Dog Swallowed a Corn Cob, Sock, Cooked Chicken Bone, or Macadamia Nuts: When to Induce Vomiting vs Never Vomit¶

When a dog raids the barbecue trash, laundry basket, or snack table and gulps down a cooked chicken or rib bone, a piece of corn on the cob, a pair of socks or underwear, a whole peach or avocado pit, or a handful of macadamia nuts, making the wrong first-aid decision in the first 10 minutes can turn a manageable ingestion into a fatal thoracic or abdominal catastrophe. The single most dangerous mistake pet owners make is blindly pouring 3 percent hydrogen peroxide down a dog's throat to make them vomit up a sharp cooked bone, large jagged object, or corn cob: while a sharp bone often slides down the esophagus with its pointed splintered end trailing behind, forcing the dog to violently heave it back up against the lower esophageal sphincter drives the needle-sharp bone splinters straight through the esophageal wall right next to the heart and lungs (thoracic esophageal perforation and septic pyothorax). Conversely, when a dog swallows a soft fabric sock within the last 60 minutes, veterinary-induced emesis (or endoscopic retrieval) can save the dog from an expensive surgical enterotomy, while a dog that ate macadamia nuts develops dramatic, frightening temporary hindlimb paralysis within 6 to 12 hours that looks like a spinal stroke (yet has a near-100-percent recovery rate with supportive care). If your pet is actively choking, gagging, pawing at its mouth, or turning blue, follow our choking dog or cat: pet Heimlich and CPR protocol immediately (and see all emergency numbers); otherwise, use this surgical and toxicological triage guide alongside dog ate xylitol, chocolate, grapes, or ibuprofen and cat ate lilies, permethrin, or linear string.

Do this now¶

1. STOP: Check the "NEVER Induce Vomiting" List before reaching for hydrogen peroxide. NEVER induce vomiting in a dog or cat if they swallowed:
2. Cooked Poultry, Pork, Rib, Steak, or Fish Bones (splinters into needle-sharp shards that lacerate the esophagus on the way back up).
3. Wood Skewers, Toothpicks, Sewing Needles, Fishhooks, Glass, or Sharp Plastic.
4. Caustic Chemicals, Batteries, or Petroleum Products.
5. Any object in a Brachycephalic (Flat-Faced) Dog (English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Pug, Boston Terrier, Shih Tzu, Boxer: extremely high risk of fatal aspiration pneumonia when vomiting at home).
6. Any CAT (Never give 3% hydrogen peroxide to a cat): In cats, oral hydrogen peroxide causes fatal hemorrhagic, necroulcerative gastritis and esophageal ulceration (30% mortality in feline case reports).
7. Any dog that is already lethargic, trembling, weak in the back legs (such as after eating macadamia nuts), or already vomiting on its own.
8. If your dog just swallowed a Cooked Chicken, Turkey, Pork, or Rib Bone (and is breathing/swallowing normally), feed the "Bulky Bread / Mashed Potato Cushion" and call your veterinarian.
9. Why cooking turns bones into glass-like daggers: Cooking (roasting, boiling, frying, smoking, or microwaving) strips collagen moisture out of bone matrix and cross-links the mineral hydroxyapatite crystals, making cooked bones brittle so they shatter longitudinally into razor-sharp points when crunched by a dog's carnassial molars.
10. The Cushioning Protocol (Only if the dog is NOT gagging, drooling, or retching): Call your veterinarian immediately; for small-to-medium cooked bone fragments that have already reached the stomach, veterinarians routinely advise feeding a bulky, soft, high-fiber meal right away - such as 2 to 4 slices of soft white or whole-wheat bread, plain cooked mashed potatoes, plain canned pumpkin puree (not pie filling), or cooked white rice/oatmeal - which wraps around the sharp bone splinters inside the stomach like a protective bolus while stomach hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0 to 2.0, far stronger than human stomach acid) begins decalcifying and softening the thinner bone edges on your way to the clinic for an X-ray.
11. If your dog swallowed a Corn Cob, Whole Peach/Nectarine/Avocado Pit, or Rubber Toy (Do NOT wait for vomiting to start). Unlike cooked chicken bones (which stomach acid can partially dissolve), a corn cob (even a 3-centimeter / 1-inch mini-cob round), peach stone, or mango/avocado pit is 100 percent indigestible. Stomach acid cannot soften a corn cob by a single millimeter, and its rough, abrasive honeycomb surface grabs onto the lining of the small intestine (jejunum/ileum) like Velcro, sawing through the bowel wall and causing complete mechanical obstruction. Call your veterinarian or 24-hour veterinary ER within the first 1 to 4 hours while the cob or pit is still sitting in the stomach where it can be retrieved with a flexible endoscope (without cutting open the abdomen).
12. If your dog swallowed a Sock, Underwear, Dish Towel, or Pantyhose (Within the Last 1 to 2 Hours). Soft fabric items (socks, underwear, plush-toy stuffing) are the #1 cause of surgical gastrointestinal foreign-body removal in dogs. If the ingestion happened within 1 to 2 hours and the item was a single soft ankle sock in a medium-to-large non-brachycephalic dog, rush to your veterinarian immediately: injectable veterinary apomorphine or ropinirole eye drops successfully make 80 to 85 percent of dogs vomit up a soft sock at the clinic within 10 minutes, avoiding a 3,500-to-6,000-dollar abdominal surgery.
13. If your dog ate Macadamia Nuts (Raw, Roasted, Salted, or White-Chocolate Macadamia Cookies), check the dose (>= 2.0 grams per kilogram) and check for chocolate/xylitol co-ingredients.
14. Rule of Thumb (-1 Macadamia Nut per Kilogram of Body Weight): One average shelled macadamia nut kernel weighs 2.0 to 2.5 grams. Eating as little as 0.7 to 2.0 grams of macadamia nuts per kilogram of body weight (roughly 1 nut per 1 to 2.2 pounds of dog, or just 4 to 5 macadamia nuts in a 5-kg / 11-lb Miniature Schnauzer or French Bulldog) triggers acute ascending hindlimb weakness/paralysis, muscle tremors, joint stiffness, vomiting, and fever (up to 40.5 C / 105 F) within 3 to 12 hours, plus a high risk of acute pancreatitis from the 75 percent fat content.
15. Watch for the 5 Classic Signs of Complete Gastrointestinal Obstruction (Requires Immediate Emergency Surgery). Over the next 12 hours to 14 days after any suspected foreign object ingestion, rush to a 24-hour veterinary emergency hospital if your dog or cat develops:
16. Repetitive projectile vomiting or inability to keep even small sips of water down (often starting 6 to 48 hours after ingestion, or up to weeks later if a sock or cob was rolling around in the stomach as a "ball-valve" before dropping into the small bowel).
17. Anorexia (refusal of favorite treats), lip-smacking, or drooling.
18. The "Prayer Position" (stretching front legs flat on the floor with the chest down and hind end sticking up in the air), which is the classic canine posture for severe upper abdominal / pancreatic / duodenal pain.
19. Absence of stool (or straining to pass tiny drops of dark bloody liquid diarrhea around an obstruction).
20. Pale or tacky gums, racing heart rate (> 140 to 160 bpm), or a tight, painful belly (indicating bowel perforation and septic peritonitis).

Decision tree: Dog or cat swallowed bones, corn cob, sock, pit, or macadamia nuts¶

flowchart TD
    A["Dog or Cat Swallowed Cooked Bone, Corn Cob, Sock/Fabric, Stone-Fruit/Avocado Pit, or Macadamia Nuts"] --> B{"1. Check Airway & Immediate Choking Signs"}
    B -->|"Gagging violently, pawing at mouth, high-pitched stridor, cyanotic (blue) gums, or collapsed"| C["ACUTE CHOKING EMERGENCY: Open mouth and sweep ONLY if visibly wedged at back of throat -> Perform Canine/Feline Heimlich Thrusts or Chest Compressions + Wheelbarrow Lift -> Rush to nearest Vet ER"]
    B -->|"Breathing comfortably, able to swallow saliva"| D{"2. Which specific item was swallowed?"}
    D -->|"Cooked Bone (Chicken, turkey, rib, pork, steak, or fish bone)"| E["NEVER INDUCE VOMITING (Bone splinters perforate esophagus on the way up). If dog has NO gagging/vomiting, offer bulky cushion (soft bread / mashed potatoes / canned pumpkin) + Go to Vet for X-ray & 72-hr perforation/constipation watch"]
    D -->|"Corn Cob, Peach/Plum/Mango/Avocado Pit, or Hard Rubber/Plastic Toy"| F["100% INDIGESTIBLE OBSTRUCTION HAZARD: Do NOT induce vomiting at home for jagged cobs/large pits -> Rush to Vet within 1 to 4 hrs for Endoscopic Retrieval from stomach before it wedges in the small intestine and requires abdominal surgery"]
    D -->|"Soft Fabric (Sock, Underwear, Ribbon, String, or Plush Toy)"| G{"3. Species & Time Since Swallowing Fabric"}
    G -->|"CAT with String/Ribbon/Thread OR Any Pet > 2 to 4 hrs ago or already vomiting"| H["NEVER pull string hanging from mouth or anus -> NEVER give peroxide to a cat -> Rush to Vet ER for Ultrasound/X-ray & Endoscopy or Surgical Enterotomy"]
    G -->|"Non-brachycephalic DOG swallowed soft sock < 1 to 2 hrs ago with zero symptoms"| I["Go to Vet IMMEDIATELY: Vet can safely administer injectable Apomorphine / Ropinirole eye drops to induce emesis (85% success) or remove via scope"]
    D -->|"Macadamia Nuts (Raw, roasted, or in cookies/trail mix)"| J["Check for Chocolate/Raisins/Xylitol co-ingestion -> Call Vet / Poison Control -> If eaten < 2 hrs ago (and dog is NOT yet wobbly/weak), vet induces emesis + Activated Charcoal -> Monitor 12 to 48 hrs for reversible Hindlimb Paralysis & Pancreatitis"]

Item-by-item emergency breakdown: What happens inside your pet's body¶

Use this comparison table to understand why each of these five common household ingestions requires a completely different veterinary strategy:

Deep dive 1: Cooked Bones - The 72-Hour Perforation and Rectal Impaction Watch¶

Why do wild wolves and coyotes eat raw prey bones while a domestic dog that swallows a cooked rotisserie chicken drumstick or pork rib bone ends up in the veterinary ICU? - Raw Bone vs. Cooked Bone Biomechanics: Raw living bone is a flexible composite of 35 percent elastic Type I collagen protein and 65 percent calcium phosphate mineral. When a bone is boiled, baked, grilled, or smoked, heat denatures the collagen fibers, leaving behind a brittle, glass-like mineral shell. When your dog bites a cooked chicken bone in half, it shatters longitudinally into 45-degree oblique needle tips as sharp as a hypodermic needle. - How Canine Stomach Acid Works (And Why the Bread/Pumpkin Cushion Helps): A dog's resting stomach pH during digestion drops to pH 1.0 to 1.5 (nearly 10 times more acidic than human stomach acid). If a small cooked chicken bone makes it safely down the esophagus into the stomach without piercing the wall, and you feed soft bread, mashed potatoes, or canned pumpkin, two things happen: 1. The bulky carbohydrate/fiber mash coats the sharp tips so gastric contractions do not press bare bone needles directly into the stomach wall (preventing gastric perforation). 2. The food stimulus triggers parietal cells to secrete concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) while keeping the pyloric sphincter closed longer, giving stomach acid 6 to 12 hours to leach calcium out of the thin bone splinters and turn their sharp tips rubbery before they pass into the small intestine. - The Day 2 to Day 3 Danger (Colonic & Rectal Bone-Gravel Impaction): Even if the bones pass through the small intestine without perforating, undigested bone fragments and chalky calcium-phosphate "bone sand" accumulate in the descending colon and rectum 24 to 72 hours later, where the colon absorbs all the water out of the stool. This turns the bone fragments into a rock-hard, jagged bone-concrete fecalith. - Warning signs at 24 to 72 hours: Your dog squats repeatedly to poop (tenesmus), cries out or yelps in pain while straining, and passes only drops of bright red blood (hematochezia) or liquid mucus. - What to do: Never give human Fleet (sodium phosphate) enemas to a dog or cat (causes fatal hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany), and never try to pull a sharp bone shard out of the rectum with pliers. A veterinarian will sedate the dog, infuse warm saline and sterile water-soluble lubricant enemas, and gently break up and extract the impacted bone gravel manually without tearing the rectal wall.

Deep dive 2: Corn Cobs, Socks, and Avocado/Peach Pits - The "Ball-Valve" Stomach Trap¶

One of the most confusing clinical phenomena for pet owners is intermittent "Ball-Valve" vomiting: - How a Corn Cob, Avocado Pit, or Sock Hides in the Stomach for Weeks: Suppose your Golden Retriever swallows a whole avocado pit, a peach stone, or an ankle sock on Sunday. Because the pit or balled-up sock is 3.5 to 5 centimeters wide, it is too large to squeeze through the narrow pyloric outflow tract into the small intestine. While sitting loose inside the roomy main body (fundus) of the stomach, the dog eats, drinks, and plays completely normally for days or even 2 to 4 weeks. - The Ball-Valve Mechanism: Periodically, after the dog eats a meal or drinks a big bowl of water, gastric peristalsis washes the round avocado pit or sock right into the funnel-shaped pyloric antrum, plugging the stomach exit like a rubber bath plug. The dog suddenly vomits up its undigested meal 2 to 6 hours after eating; once the stomach empties, the pit or sock rolls backward into the roomy fundus again, and the dog immediately acts hungry and normal - until the next time the pit plugs the exit, or until a strong contraction finally jams the object partway into the duodenum, triggering acute, non-stop projectile vomiting and life-threatening small-bowel necrosis.

Special Toxic Risks of Avocado (Persin + 75% Fat) and Stone-Fruit Pits (Cyanide)¶

1. Avocado Flesh, Skin, and Pit (Persea americana):
2. In Dogs and Cats: Unlike pet birds, rabbits, horses, and goats (where the fungicidal toxin Persin in avocado leaves, bark, skin, and pits causes fatal myocardial necrosis, mastitis, and respiratory distress), dogs and cats are relatively resistant to persin itself. Instead, in dogs, eating an avocado causes two distinct emergencies: 1. Mechanical foreign-body obstruction from the large, slippery golf-ball-sized avocado pit, and 2. Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis triggered by the extremely high lipid content (15% to 30% fat by wet weight) of avocado flesh and guacamole (plus onion/garlic toxicity if the dog ate prepared guacamole).
3. Peach, Plum, Apricot, Cherry, and Nectarine Pits (Prunus Species):
4. Whole Uncracked Pit: Causes mechanical small-bowel obstruction (the sharp, serrated ridges on a peach stone saw into the jejunal lining just like a corn cob).
5. Cracked or Chewed Pit Kernel (Cyanogenic Glycoside Toxicity): Inside the hard outer shell of a peach, apricot, plum, or cherry pit sits an almond-like seed kernel rich in amygdalin (a cyanogenic glycoside). If a strong-jawed dog crunches multiple peach or apricot stones open and swallows the inner kernels, gut enzymes hydrolyze amygdalin into hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which blocks mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV), preventing cells from using oxygen. Signs of acute cyanide toxicosis appear within 15 to 60 minutes: brick-red (bright cherry-red) mucous membranes, frantic panting (tachypnea), drooling, dilated pupils, muscle spasms, and collapse.

Deep dive 3: Macadamia Nut Toxicosis in Dogs - Why Your Dog's Back Legs Suddenly Stop Working¶

Few things terrify a dog owner more than waking up 8 hours after their dog counter-surfed a bag of macadamia nuts (or white-chocolate macadamia cookies) and finding their dog unable to stand up on its back legs (hindlimb paraparesis), shaking uncontrollably, and running a fever.

Clinical Profile of Canine Macadamia Nut Poisoning (Unique to Dogs)¶

• Toxic Dose Threshold: Clinical signs occur at doses as low as 0.7 grams to 2.4 grams of macadamia nuts per kilogram of body weight (roughly 1 shelled nut per 1 to 3 kilograms [2.2 to 6.6 pounds] of body weight).
• Timeline of Onset (Hours 3 to 12):
• Hindlimb Weakness & Ataxia (Present in > 80% of cases): The dog tries to stand up from its bed, wobbles drunkenly on its hind legs, knuckles its rear paws under, or drags its hindquarters across the floor as if paralyzed (ascending pelvic limb paresis with depressed patellar reflexes).
• Joint & Muscle Pain (Arthralgia / Myalgia): The dog appears stiff, reluctant to walk, and winces when its hips or spine are touched.
• Whole-Body Muscle Tremors (50% of cases): Fine-to-coarse shivering tremors (often worsened by pain and fever).
• Vomiting, Lethargy, and Hyperthermia (Rectal Temp 39.7 to 40.6 C / 103.5 to 105.0 F).
• Mild-to-Severe Hypertriglyceridemia & Elevated Serum Lipase (Pancreatitis Risk): Because macadamia nuts are 75 to 80 percent oil by weight (the highest fat content of any tree nut), medium and miniature breeds (especially Miniature Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, Dachshunds, and Cocker Spaniels) face a significant risk of secondary acute pancreatitis 24 to 72 hours later.
• The Good News (100% Reversible Neurological Recovery in 24 to 48 Hours): Although the exact water- or lipid-soluble neurotoxin inside Macadamia integrifolia and Macadamia tetraphylla remains unidentified by biochemists, the neurological blockade at the canine neuromuscular junction/spinal cord is 100 percent temporary and non-lethal. With supportive veterinary care (early emesis and activated charcoal if caught within 2 hours, IV fluid therapy to cool fever and flush kidneys, anti-nausea medication [maropitant / Cerenia], pain relief, and a strict ultra-low-fat diet for 5 days), virtually 100 percent of dogs regain full, normal use of their back legs within 24 to 48 hours with zero permanent nerve damage.

When and How Veterinarians vs. Owners Induce Vomiting (And Why Salt Is Deadly)¶

If you call your veterinarian or Animal Poison Control within 30 to 90 minutes of a safe-to-vomit ingestion (such as plain macadamia nuts, grapes, chocolate, or a small soft cloth item in a healthy, non-brachycephalic dog), follow their exact decontamination instructions:

• Why Veterinary Clinic Emesis Is Always Preferred (Apomorphine or Ropinirole / Clevor): Veterinarians administer a drop of ropinirole (Clevor) or apomorphine into the conjunctival sac (or IV), stimulating the brain's chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ) via D2 dopamine receptors so the dog vomits cleanly within 3 to 8 minutes (90%+ success rate). In cats, veterinarians use injectable dexmedetomidine or xylazine (alpha-2 agonists), the only safe method to induce emesis in a cat.
• If Directed by a Veterinarian to Use 3% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) in a Dog ONLY: Verify it is fresh 3% USP Household Hydrogen Peroxide (never hair-bleach 6% to 40% peroxide). The standard veterinary dose (confirm by phone first) is 2.2 mL per kilogram (1 mL per pound, or 1 teaspoon [5 mL] per 5 pounds), up to a strict maximum of 45 mL (3 tablespoons) for any large dog, squirted into the cheek pouch after offering a small piece of bread. Never give more than two doses total; excess peroxide causes severe necroulcerative gastritis and rare gas embolism.
• NEVER Use Table Salt, Mustard Water, Dish Soap, or Finger Gagging: Pouring tablespoons of table salt (sodium chloride) down a dog's throat causes acute lethal hypernatremia (salt poisoning), pulling water out of brain cells and causing cerebral edema, seizures, and death within 2 to 6 hours.

Regional emergency numbers and agency protocols¶

• United States and Canada: Call your local 24-hour veterinary emergency hospital, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at 1-888-426-4435, or Pet Poison Helpline at 1-855-764-7661 (24/7).
• United Kingdom: Call your 24-hour emergency vet or the Animal PoisonLine at 01202 509000 (Veterinary Poisons Information Service [VPIS]). UK charities including the PDSA and Blue Cross warn against feeding cooked bones or corn cobs to dogs.
• European Union: Contact your nearest 24-hour veterinary hospital or national veterinary poison center (CAPAE-Ouest in France at 02 40 68 77 40).
• Australia and New Zealand: Call the Australian Animal Poisons Helpline at 1300 869 738 (1300 TOX PET) in Australia or 0800 869 738 in New Zealand (where native Macadamia integrifolia toxicosis in dogs was first characterized by the Australian Veterinary Association [AVA]).
• India and Asia-Pacific: Proceed to your nearest 24-hour veterinary hospital or veterinary college surgery department (see emergency numbers).

Frequently asked questions¶

Why did you say to feed soft white bread or mashed potatoes after my dog swallowed a cooked chicken bone, when human first-aid guides say "Never eat bread" if a child swallows a bone?¶

Because canine and human swallowing anatomy differ. In a child with a thin fishbone stuck high in the tonsils or throat, swallowing dry bread pushes the bone deeper into the neck wall. In contrast, dogs have a wide esophagus and gulp crunched chicken bone pieces straight into the stomach. Once those sharp cooked bone fragments are in the dog's stomach (with zero gagging or drooling), feeding a bulky cushion of soft bread, mashed potatoes, or canned pumpkin wraps around the bone splinters inside the stomach so contractions do not press bare bone needles into the stomach wall while the dog's strong hydrochloric stomach acid (pH 1.0 to 1.5) softens the bone edges.

Can I give my dog mineral oil or vegetable oil at home to "lubricate" a swallowed sock, corn cob, or bone?¶

Never give mineral oil, castor oil, or cups of vegetable oil by mouth to a dog or cat. Mineral oil is tasteless and odorless, so pets fail to trigger a protective swallow reflex and inhale the oil silently into the lungs, causing fatal lipoid aspiration pneumonia. Meanwhile, cups of vegetable oil are digested in the small intestine without shrinking a corn cob or sock while triggering acute pancreatitis.

How long after my dog swallowed a sock or corn cob can it still cause a blockage? My dog ate a sock 10 days ago and was fine until throwing up today.¶

A swallowed sock, underwear, corn cob, or peach pit can sit inside a dog's stomach for 1 to 6 weeks before causing an acute small-bowel obstruction. While the object tumbles loose inside the wide main chamber of the stomach, food and water flow past it with few or no symptoms. Weeks later, a strong contraction squeezes the sock or cob through the pyloric valve into the narrow duodenum or jejunum, where it wedges tightly and triggers non-stop projectile vomiting. Always tell your veterinarian about any object swallowed in the past 1 to 2 months.

My dog ate 10 macadamia nuts 8 hours ago and now cannot stand up on his back legs and is shaking. Is he permanently paralyzed?¶

Although acute macadamia nut hindlimb paralysis and tremors look terrifying, macadamia nut neurotoxicity in dogs is 100 percent temporary and reversible. Have your veterinarian rule out co-ingestion of chocolate, raisins, or xylitol, check for secondary pancreatitis from the high fat content, and provide fluids and pain relief. Almost every dog with pure macadamia nut toxicosis walks completely normally within 24 to 48 hours.

Are raw meaty bones safe for dogs if cooked bones are dangerous?¶

Raw bones also carry significant emergency risks warned against by the AVMA and FDA: crunching hard raw weight-bearing marrow bones (beef femurs or antlers) is the leading cause of painful "slab fractures" of the upper fourth premolar tooth, cut-open round marrow bone rings frequently slip over the lower jaw and lock behind the canine teeth, and raw poultry or pork bones carry Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli risks.

Related guides¶

• Choking dog or cat: pet Heimlich and CPR
• Dog ate xylitol, chocolate, grapes, raisins, or ibuprofen: dose calculator
• Cat ate lilies, permethrin dog flea drops, or linear string foreign body
• Dog ate Sago Palm, Amanita mushroom, or blue-green algae: liver triage
• Emergency numbers

Sources and official guidance¶

• ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC, Hansen, Buck, Khan et al., Veterinary Medicine, United States): Weakness, Ataxia, Tremors, and Hyperthermia Associated with Macadamia Nut (Macadamia integrifolia) Ingestion in Dogs: Dose-Response and Clinical Recovery Timeline.
• American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS, United States): Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Diagnosis (Corn Cob Sign, Plication), Endoscopic Retrieval vs. Enterotomy, and Septic Peritonitis Prevention.
• United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine) and American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): Consumer Safety Alert: Why You Should Never Give Cooked Bones (Chicken, Turkey, Rib, or Pork Bones) to Your Dog.
• Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (JVECC, Obr et al. / Niedzwecki et al.): Safety and Efficacy of Veterinary Emesis (Apomorphine, Ropinirole) vs. 3% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Strict Contraindication of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cats and Sharp-Object Ingestions.
• Australian Veterinary Association (AVA) and Animal Poisons Centre (McKenzie et al., Australian Veterinary Journal, Australia): Characterization of Canine Macadamia Nut Toxicosis and Stone-Fruit / Avocado Foreign Body Obstructions.