ho sheba seretse se sootho se omisitsweng kapa ho bola ho bosweu ba tjhoko dihloong tsa diboutu tsa aluminiamo.
   • Tsamaisa VIN ya dinomoro di le 17 ka NICB VINCheck polokelotshedimosetso kgotsa NMVTIS (National Motor Vehicle Title Information System) polokelotshedimosetso ya morwalela pele ga go neela madi ape.

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Ke ka ntlha yang fa ke sa tshwanela go retolosa selotlolo kgotsa go tobetsa konopo ya Start go leka gore a koloi ya me e sa ntse e dira morago ga morwalela?¶

Go retolosa senotlolo sa go tshuba kgotsa go tobetsa konopo ya Start morago ga morwalela go baka go palelwa gabedi ka bonako, go go bakang masetlapelo. Sa ntlha, fa metsi a morwalela a ne a tlhatlogela kwa godimo mo go lekaneng go tsena mo peiping ya mogatla ya enjene e e tsenngwang kwa tlase kgotsa ya go ntsha mosi mme a elela go feta belefo e e bulegileng go tsena mo silintareng, go tlhoma enjene ya go simolola go itaya piston e e tlhatlogang kgatlhanong le metsi a a sa gateleleng a enjene (selotlolo sa hydrostatic kgotsa hydrolock), se se obegang kgotsa se se thibelang go feta halofo ya motsotswana. Sa bobedi, le fa metsi a ne a sa fitlhe kwa disilindareng tsa enjene, go retolola selotlolo go naya dimmojulu tsa taolo ya ileketeroniki tse di metsi, mabokoso a difuse le khomphiutha ya airbag maatla fa metsi a a seretse kgotsa a a letswai a a tsamaisang a ntse a kopanya diboto tsa tsone tsa sekete, a gadika didirisiwa tsa ileketeroniki tse di turang kgotsa a tshuba molelo wa motlakase o o ka bong o thibetswe pele ke go tshuba.

Metsi a morwalela a tshwanetse go tsena kwa teng go le kana kang pele ga khampani ya inshorense e bolela gore koloi e latlhegetswe gotlhelele?¶

As a general industry rule across North America, Europe, and Australia, if floodwater stays strictly below the bottom of the door sills (roughly 15 to 20 centimeters or 6 to 8 inches deep, touching only the lower tires and brakes while leaving the interior carpets 100 percent dry), the vehicle is usually repairable after checking the axle and transmission diedi. However, once floodwater rises over the door sills and pools inside the passenger cabin on the floor carpets, and especially once it reaches the bottom of the seat cushions or dashboard, insurance companies almost always declare the vehicle an automatic Total Loss. Seo ke ka gonne dikoloi tsa segompieno di tsenya SRS Airbag Control Module, dithapo tsa dithapo tsa mmele o mogolo, le dimojulu tsa go tsamaisa maatla a motlakase ka tlhamalalo mo paneng e e fa fatshe, mme melao ya pabalesego ya batlhagisi e thibela go dirisa gape airbag e e nwetsweng ke morwalela kgotsa didirisiwa tsa ileketeroniki tsa pabalesego.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa dikoloi tsa motlakase (EV) le di-hybrid di le mo kotsing e kgolo jaana ya go tshwarwa ke molelo malatsi kgotsa dibeke morago ga morwalela wa metsi a letswai?¶

Diphuthelwana tsa dibeteri tsa lithium-ion tsa maatla a a kwa godimo (tse di dirang ka 400 go ya go 800 volts DC) di tswaletswe mo teng ga mafelo a a sireletsang a a ka fa tlase ga mmele a a nang le diphatlha tsa go hema tse di lekalekanyang kgatelelo. When an EV or plug-in hybrid sits submerged in deep floodwater, especially highly conductive coastal saltwater or brackish storm surge, water can breach aging seals or vent membranes and enter the battery pack. Inside the pack, saltwater corrodes metal cell tabs and busbars, causes continuous electrolysis that releases flammable hydrogen gas, and leaves behind conductive salt bridges even after the water drains out. This internal short-circuiting heats individual lithium-ion cells until they enter self-sustaining thermal runaway (exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius or 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit), igniting an intense chemical fire hours, days, or up to several weeks after the flood. Ka metlha phaka kgotsa goga EV epe e e mo kotsing ya morwalela bobotlana dimitara di le 15 (maoto a le 50) kwa ntle kgakala le magae, dikaratšhe le dikoloi tse dingwe.

A metsi a ka tsena mo teng ga disilindara tsa me tsa enjene fa koloi e ne e eme e bile e timilwe nako yotlhe ka nako ya morwalela?¶

Ee. Ga o tlhoke go kgweetsa mo mogobeng gore o bone metsi a a tlatsang disilindara tsa enjene ya gago. Fa enjene ya go tuka ka fa gare e timilwe, bonnye dibelofo tse pedi kgotsa go feta tsa go tsenya le go ntsha mosi ka metlha di ema mo seemong se se bulegileng. If rising floodwater submerges either the engine's cold-air intake snorkel (which is often tucked low inside the front bumper or wheel well, only 35 to 50 centimeters or 14 to 20 inches off the ground) or the rear exhaust tailpipe, gravity and hydrostatic pressure push water straight through the intake manifold or peipi ya go ntsha mosi mme o fete dibelofo tseo tse di bulegileng, o tlatsa disilindara ka metsi fa koloi e ntse e eme. Fa morago ga moo o ka tlhoma setatara mo mosong o o latelang o sa ntsha dipolaka tsa tlhase pele, enjene e tla hydrolock ka bonako.

Metswedi e tlhotlhomisitswe¶

• Tsamaiso ya Bosetšhaba ya Pabalesego ya Pharakano ya Ditselakgolo (NHTSA) & Tsamaiso ya Molelo ya U.S. / FEMA (United States): Kaelo ya Nakwana ya Dikoloi tsa Motlakase le tsa Motlakase o o Kopantsweng Tse di Tsentsweng ka Dibeteri tsa Motlakase o o Kwa Godimo Morago ga go Tlhatloga ga Setsuatsue sa Metsi a a Letswai le go Nwelela ga Morwalela wa Quarantine /5ot-500. Porothokholo).
• Biro ya Bosenyi ya Inšorense ya Bosetšhaba (NICB) & Setheo sa Inšorense sa Pabalesego ya Ditsela tse dikgolo (IIHS) (United States): Dipalopalo tsa go Tlhaola Dikoloi tsa Morago ga Morwalela wa Setsuatsue, Melao ya Semolao ya go Tlhaola Dikoloi tsa Morwalela/Morwalela, le Lenaane la go Tlhatlhoba Dikoloi tsa Morwalela tse di Tlhatswitsweng ka Ditlhogo.
• Khonferense ya Diintaseteri tse di farologaneng ka ga go baakanya go thulana ga dikoloi (I-CAR) le Dipolelo tsa Boemo jwa OEM: Melao e e Tlamang ya go Emisetsa Dimojule tsa Taolo ya Airbag ya Tsamaiso ya Tlaleletso ya Thibelo e e Pegetsweng ke Metsi (SRS), Go bola ga Dithapo tsa Dithapo tsa Dikoloi, le Dikopano tsa go Tsamaisa Motlakase.
• Mokgatlho wa Baenjenere ba Dikoloi (SAE) le Botswerere jwa Tirelo ya Dikoloi (ASE): Selotlolo sa Hydrostatic (Hydrolock) Bomekheniki jwa Kgatelelo ya Dithobane tsa Kgolaganyo le Go Tlhatswa Kgotlelego ya Seeledi sa Kerenkeise/Sehemi sa Phetiso Morago ga go Nwela.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Koloi mo metsing: go tshaba ga koloi e e nwelang le go falola
• Dibeteri tsa Lithium-ion di a tuka le go tshaba ga mogote
• Kotsi ya dikoloi tsa motlakase, tsa motswako, le tsa haeterojene le maemo a tshoganyetso a molelo
• Dipaakanyo tsa tshoganyetso tsa fa thoko ga tsela le tharabololo ya mathata
• Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso go ya ka dinaga