Revolving Door and Automatic Sliding Glass Door Sensor Failure: Child Hand Draw-In and Elderly Hip Fracture Knockdown¶

Across hotel lobbies, hospitals, airports, supermarkets, and office towers worldwide, millions of pedestrians pass daily through 3-wing and 4-wing manual or power-assisted revolving doors (governed by ANSI/BHMA A156.27 and EN 16005) and automatic bi-parting or single-slide glass doors (governed by ANSI/BHMA A156.10). Despite their everyday familiarity, heavy commercial entrance doors store immense rotational and linear kinetic energy. A large-diameter (3.6 to 4.8 m / 12 to 16 ft) 4-wing revolving door weighs 400 to 900 kilograms (880 to 2,000 pounds). When an overhead hydraulic/centrifugal speed-control governor fails, when a gust of wind or an impatient commuter shoves a wing hard, or when the leading-edge compressible rubber safety bumper (or overhead infrared curtain sensor) malfunctions, the rotating glass wings sweep past the fixed outer curved drum wall edge ("the shear post") like a massive multi-blade food processor.

Two vulnerable groups suffer the overwhelming majority of severe and fatal entrance-door injuries: toddlers and young children aged 1 to 6 years and older adults using walkers, canes, or wheelchairs. Because a toddler stands only 75 to 110 centimeters (30 to 43 inches) tall, they frequently walk directly Inside the bottom blind spot of overhead microwave/active-infrared sensors, or place their palms flat against the moving glass panel of a sliding or revolving door. As the glass panel slides into its side pocket (the "pocket draw-in zone") or sweeps past the curved revolving-door drum wall weatherstripping, the rubber brush seals grip the child's high-friction skin or winter mitten and draw their fingers, wrist, or forearm deep into a 6-to-12-millimeter (¼-to-½-inch) structural steel-and-glass gap. Simultaneously, for older adults walking slowly with a four-wheeled rollator or cane, an improperly calibrated automatic door whose presence-detection hold-open timer expires while they stand on the threshold slams a 100-kilogram (220-pound) glass leaf sideways into their trochanter, causing a life-threatening femoral neck or intertrochanteric hip fracture. Knowing how to trigger the Bookfold / Breakout Emergency Collapse Mechanism on any revolving door or sliding glass door in under 3 seconds, how to extract a child's hand drawn into a drum wall or door pocket without tearing tendons, and how to manage an elderly hip fracture on a cold vestibule floor saves lives and limbs. See emergency numbers, revolving door, automatic gate, and industrial roller shutter entrapment, broken bones, and older adults emergency planning.

Do this now¶

1. STOP THE DOOR IMMEDIATELY: Hit the red mushroom Emergency Stop (E-STOP) button on the entrance column OR brace your shoulder and foot against the revolving wing to arrest its rotation. Never allow other pedestrians in the other three compartments of a revolving door to keep pushing forward when a child's hand, heel, or stroller is caught; shout "STOP PUSHING, STEP BACK" loudly because people on the opposite side of the glass hub cannot hear a child crying inside the drum.
2. ACTIVATE THE "BOOKFOLD / BREAKOUT" EMERGENCY COLLAPSE MECHANISM to release anyone pinned in a revolving door or automatic sliding door:
3. In a Revolving Door: Every building-code-compliant manual or automatic revolving door has spring-loaded magnetic or mechanical detent latches holding its 3 or 4 wings at 90-degree or 120-degree angles. Push hard (130 to 220 Newtons / 30 to 50 pounds of force) near the outer edge of the trapping glass wing IN THE DIRECTION OPPOSITE TO NORMAL ROTATION (or push two adjacent wings together like closing the pages of a book). The wing will pop out of its center hub detent with a loud click and fold flat against the adjacent wing, instantly opening a wide gap and releasing all crushing pressure at the drum wall.
4. In an Automatic Sliding Glass Door: If a child's arm is drawn into the side pocket or a person is pinned, push the outer face of the sliding glass door panel firmly OUTWARD (toward the exterior egress direction) at the leading edge. All ANSI/BHMA A156.10 sliding doors are mounted on swing-out breakout pivots that pop open like a normal hinged door when pushed outward in an emergency.
5. If a child's fingers or hand are wedged between a revolving door wing's rubber weatherstripping and the curved drum wall (and the wing cannot fold backward because the child's arm is behind the hinge axis): DO NOT yank the child's arm straight out. Yanking a trapped hand out of a pinched rubber-and-metal gap strips skin and avulses flexor tendons (degloving). Instead, pop the wing out of its center detent (or unbolt/pry the aluminum weatherstripping carrier strip) so the wing itself pivots away from the curved wall, or pour liquid hand soap, dish soap, or water over the rubber weatherstripping to lubricate the seal while moving the wing 2 centimeters in the reverse direction of draw-in.
6. If an older adult has been knocked down by a closing automatic door or revolving door wing, BLOCK THE DOOR OPEN IMMEDIATELY (flip the overhead header switch to OFF / HOLD OPEN or pop the breakout panel outward) before kneeling beside them. If you kneel inside an active automatic doorway to help a fallen senior without disabling the door or standing in the vertical threshold curtain sensor, the door timer will reset and slam shut into your back and the patient's head every 10 seconds.
7. Check the fallen older adult for a HIP FRACTURE (shortened, externally rotated leg and groin/hip pain) and HEAD INJURY (especially if taking blood thinners such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, or warfarin): DO NOT pull them up to their feet or into a chair. Lifting a patient with a displaced femoral neck or intertrochanteric hip fracture drives jagged bone ends into the femoral vessels, causes excruciating neurogenic shock, and converts a non-displaced crack into a complete displaced fracture; see broken bones and head injuries.
8. Call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom) immediately. Keep the patient lying flat on the lobby floor, slide folded coats or blankets underneath their hips/back to insulate them from cold marble or concrete vestibule tile, stabilize their head and neck, and pad the injured leg in the position found; check emergency numbers.

Decision tree: revolving door and automatic sliding door entrapment and knockdown rescue¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Revolving Door or Automatic Sliding Door Entrapment / Knockdown"] --> Scenario{"What type of door emergency is occurring?"}
    Scenario -->|"Person, Stroller, or Limb Pinned Inside a Revolving Door"| RevDoor["1. Shout 'STOP PUSHING' to occupants in other compartments & hit red E-Stop button; 2. Activate BOOKFOLD BREAKOUT: push outer edge of trapping glass wing firmly (~150 to 220 N) to fold it flat against adjacent wing; 3. Extract victim without yanking trapped limb"]
    Scenario -->|"Child's Hand Drawn Into Sliding Glass Door Side Pocket or Hinge"| SlidePocket["1. Flip overhead door header switch to OFF (or hit E-Stop); 2. Activate SWING-OUT BREAKOUT: push sliding glass door panel firmly OUTWARD (toward outdoor exit) so panel swings open on emergency hinges; 3. Gently slide child's hand out of pocket gap"]
    Scenario -->|"Older Adult Knocked Down in Doorway by Closing Wing or Leaf"| ElderlyFall["1. Lock door open immediately (flip switch OFF or swing breakout panel open) so door cannot strike victim again; 2. Do NOT lift senior to their feet; 3. Check for shortened/externally rotated leg (Hip Fracture) & head strike on blood thinners; 4. Call 911 / 112 / 999 and insulate under body with coats"]
    RevDoor --> InjuryTriage{"What injuries did the trapped person sustain?"}
    SlidePocket --> InjuryTriage
    ElderlyFall --> InjuryTriage
    InjuryTriage -->|"Crushed Hand, Degloving, Open Fracture, Hip Fracture, or Head Trauma"| EMSProtocol["1. Control bleeding with sterile gauze; 2. Splint hand/ankle in position found; 3. Keep hip fracture patient flat & warm until ambulance stretcher arrives"]
    InjuryTriage -->|"Minor Bruising Only"| CheckNeuro["Verify full finger capillary refill (< 2 sec), sensation, and tendon motion; report defective door sensor to building management"]

How revolving doors and automatic sliding doors fail and trap pedestrians¶

1. The 4 mechanical hazard zones of a revolving door (ANSI/BHMA A156.27 / EN 16005)¶

A standard 4-wing revolving door consists of a central rotating shaft carrying four radiating glass panels (wings) fitted with thick horsehair or neoprene weatherstripping sweeps along their top, bottom, and outer vertical edges, rotating inside two curved cylindrical enclosure walls (the drum):

1. Hazard Zone 1: The Entrance/Exit "Shear Post" (Leading Drum Wall Edge):
2. As each rotating glass wing exits the open lobby doorway and enters the curved enclosed drum wall, the gap between the moving wing edge and the fixed vertical metal drum post narrows from wide open down to zero millimeters in less than 0.5 seconds.
3. On automatic revolving doors, this vertical post is protected by a compressible vertical elastomeric pressure switch (safety edge bumper) and an overhead active-infrared presence sensor. If that rubber switch becomes stiff in freezing winter weather or its wire breaks, the motor-driven wing continues rotating with hundreds of Newtons of torque, crushing a trailing child's head, arm, or an elderly pedestrian's shoulder against the fixed drum post.
4. Hazard Zone 2: Curved Drum Wall Weatherstripping "Hand and Heel Draw-In":
5. Inside the curved drum compartment, the outer edge of each glass wing maintains a structural clearance of 12 to 25 millimeters (½ to 1 inch) from the curved glass drum wall, bridged by stiff black rubber or horsehair weatherstripping.
6. Toddlers riding inside the compartment love to place their hands on the fixed curved glass drum wall and watch the wing sweep toward them (or drag their rubber-soled sneakers behind their heels). When the moving wing's rubber sweep hits the child's fingers or heel, the flexible rubber bends backward and draws the child's small fingers or Achilles tendon straight into the 15-millimeter steel pinch gap between the rigid aluminum wing frame and the drum wall (or under the bottom rail).
7. Hazard Zone 3: Overhead Speed-Control (Governor) Failure & Wind Runaway:
8. Under ANSI/BHMA A156.27, the maximum perimeter rotational speed of a manual or automatic revolving door is strictly limited to 12 to 15 RPM (roughly 1.0 meter per second / 200 feet per minute walking speed) by an overhead mechanical/hydraulic braking governor.
9. If the overhead hydraulic governor leaks fluid or its pinion gear shears off, a strong push from a hurrying commuter or a stack-effect building pressure differential causes the 500-kilogram door to spin at 25 to 40+ RPM, striking entering pedestrians in the back of the legs and skull like a revolving battering ram.

2. Why automatic sliding glass doors fail to detect toddlers and seniors (ANSI/BHMA A156.10)¶

Modern automatic sliding glass doors (such as supermarket and hospital vestibule doors) use overhead combination sensors that combine K-band microwave Doppler radar (to detect approaching motion) with active focusable infrared (AIR) light curtains (to detect a stationary person standing in the threshold):

1. The "Pocket Draw-In" Blind Spot for Toddlers:
2. When a bi-parting sliding glass door opens, the two moving glass panels slide sideways directly in front of two fixed glass sidelights (or inside a recessed wall pocket).
3. A toddler standing next to the fixed sidelight places their flat palm against the moving glass panel. Because the child is standing to the side of the main doorway opening, they are completely outside the overhead threshold sensor curtain. As the door slides open at 0.5 meters per second, it pulls the child's hand sideways directly into the 8-millimeter (5/16-inch) gap between the moving door panel and the vertical metal mullion of the fixed sidelight.
4. While modern EN 16005 and ANSI A156.10 standards require finger-guard rubber strips and side-screen presence sensors (safety beams) over the pocket opening path, millions of older retail and apartment doors lack pocket sensors entirely.
5. The Stationary Walker / Slow Senior "Time-Out" Knockdown:
6. Doppler microwave sensors only see movement (\(\ge 5\text{ to }10\text{ cm/s}\)). If an older adult using a walker stops dead on the threshold to get their bearings or advances at a tiny shuffle step (< 3 cm/s), the microwave radar goes blind to them.
7. If the secondary infrared threshold presence beam is aimed 10 centimeters too far forward/backward, or if background sunlight/wet floor reflection causes the infrared microprocessor to re-calibrate ("learn out" the stationary object after 15 to 30 seconds), the door controller assumes the doorway is empty and drives the heavy glass panel shut straight into the senior's hip.

   HOW TO TRIGGER EMERGENCY "BOOKFOLD" & "SWING-OUT BREAKOUT"

   [1] 4-WING REVOLVING DOOR "BOOKFOLD"    [2] SLIDING GLASS DOOR "BREAKOUT"
   ====================================    =================================
             ( Normal Rotation )             [Fixed Sidelight] [Sliding Door]
                   \   /                      +---------------+-------------+
                 \  \ /  /                    |               |   (Child    |
                  \  O  /  <-- Center Hub     |               |<-- Hand in  |
                 /  / \  \     Detent Latch   |               |    Pocket)  |
                   /   \                      +---------------+-------------+
                    ||                                               ||
      TO RELEASE: Push two adjacent wings     TO RELEASE: Push face of sliding
      TOGETHER like closing a book (~180 N).  door panel OUTWARD toward street.
      Wings pop out of center detent and      Entire sliding panel swings open
      fold flat:    \||/  (Opens wide gap)    on side pivots like a hinged door.

Step-by-step extrication: how to use the Bookfold and Breakout mechanisms¶

Nearly 95 percent of the general public, and many retail store employees, do not realize that every commercial revolving door and automatic sliding glass door is engineered by law to break away and fold flat when pushed hard by hand during an emergency.

1. Releasing a Revolving Door ("Bookfolding" the Wings)¶

Because building fire codes (NFPA 101 Life Safety Code / IBC Section 1010) prohibit a revolving door from trapping a crowd during a fire, the 3 or 4 glass wings of a revolving door are NOT welded rigidly to the central shaft:

• How the Detent Mechanism Works: Each wing is attached to a top and bottom pivot hanger on the central hub and held at its normal 90-degree (or 120-degree) spacing by a spring-loaded ball/plunger detent, shear pin, or electromagnetic lock calibrated to release when 130 to 260 Newtons (30 to 60 pounds-force) of pressure is applied to the outer vertical stile of the wing while the adjacent wing is held stationary.
• Exact Step-by-Step Bookfold Release:
• If it is a powered revolving door, press the red mushroom E-Stop button on the entrance post first (on electromagnetic models, pressing the E-Stop or pulling the nearby fire alarm automatically de-energizes the hub magnets so the wings fold effortlessly).
• Stand inside the compartment with the trapped victim (or have a second person hold the adjacent wing steady).
• Place both hands on the outer vertical metal frame edge of the glass wing that is pinching the child or pedestrian (about 10 centimeters / 4 inches inward from the outer edge for maximum mechanical advantage).
• Shove the wing firmly away from the victim (folding it toward the neighboring wing like turning the page of a giant book). With a loud metallic clack, the spring plunger releases from its notch in the hub disc, and the wing swings freely on its hinge, instantly dropping clamping pressure to zero.

2. Releasing an Automatic Sliding Glass Door ("Swing-Out Breakout")¶

When a toddler's fingers or forearm are drawn sideways into the narrow slot between an opening sliding glass door and the fixed exterior glass sidelight (or wall pocket):

• Do NOT try to pull the heavy sliding door sideways back along its track against the electric belt drive. Even if unplugged, the toothed rubber drive belt and gearbox offer high resistance, and sliding the door back across a wedged hand grinds the skin and knuckles a second time.
• Exact Step-by-Step Swing-Out Release:
• Look at the vertical edge of the moving sliding glass panel. Under ANSI/BHMA A156.10, the sliding door hangs from an overhead carriage via a vertical breakout pivot pin and is held in its sliding track by a bottom guide roller and a spring catch.
• Stand on the inside (building interior side) of the sliding glass door panel, place both hands near the center/leading vertical edge of the sliding door frame, and push straight OUTWARD toward the street/exterior with roughly 150 to 220 Newtons (35 to 50 pounds) of force.
• The bottom of the sliding door pops out of its floor guide track (automatically tripping a hidden cutoff microswitch that kills power to the overhead motor), and the entire sliding glass door swings outward 90 degrees like a normal hinged door, pulling the glass panel perpendicular and away from the fixed sidelight pocket so the child's hand lifts straight out without friction.

First aid for child hand draw-in injuries and elderly hip fracture knockdowns¶

1. Pediatric hand crush, friction burns, and flexor tendon triage¶

When a child's hand or foot is drawn into a door pocket or beneath a revolving door sweep:

1. Control bleeding and check for "Degloving" (Skin Avulsion):
2. High-friction rubber door sweeps often peel a flap of skin backward off the back of a child's hand or fingers. Never trim or pull off attached skin flaps. Lay the skin flap gently back over the raw tissue, cover lightly with a sterile non-adherent moist dressing (or clean cloth dampened with sterile saline), and wrap loosely without tight pressure.
3. Assess Capillary Refill, Sensation, and Finger Motion:
4. Gently press the tip of each fingernail until it blanches white and release: pink color should return in less than 2 seconds (normal capillary refill). If a finger remains pale, white, or dusky blue, an arterial digital vessel may be kinked or thrombosed by a displaced phalangeal fracture.
5. Elevate the hand on a pillow above heart level, remove any rings or bracelets immediately before swelling starts, and transport to an emergency department for hand X-rays; see broken bones.

2. Triage for an older adult knocked down by an automatic door (Hip Fracture & Anticoagulant Head Injury)¶

Automatic entrance doors are one of the leading causes of public-space hip fractures (proximal femur fractures) and subdural hematomas in adults over age 65:

1. Recognizing a Displaced Hip Fracture on the Scene:
2. Look at the patient's two legs while they lie on their back on the vestibule floor: in a classic femoral neck or intertrochanteric hip fracture, the injured leg looks noticeably shorter by 2 to 5 centimeters (1 to 2 inches) than the uninjured leg, and the foot and knee on the injured side flop outward toward the floor (external rotation).
3. The patient will report severe pain in the groin, outer hip, or referred down to the knee, and cannot lift their heel off the floor (inability to perform a straight-leg raise).
4. Why You Must NEVER Help a Hip-Fracture Patient Stand Up or Sit in a Chair:
5. Well-meaning bystanders and store managers almost always try to grab the fallen senior under both armpits to haul them up into a shopping cart or chair. Do NOT do this.
6. About 15 to 20 percent of hip fractures are initially non-displaced (impacted) when the patient lands on the floor. Forcing the patient to stand or flexing their hip 90 degrees into a chair shears the impacted fracture apart, lacerates branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery (causing avascular necrosis of the femoral head or up to 1.0 liter of internal thigh bleeding), and triggers profound vasovagal/pain shock.
7. Correct Care on the Floor: Leave the patient flat on the floor where they fell (after locking the automatic door OFF). Place rolled-up jackets, blankets, or store cushions along the outside of the externally rotated leg and under the knee to support it in the exact angle found, and slide blankets underneath their pelvis and torso to prevent conductive hypothermia on cold marble/tile vestibule floors; see hypothermia and frostbite.
8. Mandatory Blood-Thinner (Anticoagulant) Head-Strike Inquiry:
9. Ask the patient or family member immediately: "Did your head hit the glass or the floor, and do you take any blood thinners (such as Eliquis/apixaban, Xarelto/rivaroxaban, Pradaxa, warfarin, or Plavix/clopidogrel)?"
10. Older adults on anticoagulants who tap their head against a door frame or tile floor frequently develop a slow, fatal acute or subacute subdural hematoma even with zero loss of consciousness and no visible bump. Every older adult on blood thinners who falls in a doorway requires an emergency department non-contrast head CT scan; see head injuries.

Regional emergency numbers and automatic door safety standards¶

If a person is trapped in a revolving or sliding door or an older adult is knocked down on the threshold, call your local emergency number immediately. See emergency numbers.

Frequently asked questions¶

How do you collapse the wings of a revolving door if someone is trapped inside?¶

Every building-code-compliant 3-wing or 4-wing revolving door is equipped with a "Bookfold" emergency breakout mechanism so the wings can fold flat like the pages of a book during a fire or entrapment. First, hit the red Emergency Stop button on the entrance frame (which releases electromagnetic locks on powered doors). Next, place both hands near the outer vertical edge of the glass wing that is pinning the victim and push firmly (using about 150 to 220 Newtons, or 35 to 50 pounds of force) toward the adjacent wing while a second person holds that adjacent wing steady. The wing will pop out of its spring-loaded center hub detent and swing freely away from the victim.

How do I free a child's hand caught in the side pocket of an automatic sliding glass door?¶

Never try to slide the heavy glass door backward along its track, which grinds the child's hand a second time against the metal mullion. Instead, use the emergency "Swing-Out Breakout" feature built into all ANSI/BHMA A156.10 and EN 16005 automatic sliding doors: stand on the inside of the sliding door panel, place your hands on the vertical frame near the leading edge, and push firmly straight outward toward the street or exterior exit. The bottom of the sliding glass door will pop out of its floor track, automatically cut motor power, and swing outward 90 degrees like a normal hinged door, opening a wide gap so the child's hand lifts right out.

Why do automatic sliding doors sometimes close right onto a toddler or an elderly person using a walker?¶

Automatic doors rely on two overhead sensor systems: a microwave Doppler radar (which only detects moving objects walking faster than 5 to 10 centimeters per second) and an active-infrared light curtain in the threshold. If an older adult stops on the threshold to rest on their walker or shuffles very slowly, the microwave radar stops seeing them; if the infrared presence timer expires or is slightly misaimed, the door slams shut. Meanwhile, toddlers standing off to the side next to the fixed glass sidelight are outside the main doorway sensor beam when they put their hands on the moving glass panel, allowing the opening door to pull their fingers into the side pocket.

Why must you never lift an older adult up into a chair after they are knocked down by an automatic door?¶

When a heavy automatic door knocks an older adult sideways onto a hard vestibule floor, the most common severe injury is a hip fracture (a break in the upper femur near the hip socket). Classic signs include groin or hip pain, inability to lift the leg, and a leg that looks shorter and turned outward compared to the other leg. Trying to lift the patient under their arms or bend their hips to sit in a chair drives jagged bone ends into deep blood vessels, causes severe shock, and turns an impacted hairline crack into a displaced fracture. Lock the door open, insulate underneath them with coats on the floor, and wait for paramedics with a scoop stretcher.

Why should strollers, shopping carts, and dogs on leashes never go through a standard revolving door?¶

Standard 3-wing and 4-wing revolving doors have small pie-shaped compartments less than 1.2 meters (4 feet) long and rotate past a sharp vertical outer drum edge ("the shear post"). When a parent pushes a baby stroller ahead of them or walks with a toddler or dog on a leash trailing behind them, the parent's body blocks their view of the rear wing or front shear post, and the door's safety sensors often fail to detect thin stroller wheels or a low leash. If the stroller binds or the dog hesitates outside the drum, the heavy rotating wing guillotines the stroller frame or strangles the pet across the threshold. Always use the hinged pass-door next to the revolving door.

Why does an older adult who bumps their head in a doorway fall need an ER visit even if they feel fine afterward?¶

Millions of older adults take prescription blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelets such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, warfarin, or clopidogrel) for atrial fibrillation, stents, or past blood clots. As the brain naturally shrinks slightly with age, the bridging veins between the brain and skull become stretched and fragile. In a person taking blood thinners, even a mild head tap against a glass door or tile floor with zero loss of consciousness can tear a bridging vein and cause slow, fatal intracranial bleeding (a subdural hematoma) over the next 2 to 48 hours. Clinical guidelines mandate an emergency department head CT scan after any head strike on anticoagulants.

This guide provides emergency door breakout release, child hand extrication, and elderly fall/hip-fracture triage guidance and does not replace professional emergency medical care. Consider taking a hands-on First Aid course from the Red Cross or St John Ambulance.

Related guides¶

• Revolving door, automatic gate, and industrial roller shutter entrapment
• Escalator and elevator stroller, wheelchair, or luggage cart tip-over
• Broken bones
• Head injuries
• Older adults emergency planning

Sources and official guidance¶

• Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association (BHMA) & American National Standards Institute (ANSI): ANSI/BHMA A156.10 (Standard for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors) & ANSI/BHMA A156.27 (Power and Manual Operated Revolving Pedestrian Doors: Bookfold Breakout & RPM Limits)
• European Committee for Standardization (CEN) & British Standards Institution (BSI): BS EN 16005: Power Operated Pedestrian Doorsets - Safety in Use - Requirements and Test Methods (Side-Pocket Finger Guards and Presence Sensors)
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Safety Alert: Entrapment and Crushing Hazards at Powered Revolving and Sliding Pedestrian Doors
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (Section 7.2.1.10: Revolving Door Collapsible Wing Breakout Force Requirements)
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) & National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, UK): Pre-Hospital Management of Fragility Hip Fractures and Anticoagulant Head Injury Triage (NICE NG232)