Ntša e Komeditse Lerapo la Poone, Kausu, Lerapo la Koko le le Apeilweng, kgotsa Manoko a Macadamia: Leng go Tlhotlheletsa go Kgwatsa kgatlhanong le go Se Kgwatse¶

Fa nša e tlhasela matlakala a nama e e besitsweng, seroto sa botlhatswetso, kgotsa tafole ya dijo tse di botlhoswana mme e metsa koko e e apeilweng kgotsa lerapo la kgopo, karolo ya mmidi e e mo setlhareng, para ya dikausu kgotsa diaparo tsa ka fa teng, mokoti otlhe wa perekisi kgotsa wa avocado, kgotsa seatla sa manoko a macadamia go nna manoko a macadamia a a ka dirisiwang ka seatla, go dira tshwetso e e sa siamang ya go fetola manoko pele mo go one. masetlapelo a a bolayang a sehuba kgotsa a mpa. Phoso e le nngwe e e kotsi thata e beng ba diruiwa tsa mo gae ba e dirang ke go tshela diperesente di le 3 tsa haeterojene peroxide mo kgokgotsong ya ntša ka bofofu go dira gore e tlhatse lerapo le le apeilweng le le bogale, selo se segolo se se nang le dintlha, kgotsa lerapo le le bogale la mmidi: fa lerapo le le bogale gantsi le relela kwa tlase mo mometso ka tsela e e bogale, ka phatlha ya lone e e motsu go e tsholetsa kwa godimo kgatlhanong le sethibela-matlho se se kwa tlase sa mometso go kgweetsa marapo a a bogale jaaka nale ka tlhamalalo mo leboteng la mometso gaufi le pelo le mafatlha (thoracic esophageal perforation and septic pyothorax). Go farologana le seo, fa nša e metsa letsela le le boleta kausu mo metsotsong e le 60 ya bofelo, go tshologa go go bakiwang ke ngaka ya diphologolo (or endoscopic retrieval) e ka boloka nša mo karong e e turang ya go kgaolwa mala, fa nša e e neng ya ja manoko a macadamia yone e nna le go swa ditokololo ga nakwana ga maoto a a kwa morago go go gakgamatsang, go go tshosang mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 6 go ya go di le 12 go go lebegang e kete ke seterouku sa lerapo la mokwatla (yet has a near-100-percent recovery rate with supportive care). Fa phologotswana ya gago e hupelwa, e tlhotlhora, e tlhotlhora molomo, kgotsa e fetoga botala jwa legodimo, latela rona ntša kgotsa katse e e hupelang: Heimlich wa mo gae le CPR porothokholo ka bonako (mme o bone tsotlhe dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso); go seng jalo, dirisa kaedi eno ya go tlhaola karo le botlhole mmogo le ntša e ne ya ja xylitol, tšhokolete, merara kgotsa ibuprofen le katse e ne e ja dithunya tsa malomo, permethrin, kgotsa mogala o o mothaladi.

Dira se jaanong¶

1. EMA: Tlhola Lenaane la "O SE KE wa Tlhotlheletsa go Kgwatsa" pele ga o fitlhelela hydrogen peroxide. O SE KE wa tlhotlheletsa go kgwa mo ntsweng kgotsa mo katseng fa di meditse:
2. Nama e e Apeilweng ya Koko, Kolobe, Kgopo, Nama, kgotsa Marapo a Tlhapi (a kgaogana go nna dikarolo tse di bogale jaaka nale tse di kgaoganyang mometso fa di boela kwa godimo).
3. Di-Skewer tsa Logong, Di-Toothpick, Dinalete tsa go Roka, Di-Fishhook, Galase, kgotsa Polasetiki e e Bogale.
4. Dikhemikhale tse di bolayang, Dibeteri, kgotsa Dikumo tsa Petroliamo.
5. Selo sengwe le sengwe mo Ntšeng e e nang le Sefatlhego se se Sephaphathi (English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Pug, Boston Terrier, Shih Tzu, Boxer: kotsi e e kwa godimo thata ya nyumonia e e bolayang ya go tlhotlheletsa fa o tlhatsa kwa gae).
6. KATSE nngwe le nngwe (Never give 3% hydrogen peroxide to a cat): Mo dikatseng, haeterojene perokosaete e e nowang ka molomo e baka bolwetse jo bo bolayang jwa go dutla madi, gastritis e e bolayang le go nna le diso tsa mometso (30% mortality in feline case reports).
7. Ntša nngwe le nngwe e e setseng e lapile, e roroma, e le bokoa mo maotong a a kwa morago (such as after eating macadamia nuts), kgotsa e setse e tlhatsa ka boyone.
8. Fa nša ya gago e sa tswa go metsa Koko e e Apeilweng, Kalakune, Kolobe, kgotsa Lerapo la Kgopo (and is breathing/swallowing normally), fepa "Borotho jo Bogolo / Mosamo wa Ditapole tse di Thugilweng" mme o letsetse ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo.
9. Goreng go apaya go fetola marapo go nna ditšhaka tse di tshwanang le galase: Go apaya (roasting, boiling, frying, smoking, or microwaving) e apola bongola jwa collagen mo marapong mme e golaganye dikristale tsa diminerale tsa hydroxyapatite, e dira gore marapo a a apeilweng a nne a a thubegang ka jalo a thubega ka boleele go nna dintlha tse di bogale jaaka legare fa a thubega ke meno a ntša a a bogale.
10. Porothokholo ya go Ritibatsa (Only if the dog is NOT gagging, drooling, or retching): Leletsa ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo ka bonako; mo dikarolwaneng tse dinnye go ya go tse di magareng tse di apeilweng tsa marapo tse di setseng di fitlheletse mpeng, dingaka tsa diphologolo di gakolola ka tlwaelo go fepa dijo tse di bokete, tse di boleta, tse di nang le faeba e ntsi ka bonako - jaaka diselaese di le 2 go ya go di le 4 tsa borotho jo bo boleta jo bosweu kgotsa jwa korong e e feletseng, pump canreene e e apeilweng e e tlwaelegileng,not pie filling), kgotsa raese e tshweu e e apeilweng/oatmeal - e e phuthelang marapo a a bogale mo teng ga mpa jaaka bolus e e sireletsang fa esiti ya hydrochloric (pH 1.0 to 2.0, e e nonofileng thata go feta esiti ya mo mpeng ya motho) e simolola go ntsha calcium le go nolofatsa dintlha tse di sesane tsa marapo fa o le mo tseleng o ya kwa tleliniking go ya go dira X-ray.
11. Fa nša ya gago e ne e meditse Setlhogo sa Mmidi, Perekisi e e Tletseng/Nectarine/Mokoti wa Avocado, kgotsa Setshamekisi sa Rabara (Do NOT wait for vomiting to start). Go farologana le marapo a koko a a apeilweng (a esiti ya mala e ka a tlhaolosang go sekae), setlhokwa sa mmidi (even a 3-centimeter / 1-inch mini-cob round), letlapa la perekisi, kgotsa mokoti wa mango/avocado ga o silege ka diperesente di le 100. Esiti ya mo mpeng ga e kgone go nolofatsa tlhogo ya mmidi ka milimitara e le nngwe fela, mme boalogodimo jwa yone jo bo makgwakgwa jo bo kgobang jwa tswina ya dinotshe bo tshwara letlalo la mala a mannye (jejunum/ileum) jaaka Velcro, go saga mo leboteng la mala mme go baka kgoreletso e e feletseng ya metšhini. Leletsa ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo kgotsa ER ya diphologolo ya diura di le 24 mo diureng tsa ntlha tse 1 go ya go tse 4 fa mokoti kgotsa mokoti o santse o ntse mo mpeng kwa o ka tsewang teng ka endoscope e e tenyetsegang (without cutting open the abdomen).
12. Fa nša ya gago e meditse Kausu, Diaparo tsa ka fa Teng, Taulo ya Dijana, kgotsa Pantyhose (Within the Last 1 to 2 Hours). Dilwana tsa letsela le le boleta (socks, underwear, plush-toy stuffing) ke selo sa #1 se se bakang go tlosiwa ga mmele o sele mo mpeng ka go arwa mo dintšeng. Fa go metsa go diragetse mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 1 go ya go di le 2 mme selo seo e ne e le kausu e le nngwe e e boleta ya letlhakore mo ntsweng e e magareng go ya go e kgolo e e senang brachycephalic, itlhaganelela kwa ngakeng ya gago ya diphologolo ka bonako: ngaka ya diphologolo e e tlhabelwang apomorphine kgotsa ropinirole eye drops ya katlego go dira so8ft up. kwa tleliniking mo lobakeng lwa metsotso e le 10, go tila go ariwa mo mpeng ka didolara di le 3 500 go ya go di le 6 000.
13. Fa nša ya gago e jele Manoko a Macadamia (Raw, Roasted, Salted, or White-Chocolate Macadamia Cookies), tlhola selekanyo (>= 2.0 grams per kilogram) mme o tlhole metswako ya tšhokolete/xylitol.
14. Molao wa Monnamogolo (-1 Macadamia Nut per Kilogram of Body Weight): Palogare ya tlhaka e le nngwe ya manoko a macadamia e e nang le dikgapetla e bokete jwa 2.0 go ya go 2.5 digerama. Go ja bonnye fela jwa digerama di le 0.7 go ya go di le 2.0 tsa manoko a macadamia ka kilogerama ya bokete jwa mmele (roughly 1 nut per 1 to 2.2 pounds of dog, kgotsa fela Dinoko tsa macadamia di le 4 go ya go di le 5 mo Schnauzer e Nnye ya dikilogerama di le 5 / 11-lb kgotsa French Bulldog) di tsosa bokoa jo bo tlhatlogang jwa maoto a a kwa morago/go swa ditokololo, go roroma ga mesifa, go gagamala ga malokololo, go kgwa, le letshoroma (up to 40.5 C / 105 F) mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 3 go ya go di le 12, mmogo le kotsi e e kwa godimo ya pancreatitis e e botlhoko go tswa mo diperesenteng di le 75 tsa mafura.
15. Ela tlhoko Matshwao a le 5 a Bogologolo a go Thibana go go Feletseng ga Mala (Requires Immediate Emergency Surgery). Mo malatsing a a latelang diura di le 12 go ya go di le 14 morago ga go metsa sengwe le sengwe se se belaetsang gore se tswa kwa ntle, itlhaganelela kwa bookelong jwa tshoganyetso jwa kalafi ya diphologolo jwa diura di le 24 fa nša kgotsa katse ya gago e ka nna le:
16. Go kgwa gangwe le gape kgotsa go palelwa ke go nwa metsi a mannye (often starting 6 to 48 hours after ingestion, or up to weeks later if a sock or cob was rolling around in the stomach as a "ball-valve" before dropping into the small bowel).
17. Anorexia (go gana dijo tse o di ratang), go tshwaratshwara dipounama, kgotsa go tsholola mamina.
18. "Boemo jwa Thapelo" (stretching front legs flat on the floor with the chest down and hind end sticking up in the air), e leng kemo ya tlwaelo ya ntša ya botlhoko jo bo tseneletseng jwa karolo e e kwa godimo ya mpa / manyike / duodenal.
19. Go tlhoka mantle (or straining to pass tiny drops of dark bloody liquid diarrhea around an obstruction).
20. Marinini a a bosetlha kgotsa a a kgomarelang, go itaya ga pelo ka bonako (> 140 to 160 bpm), kgotsa mpa e e gagametseng, e e botlhoko (e e bontshang go phunyega ga mala le septic peritonitis).

Setlhare sa tshwetso: Marapo a a meditsweng ke ntša kgotsa katse, koko ya mmidi, kausu, mokoti, kgotsa manoko a macadamia¶

flowchart TD
    A["Lerapo le le Apeilweng le le Meditsweng ke Ntša kgotsa Katse, Setlhogo sa Mmidi, Kausu/Letsela, Mogobe wa Maungo a Leje/Avocado, kgotsa Manoko a Macadamia"] --> B{"1. Tlhola Tsela ya Mowa le Matshwao a go Hupelwa ka bonako"}
    B -->|"Go tshwara molomo ka maatla, go tshwara molomo ka dinao, go lela ka lentswe le le kwa godimo, marinini a a cyanotic (botala jwa legodimo), kgotsa go phutlhama"| C["TSHOGANYETSO YA GO HUMELA GO BOTLHOKO: Bula molomo o bo o feela FELA fa o bonala o tlhotlhoregile kwa morago ga mometso -> Dira Dikgoromeletso tsa Canine/Feline Heimlich kgotsa Dikgatelelo tsa Sehuba + Go Tsholetsa Kara ya Maotwana -> Itlhaganelela kwa Vet ER e e gaufi"]
    B -->|"Go hema sentle, go kgona go kometsa mathe"| D{"2. Ke selo sefe se se rileng se se neng sa mediwa?"}
    D -->|"Lerapo le le Apeilweng (Kgogo, kalakune, kgopo, kolobe, nama, kgotsa lerapo la tlhapi)"| E["O SE KE WA TLHOTLHOMISA GO TLHOTLHA (Dikarolo tsa marapo di phunya mometso fa di le mo tseleng di tlhatloga). Fa nša e sa kgwa/go kgwa, e neye mosamo o mogolo (borotho jo bo boleta / ditapole tse di thugilweng / lephutshe le le mo makotikoting) + Ya kwa Ngakeng ya Diphologolo go bona X-ray le tshupanako ya go phunyega/go bipela ya diura di le 72"]
    D -->|"Mokoti wa Poone, Perekisi/Plum/Mango/Afokado, kgotsa Setshamekisi sa Rabara e e Thata/Polasetiki"| F["100% KOTSI YA KGORELEGO E E SA SILEGENG: O SE KE wa tlhotlheletsa go kgwa kwa gae mo di-cobs tse di nang le dintlha/dikhuti tse dikgolo -> Itlhaganelela kwa Ngakeng ya Diphologolo mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 1 go ya go di le 4 go Tsewa ka Endoscopic go tswa mo mpeng pele ga e tsena mo maleng a mannye mme e tlhoka karo ya mpa"]
    D -->|"Letsela le le Bonolo (Kausu, Diaparo tsa ka fa Teng, Ribone, Mogala, kgotsa Setshamekisi sa Plush)"| G{"3. Mefuta le Nako Fa E Sa Le go Metsa Letsela"}
    G -->|"KATSE e e nang le Mogala/Ribone/Tlhale KGOTSA Phologo epe fela > diura di le 2 go ya go di le 4 tse di fetileng kgotsa e setse e kgwa"| H["O SE KE wa goga mogala o o lepeletseng mo molomong kgotsa mo maragong -> O SE KE wa naya katse peroxide -> Itlhaganele kwa Vet ER go ya go dira Ultrasound/X-ray le Endoscopy kgotsa go Arwa Mala"]
    G -->|"NTSA e e senang brachycephalic e meditse kausu e e boleta < diura di le 1 go ya go di le 2 tse di fetileng mme e se na matshwao ape"| I["Eya kwa Ngakeng ya Diphologolo KA BONAKO: Ngaka ya diphologolo e ka tsenya marothodi a matlho a Apomorphine / Ropinirole a a tlhabelwang ka pabalesego go tlhotlheletsa go kgwa (katlego ya 85%) kgotsa go a tlosa ka sekopo"]
    D -->|"Manoko a Macadamia (A a tala, a a gadikilweng, kgotsa a le mo dikukung/motswakong wa motlhala)"| J["Tlhola gore a go ja Tšhokolete/Diterebe/Xylitol mmogo -> Leletsa Ngaka ya Diphologolo / Taolo ya Botlhole -> Fa e jelwe < diura di le 2 tse di fetileng (mme ntša e ise e reketle/e bokoa), ngaka ya diphologolo e tlhotlheletsa go tshologa + Magala a a Dirisitsweng -> Tlhokomela diura di le 12 go ya go di le 48 go bona gore a go na le Paratis e e ka boelang morago ya Pancreatily & Pancreatily Hindlimb"]

Tlhatlhobo ya tshoganyetso ya ntlha ka ntlha: Go diragalang mo teng ga mmele wa phologotswana ya gago¶

Dirisa lenaane leno la papiso go tlhaloganya gore ke ka ntlha yang fa nngwe le nngwe ya dijo tseno tse tlhano tse di tlwaelegileng tsa mo gae e tlhoka leano le le farologaneng gotlhelele la kalafi ya diphologolo:

Go thuma kwa teng 1: Marapo a a Apeilweng - Tshupanako ya Diura di le 72 ya go Phunya le go Thulana ga Mala¶

Ke ka ntlha yang fa diphiri tsa naga le di-coyote di ja marapo a diphologolo tse di tala fa nša ya mo gae e e kometsa moropa wa koko e e apeilweng ya rotisserie kgotsa lerapo la kgopo ya kolobe e feleletsa e le kwa ICU ya diphologolo? - Lerapo le le Tala kgatlhanong le Lerapo le le Apeilweng Biomechanics: Lerapo le le tala le le tshelang ke motswako o o fetofetogang wa poroteine ya kholajene ya Mofuta wa I e e elasetiki ya diperesente di le 35 le diminerale tsa khalesiamo fosefeite ya diperesente di le 65. Fa lerapo le bedisiwa, le bakiwa, le besiwa kgotsa le gogiwa, mogote o dira gore ditlhale tsa collagen di se ka tsa nna sentle, mme seno se tlogela kgapetla ya diminerale e e thubegang e e tshwanang le galase. Fa nša ya gago e loma lerapo la koko le le apeilweng ka bogare, le thubega ka boleele go nna dintlha tsa nalete tse di sekamelang tsa didikirii di le 45 tse di bogale jaaka nalete ya hypodermic. - Kafa Esiti ya Mala a Ntša e Dirang ka Gone (And Why the Bread/Pumpkin Cushion Helps): pH ya mpa ya ntša e e ikhutsitseng ka nako ya tshilo ya dijo e wela go pH 1.0 go ya go 1.5 (nearly 10 times more acidic than human stomach acid). Fa lerapo le lennye la koko le le apeilweng le ka dira gore le fologe ka pabalesego mo mometso go tsena mo mpeng kwantle ga go phunya lebota, mme o fepa borotho jo bo boleta, ditapole tse di thugilweng, kgotsa lephutshe le le mo makotikoting, go diragala dilo tse pedi: 1. Motswako o mogolo wa dikhabohaetereite/faeba o apesa dintlha tse di bogale gore go ngotlega ga mpa go se ka ga gatelela dinalete tsa marapo ka tlhamalalo mo leboteng la mpa (preventing gastric perforation). 2. Selo se se tlhotlheletsang dijo se dira gore disele tsa parietal di ntshe esiti ya haeterokoloriki e e tseneletseng (HCl) fa e ntse e boloka pyloric sphincter e tswetswe nako e telele, e naya esiti ya mala diura di le 6 go ya go di le 12 go ntsha calcium mo dikarolwaneng tse di sesane tsa marapo le go fetola dintlha tsa tsone tse di bogale go nna rabara pele ga di fetela mo maleng a mannye. - Kotsi ya Letsatsi la 2 go ya go la 3 (Colonic & Rectal Bone-Gravel Impaction): Le fa marapo a ka feta mo maleng a mannye a sa phunye, dikarolwana tsa marapo tse di sa silwang le "motlhaba wa marapo" o o nang le tšhoko ya calcium-phosphate di kokoana mo mala a a fologang le mo mpeng diura di le 24 go ya go di le 72 moragonyana, koo mala a magolo a monyang metsi otlhe go tswa mo mantle. Seno se fetola dikarolwana tsa marapo go nna fecalith ya konkoreiti ya marapo e e thata jaaka letlapa, e e nang le dintlha. - Matshwao a tlhagiso ka diura di le 24 go ya go di le 72: Ntša ya gago e kokobala kgapetsakgapetsa go ntsha mantle (tenesmus), o lela kgotsa o lela ka ntlha ya botlhoko fa a ntse a gagamala, mme o fetisa fela marothodi a madi a mahibidu a a phatsimang (hematochezia) kgotsa mamina a a metsi. - Se o tshwanetseng go se dira: O se ka wa naya batho Fleet (sodium phosphate) di-enema tsa ntša kgotsa katse (causes fatal hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany), mme le ka motlha o se ka wa leka go goga karolo e e bogale ya lerapo go tswa mo mpeng ka di- pliers. Ngaka ya diphologolo e tla ritibatsa ntša, e tsenye di-enemas tse di bothitho tsa letswai le tse di senang megare tse di tlhotlhoregang mo metsing**, mme e thube ka bonolo le go ntsha letlapa la marapo le le amegileng ka seatla ntle le go gagola lebota la rectal.

Go thuma kwa teng 2: Dikhuti tsa Mmidi, Dikausu, le Dikhuti tsa Afokado/Diperekisi - Serai sa Mala sa "Ball-Valve"¶

Nngwe ya ditiragalo tse di tlhakanyang tlhogo thata tsa kalafi mo go beng ba diruiwa tsa mo gae ke go kgwa ga "Ball-Valve" ka dinako tse di rileng: - Kafa Mokoti wa Mmidi, Mokoti wa Avocado, kgotsa Sock o Iphitlhang ka Gone mo Mpeng ka Dibeke: A re re Golden Retriever ya gago e metsa mokoti otlhe wa avocado, letlapa la perekisi, kgotsa kausu ya dikhutshwane ka Sontaga. Ka gonne mokoti kgotsa kausu e e dirilweng ka dibolo e le bophara jwa disentimetara di le 3.5 go ya go di le 5, e kgolo thata go ka tlhotlhora mo tseleng e tshesane ya go tswa ga pyloric go tsena mo maleng a mannye. Fa o ntse o sa gagamala mo teng ga mmele o mogolo o o bulegileng (fundus) ya mpa, nša e ja, e nwa, le ho bapala ka tsela e tlwaelehileng ka ho phethahetseng ka matsatsi kapa esita le dibeke tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4. - Mokgwa wa Ball-Valve: Nako le nako, morago ga gore nša e je dijo kgotsa e nwe mogopo o mogolo wa metsi, gastric peristalsis e tlhatswa mokoti o o sediko wa avocado kgotsa sock thwii mo pyloric antrum e e bopegileng jaaka funnel, e thiba tsela e e tswang mo mpeng jaaka bath ya rabara. Ntša e tlhatsa dijo tsa yone tse di sa silwang ka tshoganyetso diura di le 2 go ya go di le 6 morago ga go ja; fa mpa e sena go tlhoka sepe, mokoti kgotsa kausu e pitikologela kwa morago go tsena mo fundus e e bulegileng gape, mme ntša e dira ka bonako e tshwerwe ke tlala e bile e tlwaelegile - go fitlha nako e e tlang fa mokoti o thiba tsela ya go tswa, kgotsa go fitlha go ngotlega go go maatla go feleletsa go tshwara selo seo mo karolong ya duodenum, go dira gore go nne le acute project liboile and non-wel-s-s- go bola.

Dikotsi tse di Kgethegileng tsa Botlhole tsa Afokado (Persin + 75% Fat) le Dikhuti tsa Maungo a Letlapa (Cyanide)¶

1. Nama, Letlalo, le Mogobe wa Avocado (Persea americana):
2. Mo Dintšeng le Dikatseng: Go farologana le dinonyane tsa mo gae, mebutla, dipitse, le dipodi (where the fungicidal toxin Persin in avocado leaves, bark, skin, and pits causes fatal myocardial necrosis, mastitis, and respiratory distress), dintša le dikatse di kgona go emelana le persin ka boyone. Go na le moo, mo dintšeng, go ja abokado go baka maemo a tshoganyetso a mabedi a a farologaneng: 1. Kgoreletso ya mmele o sele ka motšhini go tswa mo mosimeng o mogolo wa abokado o o relelang wa bogolo jwa bolo ya kolofo, le 2. Pancreatitis e e Botlhoko e e Bolayang e e bakiwang ke diteng tse di kwa godimo thata tsa mafura (15% to 30% fat by wet weight) ya nama ya afokato le guacamole (plus onion/garlic toxicity if the dog ate prepared guacamole).
3. Dikhuti tsa Perekisi, Polamo, Diapolekote, Tšheri, le Nektarine (Prunus Mefuta):
4. Mogobe otlhe o o sa Phatlogang: O baka go thibana ga mala a mannye ka motšhini (dithapo tse di bogale, tse di nang le meno mo letlapeng la perekisi di ne tsa tsena mo letlalong la jejunal fela jaaka setlhogo sa mmidi).
5. Tlhaka ya Mosima e e Phatlogileng kgotsa e e Tlfunilweng (Cyanogenic Glycoside Toxicity): Mo teng ga kgapetla e e thata e e kwa ntle ya mokoti wa perekisi, apolekote, plum, kgotsa tšheri go nna tlhaka ya peo e e tshwanang le alemonte e e nang le amygdalin (a cyanogenic glycoside). Fa nša e e nang le ditlhaa tse di nonofileng e ka thuba matlapa a le mantsi a perekisi kgotsa a apolekote mme ya metsa ditlhaka tse di kafa teng, diensaeme tsa mala di dira gore amygdalin e nne hydrogen cyanide (HCN), e e thibelang saitokromo c oksaetese (Complex IV), go thibela disele go dirisa okosejene. Matshwao a botlhole jo bo tseneletseng jwa cyanide a tlhagelela mo metsotsong e le 15 go ya go e le 60: bohibidu jwa ditena (bright cherry-red) dithishu tsa mamina, go hemela kwa godimo (tachypnea), go tshologa mamina, go atologa ga matlho, go tlhotlhorega ga mesifa le go phutlhama.

Go thuma kwa teng 3: Botlhole jwa Macadamia Nut mo Dintšeng - Ke Eng fa Maoto a Morago a Ntša ya Gago a Kgaotsa go Dira ka Tshoganyetso¶

Ga go na dilo di le dintsi tse di tshosang mong wa ntša go feta go tsoga diura di le 8 morago ga gore ntša ya gagwe e tlhotlhore kgetsi ya manoko a macadamia (or white-chocolate macadamia cookies) le go fitlhela nša ya bone e sa kgone go ema ka maoto a yone a a kwa morago (hindlimb paraparesis), a roroma a sa laolege, le go taboga letshoroma.

Porofaele ya Kalafi ya go Tsenwa ke Botlhole jwa Manoko a Macadamia a Ntša (Unique to Dogs)¶

• Molelwane wa Selekanyo se se Botlhole: Matshwao a kalafi a tlhagelela ka selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa digerama di le 0.7 go ya go digerama di le 2.4 tsa manoko a macadamia ka kilogerama ya bokete jwa mmele (mo e ka nnang noko e le 1 e e nang le dikgapetla mo dikilogeramong di le 1 go ya go di le 3 tsa bokete jwa mmele).
• Molanako wa Tshimologo (Hours 3 to 12):
• Bokoa jwa Leoto la Morago le Ataxia (Present in > 80% of cases): Ntša e leka go ema mo bolaong jwa yone, e thekesela e tagilwe ka maoto a yone a a kwa morago, e kokote maroo a yone a a kwa morago ka fa tlase, kgotsa e goga dikarolo tsa yone tsa kwa morago go kgabaganya fa fatshe jaaka e kete e sule ditokololo (ascending pelvic limb paresis with depressed patellar reflexes).
• Botlhoko jwa Manonyeletso le Mesifa (Arthralgia / Myalgia): Ntša e lebega e gagametse, e sa batle go tsamaya, mme e a tshoga fa e kgomiwa dinoka kgotsa lerapo la mokwatla.
• Go Roroma ga Mesifa ya Mmele Otlhe (50% of cases): Go roroma go go boleta go ya go go go makgwakgwa (gantsi go gakadiwa ke botlhoko le letshoroma).
• Go kgwa, go lapa, le go nna le mogote o o feteletseng (Rectal Temp 39.7 to 40.6 C / 103.5 to 105.0 F).
• Bolwetse jo bo Botlhofo go ya go jo bo Maswe jo bo kwa Godimo le Lipase e e kwa Godimo ya Serum (Pancreatitis Risk): Ka gonne manoko a macadamia a na le diperesente di le 75 go ya go di le 80 tsa oli ka bokete (diteng tse di kwa godimo tsa mafura mo manokong ape a setlhare), mefuta e e magareng le e mennye (especially Miniature Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, Dachshunds, and Cocker Spaniels) ba lebane le kotsi e e bonalang ya pancreatitis e e botlhoko ya bobedi diura di le 24 go ya go di le 72 moragonyana.
• Dikgang tse di Molemo (100% Reversible Neurological Recovery in 24 to 48 Hours): Le fa botlhole jo bo tlhomameng jwa methapo jo bo nwelelang mo metsing kgotsa mo mafurang jo bo mo teng ga Macadamia integrifolia le Macadamia tetraphylla bo sa ntse bo sa lemogiwe ke baitseanape ba dikhemikhale tsa ditshedi, thibelo ya methapo kwa kgolaganong ya mesifa ya dintša/mothapo wa mokwatla ke diperesente di le 100 tsa nakwana mme e seng tsa nakwana. Ka tlhokomelo ya kalafi ya diphologolo e e tshegetsang (go tsholola go sa le gale le magala a a dirisiwang fa a tshwarwa mo diureng di le 2, kalafi ya dieledi tsa IV go tsidifatsa letshoroma le go tlhatswa diphilo, melemo e e kgatlhanong le go feroga sebete [ 1 ].maropitant / Cerenia], go okobatsa botlhoko, le go ja dijo tse di gagametseng tse di nang le mafura a mannye thata ka malatsi a le 5), mo e ka nnang diperesente di le 100 tsa dintša di kgona go dirisa maoto a tsone a a kwa morago ka botlalo, ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 24 go ya go di le 48 di se na tshenyo epe ya leruri ya ditshika.

Dingaka tsa Diphologolo kgatlhanong le Beng ba Tlhatsa Leng le Jang (And Why Salt Is Deadly)¶

Fa o leletsa ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo kgotsa Taolo ya Botlhole jwa Diphologolo mo lobakeng lwa metsotso e le 30 go ya go e le 90 morago ga go metsa e e babalesegileng go kgwa (jaaka manoko a macadamia a a tlwaelegileng, merara, tšhokolete, kgotsa selo se sennye sa letsela le le boleta mo ntsweng e e itekanetseng, e e senang brachycephalic), latela ditaelo tsa bone tse di tlhomameng tsa go ntsha botlhole:

• Goreng go Ratwa Emesis ya Tleliniki ya Diphologolo ka Metlha (Apomorphine kgotsa Ropinirole / Clevor): Dingaka tsa diphologolo di ntsha lerothodi la ropinirole (Clevor) kgotsa apomorphine mo kgetsaneng ya lethapo (kgotsa IV), e e tlhotlheletsang kgaolo ya boboko e e tlhotlheletsang dikhemikhale (CRTZ) ka D2 di-dopamine ka jalo nša e kgwa sentle mo lobakeng lwa metsotso e le 3 go ya go e le 8 (90%+ success rate). Mo dikatseng, dingaka tsa diphologolo di dirisa dexmedetomidine kgotsa xylazine e e tlhabelwang (alpha-2 agonists), mokgwa o le mongwe fela o o babalesegileng wa go dira gore katse e tswe.
• Fa e Laelwa ke Ngaka ya Diphologolo go Dirisa 3% ya Haeterojene Perokosaete (H2O2) mo Ntšeng FELA: Tlhomamisa gore e foreše 3% USP Haeterojene Perokosaete ya mo Gae (never hair-bleach 6% to 40% peroxide). Selekanyo se se tlwaelegileng sa kalafi ya diphologolo (confirm by phone first) ke 2.2 mL ka kilogerama (1 mL per pound, kgotsa 1 teaspoon [5 mL] per 5 pounds), go fitlha go bogolo jo bo gagametseng jwa 45 mL (3 tablespoons) bakeng sa ntja efe kapa efe e kgolo, e tshelwa ka kgetsing ya marama ka mora ho fana ka borotho bo bonyane. O se ka wa naya ditekanyetso tse di fetang tse pedi ka kakaretso; peroxide e e feteletseng e baka gastritis e e masisi ya diso le embolism e e sa tlwaelegang ya gase.
• O SE KE wa Dirisa Letswai la Tafole, Metsi a Mosetareta, Sesepa sa Dijana, kgotsa go Gapa Menwana: Go tshela dikgaba tsa letswai la tafole (sodium chloride) go ya kwa tlase mo kgokgotsong ya ntša go baka hypernatremia e e bolayang thata (salt poisoning), go goga metsi mo diseleng tsa boboko mme go baka go ruruga ga boboko, go thuthumela le go swa mo lobakeng lwa diura di le 2 go ya go di le 6.

Dinomoro tsa maemo a tshoganyetso tsa kgaolo le diporothokholo tsa boemedi¶

• United States le Canada: Leletsa bookelo jwa tshoganyetso jwa diphologolo jwa selegae jwa gago jo bo dirang diura di le 24, Lefelo la Taolo ya Botlhole jwa Diphologolo la ASPCA (APCC) mo go 1-888-426-4435, kgotsa Mogala wa Thuso wa Botlhole jwa Diruiwa tsa mo Gae mo go 1-855-764-7661 (24/7).
• United Kingdom: Leletsa ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo ya tshoganyetso ya diura di le 24 kgotsa Mogala wa Botlhole jwa Diphologolo mo go 01202 509000 (Tirelo ya Tshedimosetso ya Botlhole jwa Diphologolo [VPIS]). Mekgatlho ya thuso ya UK e e akaretsang PDSA le Blue Cross e tlhagisa kgatlhanong le go fepa dintša marapo a a apeilweng kgotsa ditlhaka tsa mmidi.
• Kopano ya Yuropa: Ikgolaganye le bookelo jwa diphologolo jo bo gaufi le wena jwa diura di le 24 kgotsa lefelo la bosetšhaba la botlhole jwa kalafi ya diphologolo (CAPAE-Ouest kwa Fora mo go 02 40 68 77 40).
• Australia le New Zealand: Leletsa Mogala wa Thuso wa Botlhole jwa Diphologolo wa Australia mo go 1300 869 738 (1300 TOX PET) kwa Australia kgotsa 0800 869 738 kwa New Zealand (kwa botlhole jwa Macadamia integrifolia jwa tlholego mo dintšeng bo neng jwa tlhaolwa la ntlha ke Mokgatlho wa Kalafi ya Diphologolo wa Australia [AVA]).
• India le Asia-Pacific: Tswelela kwa bookelong jo bo gaufi jwa gago jwa kalafi ya diphologolo kgotsa lefapha la karo la kholetšhe ya kalafi ya diphologolo (bona dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso).

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa¶

Ke eng o rile go fepa borotho jo bosweu jo bo bonolo kgotsa ditapole tse di thugilweng morago ga gore nša ya me e metse lerapo la koko le le apeilweng, fa bakaedi ba thuso ya potlako ba batho ba re "O se ka wa ja borotho" fa ngwana a ka metsa lerapo?¶

Ka gonne popego ya go metsa ya dintša le ya motho e a farologana. Mo ngwaneng yo o nang le lerapo le lesesane la tlhapi le le kgomaretseng kwa godimo mo di-tonsil kgotsa mo kgokgotsong, go kometsa borotho jo bo omileng go kgoromeletsa lerapo kwa teng mo leboteng la molala. Go farologana le seo, dintša di na le mometso o o bulegileng mme di metsa dikarolo tsa marapo a koko a a phatlogileng ka tlhamalalo mo mpeng. Fa dikarolwana tseo tse di bogale tse di apeilweng tsa marapo di setse di le mo mpeng ya ntša (ka go tlhoka go tlhotlhora kgotsa go tsholola mamina), go fepa mosamo o mogolo wa borotho jo bo boleta, ditapole tse di thugilweng, kgotsa lephutshe le le mo makotikoting go phuthela dikarolwana tsa marapo mo teng ga mpa ka jalo go ngotlega ga go gatelele dinalete tsa marapo tse di sa aparang sepe mo mpeng ( 1.0 go ya go 1.5) e nolofatsa dintlha tsa marapo.

A nka naya nša ya me oli ya diminerale kgotsa oli ya merogo kwa gae go "tlogetsa" kausu e e meditsweng, setlhogo sa mmidi, kgotsa lerapo?¶

Le ka motlha o se ke wa naya ntša kgotsa katse oli ya diminerale, oli ya castor kgotsa dikopi tsa oli ya merogo ka molomo. Oli ya diminerale ga e na tatso e bile ga e na monko, ka jalo diruiwa tsa mo gae di palelwa ke go tsosa reflex ya go kometsa e e sireletsang mme di hema oli ka tidimalo mo mafatlheng, mme seno se baka nyumonia e e bolayang ya lipoid aspiration. Go sa le jalo, dikopi tsa oli ya merogo di silwa mo maleng a mannye kwantle ga go ngotlela tlhogo ya mmidi kgotsa kausu fa di ntse di tsosa bolwetse jo bo botlhoko jwa manyike.

Ke lobaka lo lo kana kang morago ga gore ntša ya me e metse kausu kgotsa tlhogo ya mmidi e santse e ka baka go thibana? Ntša yame e jele kausu malatsi a le 10 a a fetileng mme e ne e siame go fitlha e latlha gompieno.¶

Kausu e e meditsweng, diaparo tsa ka fa teng, tlhogo ya mmidi, kgotsa mokoti wa perekisi di ka nna mo teng ga mpa ya ntša dibeke di le 1 go ya go di le 6 pele ga di baka go thibana go go botlhoko ga mala a mannye. Fa selo seno se ntse se wela mo teng ga phaposi e kgolo e e bulegileng ya mala, dijo le metsi di elela go feta mo go sone di se na matshwao ape kgotsa di se na matshwao ape. Dibeke moragonyana, go ngotlega go go maatla go tlhotlhora sock kgotsa cob ka belefo ya pyloric go tsena mo duodenum kgotsa jejunum e e tshesane, koo e tshwaraganang thata gone mme e dira gore motho a tlhatse ka projectile a sa kgaotse. Ka metlha bolelela ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo ka selo sengwe le sengwe se se meditsweng mo dikgweding di le 1 go ya go di le 2 tse di fetileng.

Ntša yame e jele manoko a macadamia a le 10 diura di le 8 tse di fetileng mme jaanong ga e kgone go ema ka maoto a yone a a kwa morago mme e a roroma. A o sule ditokololo ruri?¶

Le fa go swa bogale ga maoto a a kwa morago a macadamia nut le go roroma go lebega go tshosa, go nna botlhole ga methapo ya macadamia nut mo dintšeng ke ga nakwana diperesente di le 100 mme go ka busediwa morago. Dira gore ngaka ya gago ya diphologolo e kgaotse go ja mmogo tšhokolete, diterebe, kgotsa xylitol, tlhola pancreatitis ya bobedi go tswa mo diteng tse di kwa godimo tsa mafura, mme e neele diedi le go okobatsa botlhoko. Mo e ka nnang nša nngwe le nngwe e e nang le toxicosis e e phepa ya manoko a macadamia e tsamaya ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng gotlhelele mo diureng di le 24 go ya go di le 48.

A marapo a a tala a a nang le nama a babalesegile mo dintšeng fa marapo a a apeilweng a le kotsi?¶

Marapo a tala gape a na le dikotsi tse dikgolo tsa tshoganyetso tse di tlhagisitsweng ke AVMA le FDA: go thuba marapo a moko a a thata a a tala a a rwalang bokete (di-beef femurs kgotsa antlers) ke sone se se bakang "go robega ga letlapa" le le botlhoko la leino le le kwa godimo la bone la motlhagare le marapo a moko a a bulegileng a a bulegileng kgapetsakgapetsa meno a dintša, le marapo a koko kgotsa a kolobe a a tala a na le dikotsi tsa Salmonella, Campylobacter, le E. coli.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang¶

• Ntša kgotsa katse e e hupelang: Heimlich wa mo gae le CPR
• Ntša e jele xylitol, tšhokolete, merara, diterebe, kgotsa ibuprofen: sebadi sa selekanyo
• Katse e ne ya ja dithunya tsa malomo, marothodi a ntša a permethrin, kgotsa mmele o sele wa mogala
• Ntša e jele Palema ya Sago, mushroom wa Amanita, kgotsa algae e e botala jwa loapi: tlhatlhobo ya sebete
• Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso

Metswedi le kaelo ya semmuso¶

• Setheo sa Taolo ya Botlhole jwa Diphologolo sa ASPCA (APCC, Hansen, Buck, Khan le ba bangwe, Kalafi ya Diphologolo, United States): Bokoa, Ataxia, Go roroma, le Mogote o o Feteletseng o o Amanang le go Metswa ga Manoko a Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) mo Dintšeng: Tsibogo ya Selekanyo le Mola wa Nako wa go Fola mo Kalafing.
• Kholetšhe ya Amerika ya Dingaka tsa Diphologolo (ACVS, United States): Dilo Tse Di Seng Tsa Mala mo Dintšeng le Dikatseng: Go Tlhatlhoba Bolwetse ka Radiokerafi le ka Ultrasonokerafi (Corn Cob Sign, Plication), Go Busediwa ga Mala ka Endoscope kgatlhanong le go Kgaola Mala, le Thibelo ya Peritonitis ya Septic.
• Botsamaisi jwa Dijo le Melemo jwa United States (FDA Setheo sa Kalafi ya Diphologolo) le Mokgatlho wa Kalafi ya Diphologolo wa Amerika (AVMA): Tlhagiso ya Pabalesego ya Badirisi: Ke Eng fa o sa Tshwanela go Naya Marapo a a Apeilweng (Chicken, Turkey, Rib, or Pork Bones) go Ntša ya Gago.
• Lekwalopaka la Maemo a Tshoganyetso le Tlhokomelo e e Masisi ya Kalafi ya Diphologolo (JVECC, Obr le ba bangwe. / Niedzwecki le ba bangwe): Pabalesego le Bokgoni jwa go Runya ga Diphologolo (Apomorphine, Ropinirole) kgatlhanong le 3% ya Haeterojene Perokosaete, le Go Ganediwa ka Tsela e e Gagametseng ya Haeterojene Perokosaete mo Dikatseng le mo go Metseng Dilo Tse di Bogale.
• Mokgatlho wa Kalafi ya Diphologolo wa Australia (AVA) le Setheo sa Botlhole jwa Diphologolo (McKenzie et al., Jenale ya Kalafi ya Diphologolo ya Australia, Australia): Go Tlhaola Botlhole jwa Dinoko tsa Macadamia tsa Dintša le Dikgoreletsi tsa Mmele wa Matlapa / Afokado.