Winter storm preparedness for the home: supplies, food and water, pets, backup heat, and a 72 hour plan¶

A winter storm can leave a household without power, heat, running water or safe roads for days. The people who cope best are not the ones with the most gear. They are the ones who decided in advance where to stay warm, how to get news, what to eat and drink, and when to leave if the house becomes unsafe.

This guide gives you a practical plan. It covers the supplies to keep at home, food and water, medicines and special needs, pets, backup heat and light, staying informed, protecting the house, and a 72 hour timeline from the first forecast to the day after the storm. For what to do during the event, see winter storm safety. For the general home kit, see emergency kit.

Dira se jaanong¶

1. Check the forecast and alerts from your national weather service (the National Weather Service in the United States, the Met Office in the United Kingdom, Environment and Climate Change Canada). Know the difference between a watch, which means conditions are possible, and a warning, which means they are expected or happening.
2. Make sure you have at least 3 days of food and water, and ideally more. A common guide is 4 liters (1 gallon) of water per person per day, for drinking and basic hygiene.
3. Charge phones, power banks and radios. Fill the car's fuel tank, and fetch medicines and any pet food you need.
4. Choose one room in the house to stay in if the heat fails, and set up blankets, a battery lamp and warm clothing there.
5. Test your smoke alarms and battery powered carbon monoxide alarms, and make a plan for safe heat. Never use a grill, camp stove or generator indoors.
6. Tell a neighbor or relative your plan, and check on those who live alone, are older, or have medical needs. If you must leave, go before the storm arrives, not during it. Call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) only for emergencies. See dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso.

Know the risks in your area¶

Winter storms are not all alike. Heavy snow, ice, extreme cold, high wind and flooding from thaw each bring different problems. Look up the risks where you live, and plan for the worst case that is realistic.

Also think about who lives with you. Babies, older adults, people with health conditions, and people who use powered medical equipment need extra planning. See keeping older adults safe in cold weather le older adults emergency planning.

Build the supply kit¶

Keep your kit in one place that is easy to reach in the dark, such as a closet near the room you will use. Use sturdy containers, check dates twice a year and replace what you use. Ready.gov and the Red Cross recommend supplies for at least 72 hours, and many agencies now suggest a week or more in places that get severe winters or have fragile power grids.

Lesedi le tlhaeletsano¶

• Radio ya beteri kgotsa ya kerenke ya letsogo e e nang le setlhopha sa maemo a bosa, gore o kgone go utlwa dintšhwafatso tsa semmuso fa ditora tsa disele di palelwa
• Dipone kgotsa dipone tsa tlhogo tse di nang le dibeteri tse di oketsegileng, le dipone tsa dibeteri. Tila dikerese, tse di bakang melelo. Bona go tshuba dipone tsa tshoganyetso kwa ntle ga dikerese.
• Ditšhaja tsa founo le dibanka tsa motlakase tse di tšhajilwe, mmogo le tšhaja ya koloi
• Letsa molodi go bontsha gore o batla thuso
• Lenaneo le gatisitsweng la batho ba ba ikgolaganyang le bone ka tshoganyetso le buka e nnye le pene. Bona jenereitara ya karata ya kgolagano ya tshoganyetso.

Bothitho¶

• Dikobo tse di bothitho, dikgetsi tsa go robala tse di lekanyeditsweng go tsidifala, le boboa kgotsa boboa jo bo latlhetsweng motho mongwe le mongwe
• Warm clothing: hats, gloves, scarves, thick socks, thermal underwear, waterproof boots and coats
• Mylar space blankets, which are cheap and compact
• Dithuthafatsi tsa diatla le tsa mmele, di dirisiwa go ya ka setshwao
• Matlakala a polasetiki, theipi ya diphaephe, dithaole le khateboto go thibela phefo e e tsenang le go khurumetsa difensetere
• Sethibela foamo kgotsa mmete wa go kampa go thibela batho ba ba robalang mo bodilong jo bo tsididi

Tools and household items¶

• Snow shovels, ice scrapers, sand, salt or pet safe de-icer, and traction aids for footwear
• Roof rake with a non conducting handle, if you have a pitched roof in a heavy snow area
• Basic tools, a wrench for utility shutoffs, a multitool and work gloves
• Fire extinguisher rated for household use. See home fire extinguisher selection.
• Battery powered smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms, with spare batteries
• Trash bags, toilet paper, wet wipes, soap, hand sanitizer, feminine hygiene products, diapers and baby supplies
• Cash in small bills, because card readers and cash machines fail in outages. See emergency cash reserve.
• Copies of key documents, in a waterproof bag

First aid and health¶

• A stocked first aid kit with a manual. See first aid kit.
• A supply of prescription medicines, at least a week, plus a copy of the list of medicines and doses
• Over the counter medicines that your family uses, following the label
• Spare glasses, hearing aid batteries, and dental care items
• Thermometers, including a room thermometer to track indoor temperature

For the vehicle, keep a winter kit in the car and read vehicle winter blizzard survival kit le sediriswa sa tshoganyetso sa sejanaga.

Dijo le metsi¶

Metsi¶

Rulaganya bonnye dilitara di le 4 (galone e le 1) ka motho ka letsatsi, malatsi a le 3, e le bonnye. Mo ditlelaemeteng tse di tsididi le mo bathong ba ba lwalang, ba ba amusang kgotsa ba ba imileng, rulaganyetsa tse dingwe. Boloka metsi mo ditshoding tse di phepa, tsa maemo a dijo mo lefelong le le tsidifetseng, mme o dikolose dikgwedi dingwe le dingwe di le thataro goya go di le lesomepedi fa e sa tsenngwa mo mabotlolong a kgwebo.

Tlatsa dibate tse di phepa, dipitsa le ditshodi ka metsi pele ga setsuatsue fa o solofela gore dipeipi di tla gatsela kgotsa tlamelo e tla ema, mme o dirise metsi ano go tlhatswa le go tlhatswa. Fa tlamelo ya gago e le ka fa tlase ga kitsiso ya go bela, bona pabalesego ya metsi le dikitsiso tsa go bela.

Fa dipeipi di gatsela kgotsa di thunya, tima tlamelo e kgolo kwa belefong, mme o bale dipeipi tse di gatsetseng. Kapoko ga se motswedi o o babalesegileng wa go nwa ntle le fa e nyerolotswe le go bedisiwa bonnye motsotso o le 1, kgotsa ya alafiwa, mme ga e a tshwanela go tsewa gaufi le ditsela kgotsa mafelo a a fetogileng mmala.

Dijo¶

Tlhopha dijo tse di sa tlhokeng go apewa kgotsa tse di ka gotediwang ka tsela e e babalesegileng, tse ba lelapa la gago ba tla di jang le tse di nayang maatla a a lekaneng. Ka serame, 'mele chesa lik'hilojule tse ngata, kahoo u se ke ua skimp.

• Canned meat, fish, beans, soup, fruit and vegetables, with a manual can opener
• Peanut butter, nuts, seeds, granola bars, dried fruit and trail mix
• Dikerekere, borotho, disiriele, le mashi a a tlhomameng mo shelofong
• Dijo tse di siametseng go jewa le dikgetsana tse di tlhomameng mo shelofong
• Tswina ya dinotshe, sukiri, tšhokolete le dijo tse dingwe tse di nayang maatla
• Mabele a masea, dijo tsa masea le dijo tsa dijo tse di kgethegileng
• Instant coffee, tea, cocoa and powdered drinks to boost morale and warmth

See long term shelf stable food storage for bigger stockpiles.

Cooking without power¶

Do not cook with a charcoal grill, camp stove or any fuel burning device indoors. They cause carbon monoxide poisoning. Use a safe method such as eating cold food, or a camping stove used outdoors only. See go apaya ka tshoganyetso mo ntlong kwantle ga motlakase for what is and is not safe.

Keeping food safe¶

A closed refrigerator keeps food cold for about 4 hours, a full freezer for about 48 hours, and a half full freezer for about 24 hours. Group items together, keep doors shut, and put freezer packs or frozen water bottles in the fridge. Discard perishable food that has been above 4 degrees Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit) for more than 2 hours. When in doubt, throw it out. See spoiled food and fridge power outage.

Medicines, health and special needs¶

• Refill prescriptions before the storm, and keep a week or more of medicines on hand if your prescriber and insurer allow it.
• Keep a written list of medicines, doses, allergies, doctors and conditions. Keep a copy in your wallet or phone.
• Know which medicines need refrigeration and how to keep them cold. See temperature sensitive medications in a power outage.
• If you use oxygen, a ventilator, CPAP, a powered wheelchair, a feeding pump or dialysis, tell your utility and provider, and have a backup plan. See power outage for oxygen concentrators, ventilators and CPAP le insulin pump, CGM and dialysis patient disaster kit.
• Rulaganyetsa masea. Boloka lebese la lebese, mabotlolo, di-diaper le diaparo tse di bothitho. Bona infant and toddler emergency go bag.
• For people with disabilities, plan how you will get information, move, and call for help. See hearing impaired, deaf and blind disaster preparedness le wheelchair and mobility device evacuation.

Pets and animals¶

Pets feel the cold, and many cannot survive long outdoors in freezing weather. Plan for them as you would for any family member.

• Bring pets inside before the storm. Short haired, small, old and young animals are at the greatest risk.
• Store at least 3 days of food, water and any medicines. Include a manual can opener if you use cans.
• Keep a carrier or crate, leash, harness and a recent photo, plus proof of vaccination and microchip details.
• Provide a warm bed off the floor, and blankets they can burrow into.
• Wipe paws after being outside, since salt and de-icers irritate and are poisonous if licked. Keep antifreeze and de-icing chemicals out of reach.
• Know where you can go with your pet if you must leave. Many human shelters do not take animals, so find a pet friendly hotel, a friend or a boarding kennel in advance.
• For outdoor animals and livestock, provide a dry, wind sheltered space with deep bedding, unfrozen water and extra feed.

See diruiwa tsa mo gae mo maemong a tshoganyetso le pet first aid kit and evacuation crate, and visit hurricane.guide pets for more.

Backup heat¶

Heat is the main concern in a winter outage. The safest plan is a combination of insulation, one warm room, and a heat source that you know is safe, or a place to go.

Preserve heat¶

Choose a small interior room with few windows. Hang blankets over windows and doorways, block drafts under doors, and wear layers. Close off unused rooms. See keeping warm indoors during a multi day winter grid collapse.

Safe heat sources¶

• An electric space heater powered by a safe generator or battery system, used with the clearances described in space heater, fireplace and wood stove safety in an outage
• A properly installed and maintained wood stove or fireplace with a clean chimney, and seasoned wood stored in advance
• Sethuthafatsi se se amogetsweng go dirisiwa mo teng ga ntlo mme se dirisiwa fela jaaka letshwao le bolela, se se nang le go tsenya mowa le dialamo
• A backup power station, which is quiet and makes no exhaust. See backup power station and solar generator sizing.

What never to use indoors¶

Never use a charcoal or gas grill, camp stove, gas oven or stove, patio heater, or generator inside the house, in a garage, on a porch or near windows. Carbon monoxide kills quickly and without warning. Install battery powered carbon monoxide alarms on every level and near sleeping areas. See carbon monoxide le generator safety.

Know when to leave¶

If the indoor temperature falls toward 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) and you cannot raise it safely, go somewhere warm. Choices include a friend or relative, a hotel, or a public warming center. Leave before roads become impassable, and tell someone where you are going. See hypothermia and frostbite for signs to watch for.

Stay informed¶

• Sign up for local emergency alerts from your city, county or national warning system. Many countries offer text or app alerts.
• Keep a battery or hand crank radio with weather band, and know your local radio stations.
• Follow your national weather service and local emergency management on their official channels. Treat rumors and unofficial posts with caution.
• Know your utility's outage reporting number and keep it on paper. Report outages, since utilities do not always know.
• Save emergency numbers, and see the dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso page.
• Keep a printed local map and note shelters and warming centers.
• Agree on a family check in plan and an out of area contact whom everyone can message when local networks are busy.
• Boloka beteri ya founo ka go fokotsa go phatsima, go tswala ditiriso, le go dirisa mokgwa wa maatla a a kwa tlase. Romela melaetsa e mekhutshwane go na le go founa.
• Fa o sa dirise di-smartphone, botsa moagelani kgotsa balaodi ba lefelo leo gore ba tla fetisa jang ditsiboso.

See go kgona go tshela ka smartphone fa o se mo inthaneteng go bona ditsela tsa go boloka tshedimosetso e le teng kwantle ga letshwao.

Sireletsa ntlo¶

Dira tseno pele ga setsuatsue fa go na le nako, mme go ka nna molemo ka letlhafula.

Diphaephe le metsi¶

• Insulate dipeipi tse di tlhagelelang mo matlong a a kwa godimo, mo mafelong a go gagaba, mo dikaratšheng le mo maboteng a a kwa ntle.
• Tswala diphatlha le maphanyego fa mowa o o tsididi o tsenang teng go dikologa dipeipi.
• Kgaola le go ntsha dipeipi tsa tshingwana, mme o tswale dipompo tsa kwa ntle go tswa mo teng fa o ka kgona.
• Itse gore thibelo ya gago e kgolo ya metsi e fa kae, mme o e leke.
• Pele ga go gatsela thata, bula mabati a khabinete ka fa tlase ga disinki mme o letle pompo e rothe. Bona dipeipi tse di gatsetseng.
• Fa e le gore o tla bo o seyo, seta themosetate e se ka ya nna kwa tlase ga didikirii tsa Celsius di ka nna 13 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 55), mme o kope mongwe go tlhola.

Mogote, go tsenya phefo le pabalesego ya molelo¶

• Dira gore onto, boiler le chimney di baakanngwe ngwaga le ngwaga. Bona chimney fire and creosote hazard.
• Check that outdoor vents, such as for the furnace, dryer and stove, are clear of snow and ice.
• Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and plan two ways out. See home fire escape plan.
• Add weatherstripping, caulk gaps, and fit storm windows or window film.

Roof, trees and outside¶

• Clear gutters and downspouts, and check for loose shingles and damage.
• Trim dead and weak branches near the house and power lines, using a professional near lines.
• Know the signs of roof overload and ice dams. See snow load warning signs and safe roof snow removal.
• Secure outdoor furniture and objects that wind could throw.
• Mark driveway edges and hydrants with stakes so that snow plows and crews can find them.

Vehicles and travel¶

The safest plan in a major storm is to stay home. If you must travel, go before the storm, tell someone your route, and carry a winter kit. Keep the fuel tank at least half full. Never drive through ice, flooded roads or whiteout conditions. If stranded, stay in the vehicle, run the engine for short periods with the exhaust pipe clear of snow, and open a window slightly. See flash freeze and black ice driving le car breakdown.

Your 72 hour plan¶

This timeline helps you decide what to do and when. Adjust it for the forecast and for your household.

Leano le le kwadilweng la lelapa¶

Kwala dikarabo tsa dipotso tse mme o beye tsebe fa mongwe le mongwe a ka e bonang teng.

• Re tla nna kae fa motlakase o ka kgaoga?
• Ke bomang mo lapeng ba ba nang le ditlhoko tse di kgethegileng, mme ba tla tlhoka eng?
• Go kae go tswalwa ga metsi a magolo, phanele ya motlakase le go tswalwa ga gase gope fela?
• Re tla leletsa mang, mme ke mang yo re ikgolaganyang le ene kwa ntle ga lefelo?
• Re tla tswa ka themperetšha efe ya ka fa teng, mme re tla ya kae?
• Re tla bona jang ditsiboso le dikgang re sena motlakase?
• Ke mang yo o tla tlholang baagisani ba re tshwenyegileng ka bone?

Go nna o itekanetse e bile o ritibetse ka nako ya setsuatsue se seleele¶

Malatsi a le mmalwa mo ntlong mo serameng a leka lelapa. Rulaganyetsa kgomotso le maitsholo mmogo le go falola, ka gonne batho ba ba lapileng, ba ba tsididi le ba ba tlhobaetseng ba dira ditshwetso tse di sa siamang.

Boroko, thulaganyo le maikutlo¶

• Boloka thulaganyo e e nang le dinako tse di beilweng tsa dijo, dino tse di bothitho, go tlhola dipeipi le mogote, le go ikhutsa. Ditiro tsa ka metlha di dira gore nako e e ngomolang pelo e ikutlwe e laolega.
• Refosanang go lebelela dialamo, metswedi ya mogote le radio gore motho mongwe le mongwe a kgone go robala.
• Boloka bana ba tshwaregile ka metshameko, dibuka, go thala le ditiro tse di didimetseng tse di sa tlhokeng maatla. Tlhalosa se se diragalang ka mafoko a a motlhofo le a a ikanyegang.
• Lebelela go tenega le maikutlo a a kwa tlase. Tlholanang, abelana ditiro, mme o bue go sa le gale fa mongwe a sa ikutlwe sentle.
• Fokotsa dikgang le media wa botsalano fa di tsosa tlhobaelo, mme o tlhole dintšhwafatso tsa semmuso ka dinako tse di beilweng go somarela beteri.

Bophepa le kgeleloleswe¶

Fa go sena metsi a a elelang, bophepa bo sa ntse bo le botlhokwa. Dirisa hand sanitizer kgotsa di-wipe, mme o tlhape diatla ka metsi a a bolokilweng pele o ja le morago ga go dirisa ntlwana. Fa ntlwana e sa batle go tlhatswa, tshela kgamelo ya metsi a a bolokilweng mo mogopong, kgotsa dirisa kgamelo e e nang le sekhurumetso sa kgetsana mme o tswale le go boloka dikgetsi kwa ntle mo setshoding se se tswetsweng. Boloka matlakala mo dikgetsaneng tse di tswalegileng kgakala le mafelo a bonno.

Go tsamaya le go ikatisa¶

Go tshikhinyega ka bonolo go dira gore o nne o thutafetse le go thibela go gagamala, segolobogolo mo bagolong ba ba godileng. Ema o otlolle ura nngwe le nngwe, mme o tsamaye mo phaposing e e bothitho. Tila go dira tiro e ntsi le go fufula, mo go dirang gore o tsidifale moragonyana. O se ka wa shofola kapoko fa o lapile kgotsa o tsidifetse, mme o bale go shofola kapoko ka pabalesego pele ga o tswela kwa ntle.

Matshwao a tlhagiso a a tshwanetseng go tseelwa kgato¶

Tsaya go roroma go go sa emeng, go tlhakana tlhogo, go sa bue sentle, go robala go go sa tlwaelegang, letlalo le le tlhotlhoregang kgotsa le le nang le boka, go opiwa ke tlhogo kgotsa go feroga sebete tsia. Tseno di ka kaya go fokotsega ga mogote, go tsenwa ke serame kgotsa go tsenwa ke botlhole jwa khabonemonokosaete. Tswelela kwa ntle o tsene mo moweng o o phepa fa go kgonega go dirisa khabonemonokosaete, mme o letsetse nomoro ya tshoganyetso ya lefelo la lona go bona letshwao lepe le le masisi.

Kelelo ya tshwetso ya setsuatsue¶

flowchart TD
    A["Tebelopele ya ditsuatsue tsa mariga"] --> B["Tlhola ditlamelo, tšhaja didiriswa<br/>le go tlatsa melemo gape"]
    B --> C{"A o ka nna o thuthafetse<br/>ka pabalesego kwa gae?"}
    C -->|"Nnyaa"| D["Rulaganya go nna le ba bangwe<br/>kgotsa o tsamaye pele ga setsuatsue ."]
    C -->|"Ee"| E["Seta phaposi e le nngwe e e bothitho<br/>mme o sireletse dipeipi"]
    E --> F["Nna mo teng mme o latele ditsiboso"]
    F --> G{"Maatla kgotsa mogote o o latlhegileng<br/>le phaposi e e kwa tlase ga 10 C kgotsa 50 F?"}
    G -->|"Ee"| H["Eya kwa lefelong la go thuthafatsa<br/>kgotsa wa losika yo o nang le maatla"]
    G -->|"Nnyaa"| I["Ja, nwa, tlholana<br/>mme dialamo di nne di dira"]
    I --> J{"A go na le mongwe yo o opilweng ke tlhogo,<br/>go tsewa ke sedidi kgotsa go tlhakana tlhogo?"}
    J -->|"Ee"| K["Tswelela kwa ntle mme o<br/>leletse nomoro ya tshoganyetso ."]
    J -->|"Nnyaa"| F

Go bapisa maemo a go ipaakanyetsa¶

Lenaanenetefatso: setsuatsue sa mariga se siametse¶

• Bonnye malatsi a le 3 a metsi le dijo, le sebula-mathini se se dirisiwang ka diatla
• Radio ya beteri kgotsa ya kerenke ya letsogo e e nang le setlhopha sa maemo a bosa, dipone le dibeteri
• Difouno, dibanka tsa motlakase le ditšhaja di tšhajilwe ka botlalo
• Dikobo, dikgetsi tsa go robala, diaparo tse di bothitho le phaposi e e bothitho e e tlhophilweng
• Dialamo tsa khabonemonokosaete tse di dirang tsa mosi le tsa dibeteri
• Thulaganyo e e babalesegileng ya mogote le go tlhoka didiriswa tsa go fisa lookwane tse di rulaganyeditsweng go dirisiwa mo teng ga ntlo
• Melemo e e tladitsweng gape le lenaane le le kwadilweng la melemo le batho ba ba ka ikgolaganyang le bone
• Dijo tsa diruiwa tsa mo gae, metsi, setshodi le lefelo le le bothitho la diruiwa tsa mo gae
• Madi a a seatleng, dikhopi tsa ditokomane le tanka e e tletseng ya lookwane
• Dipeipi di sireleditswe le go tswalwa ga metsi go go itsiweng
• Leano la go tlhola baagelani le nako e o tla tsamayang ka yone
• Khiti ya mariga mo koloing

Morago ga setsuatsue: go boela mannong le go sekaseka¶

Fa maemo a bosa a siama, tiro ga e ise e fele. Tsamaya go dikologa ka fa ntle ga ntlo mme o batle ditokololo tse di weleng, mela e e senyegileng le tshenyo ya marulelo pele o phepafatsa ditsela. Busetsa mogote ka iketlo, tlhola dipeipi tse di gatsetse kgotsa tse di kgaoganeng fa di ntse di gakologa, mme o leke dialamo gape. Emisetsa dilwana tse o di dirisitseng fa maitemogelo a sa ntse a le mašwa, mme o kwale se se dirileng, se se tlhaetseng le se o neng o tla se fetola. Poeletso e khutshwane ya metsotso e le lesome jaanong e dira gore setsuatsue se se latelang se nne motlhofo thata. Abelana se o se ithutileng le baagelani, mme o akanyetse go thusa wa losika kgotsa moagelani yo o godileng go ikagela kit ya gagwe.

Dithulaganyo tsa tsiboso tsa maemo a bosa tsa kgaolo le didirisiwa tsa maemo a tshoganyetso a mariga¶

Ditsela tsa semmuso tsa go tsibosa ka ditsuatsue tsa mariga le matlhomeso a boemedi di farologana thata go ralala dinaga:

• United States: Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Maemo a Bosa (NWS) e ntsha maemo a mararo a konokono a ditsiboso tsa mariga. Winter Storm Watch e bontsha gore maemo a a masisi a mariga a a tshwanang le kapoko e e bokete ya disentimetara di le 15 (disentimetara di le 6) kgotsa go feta mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 12, kapoko e e nang ka serame kgotsa pula e e gatselang a ka kgonega mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 36 go ya go di le 48. Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue sa Mariga e supa gore maemo a a kotsi a mariga a gaufi kgotsa a a diragala. Tlhagiso ya Sefefo sa Kagagane e supa diphefo tse di tswelelang kgotsa diphefo tse di fokang kgapetsakgapetsa tsa 56 km/h (35 mph) kgotsa go feta di kopantswe le go wa kgotsa go foka ga kapoko go fokotsa ponalo go ya kwa tlase ga dimitara di le 400 (dimaele di le 0.25) bonnye diura di le 3. Dikgolagano tsa thuso ya tshoganyetso le tsa bonno di laolwa mo lefelong la gaeno ka ditsamaiso tsa mmasepala tsa 211 le diofisi tsa taolo ya tshoganyetso tsa kgaolo.
• Canada: Tikologo le Phetogo ya Tlelaemete Canada (ECCC) e ntsha ditsiboso tsa maemo a bosa ka Weatheradio le diofisi tsa ponelopele ya kgaolo. Ditlhagiso di akaretsa Ditlhagiso tsa Setsuatsue sa Mariga tsa go na ga kapoko e e tseneletseng le kapoko e e fokang, Ditlhagiso tsa Pula e e Gatselang fa go solofetswe go kokoanngwa ga aese e e bonalang, le Ditlhagiso tsa Sefefo sa Sefefo. Go bona kgakololo ya boitekanelo jwa setšhaba ya porofense le ditshekatsheko tsa katlaatleloloago tsa mariga tse di seng tsa tshoganyetso, leletsa 811 (Info-Sante kwa Quebec).
• United Kingdom: Kantoro ya Maemo a bosa e tsamaisa Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlhagiso ya Maemo a Bosa a a Maswe (NSWWS), e e ntshang ditlhagiso tse di nang le dikhoutu tsa mebala (Serolwana, Bohibidu, le Bohibidu) go ikaegilwe ka thulaganyo ya kgonagalo le ditlamorago tse di ka nnang teng. Ditlhagiso tsa kapoko kgotsa aese ya Amber le Red di tlhotlheletsa kgokagano ya tshoganyetso ke Diforamo tsa Selegae tsa Boitsetsepelo (LRFs). Setheo sa Tshireletso ya Boitekanelo sa UK (UKHSA) se ntsha Ditsiboso tsa Boitekanelo jwa Serame tsa lekala la boitekanelo le tlhokomelo ya loago. Go bona kgakololo ya kalafi e e seng ya tshoganyetso ka nako ya serame se se feteletseng, leletsa NHS 111.
• Kopano ya Yuropa: Ditsiboso tse di masisi tsa mariga go ralala Yuropa di dumalanngwa ka mafaratlhatlha a Meteoalarm, di kopanya ditlhagiso tsa semmuso go tswa kwa ditheong tsa bosetšhaba tsa bosa tse di jaaka Meteo-France, Deutscher Wetterdienst (Jeremane), le Setheo sa Bosa sa Puso sa Spain (AEMET). Tsibogo ya tshireletso ya baagi e gokaganngwa bosetšhaba, ka thomelo ya kalafi ya tshoganyetso e e fitlhelelwang ka 112 go ralala dinaga tsotlhe tse e leng ditokololo.
• Australia: Biro ya Maemo a Bosa (BOM) e ntsha Ditlhagiso tsa Maemo a Bosa a a Masisi tsa diphefo tse di maatla tsa kapoko, diphefo tse di senyang, le go runya ga serame se se sa tlwaelegang se se amang mafelo a dithaba le mafelo a a kwa godimo a ditafole go ralala New South Wales, Victoria, le Tasmania. Thuso ya tshoganyetso ya tshenyo ya setsuatsue kgotsa ditlhare tse di weleng e tlamelwa ke Tirelo ya Tshoganyetso ya Puso (SES) mo nomoreng ya 132 500.

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Ke tlhoka dijo le metsi a le kae mo setsuatsueng sa mariga?¶

Rulaganya bonnye malatsi a le 3, mme go ka nna molemo beke, ka dilitara di ka nna 4 (1 gallon) tsa metsi ka motho ka letsatsi le dijo tse di tlhokang go apewa go le gonnye kgotsa gotlhelele. Akaretsa dikhalori tse di oketsegileng, ka gonne mmele o tuka thata mo serameng, mme o oketse dijo tsa masea, diruiwa tsa mo gae le dijo tse di kgethegileng. Boloka sebula-mathini se se dirisiwang ka diatla mme o boloke sengwe le sengwe fa o ka se fitlhelelang teng mo lefifing.

Ke tsela efe e e babalesegileng ya go nna o thuthafetse fa motlakase o ka tima?¶

Dula mo phaposing e le nngwe e nnye e e ka fa teng, thibela diphefo tse di tsenang, apara dillaga le hutshe, mme o dirise dikobo kgotsa kgetsi ya go robala. Dirisa fela metswedi ya mogote e e diretsweng tiriso ya ka fa teng, ka dialamo tsa khabonemonokosaete tse di tsamaisiwang ke dibeteri, mme le ka motlha o se ke wa dirisa grili, setofo sa kampa, onto ya gase kgotsa jenereithara mo teng ga ntlo. Fa phaposi e wela go ya kwa didikiriing tsa Celsius di le 10 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 50), ya kwa lefelong le le thuthafatsang kgotsa kwa wa losika yo o nang le maatla.

Ke tshwanetse go tswa leng mo gae pele ga setsuatsue sa mariga?¶

Tloga go sa le gale fa o sa kgone go thuthafatsa legae, fa o ikaegile ka didirisiwa tsa kalafi tse di nang le motlakase, fa marulelo kgotsa ntlo e le mo kotsing, kgotsa fa balaodi ba go gakolola. Tsamaya pele ga setsuatsue se goroga ditsela di butswe, bolelela mongwe gore o ya kae, mme o tseye melemo, diruiwa tsa mo gae le ditokomane. O se ka wa leta go fitlha ntlo e le tsididi kgotsa ditsela di thibane.

Ke sireletsa jang dipeipi tsa me gore di se ka tsa gatsela?¶

Insulate dipeipi tse di tlhagelelang, tswala diphatlha tse di letlang mowa o o tsididi, kgaola dipeipi tsa tshingwana mme o bule mabati a khabinete ka fa tlase ga disinki ka nako ya go gatsela thata. A pompo e rothe fa themperetšha e wela tlase thata ga go gatsela, mme o itse gore go tswalwa ga metsi go gogolo go kae. Fa o tswa mo gae, dira gore mogote o nne mo didikiriing tsa Celsius di ka nna 13 (didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 55) kgotsa go feta.

Ke tshwanetse go dira eng fa ntlo ya me e latlhegelwa ke motlakase mme themperetšha ya mo teng ga ntlo e wela kwa tlase ga go gatsela?¶

Fa dithemphoritšhara tsa ka fa teng di wela kwa tlase go ya kwa go gatsele mme o sa kgone go boloka phaposi e e bothitho, fudugela ka bonako kwa lefelong la go thuthafatsa la mmasepala, kwa hoteleng, kgotsa kwa wa losika yo o nang le motlakase pele ga ditsela di sa kgone go tsamaya. Pele o tswa mo ntlong, tima belefo e kgolo ya go tswala metsi mme o bule dipompo tsotlhe tsa ka fa teng go ntsha metsi mo meleng ya dipompo, go thibela aese e e atologa go thunya dipeipi tsa ka fa gare le go baka tshenyo e e kotsi ya metsi fa go thapologa go diragala.

Setifikeiti sa thusopotlako¶

Ditlamelo di botlhokwa, mme bokgoni jo bo mosola bo botlhokwa go feta. Khoso ya thuso ya potlako e e dirwang ka diatla go tswa kwa Sefapaano se Sehibidu sa Amerika, Sefapaano se Sehibidu sa Boritane, St. John Ambulance, Sefapaano se Sehibidu sa Canada, kgotsa Sefapaano se Sehibidu sa Australia e ruta CPR, kafa o ka lemogang le go alafa go tsenwa ke mogote thata le go tsenwa ke serame ka gone, le kafa o ka laolang ka gone dikgobalo tse di utlwisang botlhoko tsa maemo a bosa a a tsididi le go wa mo aese. Go wetsa khoso e e amogetsweng ya tiriso pele ga mariga go netefatsa gore lelapa la gago le ka tsiboga ka tlhoafalo fa dinako tsa tsibogo ya ambulense di diegisiwa ke maemo a a kotsi a tsela.

Metswedi e tlhotlhomisitswe¶

Kaedi eno e ne ya tlholwa kgatlhanong le ditsebe tsa Ready.gov le Setheo sa Bosetšhaba sa Taolo ya Maemo a Tshoganyetso (United States) tsa maemo a bosa a mariga le go kgaoga ga motlakase, kaelo ya Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Maemo a Bosa (United States) ya go ipaakanyetsa ditsuatsue tsa mariga, ditsebe tsa Ditheo tsa Taolo le Thibelo ya Malwetse (United States) tse di buang ka go ipaakanyetsa maemo a bosa a mariga, go tlholwa ga khabone ya Amerika Redxim Met Office le puso ya UK Baakanyetsa letsholo (United Kingdom) kgakololo ka ga maemo a bosa a mariga, kaelo ya Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Boitekanelo (United Kingdom) ka ga go thuthafala, Ipaakanyetse le Pabalesego ya Setšhaba Canada kaelo ka ga ditsuatsue tsa mariga le diura di le 72 tsa go ipaakanyetsa, le ditsebe tsa Health Canada ka ga serame se se feteletseng. Moo ditheo di akantshang dilekanyo tse di farologaneng kgotsa dinako, tsebe eno e dirisa palo e e kelotlhoko thata.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Pabalesego ya ditsuatsue tsa mariga: go thuthafatsa mo gae le go falola serame
• Khiti ya tshoganyetso
• Pabalesego ya jenereitara
• Diruiwa tsa mo gae mo maemong a tshoganyetso
• Dipeipi tse di gatsetseng