Mobile Home and Manufactured Housing Park Eviction and Lot Rent Protections¶

Facing a massive lot rent spike, a pad eviction notice, a park closure or redevelopment notice, or a chattel loan repossession threat in a manufactured housing community (mobile home park) is a uniquely high-stakes housing emergency. Unlike standard apartment renters, most mobile home park residents own the physical house structure (Personal Property / Chattel) while renting the concrete pad and dirt underneath (Real Property Lot Lease) from the park owner. Because moving an older single-wide or double-wide manufactured home off a concrete pad typically costs $5,000 to $15,000+ (and many older homes built before 1976 or with weathered axles cannot legally be moved or accepted by another park), a pad eviction can force a family to abandon a $60,000 paid-off home to the park owner for pennies on the dollar. Protecting both your residency and the equity in your home structure requires separating specialized State Manufactured Home Residency Act statutes from ordinary apartment eviction laws, enforcing mandatory 60-day to 1-year termination and rent-increase notice windows, preserving your statutory Right to Sell In-Place even after an eviction judgment, and halting illegal self-help utility shutoffs or chattel repossessions.

Do this now¶

1. Protect your physical safety if park management or a repossession crew attempts a self-help utility shutoff or tow. Neither a mobile home park owner nor a chattel lender can legally cut your water, electricity, or septic line, block your driveway, or hook a tow rig to an occupied manufactured home without a final court order executed by a county sheriff or constable (see Illegal eviction and lockout). If someone attempts to disconnect your utilities or move your occupied home, stay inside, keep at least 3 meters (10 feet) away from any tow equipment, and call your local emergency numbers (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom, 000 in Australia).
2. Determine immediately whether you are a "Homeowner-Tenant" (own the home, rent the pad) or an "All-Inclusive Renter" (rent both home and pad). Check whether you hold a Certificate of Title (from the DMV or state housing department) or a chattel purchase contract for the home structure. In over 35 U.S. states, Canadian provinces, the UK, and Australia, residents who own their manufactured home and rent the lot are protected by a dedicated Manufactured Home / Mobilehome Residency Law that strictly overrides standard apartment eviction rules and bans "no-cause" lease non-renewals.
3. Never abandon your manufactured home if you receive an eviction notice; preserve your statutory "Right to Sell In-Place." The biggest financial mistake mobile home owners make is walking away from their home after receiving a pad eviction notice, allowing the park owner to declare the home "abandoned" and seize title for $0 at a warehouseman's lien sale. Even if you cannot pay the lot rent and must move out personally, most state Manufactured Home Acts give you (and your lender) a statutory window to sell your home on the pad (in-place) to an approved buyer so you walk away with your $40,000 to $100,000 in home equity.
4. Audit any Lot Rent Increase Notice for statutory advance-notice defects (30 to 90 days) and state rent-stabilization caps. A park owner cannot raise your lot rent by text message or on 10 days' notice. Almost every state requires 60 to 90 days' advance written notice (for example, 90 days in California, Florida, Washington, New York, and Colorado) before a lot rent increase can take effect, and several states and hundreds of municipalities cap annual mobile home lot rent increases by law.
5. Organize with fellow residents (Homeowners Association / HOA) to invoke Park-Sale Notice and Right of First Refusal (ROFR) laws. If a corporate private equity buyer is purchasing your park or the owner announces a park closure/change of land use, check your state's Opportunity to Purchase / Right of First Refusal statute and Mandatory Park Closure Relocation Assistance fund (which pays thousands of dollars per household for moving or home buyout costs).
6. If your default is on a Chattel Loan (Personal Property Home Loan) or "Rent-to-Own" Land Contract, demand loss mitigation and challenge disguised mortgages. If you are behind on the loan for the home structure itself, send a written FDCPA / RESPA request and check whether your park owner's "Rent-to-Own / Lease-with-Option" contract is actually an illegal disguised mortgage lacking TILA disclosures (see Foreclosure notice, mortgage forbearance, and loss mitigation).

flowchart TD
    A["Mobile Home / Manufactured Housing Crisis"] --> B{"What is your occupancy & ownership status?"}
    B -->|"Rent BOTH the Mobile Home and the Lot"| C["Protected by standard Landlord-Tenant Eviction & Habitability Laws; audit park 'Rent-to-Own' contract for disguised mortgage fraud"]
    B -->|"Own the Home Structure (Title/Chattel Loan) AND Rent the Lot Pad"| D{"What type of threat are you facing?"}
    D -->|"Lot Rent Spike or New 'Junk' Utility/Pass-Through Fees"| E["Audit statutory 60-to-90 day advance written notice rules, State/Local Lot Rent Stabilization Caps, and Illegal Submetering Markup Bans"]
    D -->|"Pad Eviction / Lease Non-Renewal Notice"| F["Invoke State Manufactured Home Residency Act 'Just Cause Only' Eviction Shield & Extended Cure Windows"]
    F --> G["If moving out is unavoidable, serve Notice of Intent to Sell Home In-Place to preserve 100% of your home equity"]
    D -->|"Park Closure / Redevelopment"| H["Demand mandatory 6-to-24 month statutory notice & claim State/Park Relocation Assistance Buyout Funds"]
    D -->|"Chattel Loan Default / Repossession Threat"| I["Prohibit Breach-of-the-Peace Self-Help Repo (UCC Sec. 9-609); demand Judicial Replevin Hearing or file Chapter 13 Stay"]

Phase 1: The dual legal identity of a Manufactured Home (Chattel vs. Real Property)¶

To defend your home in court, you must first identify how your manufactured home is legally classified, because that determines whether a dispute is governed by Real Property Mortgage Foreclosure Law, UCC Article 9 Personal Property Repossession Law, or State Manufactured Home Lot Tenancy Law:

Phase 2: Fighting predatory Lot Rent Spikes and illegal Utility Pass-Through Fees¶

When institutional investors acquire a manufactured home community, they know residents are "captive tenants" who cannot afford $12,000 to move their homes. Park owners often hike lot rent by 20% to 60% and invent new monthly fees for water, sewer, trash, tree trimming, and capital pass-throughs.

Your 5 statutory defenses against Lot Rent Spikes and Junk Fees¶

1. Enforce Mandatory Advance Written Notice Periods (60 to 90+ Days):
2. Check your state's Manufactured Home Act for the exact advance notice required before any lot rent increase is valid. If a park owner gives you 30 days' notice in a state that mandates 90 days' written notice (such as California Civil Code Section 798.30, Florida Statutes Section 723.037, New York Real Property Law Section 233(g)(3), Washington RCW 59.20.090 (3 months prior to lease expiration), or Colorado C.R.S. Section 38-12-204(2) (60 days, and limited to at most one rent increase in any 12-month period)), the rent increase notice is legally void. Send a written notice rejecting the defective increase and continue paying your current lawful base rent on time.
3. Invoke State and Municipal Mobile Home Lot Rent Stabilization (Rent Control):
4. Because manufactured homeowners are uniquely vulnerable to land monopolies, several states and over 100 cities/counties have enacted specific Mobile Home Park Rent Stabilization Laws even where regular apartments do not have rent control:
   • New York (Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act, RPL Section 233-b): Strictly caps annual mobile home park lot rent increases statewide at 3% per year, unless the park owner proves justifiable hardship to a court (and even then, never more than 6% per year).
   • Delaware (Title 25 Chapter 70, Lot Rental Assistance & Rent Justification Act): Caps annual lot rent increases at the 3-year average Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) unless the park owner proves specific capital/market criteria through mandatory arbitration.
   • Oregon (ORS 90.600) & California Local Ordinances (plus AB 2782): Oregon caps annual lot rent increases under its statewide formula (capped at 10% maximum or 7% + CPI), and over 90 California cities and counties (from San Jose and Los Angeles County to Oceanside and Santa Rosa) enforce strict Mobilehome Rent Review Ordinances limiting increases to 3% to 5% or CPI.
   • Colorado, Maine, Nevada, Vermont, and Rhode Island: Impose statutory bans on "unreasonable" or retaliatory lot rent increases and provide state administrative mediation or dispute boards.
5. Challenge Illegal "Unbundling" of Utilities (Water, Sewer, and Trash Double-Billing):
6. If your lot lease originally included water, sewer, and trash inside your base lot rent, and the new park owner suddenly installs water submeters and starts billing you $85/month extra for water and trash without reducing your base lot rent by the historic cost of those utilities, many state laws (for example, California Civil Code Section 798.41 and Colorado C.R.S. Section 38-12-212.4) prohibit this double-dipping and require a dollar-for-dollar reduction in base rent or strict Public Utilities Commission (PUC) tariff compliance.
7. No Profit Markup on Submetered Water or Electricity: Under utility tariffs in virtually every state, a park owner who submeters electricity, natural gas, or water is classified as a limited master-meter operator and is legally barred from marking up utility rates for profit or charging administrative billing fees that exceed the actual rate a residential customer would pay directly to the utility.
8. Stop Illegal "Park Rule" Fines and Selective Aesthetic Enforcement:
9. Park managers frequently walk through a park issuing $50 to $100 violation notices for "faded skirting," "rust on a shed," "older car in driveway," or "window AC unit," not because they care about aesthetics, but to manufacture a "Rule Violation Eviction" so they can seize your home.
10. Audit the Statutory Rule-Change Window: In most states (such as California Civil Code Section 798.25), a park owner cannot unilaterally change park rules and regulations without giving residents 6 months' advance written notice (or 60 days for recreational facilities) and holding a formal meeting with homeowners. In addition, park rules must be reasonable, applied uniformly (no selective enforcement against HOA leaders), and cannot require you to make structural alterations to a home that complied with HUD or state codes when it was installed.
11. Enforce Park Infrastructure Habitability (Sewage Backups, Low Water Pressure, and Pothole Roads):
12. Under state Manufactured Home Acts, the park owner has a non-waivable statutory duty to maintain all common areas, park roads, underground water mains, septic/sewer lines up to the pad connection point, and electrical pedestals in good working order (see Uninhabitable housing and essential services). In states like Colorado (C.R.S. Section 38-12-204(3)), a park owner is legally prohibited from increasing lot rent at all if the park has an unresolved health/safety citation or isn't registered in good standing with the state oversight division.

Phase 3: Defending a Mobile Home Pad Eviction & Preserving Your Right to Sell In-Place¶

If you are served with a Notice to Quit or an Eviction Summons (Unlawful Detainer / Summary Possession) for your mobile home pad, every day counts.

Step 1: Assert "Just Cause" and Extended Statutory Cure Windows¶

In states with Manufactured Home Residency Acts, check the notice against these strict statutory shields: - Extended Cure Windows for Non-Payment or Rule Violations: While an apartment tenant might only get 3 days to pay rent or cure a lease violation, mobile home pad owners are often granted 7 to 30 days to cure a rule violation and, in several states (such as California under Civil Code Section 798.56(e)), a homeowner who receives a 3-day notice to pay rent is given an additional mandatory 3-day grace period before the notice can even be served AND the right to cure defaults up to twice before a final bar attaches, plus 60 days' notice to terminate tenancy. In Colorado (C.R.S. Section 38-12-204.3), a mobile home owner must be given 30 days to cure nonpayment of rent and 90 days to cure a park rule violation (or sell the home). - Retaliatory Eviction Defense: If the park owner served you with a rule-violation or non-renewal notice within 6 to 12 months after you joined a resident Homeowners Association (HOA), complained to municipal code enforcement about raw sewage or bad water, or testified about lot rent hikes, assert the Statutory Presumption of Retaliatory Eviction in your court Answer.

Step 2: Exercise Your Statutory "Right to Sell the Home In-Place" (Save Your $50,000+ Equity)¶

Even in the worst-case scenario where you cannot afford the lot rent or a judge enters a pad eviction judgment against you, moving out of the home yourself does NOT mean the park owner gets to keep your house.

• How "Right to Sell In-Place" Works: Under state statutes (for example, Colorado C.R.S. Section 38-12-203(3), Oregon ORS 90.632, Washington RCW 59.20, New York RPL Section 233, and California Civil Code Sections 798.56a and 798.70 et seq.), a homeowner and any chattel lender holding a lien on the home have the statutory right to keep the manufactured home sitting on the lot and sell it in-place to a third-party buyer for a protected statutory window (often 60 to 90 days after notice or judgment, provided ongoing lot rent is addressed under the statute).
• Park Owners CANNOT Force Removal of Older Homes Just Because You Are Selling: Corrupt park managers often tell a homeowner who is trying to sell their 1985 mobile home that park rules require any home over 20 years old to be removed when sold, pressuring the owner to sell it to the park for $2,000 instead. In states like California (Civil Code Section 798.73), Florida, New York, Oregon, and Washington, it is illegal for a park owner to require a manufactured home to be removed from the park upon sale solely because of the age or size of the home, unless the home actively violates health, safety, and construction codes proven by a government inspection.
• Park Owners CANNOT Arbitrarily Reject Your Buyer: While a park owner usually has the right to screen a prospective buyer of your home for the lot lease, statutes strictly limit that screening to financial ability to pay the lot rent and prior tenancy history showing they will comply with park rules. If a park owner rejects a qualified buyer to force you to sell the home cheaply to the park itself, they are liable for tortious interference with contract and statutory damages.

Phase 4: Stopping a Chattel Loan Repossession or "Rent-to-Own" Forfeiture¶

Over 70 percent of new manufactured home purchases in parks are financed not with traditional 30-year real estate mortgages, but with high-interest Chattel Loans (personal property loans at 8% to 13% APR) or park-originated Rent-to-Own / Land Installment Contracts.

1. Your Shield Against Self-Help Chattel Repossession (UCC Section 9-609 "Breach of the Peace")¶

Because a chattel loan treats your house like a car under Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Article 9, a chattel lender theoretically has a security interest in personal property. However, under UCC Section 9-609(b)(2), a secured lender can NEVER repossess personal property without a court order if doing so causes a "Breach of the Peace." - Binding Legal Precedent: Courts across the United States uniformly hold that disconnecting utilities, entering a residential lot, breaking a lock, or attempting to tow away a person's occupied residential dwelling over the resident's objection is an automatic, severe Breach of the Peace. - Therefore, a chattel lender can NEVER legally tow away your occupied mobile home in the middle of the night like a car. To take possession of an occupied manufactured home, the chattel lender MUST file a formal Judicial Replevin / Claim and Delivery / Judicial Foreclosure Lawsuit in court, serve you with a summons, and give you a full court hearing before a judge.

2. Challenging Predatory Park "Rent-to-Own" / Lease-Option Forfeitures¶

If the park owner sold you a dilapidated mobile home "as-is" under a "Lease with Option to Purchase" or "Contract for Deed" where you paid $5,000 down, spent $10,000 fixing the floors and roof, and now face eviction where the park claims you "forfeited" all your equity: - Truth in Lending Act (TILA) & SAFE Act Violations: Under the federal Dodd-Frank Act and TILA Regulation Z, a park owner who regularly originates rent-to-own or seller-financed chattel contracts without a licensed Mortgage Loan Originator (MLO) and without conducting a verified Ability-to-Repay (ATR) evaluation has violated federal lending law. - Equitable Mortgage Conversion: In states such as New York, Texas, Illinois, California, and Pennsylvania, legal aid attorneys routinely defeat rent-to-own evictions by forcing the court to reclassify the agreement as an Equitable Mortgage or Retail Installment Contract, which bars summary landlord-tenant eviction and entitles you to equity protection and refund of illegal payments.

Phase 5: Verbatim templates to contest Lot Rent Increases and preserve In-Place Sale Rights¶

Template 1: Notice of Defective / Unlawful Lot Rent Increase or Utility Pass-Through¶

[Date]

VIA CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Tracking Number: [Insert Tracking Number]

To: [Name of Mobile Home Park Owner & Property Management Company]
[Street Address]

Re: OBJECTION TO DEFECTIVE / UNLAWFUL LOT RENT INCREASE OR UTILITY FEE NOTICE
Homeowner / Resident Name(s): [Your Full Name(s)]
Park Name & Space/Lot Number: [Park Name, Lot #]

To Whom It May Concern:

I am in receipt of your notice dated [Date] purporting to increase the monthly lot rent [and/or impose a new separate utility/pass-through fee] for Space #[Number] effective [Effective Date].

Please take formal notice that this rent increase / fee notice is legally invalid and unenforceable under the State Manufactured Home / Mobilehome Residency Act [and/or Local Rent Stabilization Ordinance] for the following reason(s):

1. INSUFFICIENT STATUTORY ADVANCE WRITTEN NOTICE: Under state statute, any increase in lot rent requires at least [60 / 90] days' advance written notice served in the manner required by law [and is limited to at most one increase per 12-month period / end of lease term]. Your notice provides only [Number] days' notice and is therefore void as a matter of law.
2. VIOLATION OF LOT RENT STABILIZATION / UTILITY UNBUNDLING RULES: [If applicable: The proposed increase exceeds the statutory maximum percentage cap under state/municipal mobile home rent stabilization law, AND/OR improperly bills separately for water/sewer/trash utilities previously included in base rent without a corresponding dollar-for-dollar reduction in base rent].
3. UNRESOLVED PARK INFRASTRUCTURE / HABITABILITY VIOLATIONS: [If applicable: The park currently has unresolved common-area infrastructure defects, including sewage/water/electrical/road hazards reported on (Date), barring rent increases under state law].

Enclosed is my timely payment of $[Current Lawful Base Rent Amount] for the month of [Month], representing 100% of the lawful current lot rent for Space #[Number]. Please withdraw and correct your notice in compliance with statutory law.

Sincerely,
[Your Signature, Printed Name, and Space/Lot Number]

Template 2: Statutory Notice of Intent to Sell Manufactured Home In-Place (Preserving Home Equity)¶

[Date]

VIA CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Tracking Number: [Insert Tracking Number]

To: [Name of Mobile Home Park Owner / Management Company]
[Street Address]

Re: STATUTORY NOTICE OF INTENT TO SELL MANUFACTURED HOME IN-PLACE ON LOT #[Number]
Homeowner Name(s): [Your Full Name(s)]
Home HUD Label / Serial / Decal Number: [Insert Number]

To Whom It May Concern:

Pursuant to the State Manufactured Home / Mobilehome Residency Act, please take formal notice that I am the legal title owner of the manufactured home located on Space/Lot #[Number] and hereby exercise my statutory right to market and sell my manufactured home IN-PLACE on the lot to a third-party purchaser.

1. NO ABANDONMENT OF HOME: I have NOT abandoned my manufactured home. You are strictly prohibited from entering the home, changing locks, removing skirting, or initiating any warehouseman's lien or abandoned-property sale.
2. STATUTORY RIGHT TO SELL IN-PLACE: Under state law, the park may not require the removal of a manufactured home upon sale based on the age or size of the home, and may not unreasonably withhold approval of a qualified purchaser who meets standard financial ability and park-rule tenancy criteria.
3. REQUEST FOR BUYER APPLICATION PACKET: Please provide within five (5) business days a copy of the park's current prospective-resident application form, current written park rules and regulations, and standard lot lease agreement so that I may provide them to prospective buyers and my real estate broker.

Sincerely,
[Your Signature, Printed Name, Mailing Address, and Phone Number]

Phase 6: International park home and land-lease community protections¶

• United Kingdom (Mobile Homes Act 1983 & Pitch Fee Review Protections):
• In England, Wales, and Scotland, residential mobile homes on protected sites are called Park Homes and are governed by the Mobile Homes Act 1983 (as amended by the Mobile Homes Act 2013 and the Mobile Homes (Pitch Fees) Act 2023).
• Pitch Fee Increases Capped by CPI: Under the Mobile Homes (Pitch Fees) Act 2023, a site owner can only review the Pitch Fee (lot rent) once a year with at least 28 days' written notice on a statutory Pitch Fee Review Form, and any increase is presumptively capped at the Consumer Prices Index (CPI). If you disagree with the increase, you can keep paying your current pitch fee without being in arrears, and the site owner must apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) (or Housing and Property Chamber in Scotland).
• Right to Sell In-Place: Under the Mobile Homes Act 2013, site owners are banned from interviewing or blocking your buyer when you sell your park home (leaving only a statutory cap of up to 10% commission).
• Canada (Provincial Residential Tenancies & Manufactured Home Park Tenancy Acts):
• British Columbia (Manufactured Home Park Tenancy Act, SBC 2002, c. 77): Annual pad rent increases are capped at the provincial Annual Allowable Rent Increase percentage. If a park is closing or converting land use, the landlord must give at least 12 months' written notice AND pay the homeowner $20,000 in mandatory statutory compensation (plus additional compensation up to the assessed value of the home if it cannot be moved under Section 51.1).
• Ontario (Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, Part X): Mobile home pad tenants are covered by Ontario's annual provincial rent increase guideline cap. If a landlord terminates a pad tenancy for demolition, conversion, or repairs, the landlord must give at least 1 year's written notice and pay mandatory compensation equal to 1 year's rent or $3,000 (whichever is less) under Section 162, and the homeowner has the statutory right to sell the mobile home in-place and assign the pad lease (Section 156).
• Australia (Residential Land Lease Communities / Manufactured Homes Acts):
• Governed by the Residential (Land Lease) Communities Act 2013 (NSW), the Manufactured Homes (Residential Parks) Act 2003 (QLD) (capping annual site rent increases at CPI or 3.5%, whichever is higher), and Part 4A of the Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (VIC). Homeowners have a statutory right to sell their manufactured home on-site, challenge excessive site-fee increases in the state Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NCAT, QCAT, or VCAT), and claim relocation compensation if a park closes.

Frequently asked questions¶

Can the mobile home park owner refuse to let me sell my home to a buyer unless I sell it to the park first?¶

In almost all states, no, unless the park's recorded master lease or a prior voluntary agreement contains a valid, narrow Right of First Refusal (ROFR) that matches the exact price and terms of your third-party buyer's offer dollar-for-dollar. A park owner can never legally block you from selling your home on the open market just to force you to sell it to the park for a lowball price. If the park claims a Right of First Refusal, demand to see the signed contract clause; even where valid, the park must pay you the exact same cash price your buyer offered within the statutory window.

What if my mobile home is too old to move (e.g., a 1974 or 1982 home) and the park owner is closing the park to build condos or a warehouse?¶

Many states and municipalities have enacted Mobile Home Park Closure and Change-of-Use Relocation Statutes specifically for unmovable homes. In California (Government Code Section 65863.7 and Civil Code Section 798.56(g)), if a park closes or converts to another land use and a resident's mobile home cannot be relocated to another park within a reasonable distance, the park owner can be required to pay the homeowner the full in-place fair market value of the mobile home (based on a certified appraisal of what the home is worth sitting on the pad, not its scrap value) plus moving expenses. Similar park-closure buyout or relocation funds exist in Washington, Oregon, Florida, Minnesota, Colorado, Delaware, and British Columbia.

Can the park owner evict me or tow my home because my exterior skirting, steps, or paint need repair?¶

No park owner can tow or evict a manufactured home without a formal court judgment. Under state Manufactured Home Acts, before a park can file an eviction case over exterior maintenance, they must serve a written Notice to Cure itemizing the exact rule violation and giving you a statutory cure period (often 30 to 90 days). If you are a senior citizen or a person with a disability who physically or financially cannot paint the home or repair steps within 30 days, send a written request for a Reasonable Accommodation (60-to-90-day extension of time) under the federal Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. Section 3604) while you connect with Habitat for Humanity Critical Home Repair or municipal CDBG senior home-repair grant programs.

Can I file Chapter 13 Bankruptcy to save both my Mobile Home Chattel Loan and my Park Lot Lease at the same time?¶

Yes. Under 11 U.S.C. Sections 1322(b)(2) and 506(a), a regular mortgage on a site-built house cannot be crammed down if you own the land. However, if your manufactured home sits on a leased park pad and is titled as personal property (chattel) (and was purchased more than 1 year ago), Bankruptcy Court allows you to cram down the principal balance of your chattel loan to the current replacement value of the mobile home AND reduce the interest rate to Prime + 1% to 3%, while simultaneously curing your past-due park lot rent arrears over 36 to 60 months.

Sources checked¶

• Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) (United States): Manufactured Housing Finance: New Insights from HMDA Data and CFPB Spotlight on Manufactured Housing Tenants and Land-Lease Communities (documenting lot rent spikes, chattel loan interest rates, and rent-to-own traps).
• Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), Fannie Mae, & Freddie Mac (United States): Duty to Serve (DTS) Manufactured Housing Tenant Site Lease Protections (mandatory pad lease protections required for parks financed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, including 30-day notice of rent increases, right to sell in-place, and 5-day grace periods).
• State Manufactured Home Tenancy Statutes (United States): California Mobilehome Residency Law (Civil Code Sections 798 to 799.11); Florida Mobile Home Act (Florida Statutes Chapter 723); New York Real Property Law Sections 233 and 233-b (3% to 6% rent cap); Colorado Mobile Home Park Act (C.R.S. Section 38-12-201 et seq.); Washington Manufactured/Mobile Home Landlord-Tenant Act (RCW 59.20); and Oregon ORS Chapter 90.
• Uniform Law Commission & U.S. Bankruptcy Code (United States): Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Section 9-609 (prohibition on Breach of the Peace in chattel repossessions) and 11 U.S.C. Sections 362, 506, and 1322(b)(2) (Chapter 13 chattel loan cramdown).
• International Statutory Authorities: UK Mobile Homes Act 1983, Mobile Homes Act 2013, & Mobile Homes (Pitch Fees) Act 2023; BC Manufactured Home Park Tenancy Act (SBC 2002) & Ontario Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 (Part X); and NSW Residential (Land Lease) Communities Act 2013 & QLD Manufactured Homes (Residential Parks) Act 2003.

Related guides¶

• Illegal eviction and lockout
• Uninhabitable housing and essential services
• Foreclosure notice, mortgage forbearance, and loss mitigation
• Eviction notice
• Small business or personal bankruptcy: Chapter 7 vs. 13 triage
• Emergency numbers by country